[HN Gopher] Frances Allen has died ___________________________________________________________________ Frances Allen has died Author : ntumlin Score : 691 points Date : 2020-08-05 23:46 UTC (23 hours ago) (HTM) web link (www.ibm.com) (TXT) w3m dump (www.ibm.com) | brian_herman__ wrote: | I'm glad we got a black bar for her. | jzig wrote: | Why doesn't the black bar link to the related submission? | RankingMember wrote: | That's a great idea | tus88 wrote: | That's too Web 2.0 for HN XD | filereaper wrote: | @dang can we get a black bar in her honor? | LargoLasskhyfv wrote: | signed. | hardwaregeek wrote: | I'd recommend reading her interview in Coders At Work. I never | realized that compilers were already a flourishing field by the | time C came around, and that C actually ended up having some | negative effects in compiler dev. | wglb wrote: | It was more that C hindered optimization research. The | interview was awesome as you said. | sitkack wrote: | C and Unix hindered a whole lot. It was the PHP of its day. | martinlaz wrote: | Nice analogy. Although it's very unlikely that PHP will | ever be as highly regarded as are C and Unix today. | tomsmeding wrote: | I wanted to say that C is not really very highly regarded | nowadays, but that only adds extra php-directed snark to | your post, which is not wholly a bad thing. | wglb wrote: | I am struggling to understand your analogy here? | gavreh wrote: | Looks like a great book, will read - thanks for the | recommendation. | nthomas wrote: | Fran gave a talk when I interned at TJ Watson one summer. Her | stories of the early days of compilers were beyond fascinating | and made it clear how much we all now were just building on ideas | they established decades ago. | | Later, my wife was the first to receive the IBM PhD fellowship | established in Fran's honor. Fran awarded it to her at a | conference (Grace Hopper I think) and of course was gracious, | offering to help as your career moved forward. Thankful for that | investment in our future. | chaostheory wrote: | Going on a tangent, I think most of us missed Bill English's | passing a few days ago since I think because people only noticed | it on the weekend when there are less HN users active. | dang wrote: | It was mentioned in this article: | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24059231, but not in an | obvious way. | sanxiyn wrote: | Frances Allen wrote "A Catalogue of Optimizing Transformations" | in 1971. 50 years(!!!) later, they are still the backbone of | optimizing compilers. I think the only major thing missing is | autovectorization. | | She was in her 30s when she wrote it. | sanxiyn wrote: | I think you should read it if you work on compilers, even now. | But the reason is a bit different. | | It was the survey of the state of the art at the time, but | obviously it is not the state of the art now. Then why should | you read it? Because it is written in two layers. | | The first layer goes, we tried many optimization ideas, but | only these were effective in practice: inlining, register | allocation, etc. Others were not. Surprisingly, this layer is | still mostly true today! This is both happy and sad depending | on your view. Personally I think it testifies that compiler is | a mature field, and it matured by 1970. (And that Frances Allen | did lion's share of work maturing it.) | | The second layer is, so here is how you should do inlining, | register allocation, etc. While this layer is also full of | gems, it is necessarily badly outdated. The paper predates | graph coloring register allocation, for example. On the other | hand, ironically, the state of the art 1970s algorithms are | often a good choice today when you want an algorithm that is | fast and low memory. (Ironic, because they were slow and high | memory at the time!) This doesn't apply when there is an | important new concern, for example cache locality, but happily | it mostly doesn't affect compiler. | | I think there should be a project to write the-state-of-the- | art-in-1970s compiler. It would be a great simple and minimal | alternative to GCC and LLVM, and it would also work great as a | JIT code generator. We probably should name it Fran. | titzer wrote: | I agree with most of your comment but I don't agree that | compilers was a mature field by 1970. That was before SSA, | graph coloring register allocation, and even linear scan, all | three of which were pretty revolutionary. | | I saw her 2007 Turing Award speech. I have tremendous respect | for Fran and like your idea to name a codegen after her :-) | mpweiher wrote: | Maybe I should call the backend for Objective-S Fran :-) | | > graph coloring register allocation | | I knew some people working on linear optimization, at the | time one of the most performance-intensive applications | around (with real money/competitiveness in many industries | riding on it). The compiler that produced the best code, by | quite a bit, was the IBM FORTRAN compiler (3090 was the | preferred target at the time), which also didn't do graph | coloring. It just allocated the registers by loops from | innermost to outermost. | | -\\_(tsu)_/-\ | | For a simple compiler, we should also look at Wirth's works, | and Wirth's rule: an optimization has to pay for itself, that | is, the compiler compiling itself with the optimization both | in the executable and in the source code has to be faster | than without it in both places. | sitkack wrote: | > On the other hand, ironically, the state of the art 1970s | algorithms are often a good choice today when you want an | algorithm that is fast and low memory. | | Simple things can run at higher speeds than complex things. | Simplicity should be an architectural element, not a quality, | but a feature. | | Your idea for the Fran compiler is excellent. Throw in METAII | from Dewey Schorre and it can be language agnostic. | raverbashing wrote: | Did the concept of SIMD even exist in 1971? | p_l wrote: | Flynn's taxonomy was codified in 1966 | sanxiyn wrote: | Vector processors date from 1960s, but the neceesary | techniques for loop analysis (using Fourier-Motzkin method) | was not found till 1990s. | tjalfi wrote: | I think you are mistaken about this. | | Vectorizing compilers have been around since at least the | late 1970s; the Cray 1[0] had a vectorizing compiler in | 1978. | | Lamport's Parallel Execution of DO Loops[1] was published | in 1974. | | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-1#Software | | [1] http://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/do-loops.pdf | amw-zero wrote: | I can't think of any noteworthy idea in computing that didn't | exist in 1971. | tjalfi wrote: | VLIWs[0] and trace scheduling[1] were both from the early | 1980s. | | Dependence analysis, automatic vectorization, and automatic | parallelization were invented after 1971. | | Fast algorithms for computing dominators[2] were late-70s. | | Graph coloring register allocators were introduced in the | early 1980s. | | [0] | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_long_instruction_word | | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_scheduling | | [2] | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominator_(graph_theory) | sli wrote: | I definitely do not have the chops for this, but I would | love to see some sort of visualization that traces major, | seemingly-modern computing ideas to their roots. | derefr wrote: | The Single Static Assignment form was only created in 1988, | which is apparently so late that compilers are still | discovering it (and the optimizations it enables) as some | novelty today. | | (Never even mind the Single Static Information form.) | | I wonder if part of the reason SSA is not implemented from | the start by many compilers, is precisely because it came | too late to be included in seminal works like _A Catalogue | of Optimizing Transformations_ ; so people that rely on | those works as a canon of "classes of optimization | techniques that work" won't even be aware of it. | | ----- | | More snarky: the earliest dataflow analysis paper I can | find is from 1972. :) | aidenn0 wrote: | I think SSA is not implemented from the start by many | compilers is because many compilers are 30+ years old. | | More seriously, my recollection (having been about 20 | years since I last took a compilers course) is that it | took a while for even researchers to be convinced of the | advantages of SSA, as the transformation causes a | quadratic blowup in code size for the worst case (but it | turns out to be less in real-world cases). | | Also Sussman & Steele proposed CPS in 1975 which is | closely related to SSA. | derefr wrote: | A 30-year-old compiler would still have come out in 1990, | well after SSA-based optimizations were discovered. But | maybe I'm expecting too much in thinking that the author | of a flagship optimizing compiler should be up-to-date on | CS research in compiler optimization, before deciding the | architecture of their compiler. | | (Also, plenty of the compilers and/or JITs that I'm | talking about are far newer. The first attempt to get a | JVM to use SSA optimization during JIT -- within SafeTSA | -- only occurred in 2000. Such an approach was copied by | pretty much every JVM implementation by 2005, suggesting | that a legacy of incompatible architecture was never the | problem, but rather that JVM implementors just didn't | think it was a worthwhile technique until they saw it | demonstrated for their particular workloads.) | | CPS is closely _theoretically_ related to SSA (it carries | equivalent information across lexical boundaries) but CPS | isn 't a basis for optimization transforms in the same | way that SSA is. You can't hoist loop invariants using | CPS... as far as I know, at least. | titzer wrote: | > But maybe I'm expecting too much in thinking that the | author of a flagship optimizing compiler should be up-to- | date on CS research in compiler optimization, before | deciding the architecture of their compiler. | | In 1990 I don't think SSA was broadly considered to be | the basis of a good optimizing compiler the way it is | today. So the "author of a flagship optimizing compiler" | would be gambling on an unknown that looked good in a | couple new papers. The Cytron