Mysterious ancient cities of Siberia - big review

Russians like to say that the West knows nothing about Russia.
The truth is that Russians don't know anything about their country
either. Until the 17th century, Russia was called Muscovy. By the
name of the Moscow principality. Moreover, twice in the history
of Muscovy, the history of this country was rewritten. The first
time in the 14-15th centuries for to hide the traces of the total
destruction of pagans by Christians. The second time in the 18-19
centuries when it was necessary to justify the capture of new
non-Russian territories in the West. The reality is that until the
beginning of the 19th century, Russia occupied a small territory.
The rest of the territory of modern Russia was occupied by the
mysterious "Grand Tartaria" (maps: https://bit.ly/2ZNvyBF). Tartaria
finally disappeared by the end of the 18th century for unknown
reasons. It is known that the decline of this state almost ended in
the 16th century. But it is not known for certain what caused the
crash. It is only known that when the Russians began to colonize
this territory they discovered many mysterious ruined cities. This
will be my review today.
1) Siberia
Siberia is not just a vast geographic region in the northeastern
part of Eurasia, but also the city of the same name captured by
Russian colonists. In the book (https://bit.ly/3nR0ARB)
"Atlas des enfans: L'Empire russe" in 1771, you can see the location
of the city of Siberia (58^08^57^/68^31^10^). According to modern
research, the city of Isker (Siberia) arose before the Mongol
invasion. The territory of the city, like the whole land of Siberia,
has been repeatedly inhabited by different tribes and peoples since
the Bronze Age. At one time this land was called "Kashlyk". By the
beginning of the 13th century, Isker was a significant settlement.
According to sources, in 1224, among other possessions, Genghis
Khan transferred to the ulus "Jochi", as well as "Ibir-Siberia". Isker
was the capital of the Siberian Khanate from the late 15th to the
early 16th century. On October 26, 1582, after the defeat of the
Siberian army in the Battle of the Chuvash Cape, the city was
captured by the colonizer Ermak. At the beginning of the 20th
century, the city was a heap of bricks and stones overgrown with
sod and trees. Nowadays, the historical territory of the settlement
is almost completely washed away by the Irtysh River.
2) Grustina
Grustina is a city that existed on the territory of modern Tomsk
before the development of Siberia by Russian pioneers. It is
mentioned in "Notes on Muscovy" by Sigismund von Herberstein
and in "Studies on Old Russian History" by Lerberg, indicated on
maps of the 15-17th centuries of Great Tartary published in Western
Europe, in particular on the maps of Gerard Mercator
(https://bit.ly/3pZ0avb), Abraham Otelia, Petrus Bertius
(https://bit.ly/31dpnaP), Jodocus Hondius (https://bit.ly/3EDbalV),
Guillaume Delisle (https://bit.ly/3jZjPHC) and others
(https://bit.ly/3CGrhP5). There is no information about Grustin in
the well-known ancient Russian chronicles and maps. Archaeological
evidence of the city's existence has been discovered. It is believed
that Grustina (Graciona) is a city near Tomsk. It is a rounded
mountain. It is located on the right bank of the Yenisei near the
village of Zykovo near Krasnoyarsk.
Information about Grustina can be gleaned from foreign sources. In
Russian literature, only Karamzin and Klyuchevsky were the first to
mention Grestin. On European maps, Grustina continues to be
indicated until the beginning of the 18th century. The Russian
Cossacks who built the Tomsk fortress in 1604 did not find any city,
but noted the anthropogenic landscape of the area. Academician Peter
Simon Pallas in 1760 noted the unnaturalness of the Tomsk landscape
- endless "hillocks and pits". Over the four centuries of the
existence of Tomsk, signs of the former residence of people here
have been noted more than once. The laying of various communications
led to the discovery of a huge number of human burials. Only on the
territory of the Cossack Tomsk fortress 350 coffin-decks were found.
