====================================================================== = List of Internet top-level domains = ====================================================================== Introduction ====================================================================== This list of Internet top-level domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database. IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. , their root domain contains 1502 top-level domains. , the IANA root database includes 1589 TLDs. That also includes 68 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains. Those are not represented in IANA's listing and are not in root.zone file (root.zone file also includes one root domain). Types ====================================================================== IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains: * infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA) * generic top-level domains (gTLD) * generic-restricted top-level domains (grTLD) * sponsored top-level domains (sTLD) * country code top-level domains (ccTLD) * test top-level domains (tTLD) Original top-level domains ====================================================================== Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998. * Name: DNS names * Entity: intended use * Administrator: managers * Notes: general remarks * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions Name Entity Administrator Notes IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6 | .com || **com**mercial ||Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. | .org || **org**anization || Public Interest Registry ||This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally created as a miscellaneous category as stated in RFC 920 (October 1984) "...any other domains meeting the second level requirements," and clarified in RFC 1591 (March 1994), "This domain is intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else. Some non-government organizations may fit here." While mainly non-profits have used this domain, it was never restricted from miscellaneous use.|| || || || | .net || **net**work ||Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. According to RFC 1591 (March 1994) "This domain is intended to hold only the computers of network providers." | .int || **int**ernational|| Internet Assigned Numbers Authority || The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. || || || || | .edu|| **edu**cation || Educause (via Verisign)|| The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names.|| || || || | .gov || U.S. national and state **gov**ernment agencies || Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (via Verisign) || The ..gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies, and tribal governments.|| || || || | .mil || U.S. **mil**itary || United States Department of Defense || The .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense. || || || || Infrastructure top-level domains ====================================================================== Infrastructure !! Entity !! Notes!! IDN !! DNSSEC | .arpa || "**A**ddress and **R**outing **P**arameter **A**rea" || Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD.|| || Country code top-level domains ====================================================================== As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. , the number was 316, with the addition of internationalized domains. Proposed internationalized ccTLDs =================================== Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya. {{anchor|ICANN}} ICANN-era generic top-level domains ====================================================================== * Name: DNS name * Target market: intended use * Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used * Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions A === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..academy Schools, military academies, online learning websites, PTAs and student portals, or any site created to be educational on a particular topic. — Identity Digital ..accountant Certified Public Accountants, tax advisors, corporate accountants, personal and business accountants, and professional CPA organizations. — Global Registry Services Ltd ..accountants Accountants and accounting firms. — Identity Digital ..active Reserved for Active Network. The Active Network ..actor Aspiring actors and their agents, theaters and movie studios, entertainment outlets, streaming video sites, movie review sites, and celebrity gossip sites. — Identity Digital ..ads advertising Reserved for Google AdSense. Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..adult Sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. - ICM Registry ..aero Air-transport industry. Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. SITA ..africa African and pan-African topics, African Union — ZA Central Registry ..agency Marketing and advertising agencies, PR or communications agencies, design firms, talent agencies, travel agencies, and other related agencies. — Identity Digital |**.ai** is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Anguilla, a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is administered by the government of Anguilla. |.ai |— |Offshore Information Services |Un-known |No ..airforce Military recruiters, flight training schools, supply companies, military aircraft suppliers and repair companies, and Air Force members and veterans. — Identity Digital ..amazon Reserved for Amazon. Amazon ..analytics Reserved for SAS Institute. Campus IP LLC ..apartments Property (apartment) managers, condominium/apartment developers, college websites/centers, and city guides and community centers. — Identity Digital ..app Apps. — Google ..apple Apple. Reserved for Apple. Apple ..archi architects and architect firms Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry. STARTING DOT LIMITED ..army Military recruiter, army supply stores, military training schools, army members and veterans — Identity Digital ..art artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors — UK Creative Ideas |.arte |Reserved for Arte Yes ..associates Accountants, law firms, consulting firms, real estate agencies, health & medical groups — Identity Digital ..attorney Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students — Identity Digital ..auction Auction houses & online auctions, car and truck auction, B2B commodity auctions, charity auctions for non-profits and schools, buyer and seller communities — Identity Digital ..audible Reserved for Audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..audio stereo/sound systems, music — Uniregistry ..author — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..auto vehicles XYZ.com ..autos vehicles — XYZ.com ..aws Reserved for Amazon Web Services Amazon Registry Services, Inc. B === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..baby For selling baby-related products XYZ.com |.band |Music venues, ticket sale/resale sites, music band & musician sites, school band sites, music review sites |— |Identity Digital ..bank banks Restricted to banks and savings associations [https://www.register.bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC] ..bar Bars and related industry — Punto 2012 ..barefoot Reserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc. Gallo Vineyards, Inc. ..bargains Online retailers, large and small, "sale" sections on retail websites, discount & overstock sites, bargain hunters, frugal-living bloggers — Identity Digital ..baseball baseball Reserved for MLB MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC ..basketball basketball Reserved for FIBA Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) ..beauty beauty — XYZ.com ..beer breweries and beer aficionados — Minds + Machines ..best — BestTLD Pty Ltd ..bestbuy Reserved for Best Buy BBY Solutions, Inc. ..bet gambling — Identity Digital plc ..bible — American Bible Society ..bid auctions — Global Registry Services Ltd ..bike Bicycle & motorcycle enthusiasts, bike retailers & gear shops, bike repair shops, biking event organizers, bike or motorcycle clubs — Identity Digital ..bingo Bingo halls, casinos, online & casual gaming sites, travel agencies — Identity Digital ..bio Organic agriculture Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture. Identity Digital ..biz business Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. NeuStar ..black those who like the color black — Identity Digital ..blackfriday Black Friday, retail — Uniregistry ..blockbuster Reserved for Blockbuster LLC Dish DBS Corporation ..blog Blogs — Automattic ..blue those who like the color blue — Identity Digital ..boo — — Google ..book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..boots Reserved for Boots Company Ltd THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC ..boston websites related to the city of Boston, Massachusetts USA Boston TLD Management, LLC ..bot Previously restricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots) and now has no restrictions. |Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..boutique Specialty online retailers, vintage shops, designers, artists and artisans, craftspeople — Identity Digital ..box individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage — NS1 Limited ..broadway Broadway theatre Reserved for members of the Broadway League Celebrate Broadway, Inc. ..broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD ..build construction industry Plan Bee LLC ..builders Contractors, subcontractors, commercial/residential architects, interior designers — Identity Digital ..business Creative businesses & agencies, freelancers & independent consultants, any other business looking to differentiate from the competition — Identity Digital ..buy sales Amazon Registry Services, INC ..buzz marketing and social networking — DOTSTRATEGY C === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..cab Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions — Identity Digital ..cafe Cafes, restaurants, delis, cafeterias, coffee shops & coffee stands, student lounges, mobile food/beverage vendors, cooking schools — Identity Digital ..call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..cam Cameras, photography, broadcasting, film-making and livestreaming. — CAM Connecting SarL ..camera Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital ..camp Camping/RV sites, travel writers & bloggers, outdoor adventure companies, summer camps for kids, hotels, hostels, lodges, bed & breakfast lodging — Identity Digital ..cancerresearch Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research — Australian Cancer Research Foundation ..capital Mortgage companies, financial services professionals, investment services, venture capital investors — Identity Digital ..car vehicles Cars Registry Limited ..cards Occasion shoppers (holiday, birthday, bereavement), occasion-related websites, gift buyers, corporate HR departments — Identity Digital ..care Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, insurance providers, hospitals & clinics, medical, dental, or vision specialists, service based products or services — Identity Digital ..career jobs and job-searching — dotCareer LLC ..careers Career services (coaching, resume writing), job sites & recruiters, business coaches, staffing firms, HR department of any business — Identity Digital |.cars Automotive — Uniregistry ..case Reserved for CNH Industrial CNH Industrial N.V. ..cash Pawn shops and consignment shops, currency exchanges, other cash-based businesses, check cashing services — Identity Digital ..casino Casino & online gaming sites, travel agencies, local tourist sites, hotel booking sites — Identity Digital ..catering Caterers & personal chefs, specialty food vendors, wedding planners & event planners, event spaces, wholesale suppliers — Identity Digital ..catholic Catholicism Dicastery for Communication ..center Community centers, business centers, shopping centers, tourist sites/city centers, tutoring & learning centers — Identity Digital ..cern CERN CERN CERN Yes ..ceo CEOs — CEOTLD Pty Ltd ..cfd clothing fashion design ShortDot SA ..channel — Google ..chat Online chat rooms, dating, political, religious, sports, human interest, & hobbyist forums, companies with live chat help desks, chatbot technology companies — Identity Digital |.charity |— |Identity Digital ..cheap Online retailers, discount sites, overstock sites, businesses who sell bulk products at discounted prices, bargain hunters & frugal-living bloggers — Identity Digital ..christmas Christmas — Uniregistry ..church Churches, youth organizations, spiritual communities, religion-based organizations, anyone who publishes spiritual or religious content — Identity Digital ..circle — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..city City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions, transportation businesses — Identity Digital ..claims Insurance adjusters & claims representatives, insurance claims departments (auto, medical, homeowners), customer service departments of insurance companies, law firms — Identity Digital ..cleaning Contractors, commercial/home cleaning services, auto detailing/cleaning services — Identity Digital ..click — Uniregistry ..clinic Healthcare clinics, medical or healthcare specialists, sports clinics, urgent care clinics — Identity Digital ..clothing Online retailers, department stores, designers — Identity Digital |.cloud Companies involved in cloud computing — Aruba S.p.A. ..club groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general — ..CLUB DOMAINS ..coach Athletic organizations, personal trainers & coaches, business, life, & health coaches, school & community club coaches or tutors, affordable travel, airline, train, car, or other transportation companies — Identity Digital ..codes Software and web developers, IT companies, technology R&D companies, coding enthusiasts, coding classes & camps — Identity Digital ..coffee Coffee shops, roasters, wholesalers & suppliers, machine & equipment suppliers and stands — Identity Digital ..college Educational — XYZ.com ..community City guides & community centers, online communities, neighborhood associations, churches, mosques, temples, and other spiritual communities, local writers & bloggers — Identity Digital ..company Small, medium, or large businesses, business that want to demonstrate authority in their field, makers, artisans, anyone who sells a niche product — Identity Digital ..compare Reserved for Gocompare.com Limited iSelect Ltd ..computer Computer manufacturers, computer repair services, computer resellers, computer training & education programs, tech companies — Identity Digital ..condos Real estate brokers/agents, property (condominium) managers, mortgage companies, condominium/apartment developers, condominium associations — Identity Digital ..construction Contractors, commercial/residential architects, wholesale and retail construction suppliers — Identity Digital ..consulting Consulting firms, independent consultants, specialty services, businesses that offer expert training — Identity Digital ..contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. ..contractors Construction-related businesses, contractors, subcontractors, independent contractors with unique skills and expertise, unions or other organizations promoting their people and skills — Identity Digital ..cooking sharing recipes — Minds + Machines ..cool Fashion magazines & blogs, meme aggregators, trend tracking sites, online merchants, fun publications & sites — Identity Digital ..coop cooperatives The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. DotCooperation ..country general — Minds + Machines ..coupon discounts and rebates Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..coupons Coupon pages, coupon sites, discount sites, coupon-themed blogs, bargain hunters — Identity Digital ..courses education Open Universities Australia Pty Ltd ..cpa accountants and accounting firms Restricted to licensed CPAs and CPA firms American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ..credit Credit card companies, lenders, credit unions, collection agencies, credit counselors & financial planners — Identity Digital ..creditcard Credit card companies, store/retailer credit card sites, credit counselors & financial planners, credit card processing services — Identity Digital ..cruise Cruise lines, cruise-related products or services, travel agencies & vacation services, private charter boats Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. ..cricket cricket — Global Registry Services Ltd ..cruises cruise businesses and travel — Identity Digital |.cyou |For any individual or business that shares the ethical values of diversity, inclusivity, and independence |— |Shortdot SA D === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..dad fathers — Google ..dance Dance studios & instructors, nightclubs & music venues, dance teams & troupes, dance shoe, clothing & equipment manufacturers, fans of dance & live performances — Identity Digital ..data Dish DBS Corporation ..date online dating — Global Registry Services Ltd ..dating Dating & matchmaker sites, travel sites & city guides, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, event businesses — Identity Digital ..day general — Google ..deal sales Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..deals Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages. coupon-themed guides, directories and blogs — Identity Digital ..degree Brick-and-mortar schools & universities, online universities, other learning courses, other educational resources — Identity Digital ..delivery Consumer delivery services, commercial shipping services, transportation services, messenger services, any business that ships their products — Identity Digital ..democrat Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations — Identity Digital ..dental Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care — Identity Digital ..dentist Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care — Identity Digital ..design graphic art and fashion — Top Level Design ..dev software development — Google ..diamonds Jewelers, diamond wholesalers and retailers, jewelry appraisers and buyers, pawn shops — Identity Digital ..diet dieting and dietary — Uniregistry ..digital Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), online event, meetup & gaming sites, technology companies, e-commerce sites — Identity Digital ..direct Direct-to-consumer stores, bargain hunters, transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services — Identity Digital ..directory Listings organizations, name, phone & address directories, online business directories, clubs, groups, & other organizations directories — Identity Digital ..discount Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages, coupon-themed blogs — Identity Digital ..diy do-it-yourself | ..docs Technical Documentation Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..doctor Doctors, any business with “doctor” in the name, other health care providers, PhD experts in any field Identity Digital ..dog Dog breeders, dog walking, grooming & sitting businesses, veterinarians, animal shelters & adoption centers, pet stores & suppliers — Identity Digital ..domains Any web-based service, network consultants, domain brokers, resellers and registrars, home-related products and services — Identity Digital ..dot Dish DBS Corporation ..download technology — Global Registry Services Ltd ..drive Reserved for Google Drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) E === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..earth Individuals or businesses with a worldwide focus — Interlink Co., Ltd. ..eat restaurants and foodies — Google ..eco Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals. Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action. Big Room Inc. ..education Colleges & universities, public schools, PTAs & other school groups, education research organizations, any organization focused on educating its audience — Identity Digital ..email Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, email marketing experts, CRM and marketing technology specialists, anyone who wants a memorable email address — Identity Digital ..energy Electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear & thermal energy producers, solar, wind, hydro, bio & other sustainable alternative energy producers, battery manufacturers & oil industry R&D, energy conservation organizations, energy food & drink manufacturers — Identity Digital ..engineer Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers — Identity Digital ..engineering Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers — Identity Digital ..edeka edeka firms — EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. |.entertainment |Ticket outlets, travel sites & local tourist sites, performance halls, theaters, & music venues, anyone in the entertainment industry, celebrity news sites |— |Identity Digital ..enterprises Entrepreneurs, startups, parent & holding companies, enterprise SaaS solutions & tech services — Identity Digital ..equipment Home improvement stores, construction equipment rentals, construction equipment sales, sporting goods stores — Identity Digital ..esq lawyers, law firms, legal professionals To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys Google ..estate Estate sale management & appraisal services, estate planners & lawyers, real estate agents & brokers — Identity Digital ..events Event planners, sports & gaming agencies/sites, ticket sale/resale sites, city guides & community centers, performance halls, music clubs/bars — Identity Digital ..exchange Foreign currency exchanges, stock brokers, investment fund traders, ETF distributors, brokers, & dealers — Identity Digital ..expert Home services providers, online review sites, skilled worker databases, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts — Identity Digital ..exposed Tabloid sites, celebrity romance blog, TV spoiler sites, sites that host leaked documents, investigative journalism sites — Identity Digital ..express Transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services, direct-to-consumer stores — Identity Digital F === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..fail Online meme aggregators, humor websites, video sites — Identity Digital ..faith religion