paper on how to efficiently | compute it came out in 1991. So SSA was still a WIP. | | It wasn't really until the late 1990s IMO, that SSA | became widespread and into the 2000s when it became the | standard. | dboreham wrote: | Agree. I worked on MIMD systems in the 1980s that seemed | cutting edge at the time. Then in 2001 I toured the | Concrete, ND phased array radar facility where I saw a | 16-cpu machine built by Western Electric in 1969 that had | essentially the same architecture. | rudedogg wrote: | Link to the paper: | https://www.clear.rice.edu/comp512/Lectures/Papers/1971-alle... | sitkack wrote: | :( | | Optimizing Compilers for Parallel Computers, lecture by Frances | E. Allen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv-wXcUxrmE | | Frances Allen, 2006, ACM A.M. Turing Award Lecture, "Compiling | for Performance: A Personal Tour" | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjoU-MjCws4 | musicale wrote: | She also spoke at the acm turing100 symposium in 2012. | | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLTUvFboveM | tombert wrote: | This is absolutely worthy of a black bar. | | I read one of Frances' papers on compiler optimization, and while | some of it went over my head, it was still valuable information; | the world is a sadder place without her. | abegnoche wrote: | My brain read the title as "France Had Aliens" which I was really | curious to read. Thanks brain. | jolux wrote: | Wish we could get the black bar up. | relaunched wrote: | I'd love to see a black banner / bar in her honor. | fb03 wrote: | I am rooting for this also. | ixtli wrote: | I'd agree. I read an optimization paper by her in college. | hardwaregeek wrote: | Agreed. Any Turing Award laureate, let alone the first female | Turing Award laureate, deserves a black banner | scott31 wrote: | > Any Turing Award laureate deserves a black banner | | Except for Tim Berners-Lee, who tries to make the web a | proprietary platform | dang wrote: | " _Eschew flamebait. Don 't introduce flamewar topics | unless you have something genuinely new to say. Avoid | unrelated controversies and generic tangents._" | | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html | kitd wrote: | Ok, I'll bite. | | Why? | scott31 wrote: | I don't know why he is doing that, probably money | kitd wrote: | I meant why do you think he's trying to make the web | proprietary. | | AFAICS he's doing the exact opposite: | | https://contractfortheweb.org/ | scott31 wrote: | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14720591 | kitd wrote: | So no black banner because you can't torrent someone | else's hard work. | anotherevan wrote: | As an aside, when there is a black bar, I would also love it to | link to the reason it is there. | yardshop wrote: | Even just a "title" attribute with the name of the person | being honored would help sometimes. | paublyrne wrote: | That's a nice idea, like how Google doodles link to some | background information. | DoreenMichele wrote: | First female IBM fellow. | | First female winner of the Turing Award. | | Lots of other notable stuff. | | Sadly, this is the first I've heard of her. Hopefully all that | means is I'm not a real programmer. | | Edit: To be clear, I really meant "I hope other people here are | familiar with her work, even though I am not because I'm not a | real programmer." I'm happy to see that some people are, in fact, | familiar with her and her work. | globular-toast wrote: | Interesting. If you search for "died" on HN in the last month, | say, you'll find many examples. Most have 0 or 1 comments, many | have around the same as this has now, but none are about it | being sad to not have heard about that person. Any idea why | this one in particular made you feel that way? | DoreenMichele wrote: | Many years ago, I had a good friend named Frances who | lamented the fact that people generally could not keep it | straight that Frances is a girl's name and Francis is a boy's | name. Rembering that friend, I clicked on the link to check | the gender because people don't always follow the rules about | such things and because I was short of sleep and wondering if | I was even remembering that correctly. | | Given my reason for clicking the link, I believe it's the | first time I've seen her mentioned on HN. I likely would have | clicked on any article with the name _Frances_ in the title | and remembered the name if I had ever seen it before. | | Because I'm a woman, I actively keep my eye out for female | role models. I have a fairly strong math background (for the | world at large -- not for the HN crowd) and spent some time | looking up info on Maryam Mirzakhani, the first female Fields | Medalist, and even blogged about it at the time. | | Given my interest in female role models and my personal | association with the name Frances, I think I would have known | the name had I ever seen it before. It would have likely | stuck with me. | | I've been here eleven years. It seems I've never seen her | name before. And, in fact, if you search for it, it comes up | (in the titles section, as part of a description, not really | a title) only