Who built the city of Grutina is unknown. Only Gondius has a definite
saying. The inscription on his 1606 map next to Grustina reads:
"Tatars and Slavs live together in this cold city."
3) Lukomorye and Golden Baba (woman)
Lukomorye in Slavic mythology is a reserved place on the outskirts
of the universe where there is a world tree - the axis of the world
along which you can get to other worlds, since its top rests on the
heavens, and the roots reach the underworld. The gods descend and
ascend along the world tree. In this sense, Lukomorye is mentioned
in folk plots and prayers. In early Western European maps
"Lucomoria" (https://bit.ly/3EBzxk3 https://bit.ly/31oRJPD) denoted
the territory adjacent to the right (eastern) bank of the Gulf of Ob
in the vicinity of Obdora. The Ob Bay was depicted as elongated to
the middle reaches of the Ob, hence the tradition of ancient
cartographers to fix the country "Lucomoria" in the area of the town
of Grustin in the modern Tomsk region.
This region was home to an ancient golden idol known as the Golden
Baba (https://bit.ly/3q0SyZe). It is known that in 1657 the Kondinsky
Monastery was founded on Konda, which became the center of the
struggle against the Siberian pagans. The priests and monks did not
hide the fact that their main goal was to destroy the Golden Bab
(woman). In the course of their missionary activities, they burned
hundreds of wooden idols dressed in gold and furs, but the legendary
idol was not found among them. Many researchers believe that the
Golden Baba is a statue donated by Indian merchants to the
inhabitants of Grustina.
4) Asgard Iriysky Omsk is a large Siberian city that occupies almost
600 km2 and is located in the south of the West Siberian Plain. It
was founded at the beginning of the 18th century. But there is
evidence that the legendary city of Asgard of Iriysky used to be in
its place. Cartographer (https://bit.ly/3BDo6qb) Semyon Ulyanovich
Remezov compiled a book-map, which is called "the first Russian
atlas". An arrow is drawn on page 21 indicating the confluence of
the Omi and Irtysh rivers. Nearby it is written in small letters:
"The city has to be here again." The main word in this phrase is
"again", which means that the city was being built on the site of
the old one.
Omsk in the 20th century was the leader in the number of
archaeological finds in Siberia. Dozens of finds were made, and
most of the historical values belonged to the Andronov culture that
existed in the Bronze Age. The most significant evidence of the
life of the Andronots is the burial found under the Nikolsky Cossack
Cathedral. The plaque near the burial place says that "it was not the
body that was buried, but the ashes after cremation," and this is a
characteristic feature of the Andronov culture. A clay vessel
decorated with ornaments was also found here, and this is the
practice of the Slavs. Underground passages discovered by
archaeologists under the city are at least 10,000 years old. Who
lived there is still a mystery.
5) Other mysterious cities
On the ancient maps given in the links, there are other cities of
Siberia (https://bit.ly/3pXBEdZ). These are such cities as: Serpenov
(Serponov), Kossin, Terom, Alakchin, Kikas, Eli, Arsa, Kambalyk,
Inanch and many names of other cities that existed long before the
Russian colonization of Siberia. Despite attempts to completely
erase them from maps and memory, their names have survived
to our time.
The sensational discovery of the ancient Arkaim and other cities
of the Sintashta culture, which turned out to be even older than
the cities described above, shocked the researchers. After all,
these cities appeared in Siberia about 4.8 - 5 thousand BC. The
people who lived in these city-temples-observatories had a
European appearance. Their level of organization and production
is in no way inferior to the Greek or Roman.
6) Conclusions In one small note, I cannot tell you about all the
mysteries of ancient Siberia. I can only give a link to photos of
the archaeological sites (https://bit.ly/3GMwk2U). It should also
be added that scientists have yet to get acquainted with the many
ancient Siberian cities that will be opened, like Arkaim, in the
future. I hope this article will help the Western reader stop
thinking that Russia is homogeneous and all Slavs are the same
in particular.