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          In Boko Haram Offensive, Nigerian Forces on Familiar Ground

   by Heather Murdock

   It has been less than 10 days since the Nigerian military began what it
   calls a "massive" offensive against Boko Haram, the extremist Islamist
   militant group that claims ties to al-Qaida and recently captured
   portions of the country's northeast.

   While military officials claim to have killed dozens of its fighters
   and arrested hundreds of its members, destroying their encampments and
   re-taking at least five districts since the campaign began, none of the
   information is verifiable. With phone lines down and roads blocked, no
   independent observers are present along the front lines and some aid
   workers fled the region after an attack last Saturday.

   Hussaini Abdu, head of the anti-poverty organization ActionAid in
   Abuja, says the military's information blackout is meant to achieve two
   aims.

   "One ... is to possibly constrain the communications of the insurgents
   groups, but it's also to disallow the public from accessing such
   information that can be used to put pressure on the military," he said.
   "So if there are issues of rights violations -- if there are cases of
   killing of innocent people and all those things -- if people get to
   know it, we report it in the media it will put pressure on them. And
   the military typically will see it as a distraction."

   Renowned for its peacekeeping successes across Africa, the Nigerian
   military, some experts say, possesses the weaponry and manpower to beat
   back the insurgency. But faced with a battle unlike any it has fought,
   past successes abroad may not translate to victory at home.

   Although the military released a statement Friday saying no civilians
   have been killed in the conflict, and that nine of 12 women and
   children had been rescued from Boko Haram kidnappers, Amnesty
   International issued a report Thursday saying the military has a
   history of rights violations. In recent weeks, the rights group says,
   it has received reports of arbitrary arrests and soldiers dumping
   bodies at morgues.

   According to Abdu, the Nigerian military has not fought a guerilla war
   since the country's civil war in the 1960s, and only recently saw Boko
   Haram take the form of an enemy it was well prepared to defeat.

   "They are trained to fight territorial battles," says Abdu, explaining
   that Boko Haram's recent military-style attacks and seizures of
   northern districts compelled the military's aggressive response. "They
   are not trained to fight [with] guerillas, so when those territories
   began to emerge -- personally, I think they were excited about it --
   they could go to the games reserve and drop bombs and disperse the
   training centers. They could go to borders, cordon the areas, arrest
   everybody."

   While the military appears poised to beat back the insurgency,
   political analyst and former University of Nigeria researcher
   Nkwachukwu Orji says Boko Haram has a history of appearing to succumb
   to defeat only to return stronger, better armed and more violent.

   "They are going to fight to reclaim those territories that Boko Haram
   already controls," he said. "And then what happens to Boko Harm is that
   they will definitely find their way and escape to Niger, to Cameroon --
   distant places for some time -- and watch what will happen after the
   six months emergency [rule]."

   When the battle is won, Orji says, the military will be able to force
   Boko Haram to participate in peace talks, which, in the past, the group
   has rejected.

   "Military engagement cannot solve this problem in the long run," said
   Orji. "What it can do is make sure the government has the control in
   terms of negotiating."

   On Tuesday, the military said it was planning to release some prisoners
   held in connection with Boko Haram activities, including all detained
   women and children. And while it appears to be a move towards
   negotiations, Abdu says he wonders if they are doing it simply because
   all the prisons are full.
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   [1]http://www.voanews.com/content/untested-in-guerilla-warfare-nigerian
   -forces-boko-haram-offensive/1667871.html

References

   1. http://www.voanews.com/content/untested-in-guerilla-warfare-nigerian-forces-boko-haram-offensive/1667871.html