and churches — Global Registry Services Ltd ..family Family-focused travel sites, blogs about family-friendly activities & games, family history sites, photo sites, obstetricians & family practice doctors — Identity Digital ..fan Fan sites, current events & gossip sites, sport blogs and forums, personal & business sites about niche topics Identity Digital ..fans general — ZDNS International Limited ..farm Real estate brokers/agents, farming services & equipment dealers, farmers & ranchers, property managers, health food distributors, cryptocurrency farmers — Identity Digital ..fashion clothing industry — Minds + Machines ..fast Reserved for Amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..feedback feedback and reviews — Top Level Spectrum |.fiat |Reserved for Stellantis (previously Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Fiat S.p.A.) |Stellantis N.V. ..film films Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd ..final final versions of anything Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br ..finance Investment services, banks & financial institutes, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders — Identity Digital ..financial Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders — Identity Digital ..fire Reserved for Amazon (promotion of Fire devices) Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..fish Seafood markets, restaurants & suppliers, sport fishing & fly fishing enthusiasts, fishing gear, tackle, & product manufacturers, travel outfitters & fishing guide companies, aquariums, pet & fish supply stores, marine biology programs & conservation organizations — Identity Digital ..fishing fishing businesses, sports, and interests — Minds + Machines ..fit Fitness and exercise — Minds + Machines ..fitness Gyms, athletic clubs & family health organizations, personal trainers, weight loss, health & wellness clinics, health & exercise blogs, fitness competition & events companies — Identity Digital ..flights Airline-related products or services, helicopter rides, skydiving, & hang gliding, travel agencies & travel services, private pilots, airport transportation — Identity Digital ..florist Florists, flower delivery services, floral designers, flower seed suppliers — Identity Digital ..flowers florists and gardens — Uniregistry ..fly travel To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers Google ..foo programming and development — Google ..food | ..foodnetwork Reserved for Food Network | ..football Professional & amateur football & soccer teams, football clothing, gear & fan merchandise, football equipment manufacturers, football coaches & players — Identity Digital ..forsale Individual real estate brokers and brokerages, wholesalers and retailers across many product categories, discount, flash sale and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need — Identity Digital ..forum forums Fegistry, LLC Arabic ..foundation Charitable organizations, public school foundations, other philanthropic organizations & foundations — Identity Digital ..free sales Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..frontdoor Reserved for HGTV | ..fun — Radix Registry ..fund Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, lenders — Identity Digital ..furniture Home décor and furnishing stores, department stores, home designers, vintage stores, antique dealers — Identity Digital ..fyi "for your information" — Identity Digital G === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..gallery Galleries, professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital ..game gaming Uniregistry, Corp. ..games Gaming sites, forums & reviews, online or brick & mortar game stores/clubs, sports events, clubs—professional & recreational, casinos Identity Digital ..garden gardening — Minds + Machines ..gay gay individuals or supportive organisations — Top Level Design ..gdn general — GDN Registry ..gift gift-giving — Uniregistry ..gifts Gift buyers, discount sites, corporate HR departments, bargain hunters — Identity Digital ..gives Philanthropic organizations and foundations, charities, nonprofits, corporate giving initiatives, volunteer organizations — Identity Digital ..glass Glass & glass repair shops, glass departments within home supply stores, contractors, windshield repair & auto glass businesses, DIYers/artists — Identity Digital ..gle Google abbreviations In use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as 'forms.gle' and goo.gle. Charleston Road Registry Inc. (a Google subsidiary) ..global general, companies or individuals with a global focus or presence — Dot GLOBAL ..gmbh German limited liability companies — Binky Moon, LLC ..gold Jewelers, gold traders and dealers, coin sellers and traders, trophy and awards shops — Identity Digital ..golf Professional & amateur golf organizations, golf courses, equipment suppliers & manufacturers, golf travel & event companies, golf players, enthusiasts & spectators, sports networks — Identity Digital ..google Google In use for some websites related to Google such as .. Alphabet Inc. ..gop Republican Party politics — Republican State Leadership Committee ..graphics Web design firms, freelance designers, graphic artists — Identity Digital ..green the environmentally-focused "As a Registrant you may not .... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand." Identity Digital ..gripe Online complaint sites, online forums, customer service providers, feedback sites, blogs about scams — Identity Digital ..grocery Reserved for Walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ..group Groups based on hobbies or interests (running, crafts, gaming), group-based businesses (medical practices, law firms, financial advisors), professional associations, support groups — Identity Digital ..guide City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions & guides, outdoor adventure companies — Identity Digital ..guitars Guitars — Uniregistry ..guru Mindfulness & yoga practices, spiritual leadership sites, any training program, work-for-hire sites, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts — Identity Digital H === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..hair haircare products and services XYZ.com ..hangout Reserved for Google Hangouts Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..haus German housing and real estate — Identity Digital ..health health and related topics DotHealth, LLC ..healthcare Primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare insurance providers & brokers, company HR/benefits departments — Identity Digital ..help help sites — Uniregistry ..here generic geographic — Google ..hiphop Hip hop culture — Uniregistry ..hiv AIDS and HIV awareness — dotHIV ..hockey Sports media, sporting goods stores & hockey equipment suppliers, professional, minor league & amateur hockey teams, hockey fans, fantasy leagues, sponsors, coaches & referees — Identity Digital ..holdings Holding companies, private equity firms, real estate developers — Identity Digital ..holiday Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, city guides & resource sites, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital ..homegoods Reserved for HomeGoods The TJX Companies, Inc. ..homes real estate professionals — Dominion Enterprises ..homesense Reserved for HomeSense The TJX Companies, Inc. ..horse horse-related businesses and interest — Minds + Machines ..hospital Hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, medical, dental, or vision specialists, insurance providers Identity Digital ..host network companies — Radix Registry ..hosting — Uniregistry ..hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..hotels Reserved for Booking.com Booking.com B.V. ..house Real estate brokers/agents, mortgage companies, home builders, construction/home improvement suppliers, home improvement sites & blogs — Identity Digital ..how how-to guides — Google I === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..ice Reserved for Intercontinental Exchange IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. |.icu |entrepreneurs and business owners |— |ShortDot SA |.inc |Corporations |Intercap Registry Inc. ..industries Machine or equipment manufacturers, manufacturers, tech or biotech companies, professional associations, businesses with “industries” in their names — Identity Digital ..info information — Identity Digital ..ing Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing" — Google ..ink creative printing or tattooing — Top Level Design ..institute Educational institutions, training programs, foundations, research organizations, military schools — Identity Digital ..insurance insurance companies fTLD Registry Services LLC ..insure Insurance companies (life, auto, homeowners, renters), insurance divisions of larger companies (car rentals, warranties), insurance brokers & advisors — Identity Digital ..international Any organization with an international presence, international consultants, import/export businesses, international travel organizations — Identity Digital ..investments Investment services (institutional, private), wealth management services, financial planners, brokerage firms — Identity Digital |.irish |Airline-related products or services, domestic/International travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, Ireland travel guides & resource sites, seasonal opportunities (St. Patrick's Day) |— |Identity Digital J === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..jewelry Jewelers, jewelry buyers, online retailers, department stores — Identity Digital ..jobs Employment For websites with job opportunities and job listings. Employ Media ..joy — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. K === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..kim Kim (Korean surname) — Identity Digital ..kitchen Restaurants, cafes, & delis, food stands & mobile vendors, meal services & personal chefs, kitchen supply stores, food blogs & recipe sites — Identity Digital |.kosher |Kosher food certification and regulations |— |OK Kosher Certification |.kpn |Dutch Telecom Company |Only available to KPN. L === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..land Real estate brokers and agents, residential/commercial land developers, home builders, mortgage companies, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital ..lat Latin American communities and users ECOM-LAC ..law practitioners and educators in law Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators. Minds + Machines Group Limited ..lawyer Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students — Identity Digital ..lease Real estate brokers/agents, property managers, condo/apartment developers, real estate law firms — Identity Digital ..leclerc Reserved for E.Leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc ..legal Attorneys, lawyers & law firms, corporate legal teams, paralegals, legal advocates, committees, associations and interest groups associated with the law — Identity Digital ..lgbt the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community "Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community." Identity Digital ..life | — Identity Digital ..lifeinsurance life insurance American