once ten years ago (until the past 24 hours). | | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=frances+allen | LargoLasskhyfv wrote: | She has been mentioned in comments before. Mostly in the | context of compiler optimization, programming models, the | history of C vs. other programming languages as systems | programming language, and so on. Mostly an excerpt from a | book where she said in an interview something along the | lines of "We had such good things, and then came C..." | (implying we lost the good things(with C)) | DoreenMichele wrote: | Yes, I'm aware. But it's a really large forum with a lot | of traffic and I'm not a programmer, so those comments | are less likely to be read by me than titles. | LargoLasskhyfv wrote: | Maybe it's also because for most in the industry it | amounts to sacrilege. | | edit: Nothing to speak about, hush, hush, otherwise the | emperors new clothes ... | kbenson wrote: | > the fact that people generally could not keep it straight | that Frances is a girl's name and Francis is a boy's name. | | I literally just looked it up, because I wasn't sure. The | simple rule presented is that if it's Franc _e_ s with an e | like in "her", then it's the name historically used for | women, and if it's Franc _i_ s with an i like in "him" then | it's the name historically used for men. | | It truly is a shame that the farther you go back in | computer science, the more likely names whose traditional | gendering is somewhat ambiguous are to refer to women, and | how now that luminaries of the field are passing away, how | much more even the field was between the sexes in the past. | | We often talk about how we need to bring more women into | the field of Computer Science, but I think it's important | to note we're trying to bring them _back_ into the field, | because they were here from the beginning and it wouldn 't | be the same without their contributions. | DoreenMichele wrote: | They've now added the black bar and substantive comments | about her work are finally at the top of the discussion | (instead of my relatively vacuous remark). I'm happy to | see her getting a proper send off appropriate to her | level of contributions to the field. | | I think this isn't really the time or place to get into | gender issues and the field of Computer Science, | especially not for me. I see things very different from | most other people here and that makes communication | challenging. | | In this case, that would amount to a terrible derail from | the focus on honoring the work and life of Frances Allen. | kbenson wrote: | > I think this isn't really the time or place to get into | gender issues and the field of Computer Science | | It's worth noting that, according to the article, Frances | Allen actually spent some time focusing on exactly that. | | _As important as distinguishing her work in the world of | computing and programming, Fran was also committed to her | team by embracing their ideas and synergies and, in | particular, supporting women. She spent many years as a | mentor through IBM's mentor program._ | | ...and later... | | _"Professionally, Fran spent a lifetime working to | advance the field of computing and pioneer new | breakthroughs. Personally, she was equally focused on | inspiring and motivating young people - especially women | - to do the same," said Fran's nephew, Ryan McKee, on the | IEEE honor._ | | So I imagine she would be quite happy to have the topic | brought up (at least in a positive manner) in discussion | of her life and career. | | That said, I brought that up to highlight her | achievements and character, not to bring you into that | conversation if you don't want to be in it, which is your | choice, and I can see avoiding that topic as a useful | strategy if you think it can't or won't be handled | appropriately by the people involved. As such, don't feel | compelled to respond about any of that if you don't want | to. :) | | Edit: It occurs to me now you might have been referring | to something entirely different than I thought, in which | case I wasn't trying to bring anything of that into the | discussion at all, and my wording was purely an attempt | to avoid that type of discussion as well. | DoreenMichele wrote: | The elephant in the room is that I'm probably the highest | ranked woman on HN. This is likely a large part of why my | relatively vacuous remark was the top comment for some | hours. I know from past public remarks and private emails | that some people here look to me for guidance on gender | issues. | | I've given my guidance for this issue today: We are here | to honor the life and work of Frances Allen. Everyone | please, kindly, focus on that and don't be offended that | I'm trying to step away from the discussion at this | point. | rvz wrote: | > you'll find many examples | | For example: [0] | | > Any idea why this one in particular made you feel that way? | | Perhaps there's something to do with the fame of the person? | | It's difficult to say but it appears that the implicit HN | 'criteria' for this is in computer science is to at least be | famous enough to be an ACM Turing