Council of Life Insurers ..lighting Lighting & lighting repair shops, lighting departments within home supply stores, contractors, commercial/residential architects, DIYers — Identity Digital ..like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..limited Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products — Identity Digital ..limo Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, lodging, weddings, party and occasion-related services — Identity Digital ..link connecting to information — Uniregistry ..live Live streaming sites, entertainment/music venues, news sites/blogs, ticket sale/resale sites, video production companies — Identity Digital ..living | ..loan banks and lenders — Global Registry Services Ltd ..loans Mortgage companies, personal loan agencies, auto loan agencies & car dealerships, credit consolidation services — Identity Digital ..locker Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation Dish DBS Corporation ..lol LOL: laughing out loud (humorous or comedic content) — Uniregistry ..lotto lottery — Identity Digital ..love dating sites — ..ltd Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products — Identity Digital ..luxury businesses catering to the wealthy — Luxury Partners M === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..makeup XYZ.com ..management Property managers, wealth management firms, money management, systems & network managers, leadership teams — Identity Digital ..map maps and navigation Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..market Online retailers, independent or chain grocery stores, buyer and seller communities, discount sites & coupon sites — Identity Digital ..marketing Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), staffing agencies, marketing consultants — Identity Digital ..markets Donuts ..mba Colleges, universities, & graduate programs, online educational sites, job search sites, MBA candidates — Identity Digital ..med medicine and related topics Medistry LLC ..media Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), news outlets, media bloggers, celebrity publications, digital publishers & graphic designers — Identity Digital ..meet social gatherings, meeting new people — Identity Digital ..meme Internet memes — Google ..memorial News site obituaries, personal tribute sites, floral & funeral arrangement companies — Identity Digital ..men men — Global Registry Services Ltd ..menu restaurants — Wedding TLD2 ..mint Reserved for Intuit Mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. ..mobi mobile devices Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. Identity Digital ..mobile Dish DBS Corporation ..mobily Reserved for Mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. ..moda url=https://gtldresult.icann.org/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1111|title=ICANN Application ID: 1-1255-64246|publisher=icann.org|access-date=24 January 2024}} — Identity Digital ..moe Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang) — Interlink ..mom mothers Uniregistry, Corp. ..money Lenders, financial services businesses, money blogs & news sites, investment bankers & brokers, financial planners & experts — Identity Digital ..monster XYZ.com ..mortgage Mortgage brokers, real estate brokers/agents, home buyers, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital ..motorcycles motorcycles — DERMotorcycles ..mov digital video — Google ..movie Streaming movie services, movie studios & distributors, movie theaters & entertainment outlets, ticket sale/resale sites, movie review sites — Identity Digital ..museum museums Must be verified as a legitimate museum. Museum Domain Management Association |.music |Music dissemination and appreciation |— |Under contention N === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..name individuals, by name Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. Verisign ..navy Naval training schools, navy supply stores, military recruiters, credit unions, navy members and veterans — Identity Digital ..network IT professionals, tech consultants, career sites, industry-specific professional groups, social networks — Identity Digital ..new Websites where people can create something The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website. Google ..news News organizations, educational publications, trade publications, neighborhood news blogs — ..nexus Google ..ngo Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong. Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. Public Interest Registry ..ninja Sites promoting specialized skills, repair services (auto, appliance, etc.), gaming sites, martial arts organizations — Identity Digital ..now Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..ntt |Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation. O === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..observer Donuts ..org general — Public Interest Registry ..one general — One Registry ..ong Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo. Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. Public Interest Registry ..onl generic — I-REGISTRY ..online generic — Radix Registry ..ooo general Infibeam ..open private to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees" American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. ..organic organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community. Identity Digital ..origins Reserved for Origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. P === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..page Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..partners Law firms, real estate agencies, investment firms, accounting firms, nonprofit organizations — Identity Digital ..parts Appliance wholesalers & service, tool rentals & service businesses, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses — Identity Digital ..party nightclubs and social gatherings — Global Registry Services Ltd ..pay electronic payments Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..pet animals and pets Identity Digital ..pharmacy pharmacies "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients." National Association of Boards of Pharmacy ..phone telephone-related businesses Dish DBS Corporation ..photo photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry ..photography Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital ..photos Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital ..physio physical therapists Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy. PhysBiz ..pics photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry ..pictures Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital ..pid personal identification — Top Level Spectrum ..pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..pink those who like the color pink — Identity Digital ..pizza Pizzerias, take & bake pizza shops, Italian or Greek restaurants, pizza brands found in grocery stores — Identity Digital ..place Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, tourist attractions, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital ..plumbing Plumbers & plumbing repair businesses, plumbing departments within home supply stores, contractors/subcontractors, DIYers — Identity Digital ..plus Consumer commodity stores & sites, clothing (plus, big & tall), service-based businesses, any entity wanting to show their competitive advantage — Identity Digital ..poker Poker players and sites — Identity Digital ..porn adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Identity Digital ..post postal services The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services". Universal Postal Union ..press publishing and journalism — Radix Registry ..prime Reserved for Amazon Prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..pro professions/professionals — Identity Digital ..productions Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), video production services, anyone in the film industry — Identity Digital ..prof Professors, teachers and learning — Google ..promo advertising Identity Digital ..properties Real estate brokers/agents, residential/Commercial land developers, property (condo/apartment) managers, home builders, mortgage companies — Identity Digital ..property real estate — Uniregistry ..protection security XYZ.COM LLC ..pub Pubs, bars & nightclubs, burger joints, breweries & taphouses, beer distributors, restaurant & bar suppliers publications — Identity Digital Q === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..qpon coupons — dotCOOL ..quebec People and businesses in Quebec — — R === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..racing racing — Global Registry Services Ltd ..radio radio stations, amateur radio operators European Broadcasting Union (EBU) ..read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..realestate real estate dotRealEstate LLC ..realtor realtors To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations. Real Estate Domains ..realty realty and housing Fegistry, LLC ..recipes Recipe sites, food & beverage grocery brands, health & fitness organizations, cooking enthusiasts, personal/professional chefs — Identity Digital ..red those who like the color red Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'. — Identity Digital ..rehab Physical and occupational therapists and professionals, drug, alcohol and gambling addiction counselors, rehabilitation facilities and recovery centers, online health directories, physical or emotional health associations — Identity Digital ..reit real estate investment trusts Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ..rent Real estate professionals and small businesses — xyz.xyz ..rentals Real estate brokers/agents, city guides, college housing centers, & community centers, vehicle, equipment, or entertainment/event rentals, property managers, condo/apartment developers — Identity Digital ..repair General or specialty repair shops, construction contractors/subcontractors, DIYers, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat businesses — Identity Digital ..report News and current events sites, financial reporting sites, financial or business analysts, consumer product reviews, police, school, or other community report listings — Identity Digital ..republican Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations — Identity Digital ..rest Restaurants and related industry — Punto 2012 ..restaurant Casual eateries, gourmet restaurants, suppliers, chains, review sites, reservation sites & services — Identity Digital ..review public reviews — Global Registry Services Ltd ..reviews News media, food publications, travel publications, literary publications, any product & service with online reviews — Identity Digital ..rich businesses catering to the wealthy — I-REGISTRY ..rip Loved ones seeking to memorialize the deceased, funeral homes and cemeteries, businesses that support the funeral industry, obituary websites — Identity Digital ..rocks Pop culture sites, niche and fan sites, musicians, gemstone & jewelry companies — Identity Digital ..rodeo Rodeo interest — Minds + Machines ..room lodging or room design Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..rugby rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited ..run Runners, running shoe retailers, specialty running gear shops, running event organizers — Identity Digital S === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..safe security and safety Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..sale Online and brick-and-mortar retailers and wholesalers, automotive and motorcycle dealers, discount, flash sale, and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need — Identity Digital |.salon |Hair salons, nail salons, beauty product companies, beauty schools |— |Identity Digital ..save Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..sbi State Bank of India ..scholarships scholarship related — Scholarships.com ..school Public schools, private & charter schools, specialty and trade schools, online learning sites, resource sites for teachers — Identity Digital ..science science-related sites — Global Registry Services Ltd ..search search engines Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..secure security Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..security XYZ.COM LLC ..select iSelect Ltd ..services Service division of any company, home services (cleaning, landscaping, plumbing, pet care), business services (tech support, interior design, translation services), community service organizations — Identity Digital ..sex adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. ICM Registry ..sexy adult entertainment — Uniregistry ..shoes Shoe stores, department stores, online retailers, athletic shoe retailers, discount shoe stores — Identity Digital ..shop GMO Registry, Inc. ..shopping Online retailers, shopping centers, personal shoppers, discount sites & coupon sites, shopping blogs & product reviews Identity Digital ..show Ticket sale/resale sites, performance halls, music clubs/bars, streaming video services, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides — Identity Digital ..showtime Reserved for Showtime CBS Domains Inc. ..silk Reserved for Amazon Silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..singles (Tickets) Ticket sale/resale sites, gaming agencies, movie review sites, city guides, sports sites (Dating) Dating & matchmaker sites, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, travel sites & city guides — Identity Digital ..site general — Radix Registry ..ski skiing STARTING DOT LIMITED ..skin XYZ.com ..sky Sky International AG ..sling Reserved for Sling Media Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation ..smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. |.sncf |Reserved to the SNCF company. |SNCF ..soccer Professional & amateur soccer clubs, soccer equipment suppliers & manufacturers, soccer & sports media networks, soccer players, enthusiasts, & spectators, soccer camps, coaches, & training organizations — Identity Digital ..social Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), blogs & forums, event & meetup groups, any person or organization driving awareness of their social presence (Actual use also includes Fediverse services, such as Mastodon) — Identity Digital ..software Software testing, support, & consulting companies, software product developers & manufacturers, software training & educational institutions, software resellers — Identity Digital ..solar Renewable & sustainable energy producers, solar panel, roof tile, & storage producers, solar cell battery, chargers, lights, speakers, & generator manufacturers, sunglass, shades, UV clothing, sunblock & other solar protection products — Identity Digital ..solutions SaaS providers, people who offer do-it-yourself tips and tutorials, consultants, any business focused on providing the right solutions to their customers’ problems. — Identity Digital ..song Amazon Registry Services, Inc. |.spa |Spas |— |Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited ..space as a creative space — Radix Registry ..spreadbetting Spread betting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD ..spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. |.[https://join.sport/ sport] |sport institutions |Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) ..srl Spanish/Italian/Romanian/French limited liability companies InterNetX GmbH ..storage Self storage Self Storage Company LLC ..store stores — Radix Registry ..stream streaming media Global Registry Services Ltd ..studio Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, creative freelancers, other creative agencies (i.e., animation, production), dance, yoga, or fitness studios — Identity Digital ..study education OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD Fashion bloggers, department stores, designers, online retailers — Identity Digital ..sucks gripe sites — Vox Populi ..supplies Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, home services retailers — Identity Digital ..supply Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses — Identity Digital ..support IT/Tech support services, social services, customer service & support departments, independent consultants & consulting firms, staffing services — Identity Digital ..surf surfing — Minds + Machines ..surgery Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, insurance providers — Identity Digital ..systems IT businesses, other tech-focused businesses, businesses that sell electronics or home security systems, organizational consultants — Identity Digital T === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..tattoo tattoo aficionados — Uniregistry ..tax Accounting & bookkeeping firms, tax advisors, auditors, financial experts & advisors — Identity Digital ..taxi Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions — Identity Digital ..team Professional & amateur sports teams, sports equipment suppliers & manufacturers, sports media, athletes & fans, clubs, online communities & business organizations — Identity Digital ..tech technology — Radix Registry ..technology Tech-focused businesses & tech startups, businesses that sell to tech companies, developers, coders, programmers, computer retailers, technology blogs, news sites, & review sites, hardware & software companies, R&D companies, tech product manufacturers — Identity Digital ..tel internet communication services A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. ..tennis Tennis courts, clubs & other venues, tennis equipment suppliers and retailers, professional & amateur tennis players, sports media — Identity Digital ..theater Entertainment & movie theater outlets, live performance theaters, professional performer associations, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides — Identity Digital ..theatre theatre XYZ.COM LLC ..tickets ticket resale XYZ.COM LLC ..tips Travel, hotel & hospitality companies, cooking & recipe publications, parenting & and relationship publications, manufacturers of any product with assembly instructions, publications that provide advice on gratuity practices around the world — Identity Digital ..tires Tire wholesalers, tire retailers, auto repair shops — Identity Digital ..today News & current event sites, websites that publish daily content, daily inspiration sites, sites with daily rotating deals or offers, anyone who wants to spur immediate action — Identity Digital ..tools Tool shops, tool departments within home supply stores, contractors, subcontractors, construction-related businesses — Identity Digital ..top general — Jiangsu Bangning ..tours Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, tourist attractions, outdoor adventure companies, private plane/helicopter tours & services — Identity Digital ..town Travel agencies, resources & services, local business associations, city guides & resource sites, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital ..toys Toy stores, online retailers, department stores, game companies, sporting goods companies — Identity Digital ..trade businesses — Global Registry Services Ltd ..trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD ..training Personal trainers & nutrition coaches, gyms and fitness centers, sports medicine practitioners, business that sell sports gear or apparel, or fan merchandise, animal trainers, career or vocational training centers — Identity Digital ..travel Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, any other travel or transportation business Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. ..travelersinsurance Reserved for Travelers Insurance Travelers TLD, LLC ..trust UNR Corp. ..tube Latin American Telecom LLC ..tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. U === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..uconnect Not assigned ..university Online universities, brick-and-mortar universities, university-related clubs & organizations — Identity Digital ..uno general, Spanish and Italian speakers, Uno (card game) V === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..vacations Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital ..ventures Venture capital investment firms, business financial services, business consultants, programs & services for entrepreneurs — Identity Digital ..vet Veterinarians, veterinary clinics and hospitals, wholesale suppliers for veterinary supplies — Identity Digital ..video Video production & media companies, videographers, video editors, script writers, & producers, streaming video sites services, creative agencies — Identity Digital ..villas International real estate brokers/agents, international travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital |.vin |Wineries, wine shops & wine bars, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites and apps |— |Identity Digital ..vip Very important persons Minds + Machines Group Limited ..vision Opticians & optometry clinics, healthcare providers, insurance provider, glasses retailers, online and brick & mortar — Identity Digital ..vodka vodka-related businesses and interest — ..volvo Only Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag and its Affiliates are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .volvo Domain AB Volvo ..vote democratic elections and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process." Identity Digital ..voting polling sites — ..voyage Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital W === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..wang general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal". Wang is also a common surname in mainland China. — Zodiac Registry ..watch Watchmakers, jewelry stores, watch repair shops, neighborhood watch groups — Identity Digital ..watches watches Identity Digital ..weather Reserved for The Weather Channel International Business Machines Corporation ..webcam web cam shows and video sharing — Global Registry Services Ltd ..website general — Radix Registry ..wed engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains). And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script. ..wedding wedding-oriented businesses — Minds + Machines ..whoswho Who's Who (general) An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. Who's Who Registry ..wiki wikis "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" Top Level Design ..win games, Microsoft Windows — Global Registry Services Ltd ..wine Wineries, wine bars, wine shops, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites — Identity Digital ..winners Reserved for TJX Companies The TJX Companies, Inc. |.wl |Yes ..work general — Minds + Machines ..works Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, companies with solution based products or services — Identity Digital ..world Brands with an international presence, nonprofits and charities, travel agencies & adventure companies, world travelers & global communities, any business with “world” in its name — Identity Digital ..wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..wtf Bargain websites, photo & video aggregators, meme sites, news of the weird — Identity Digital X === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..xxx adult entertainment (pornography) For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Uniregistry ..xyz general — XYZ.com Y === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..yachts yachts DERYachts, LLC ..yoga yoga — Minds + Machines ..you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..youtube Reserved for YouTube Google, LLC Z === !Name !Target market Restrictions !Operator/Registry !IDN !DNSSEC ..zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. |.zip |digital storage information, providers, and related entities. |Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) ..zone Sports fans, technology groups & followers, entertainment, fairs, destinations with a “zone”, city planners & zoning regulators, any topic with a following — Identity Digital Chinese ========= !Name !Chinese term !