Award winner. Maybe this is | why the reception to the death of another fellow computer | scientist and engineer was low. [0] | | Nevertheless, they are both worthy of the HN black bar to | recognise their achievements to computer science. But I would | expect to see a black bar for Frances Allen's passing but | unfortunately not for Bill English. | | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24032820 | CarbyAu wrote: | And it doesn't mean even that. | | Many worthwhile people in the world. Not all of them are famous | to the people who would love to know them. | | At least we can both get to know her more starting now. | grappler wrote: | That sounds like black bar level stuff | belorn wrote: | I create programs professionally and I know very few winner of | the Turing Award by name. If someone said "who was the first | native-English speaking Turing Award winner" I would not be | able to answer unless I went through each winner and manually | checked. I suspect quite few programmers in the world (and | people on HN) are familiar enough with Turing Award winners | that they can answer questions like that. | | I would guess that people who work on building compilers and | compiler optimization are more likely to know her name than | programmers. | mumblemumble wrote: | > Hopefully all that means is I'm not a real programmer. | | Sadly, no, it's not just that. Most my immediate colleagues, | for example, don't know of her or her work, either. It's one | heck of a field. | | She had expressed some dismay, in interviews, at being the | first woman to win the Turing Award. Not the Turing Award part, | of course, the "first woman" part. She was far from being the | first deserving candidate who didn't happen to be a dude. So I | hope she wouldn't mind linking this here, even today: | https://www.hillelwayne.com/important-women-in-cs/ | pmiller2 wrote: | Yeah. If anything, I would say it means they're not a "real | computer scientist," whatever that means. | | Just to put the second part of your comment in perspective, | there have only been 3 female winners of the Turing award, | total, by my count. | dspillett wrote: | _> a "real computer scientist," whatever that means_ | | At university we would say that computer science was the | art, where programming was the craft[1]. It is probably | fairer to state that programming is an application of the | science. | | [1] Though with less of a sneery tone than used when people | said "mathematics is the art where computer science is the | craft" | mumblemumble wrote: | I think that this might be exploring the analogy's | breaking point. | | It can be quite easy to draw a clean line between | theoreticians and implementors in other fields. | Biologists and veterinarians, physicists and engineers, | etc. But who was the last major computer science | theoretician who wasn't also a skilled programmer or | system architect (or both)? Alonzo Church? | segfaultbuserr wrote: | After looking through all the Turing Award winners, my | answer is Stephen Cook - a CS mathematician who did | nothing on engineering, discovered the concept of NP- | completeness. | [deleted] | formerly_proven wrote: | There's a weird gap in that lineup in that practically every | person on that list is pretty old (born in the 30s-40s) and | their achievements usually date from around the 70s. | | Is this just because achievements are usually recognized in | retrospect, or is this because the 50s to 70s were the most | influential portion of computer science (since all | groundbreaking things were discovered in the beginning), or | is this because women were pushed out more and more by the | 70s? | graycat wrote: | Fran and I were on the same floor at IBM's Watson lab. I was in | an AI project doing applied math, e.g., some optimization, and | mathematical statistics (for the AI work we were doing, system | monitoring, i.e., anomaly detection, better than our AI work!). | She was regarded as a major expert in compiling and numerical | codes for scientific computing. | | I heard that she was working on a software product that among | many other things would do fast matrix multiplication using some | parallelism. | | So, just for the heck of it, I wrote and ran a little routine in | PL/I that used PL/I's feature of multi-tasking to get some | parallelism and showed my code to her. She was a little surprised | I'd written the code, had a smile, and explained why her work | closer to some hardware features (I don't recall the details) | would be faster! | | I wasn't surprised or disappointed that my little PL/I tasking | code would be slower than what she was doing, but at least I got | her to explain the hardware she was using and how she was | exploiting it! | | As I recall, she was married to Jack Schwartz at Courant | Institute of NYU and as in | | Nelson Dunford and Jacob T. Schwartz, _Linear Operators_. | jameshart wrote: | I'm sure you are just trying to share a memory of interacting | with an illustrious colleague here - and my sympathies go to | you as it's always a shock to learn of the passing of someone | you worked with. | | But I think you maybe need to work on how you present this | anecdote - as it is, it reads like you tried to mansplain her | own research to a Turing Award winner. I hope you approached | with more humility than this telling suggests? | | Also, you should be aware that contextualizing professional | women in terms of who their husband is or what his credentials | are has long been used to underplay women's individual | achievements. Again, I don't think that's your intent, but you | could consider whether, in the case of talking about Jacob | Schwartz, you would have been moved to drop in the detail of | who he was married to? | tkeeler wrote: | Why is there an assumption that graycat is male? Was there an | indication of gender? | LukeShu wrote: | Not who you're responding to, but: My assumption was that | the user is _the_ greycat, which is the well-known alias of | the programmer Greg Wooledge. | | Now that you call it out, I realize that it's probably a | mistaken assumption, because Greg spells it "greycat" not | "graycat". But it wasn't an unreasonable assumption for HN. | selimthegrim wrote: | He has discussed his wife as well as being a male in | graduate school in the past. | dang wrote: | " _Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation | of what someone says, not a weaker one that 's easier to | criticize. Assume good faith._" | | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html | | graycat's comment contains several details that go against | your interpretation. For example the fact that Fran "had a | smile" and patiently explained to him why his "little PL/I | routine" would be slower than her state-of-the-art | optimization work is clearly intended to depict the narrator | as naive, and Fran as the expert. The mention of PL/I means | that this anecdote likely took place fifty years ago, decades | before she became a Turing Award winner. And the story makes | it perfectly clear who ended up being the explainer and who | the explainee. Indeed, that seems to be its main point. | | As for the marriage bit, the strongest plausible | interpretation is simply that it's interesting. Anyone | familiar with computer science history would be interested to | find out that the two of them had been married, and certainly | that goes both ways: an anecdote about Schwartz would be | enhanced by mentioning his marriage to a famous compiler | optimization researcher. Indeed, it's not hard to find web | pages about Schwartz that do this. | | I don't think your points are entirely ungrounded, but they | weren't the most plausible or good-faith reading of the | comment. The cost of introducing an ideological scolding into | a discussion like this is non-zero, so there needs to be a | bar to clear. That's one reason why we have that guideline, | which has proven to work well in situations like this: it | leads to scolding for egregious cases, forgiveness for | borderline cases, and open-mindedness in unclear ones. | morelisp wrote: | While I suppose it's possible someone was writing PL/I quite | recently, the more probable option is that this story is from | the late 60s. | samatman wrote: | Imagine you were at Frances Allen's funeral, and you walked | up to graycat, after he told this anecdote about his esteemed | friend and colleague, and said these words to him. | | Imagine the frozen look of disgust on everyone's face. | Imagine the flush of shame coming to your cheeks. | | That's what you did. You should apologize for that. | dang wrote: | Hey, I understand the feeling, but responding like this is | also a move in the online shaming game / callout culture, | and that's what we're trying to avoid here (https://hn.algo | lia.com/?query=online%20shaming%20by%3Adang&s...). | | The irony is that your and jameshart's motivations are | likely similar. You're both reacting to a perceived slight | and standing up for someone who you believe deserved to be | treated better. That's a positive motivation, but we need | to learn to take the shame bit out. Otherwise it just | escalates, and where do we end up? | nothal wrote: | Thank you for being equal-handed and fair. | jecel wrote: | > Again, I don't think that's your intent, but you could | consider whether, in the case of talking about Jacob | Schwartz, you would have been moved to drop in the detail of | who he was married to? | | That is actually very common in my experience when people | talk to me about some guy and they think I might have heard | of his wife. | corford wrote: | >I hope you approached with more humility than this telling | suggests? | | Why the question mark at the end? Are you expecting the | poster to reply for your own benefit or is it that you'd | enjoy seeing him/her apologise publicly for sharing a | personal (and presumably happy, at least to them) memory of a | former work colleague who has just died. A memory that you | have just tortuously construed into a supposed sexist | encouter with literally zero insight, context or knowledge ? | | Perhaps you might wish to consider your own humility. ___________________________________________________________________ (page generated 2020-08-06 23:00 UTC)