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..ren 人 'rén' "people/person" in Mandarin pinyin Restricted TLD (Cancelled) ..shouji 手机 'shǒujī' mobile phone QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. ..tushu 图书 'túshū' books Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..wanggou 网购 'wǎnggòu' online shopping Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..weibo 微博 'wēibó' microblogging Sina Corporation ..xihuan 喜欢 'xǐhuān' like QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. ..xin 信 'xìn' credit; honest Alibaba Group French ======== !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..arte "ARTE means Association relating to European television" Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. ..clinique "clinic or hospital" The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. ..luxe "luxury" — Minds + Machines ..maison "house" — Identity Digital ..moi "me" Amazon Registry Services, Inc. ..rsvp Invitations and replies — Google ..sarl Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company — Identity Digital German ======== !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..epost e-mail Deutsche Post AG ..gmbh GmbH Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland. Identity Digital ..haus "house" — Identity Digital ..immobilien "real estate" — Identity Digital ..jetzt "now" — Identity Digital ..kaufen "buy" — Identity Digital ..kinder "children" restricted .brand TLD Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. ..reise "travel" Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes. Identity Digital ..reisen "traveling" — Identity Digital ..schule "school" — Identity Digital ..versicherung "insurance" — Hindi ======= !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..desi देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi — Desi Networks ..shiksha शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education". — Identity Digital |.भारत Italian ========= !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..casa "house" — Minds + Machines ..immo French, German, and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" — Identity Digital ..moda "fashion" — Identity Digital ..voto "vote", for election and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process." Initially only available to registrations in the United States. Identity Digital Portuguese ============ !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..bom good Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br ..passagens ticket Travel Reservations SRL Spanish ========= !Name !Translation Restrictions !Operator !IDN !DNSSEC ..abogado "lawyer" To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms. Minds + Machines ..futbol "Football" (soccer) — Identity Digital ..gratis "free" — Identity Digital ..hoteles "hotels" Travel Reservations SRL ..juegos "games" — Uniregistry ..ltda companies in South America Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador. InterNetX ..soy "I am" Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives — Google ..tienda "shop", "store" — Identity Digital ..uno "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers — ..viajes "travel" or "trips" — Identity Digital ..vuelos "flights" Travel Reservations SRL Internationalized generic top-level domains ====================================================================== All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs. * Notes: general remarks and intended use * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions [[Arabic script]] =================== DNS Name !IDN !Language !Script !Transliteration !English Translation Notes !DNSSEC xn--4gbrim dir="auto" | .موقع Arabic Arabic 'mawqiʿ ' "site" or "location" Open TLD xn--fhbei dir="auto" | .كوم Arabic 'kwm' com Owned by: VeriSign Sarl xn--mgbb9fbpob dir="auto" | .موبايلي Arabic 'mūbāylī' Mobily Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. xn--mgbi4ecexp dir="auto" | .كاثوليك Arabic 'kāthūlīk' Catholic Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) xn--ngbc5azd dir="auto" | .شبكة Arabic Arabic 'shabaka' "network" Open TLD xn--ngbe9e0a dir="auto" | .بيتك Arabic 'baytak ' your home Owned by: Kuwait Finance House xn--mgbab2bd dir="auto" | .بازار Persian Arabic 'bâzâr' "market", "bazaar" Open TLD [[Chinese characters]] ======================== DNS Name !IDN !Language !Script !Transliteration !English Translation Notes !DNSSEC xn--3ds443g .在线 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) zàixiàn "online" Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities. xn--fiq228c5hs .中文网 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) Zhōngwén wǎng "(written) Chinese (language) network" Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities. xn--ses554g .网址 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǎngzhǐ "network address" or "website" Open TLD xn--5tzm5g .网站 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǎngzhàn "website" Open TLD xn--io0a7i .网络 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǎngluò "network" Open TLD xn--55qx5d .公司 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) gōngsī "business organization" or "company" Open TLD xn--czru2d .商城 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) shāngchéng "mall" Open TLD xn--nqv7f .机构 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) jīgòu "agency" Open TLD xn--6qq986b3xl .我爱你 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) wǒ ài nǐ "I love you" Open TLD xn--czr694b .商标 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) shāngbiāo "trademark" Open TLD xn--rhqv96g .世界 Chinese and Japanese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Shinjitai and Kyūjitai) shìjiè sekai "world" Open TLD xn--3bst00m .集团 Chinese Chinese (Simplified) jítuán "conglomerate" Open TLD xn--30rr7y .慈善 Chinese and Japanese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Kyūjitai and Shinjitai) císhàn jizen "philanthropy" Open TLD xn--45q11c .八卦 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) bāguà "gossip" Open TLD xn--55qw42g .公益 Chinese and Japanese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Shinjitai and Kyūjitai) gōngyì kõeki "philanthropy" Open TLD xn--g2xx48c .购物 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) gòuwù "shopping" Open TLD xn--kput3i .手机 Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) shǒujī "cell phone" Open TLD xn--mxtq1m .政府 Hani Chinese Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) zhèngfǔ "public affairs Second level restricted to ISO3166-1 country codes; third level registrations restricted to governmental organizations, or public institutions [[Cyrillic script]] ===================== DNS Name !IDN !Language !Script !Transliteration !English Translation Notes !DNSSEC xn--d1acj3b .дети Russian Cyrillic (Russian) dyeti "kids" or "children" Open TLD xn--80aqecdr1a .католик Cyrillic Katolik "сatholic" ('as noun') Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications) xn--j1aef .ком Russian Cyrillic (Russian) kom "com" Owned by: VeriSign Sarl xn--80asehdb .онлайн Russian Cyrillic (Russian) onlain "online" Open TLD xn--c1avg .орг Russian Cyrillic (Russian) org "org" or "organization" Open TLD xn--80aswg .сайт Russian Cyrillic (Russian) sait "site" Open TLD Japanese characters ===================== !DNS Name !IDN !Language !Script !Transliteration !English Translation !Notes !DNSSEC xn--q9jyb4c .みんな Japanese Hiragana minna everyone Open TLD xn--1ck2e1b .セール Japanese Katakana sēru sale Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--bck1b9a5dre4c .ファッション Japanese Katakana fasshon fashion xn--cck2b3b .ストア Japanese Katakana sutoa store xn--eckvdtc9d .ポイント Japanese Katakana pointo point xn--gckr3f0f .クラウド Japanese Katakana kuraudo cloud xn--tckwe .コム Japanese Katakana komu com Owned by: VeriSign Sarl Other script ============== DNS Name !IDN !Language !Script !Transliteration !English Translation Notes !DNSSEC |xn--54b7fta0cc |.বাংলা |Bengali |Bengali |Bānlā |Bangla |Open TLD |xn‑‑h2brj9c |.भारत |Hindi |Devanagari |bharat |India xn--i1b6b1a6a2e .संगठन Marathi, Hindi Devanagari saṅgaṭhana "organization" Open TLD xn--11b4c3d .कॉम Marathi, Hindi Devanagari kom com xn--c2br7g .नेट Marathi, Hindi Devanagari net net xn--mk1bu44c .닷컴 Korean Hangul datkeom / tatk'ŏm dotcom xn--t60b56a .닷넷 Korean Hangul datnet / tatnet dotnet xn--9dbq2a dir="auto" | .קום Hebrew Hebrew qwm com Open TLD xn--42c2d9a .คอม Thai Thai khom com Geographic top-level domains ====================================================================== * Name: DNS name * Entity: Target geographic area * Notes: general remarks * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions Africa ======== !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..africa Africa ..capetown Cape Town, South Africa ..durban Durban, South Africa ..joburg Johannesburg, South Africa Asia ====== !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..abudhabi , UAE ..arab League of Arab States ..asia Asia-Pacific region This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. ..doha Doha, Qatar ..dubai Dubai, UAE ..krd This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan ..kyoto , Japan ..nagoya Nagoya, Japan ..okinawa , Japan ..osaka , Japan ..ryukyu Ryukyu Islands, Japan ..taipei Taipei, Taiwan Introduced in September 2014 ..tokyo , Japan ..yokohama , Japan Europe ======== Geographic TLDs in France !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..alsace "The purpose of .ALSACE is to bring Alsatian culture and identity to the Internet, make our region more visible internationally and boost the digital economy in Alsace." |.bzh |; Breton language and culture |'Breizh' in Breton. This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture |.corsica | |TLD Related to Corsican Culture |.cat |; Catalan language and culture |This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture. |.eus | Basque, Spain and France |'Euskal Herria' in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically. |.paris | |"Must be an individual or corporate entity with a bona fide presence in the Greater area of Paris" Geographic TLDs in Spain !Name !Entity !Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..bcn rowspan="2" | ..barcelona |.cat |; Catalan language and culture |This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture. |.eus | Basque, Spain and France |'Euskal Herria' in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically. |.gal | |This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture. |.madrid | | Geographic TLDs in Germany !Name !Entity !Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..bayern ..berlin Must have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc. |.cologne rowspan="2" | | |.koeln | |.hamburg | |.nrw | | |.ruhr |Ruhr | |.saarland | | Other European Geographic TLDs !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..eu , European Union Available for any person, company or organization based in the European Union. ..amsterdam , Netherlands ..bar 20px Bar, Montenegro Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide ..brussels , Belgium ..cymru rowspan="2" | , United Kingdom |.wales | ..frl , Netherlands 'Fryslân' in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands. |.gent | Ghent, Belgium | ..helsinki , Finland ..irish ; global Irish community ..ist rowspan="2" | İstanbul, Turkey ..istanbul |.london |London, United Kingdom | , Russia |.scot |, United Kingdom | ..stockholm , Sweden ..swiss ..tatar Tatar peoples and places Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community. ..tirol , Austria |.vlaanderen |, Belgium | ..wien , Austria ..zuerich , Switzerland North America =============== !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC !Alternatives ..boston , Massachusetts .boston.ma.us ..miami , Florida .miami.us ..nyc , New York .new-york.ny.us ..quebec , Canada .qc.ca ..vegas , Nevada .las-vegas.nv.us Oceania ========= !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..kiwi New Zealanders ..melbourne , Australia ..sydney , Australia South America =============== !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..lat Latin America ..rio , Brazil Internationalized geographic top-level domains ====================================================================== !DNS name !Display name !Entity !Language !Script !Transliteration Notes !Other TLD !IDN !DNSSEC xn--1qqw23a dir="auto" | .佛山 Foshan, China Chinese Chinese (Simplified) fat(6) saan(1) xn--xhq521b dir="auto" | .广东 Guangdong, China Chinese Chinese (Simplified) gwong(2) dung(1) xn--80adxhks dir="auto" | Moscow, Russia Russian Cyrillic (Russian) moskva .moscow xn--p1acf dir="auto" | Russian language, post-Soviet states Russian Cyrillic (Russian) rus .su xn--mgbca7dzdo dir="auto" | .ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Arabic Arabic Abū Ẓabī .abudhabi xn--ngbrx dir="auto" | .عرب Arab Arabic Arabic ‘Arab Brand and corporate top-level domains ====================================================================== * Name: DNS name * Entity: company and/or brand * Notes: general remarks * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN) * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..aaa American Automobile Association ..aarp AARP ..abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth) ..abb ABB ..abbott Abbott Laboratories ..abbvie AbbVie ..abc American Broadcasting Company ..accenture Accenture ..aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG ..aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux ..aetna Aetna ..afl Australian Football League ..agakhan Aga Khan Foundation ..aig American International Group ..aigo Aigo ..airbus Airbus ..airtel Bharti Airtel ..akdn Aga Khan Foundation ..alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo) ..alibaba Alibaba Group ..alipay Alibaba Group ..allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft ..allstate Allstate ..ally Ally Financial ..alstom Alstom |.amazon |Amazon ..americanexpress American Express ..amex American Express ..amica Amica Mutual Insurance ..android Google (Android) ..anz Australia & New Zealand Banking Group ..aol AOL ..apple Apple ..aquarelle Aquarelle.com Group ..aramco Aramco ..audi Audi ..auspost Australia Post ..aws Amazon Web Services ..axa Axa ..azure Microsoft ..baidu Baidu ..bananarepublic Gap (Banana Republic) ..barclaycard Barclays ..barclays Barclays ..basketball FIBA ..bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH ..bbc BBC ..bbt BB&T ..bbva Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria ..bcg Boston Consulting Group ..bentley Bentley ..bharti Bharti Enterprises ..bing Microsoft (Bing) ..blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG ..bloomberg Bloomberg ..bms Bristol-Myers Squibb ..bmw BMW ..bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro ..bnpparibas BNP Paribas ..boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim ..bond Bond University Later became a gTLD on 26 November 2019 ..booking Booking.com ..bosch Robert Bosch GmbH ..bostik Bostik ..bradesco Bradesco ..bridgestone Bridgestone ..brother Brother Industries ..bugatti Bugatti ..cal Google (Google Calendar) ..calvinklein PVH ..canon Canon ..capitalone Capital One ..caravan Caravan International ..cartier Richemont DNS ..cba Commonwealth Bank ..cbn Christian Broadcasting Network ..cbre CBRE Group ..cbs CBS ..cern CERN ..cfa CFA Institute ..chanel Chanel ..chase Chase Bank ..chintai ..chrome Google (Google Chrome) ..chrysler Chrysler ..cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl ..cisco Cisco Systems ..citadel Citadel Domain ..citi Citigroup ..citic CITIC Group ..clubmed Club Med ..comcast Comcast ..commbank Commonwealth Bank ..creditunion CUNA Performance Resources ..crown Crown Equipment Corporation ..crs Federated Co-operatives (Co-Operative Retailing System) |.csc |DXC Technology ..cuisinella Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) ..dabur Dabur ..datsun Nissan (Datsun) ..dealer Dealer Dot Com ..dell Dell ..deloitte Deloitte ..delta Delta Air Lines ..dhl Deutsche Post ..discover Discover Financial Services ..dish Dish Network ..dnp Dai Nippon Printing ..dodge Chrysler (Dodge) ..dunlop Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Dunlop Tyres) ..dupont DuPont ..dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung ..edeka Edeka ..emerck Merck Group ..epson Seiko Epson ..ericsson Ericsson ..erni ERNI Group Holding AG ..esurance Esurance ..etisalat Etisalat ..eurovision European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision) ..everbank EverBank ..extraspace Extra Space Storage ..fage Fage ..fairwinds FairWinds Partners ..farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange ..fedex FedEx ..ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari) ..ferrero Ferrero ..fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ..fidelity Fidelity Investments ..firestone Bridgestone ..firmdale Firmdale Holdings ..flickr Yahoo! (Flickr) ..flir FLIR Systems ..flsmidth FLSmidth ..ford Ford ..fox Fox Broadcasting Company ..fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH ..forex Dotforex Registry Ltd ..frogans OP3FT Solely for use by the Frogans technology ..frontier Frontier Communications ..fujitsu Fujitsu ..fujixerox Fuji Xerox ..gallo E & J Gallo Winery ..gallup Gallup ..gap Gap ..gbiz Google ..gea GEA Group ..genting Genting Group ..giving Giving Limited ..gle Google ..globo Grupo Globo ..gmail Google (Gmail) ..gmo GMO Internet ..gmx 1&1 Mail & Media (GMX, Global Message Exchange) ..godaddy Go Daddy ..goldpoint Yodobashi Camera ..goodyear Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company ..goog Google ..google Google ..grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC ..guardian Guardian Life Insurance Company of America ..gucci Gucci ..hbo HBO ..hdfc Housing Development Finance Corporation ..hdfcbank HDFC Bank ..hermes Hermès ..hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical ..hitachi Hitachi ..hkt Hong Kong Telecom ..honda Honda ..honeywell Honeywell ..hotmail Microsoft (Hotmail) ..hsbc HSBC ..hughes Hughes Network Systems ..hyatt Hyatt ..hyundai Hyundai Motor Company ..ibm IBM ..ieee Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers ..ifm ifm electronic gmbh ..ikano Ikano ..imdb Amazon (IMDb) ..infiniti Nissan (Infiniti) ..intel Intel ..intuit Intuit ..ipiranga Ipiranga ..iselect iSelect ..itau Itaú Unibanco ..itv ITV ..iveco CNH Industrial (Iveco) ..jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Oracle (Java) ..jcb JCB ..jcp JCP Media ..jeep Chrysler (Jeep) ..jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase ..juniper Juniper Networks ..kddi KDDI ..kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited ..kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited ..kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited ..kfh Kuwait Finance House ..kia Kia Motors Corporation ..kinder Ferrero (Kinder Surprise) ..kindle Amazon (Amazon Kindle) ..komatsu Komatsu ..kpmg KPMG ..kred KredTLD ..kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited ..lacaixa Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona ..ladbrokes Ladbrokes ..lamborghini Lamborghini ..lancaster Lancaster (Coty) ..lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia) ..lancome L'Oréal ..landrover Jaguar Land Rover ..lanxess Lanxess ..lasalle JLL ..latrobe La Trobe University ..lds The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) |.leclerc |E.Leclerc | ..lego Lego Group ..liaison Liaison Technologies ..lexus Toyota (Lexus) ..lidl Lidl | ..lilly Eli Lilly & Company ..lincoln Ford (Lincoln) ..linde Linde ..lipsy Lipsy Ltd ..lixil Lixil Group ..locus Locus Analytics ..lotte Lotte Holdings ..lpl LPL Financial ..lplfinancial LPL Financial ..lundbeck Lundbeck ..lupin Lupin Limited ..macys Macy's ..maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) ..man MAN ..mango Mango ..marriott Marriott International ..maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati) ..mattel Mattel ..mckinsey McKinsey & Company ..metlife MetLife ..microsoft Microsoft ..mini BMW (Mini) ..mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology ..mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation ..mlb MLB Advanced Media ..mma MMA IARD ..monash Monash University ..mormon The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) ..moto Motorola ..movistar Telefónica (Movistar) ..msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. ..mtn MTN ..mtr MTR Corporation ..mutual Northwestern Mutual ..nadex Nadex ..nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company ..natura Natura & Co ..nba National Basketball Association ..nec NEC ..netflix Netflix ..neustar Neustar ..newholland CNH Industrial (New Holland Agriculture, New Holland Construction) ..nfl National Football League ..nhk NHK ..nico Dwango (Niconico) ..nike Nike ..nikon Nikon ..nissan Nissan ..nissay Nippon Life ..nokia Nokia ..northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual ..norton NortonLifeLock ..nra National Rifle Association of America ..ntt Nippon Telegraph & Telephone ..obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA ..office Microsoft (Microsoft Office) ..omega Swatch Group (Omega) ..oracle Oracle ..orange Orange ..otsuka Otsuka Pharmaceutical ..ovh OVH ..panasonic Panasonic ..pccw PCCW ..pfizer Pfizer ..philips Philips ..piaget Piaget ..pictet Pictet ..ping Ping ..pioneer Pioneer Corporation ..play Google (Google Play) ..playstation Sony (PlayStation) ..pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung (founder Reinfried Pohl) ..politie Politie Nederland ..praxi Praxi ..prod Google (products) ..progressive Progressive Corporation ..pru Prudential Financial ..prudential Prudential Financial ..pwc PwC ..quest Quest Software ..qvc QVC ..redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co ..reliance Reliance Industries ..rexroth Robert Bosch GmbH ..ricoh Ricoh ..rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology ..rocher Ferrero (Ferrero Rocher) ..rogers Rogers Communications ..rwe RWE ..safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. ..sakura ..samsung Samsung SDS ..sandvik Sandvik ..sandvikcoromant Sandvik Coromant ..sanofi Sanofi |.sap |SAP ..saxo Saxo Bank ..sbi State Bank of India ..sbs Special Broadcasting Service Later became a gTLD on 15 June 2021 ..sca Svenska Cellulosa ..scb Siam Commercial Bank ..schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies ..schmidt Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt) ..schwarz Schwarz Gruppe ..scjohnson S. C. Johnson & Son ..scor SCOR ..seat SEAT ..sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. ..ses SES ..sew SEW Eurodrive ..seven Seven West Media ..sfr SFR ..seek Seek ..shangrila Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts ..sharp Sharp Corporation ..shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. ..shell Shell ..shriram Shriram Capital ..sina Sina Corp ..sky Sky Group ..skype Microsoft (Skype) ..smart Smart Communications ..sncf SNCF ..softbank SoftBank ..sohu Sohu ..sony Sony ..spiegel Der Spiegel ..stada Stada Arzneimittel ..staples Staples ..star Disney Star ..starhub StarHub ..statebank State Bank of India ..statefarm State Farm ..statoil Statoil ..stc Saudi Telecom Company ..stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company ..suzuki Suzuki ..swatch Swatch Group ..swiftcover Swiftcover ..symantec Gen Digital ..taobao Alibaba Group (Taobao) ..target Target ..tatamotors Tata Motors ..tdk TDK ..telecity TelecityGroup ..telefonica Telefónica ..temasek Temasek Holdings ..teva Teva Pharmaceuticals ..tiffany Tiffany & Co. ..tjx TJX Companies ..toray Toray Industries ..toshiba Toshiba ..total Total ..toyota Toyota ..travelchannel | ..travelers Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies) ..tui TUI ..tvs T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited ..ubs UBS ..unicom China Unicom ..uol Universo Online Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet. ..ups United Parcel Service ..vanguard Vanguard Group ..verisign VeriSign ..vig Vienna Insurance Group ..viking Viking River Cruises ..virgin Virgin Group ..visa Visa ..vista Vistaprint ..vistaprint Vistaprint ..vivo Telefónica Brasil ..volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America ..volvo Volvo ..walmart Walmart ..walter Sandvik ..weatherchannel IBM (The Weather Company) ..weber Saint-Gobain ..weir Weir Group ..williamhill William Hill ..windows Microsoft (Microsoft Windows) ..wme Endeavor ..wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer ..woodside Woodside Petroleum ..wtc World Trade Centers Association ..xbox Microsoft Xbox ..xerox Fuji Xerox ..xfinity Comcast ..yahoo Yahoo! ..yamaxun Amazon (Amazon China) ..yandex Yandex ..yodobashi Yodobashi Camera ..youtube Google (YouTube) ..zappos Amazon (Zappos) ..zara Inditex (Zara) ..zippo Zippo Internationalized brand top-level domains ====================================================================== !DNS name !! IDN TLD !! Entity !! Script !! Transliteration !! Comments !! DNSSEC xn--mgba3a3ejt .ارامكو Aramco Services Company Arabic xn--mgbaakc7dvf .اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) Arabic xn--8y0a063a .联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited Chinese (Simplified) Liántōng xn--6frz82g .移动 China Mobile Communications Corporation Chinese (Simplified) Yídòng xn--fiq64b .中信 CITIC Group Chinese zhōngxìn xn--5su34j936bgsg .香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited Chinese Xiānggélǐlā xn--b4w605ferd .淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited Chinese (Simplified) Dànmǎxī xn--3oq18vl8pn36a .大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. Chinese (Simplified) Dàzhòngqìchē xn--vermgensberater-ctb .vermögensberater Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft Latin xn--vermgensberatung-pwb .vermögensberatung Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft Latin |white-space:nobreak| xn--qcka1pmc .グーグル Google Katakana gūguru xn--flw351e .谷歌 Google Chinese gǔgē xn--estv75g .工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Chinese Gōngháng xn--w4rs40l .嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited Chinese Jiālǐ xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra .嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited Chinese Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn xn--kcrx77d1x4a .飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Chinese (Simplified) Fēilìpǔ xn--jlq61u9w7b .诺基亚 Nokia Corporation Chinese (Simplified) Nuòjīyà xn--fzys8d69uvgm .電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited Chinese (Traditional) din6 soen3 jing4 fo1 xn--cg4bki .삼성 Samsung Hangul samseong Special-Use Domains ====================================================================== ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names. !Name !Entity Notes !IDN !DNSSEC ..example Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example. (example.com, example.net, and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.) ..invalid Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work. ..local Local network. Must be used with multicast DNS (mDNS). ..localhost Points back to own computer. ..onion Connection to the Tor network. ..test Meant for testing DNS software. Non-IANA domains ====================================================================== Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes. [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] proposals for local TLDs ============================================================== The IETF has submitted several request for comments on TLDs that could be used to represent local devices and services. !Name !RFC !Notes |.home.arpa |RFC 8375 A special-use domain for non-unique use in residential home networks. |.internal rowspan="6" |RFC 6762 Appendix G |ICANN has also proposed this to be a Top-Level Domain String for Private Use. |.intranet rowspan="2" |The IETF does not recommend use of unregistered top-level domains at all, but should network operators decide to do this, the following top-level domains have been used on private internal networks without the problems caused by trying to reuse ".local" for this purpose. |.private |.corp rowspan="2" |Mentioned by ICANN for causing a name collision. |.home |.lan |Many routers automatically append ".lan" to local device hostnames, including those that use OpenWrt. Blockchain-registered ======================= Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Often times, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses. Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them !Name !Blockchain !Notes |N/A |Handshake |Handshake is both an alternative DNS root zone and a domain name-centric blockchain meant for managing TLDs in a decentralized way which allows virtually any domain to be registered as a TLD by end users. The project intends to be a more resilient and distributed implementation of the global root zone without needing a centralized organization, like ICANN, to manage or operate it. Though it doesn't aim to outright replace the existing root zone, as it reserves all existing TLDs so that a query for 'wikipedia.org', for example, that is sent to a Handshake node can be redirected to the traditional root. ..eth Ethereum |Domains under the '.eth' TLD are primarily used as human-readable aliases to Ethereum wallet addresses, rather than IP addresses, though some efforts into expanding the use of '.eth' into the traditional DNS space have been made. ..crypto, .zil Ethereum, Zilliqa |Both '.crypto' and '.zil' aim to make cryptocurrency wallet address resolution easier, with the exception that, unlike the other examples mentioned here, the two TLDs are the product of a for-profit company, Unstoppable Domains, that markets the domains as an alternative DNS root despite being entirely dependent on the traditional root zone. ..bit Namecoin |Namecoin's '.bit' TLD technically operates as a single-domain DNS root, though has historically peered with the OpenNIC root zone to provide greater accessibility. The popularity and usage of '.bit' domains is much lower than the other projects mentioned, despite it being the earliest example. This is primarily due to the negative reputation Namecoin has garnered after '.bit' domains became popular for sharing and distributing illegal or illicit content such as malware, which ultimately prompted OpenNIC to end its peering agreement and stop serving the TLD in its root zone in 2018. Alternate roots ================= In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone. !Name !Root !Notes |N/A |Handshake |The list of registered TLDs on the Handshake blockchain is too large and dynamic to enumerate here. ..bbs .chan .cyb .dyn .geek .gopher .indy .libre .neo .null .o .oss ..oz .parody .pirate OpenNIC ..fur FurNIC ..lib .coin .emc .bazar Emercoin ..ku .te .ti .uu .ko .rm New Nations See also ====================================================================== * Top-level domain * Country code top-level domain * Generic top-level domain * IDN Test TLDs * ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on * Proposed top-level domain * Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, ..co.nf, etc. * Public Suffix List External links ====================================================================== * [https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081117190806/https://www.isc.org/solutions/survey The Internet Domain Survey] * [https://publicsuffix.org The Public Suffix List / PSL - Maintained by Mozilla] * [https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registries/registries-agreements-en Registry Agreements] at ICANN * [https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/gtld-registry-agreement-termination-2015-10-09-en Registry Agreement Termination Info Page] at ICANN License ========= All content on Gopherpedia comes from Wikipedia, and is licensed under CC-BY-SA License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Original Article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains .