[HN Gopher] FAA issuing new rules to allow drones to fly over pe... ___________________________________________________________________ FAA issuing new rules to allow drones to fly over people and at night Author : skanga Score : 102 points Date : 2020-12-28 20:38 UTC (2 hours ago) (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com) (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com) | phkahler wrote: | Does the broadcast ID include location like ADS-B? Also, is it in | the clear? If so, I see both fun and trouble ahead. | clamprecht wrote: | I wish drones could, at least optionally, transmit on ADS-B, | with some "drone" flag. That could help pilots with ADS-B IN a | lot, as long as it was clearly indicated as a drone. | lgats wrote: | Remote ID Executive Summary: | https://www.faa.gov/news/media/attachments/RemoteID_Executiv... | | Remote ID Final Ruling: | https://www.faa.gov/news/media/attachments/RemoteID_Final_Ru... | jmercouris wrote: | This will revolutionize the delivery industry. I imagine trucks | will become mobile drone carriers with drones landing and taking | off with packages as they travel through the city. | brk wrote: | I tend to doubt that happening soon. There are still a lot of | logistical issues to drones flying around trying to deliver | packages to the appropriate locations without a lot of live | human supervision. IMO, this more opens up a potential market | to justify investment in the space to create solutions. | ocdtrekkie wrote: | I have a lot of doubts on the cost/efficiency of this. Keeping | things airborne will always cost a lot more energy than rolling | things around. Ground-based delivery robots make some sense, | air-based ones likely don't. | lumost wrote: | It's likely that the energy cost of drone delivery is a small | fraction of the cost a human delivery driver incurs walking | to a stoop, particularly if one considers the not | insignificant injury risk. | | flight is appealing over ground based drones as one delivery | truck or base station could concurrently service multiple | blocks with lower risk of someone abducting or damaging the | drone. Although in all honesty I'm not sure if weight, range, | carrying capacity, or speed would work out in a compelling | form factor. | pc86 wrote: | You're naive if you think a company is going to take on | increases costs via drone-based deliveries to marginally | decrease delivery driver injury risk. | xnx wrote: | I had the crazy thought that drones ladden with deliveries | could dispatch from the top of a central tall structure (like | a skyscraper or antenna), take advantage of the height | differential to efficiently glide toward their delivery | destination, and then make their return with less weight to | carry. Probably very few locales where this could make sense | compared to automated sidewalk deliveries like Starship. The | speed of the delivery could be astoundingly fast though. | pc86 wrote: | There aren't many warehouses at the top of skyscrapers, | though. | jdironman wrote: | And you have to move not only the drones, but also the | packages to the top. | kreeben wrote: | >> drones ladden with deliveries could dispatch from the | top of a central tall structure | | Wouldn't the cost of elevating the loaded drones to the | rooftop of that tall structure negate any monetary gains? | Wouldn't the cost be exactly that of simply using grounded | vehicles that elevate themselves? | | (edited for clarity) | selectodude wrote: | An elevator? | kreeben wrote: | An elevator indeed. But there's a cost involved in | elevating goods to the top of a tall building. My | question was, is that cost smaller than the cost of | having drones with elevation capabilities take of from | the ground? | datameta wrote: | Presumably the predominant portion of the energy used to | raise an elevator is for the mass of the elevator itself | hatsunearu wrote: | lifting those payloads up the tower would just use the | commerical power grid and not batteries that you also | have to carry up. cables and motors are much more | efficient than propellers. | [deleted] | szhu wrote: | Not an expert in this field by any means, but I feel like | most of a helicopter's thrust is used to keep it in the | air, even when it's lowering slightly. | | Maybe this can be efficient if the drone had a fixed wing | so it can glide. Or we can make the "structure" really | really tall -- perhaps the delivery plane can launch drones | that basically paraglide into the city below, and the | drones can fly back to a collection center once they've | delivered the payload. | contingencies wrote: | This is not totally crazy. A problem would be you then need | a lift to carry everything to the top floor and an | expensive structure to support it. You also have local wind | and weather conditions to deal with at altitude. | | Alternatively, you could use a ground-based slingshot to | vertically propel gliders, an approach that is already used | in the military and for some long distance UAV testing. | victorthehuman wrote: | If we're talking about fixed wing drones in rural | environments then it does makes sense. A good example of that | is this drone delivery service in Rwanda | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEbRVNxL44c | clort wrote: | Energy cost per time of use. drones might be a lot quicker to | do the delivery job, particularly if the delivery point needs | to be more secure than just tossing packages onto the front | porch in plain sight as currently seems to be done. | reaperducer wrote: | _I imagine trucks will become mobile drone carriers with drones | landing and taking off with packages as they travel through the | city._ | | I saw a mockup video of this once. I think it was for UPS, but | I might be remembering that part wrong. The upshot was that | it's not useful in cities, but could be used to make exurban | and rural deliveries much more efficient because the delivery | truck doesn't have to trundle down a bunch of long driveways. | powersnail wrote: | I can understand it for some long-distanced batch delivery, by | a giant drone. | | However, swarms of little drones flying in the sky of cities or | private properties seems incredibly irritating, however | efficiently they improve deliveries. | ineedasername wrote: | I think about the truly massive # of packages delivered all | over the place and think we'll need some significant routing | protocols in place before we can easily get enough drones | airborne without crashing into each other. Sort of a tcp/ip | for millions of drones. | cameronh90 wrote: | Commercial delivery drones will likely be some form of VTOL | fixed wing craft, which can be significantly quieter when | cruising. | | Additionally they can usually fly higher which further | reduces the noise pollution. | oh_sigh wrote: | Without even drones, trucks could be motherships that dispatch | deliverers on electric scooters for the last quarter mile. | Scooters could catch up with the truck, dock to recharge and | get new packages and then roll out again | scrose wrote: | Cities feel like the last place that would be a good fit for | airborne delivery, at least in the US. | | Take NYC for example: Delivery people on e-bikes are still | harassed incessantly by the NYPD and community boards by people | being scared of the _possibility_ of being hit by them. | | Factor in our paranoia about terrorism and a single | accidentally dropped package would likely result in counter | terrorism and bomb squads being called in. | | I couldn't imagine any proposal for giant flying robots with | multi-pound payloads hovering overhead be taken seriously by | even the most progressive leaders. | | In hard to reach / rural areas, I could see some benefits from | drone technology though. Drone chainsaws, anyone?[0] | | [0] https://nypost.com/video/watch-this-helicopter-saw-blaze- | thr... | burade wrote: | Is it really worth it to have your peace disturbed by hundreds | of annoying little helicopters just so you can have a panini | sandwich delivered in 2 minutes instead of 10? | jschwartzi wrote: | What about all the paninis you can get if you can make the | shot though? Think of it as urban duck hunting. | mikequinlan wrote: | This is what I have been thinking but I would personally prefer | they use trebuchets and launch the packages onto your porch | (instead of using drones). Not because it would be practical | but because it would be cool. | chrisdalke wrote: | The final rule looks to be a big win for everyone who was | protesting the original proposed rule: | | "The final Remote ID rule eliminates the requirement that drones | be connected to the internet to transmit location data; the final | rule requires drones to broadcasts remote ID messages via radio | frequency broadcast." | | This is great because RF broadcast-based Remote ID is much | simpler and cost-effective to integrate into existing hobby or | consumer drones. It could be built into RC receivers, or as a | separate transponder. | mike_d wrote: | It is extremely hypocritical in any form. At the same time that | the FAA is asking hobbyists to broadcast identification, they | are modifying the rules to allow the rich and famous to change | their identifiers at will preventing any sort of public | accountability. https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/equipadsb/privacy/ | snuxoll wrote: | RF can still be expensive depending on how it needs to be | implemented. As a casual drone pilot I'm still concerned about | how this is going to effect cost, existing equipment in the | field and hobby/home-built uSAS's. | | I'll still take it over the internet mandate, however - so it's | a step in the right direction. | chrisdalke wrote: | No matter what, there will be consequences for DIY/hobby | aircraft, just because cost/weight/complexity are critical | factors in a small drone. Most of the planes I fly now are | wood/cardboard with a few dumb electrical components. Adding | any component will make it harder for newcomers to enter the | field. | | The FAA has decided that unregulated drone flight is an | issue, and no matter what, they're going to tackle it. So I'm | happy to see any solution that allows for the continued | existence of the DIY part of the industry. | | In my mind the "ideal" solution for DIY aircraft is a | separate RC receiver-sized transmitter, powered over BEC, | that you add to your aircraft when you are flying in | conditions that require Remote ID. The transmitter would | become another fixed cost in the hobby, but you could use it | on whatever aircraft you're flying -- It would be linked to a | pilot, instead of a particular aircraft. I have zero | knowledge of RF physics and engineering, but I'd be happy if | that was possible without a heavy transmitter and significant | power consumption. | treeman79 wrote: | I've already had a drone hovering outside Daughters bedroom | window. | | Some people have very different concerns about | accountability of drones. | 14 wrote: | You may be dismayed by the fact that hovering outside | someone's window, at least in Canada, is not a crime | unless the individual was naked or engaging in sexual | activity. The drones laws were left vague for now and | have not caught up to the technology. Here are the rules | for Canada: https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/drone- | safety/flying-your-dr... | reaperducer wrote: | _I've already had a drone hovering outside Daughters | bedroom window._ | | A couple of years ago, a guy up the street got a "drone" | for Christmas, and spent the next couple of weeks flying | into the backyards of everyone on the block, presumably | to look in the windows or see what else he could get away | with. I don't know why he thought that was a good idea, | especially since the thing was noisy as hell. | | It stopped suddenly. I don't know if someone called the | police, or hit it with a tennis racket, or what. But by | Saint Valentine's Day he was back to racing his remote | controlled cars up and down the block, instead. | snuxoll wrote: | I'll never understand people who use drones like this, | even ignoring the obvious moral and ethical issues of | voyeurism they're loud and obnoxious at the altitudes you | would need to go peeping through windows. | | Every time I try and assuage fears laypeople have about | drones and privacy there's a story or anecdote about some | dumbass who does stuff like this anyway... | phkahler wrote: | Magnetron and a wok for a dish. Kitchen counter measures. | gtfoutttt wrote: | Go on.... | mike_d wrote: | Be careful there tough guy, drones receive the same | protections as aircraft. A threat against one is | punishable under 18 U.S. Code SS 32. | | "Whoever willfully imparts or conveys any threat [against | an aircraft] shall be fined under this title or | imprisoned not more than five years, or both." | chrisdalke wrote: | The need for regulation and education around proper usage | of consumer drones is definitely clear, as shown by your | (and many other people's) experience! Most enthusiasts | would agree that a solution is needed. Most drone | incidents have been untrained or reckless operators | piloting a DJI drone somewhere they shouldn't. | | Most of the concern with proposed Remote ID regulations | was because 1) The regulation didn't actually solve the | issue of untrained drone operators and 2) Added a high | barrier to entry that would stifle the large | hobby/enthusiast/startup industry while giving large | companies like Amazon free reign over the airspace. | iso947 wrote: | People do not need educating not to spy on teenage girls | with drones, they do not need training to not do it. | chrisdalke wrote: | But that's not why the FAA is regulating it, and these | regulations won't stop that. They're regulating because | people are flying recklessly above 400ft, above roadways, | and in restricted airspace. | treeman79 wrote: | On an intellectual level not distracting and crashing a | Boeing is more important. | | On a dad level, well. Protective emotions can be intense. | leetcrew wrote: | I haven't followed drone stuff closely in a while. any idea how | this affects an older drone like a DJI spark that wasn't | designed with these requirements in mind? is it just impossible | to fly legally now? | heartbreak wrote: | These requirements won't affect a DJI Spark for at least | another 2.5 years, by which point hopefully DJI will have a | retrofit solution. | [deleted] | SoSoRoCoCo wrote: | This is odd: night would be the time when I would think people | don't want to hear "whirrrrrrr...' of drones flying over their | houses. | noizejoy wrote: | Noise pollution can be regulated separately. | rangersanger wrote: | It should be part of the rule allowing them to fly at night. | It's clearly related, why delay? | Judgmentality wrote: | Yeah, even if all of the logistical and technical issues of | drone delivery make it economically viable for Amazon (or | whoever) - I think I might boycott Amazon as a company if they | started using drones for _any_ deliveries. They are just so | obnoxiously loud I would probably welcome people shooting them | out of the sky (or if you 're awesome you can use an eagle). | | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v5hCxBZTh0 | | https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-35750816 | itisit wrote: | Plenty of companies hard at work on making anti-drone tech | consumer friendly. Rejoice! | ineedasername wrote: | Which will quickly be made illegal if it interferes with | major commercial activity | leetcrew wrote: | I'm not sure what "anti-drone tech" could mean other than | RF jamming, which is already very illegal. | reaperducer wrote: | Birdshot? | jakear wrote: | I'd pay good money for a shotgun-like device that had | power enough to take down the drones foreigners like to | fly meters from my face videotaping me as I walk down the | beach, but not powerful enough to be dangerous to use in | such contexts. | triceratops wrote: | > drones foreigners like to fly meters from my face | videotaping me | | Please explain. I'm genuinely curious. | Judgmentality wrote: | Obviously not a shotgun - but if you're serious about | wanting to safely disable drones you can buy net guns | that actually work. | | https://netgun.com/ | leetcrew wrote: | hard to see how this could be legal. you don't get to | destroy other people's stuff just because they are | annoying you with it. even if what they are doing is not | quite legal, you would probably end up on the wrong side | of the law yourself. | itisit wrote: | > you don't get to destroy other people's stuff just | because they are annoying you with it. | | https://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/drones/news/a1796 | 9/m... | jakear wrote: | High velocity low mass shot pellets propelled in the | drone's general direction via pyrotechnics or similar? | DoofusOfDeath wrote: | I was about to have a knee-jerk reaction to this, but I just | realized I may misunderstand what the rules actually allow. | | My worst-case scenario, perhaps totally unrealistic, is that this | allows a drone with a camera to hover over my property, peeping | in through the windows. | | Are there any current / upcoming rules that prevent that? | coder543 wrote: | Many states have laws that specifically prohibit the | intentional use of a drone for surveillance of someone else on | their personal property. | | This announcement isn't at all related your concerns, and | changes (essentially?) nothing there whatsoever. | crooked-v wrote: | The article is extremely vague, but from what I understand the | rule it's referring to is literally just an (often-ignored) | prohibition from flying above people, at any height, that was | put in place to at least theoretically reduce the danger of | drone crashes. | [deleted] | coder543 wrote: | What about changing the rules around commercial use of drone | photography / videography? | | I don't understand why it's fine to use drones to take photos and | videos for personal use, and why it's perfectly fine to use the | smartphone in your hand for commercially-usable photos and | videos, but combine the two and you suddenly have to get an FAA | license? | | That requirement feels very arbitrary, and it feels like a | requirement that will eventually go away. | pc86 wrote: | Like NW says, the FAA heavily regulates commercial activity. | You can get a private license in as little as 40-ish hours. But | you need an absolute minimum of 250 total hours to even qualify | for a commercial license (and there are a bunch of hour | requirements in subcategories such that if you're not | explicitly working toward it, you're unlikely to meet | minimums), and there's another written and practical exam. | | And not for nothing but if you have a private pilot's license | already, you can get a commercial drone license with nothing | more than a CFI endorsement and a quick online written test. | Most PPL holders I know (myself included) added it as an after- | thought. | frisco wrote: | As a pilot, the dynamics of flying for money are very different | than flying for fun or personal reasons. The pressure to make | the flight in marginal conditions, or push separation to get | the shot, or otherwise just generally fly closer to the limits | is real and significant. Adding money (and presumably third | parties) totally changes the nature of the operation. | skanga wrote: | Good point! | coder543 wrote: | Yeah, when you put it that way, it makes more sense. | | I still hope they'll make the rules more permissive at some | point, especially as drones are integrating more and more | flight automation and collision avoidance technology. Maybe | certify certain drones with specific features and | restrictions as being suitable for commercial usage without a | license? Accidents can still happen, but... accidents can | also happen with any kind of commercial activity, even | without drones involved at all. | frisco wrote: | My impression is that it's pretty easy to get a Part 107 | Remote Pilot license; I think it's essentially just a | knowledge test. Even if all you learn getting it is how the | airspace system works and how to coordinate your use of it, | that's a significant base of knowledge that is essential to | flying responsibly in the US. There are serious civil and | criminal penalties in the Federal Aviation Regulations for | lots of complex rules that really do matter, so it makes | sense that they at least just want commercial operators to | understand what they are on the hook for. | phkahler wrote: | Hence even pilots need a commercial license to do paid aerial | photography. | | The thing that bothers me about that is the scenario where | pictures are taken for fun, but later what if someone were to | offer money for them? | Retric wrote: | In such cases it's normally intent that matters. A lot of | laws are based around intent, which might seem like a huge | issue but that's why terms like 'beyond a reasonable doubt' | are used. | | If you're regularly selling photos from your regular drone | flights then that's hard to argue about. But a once off | because you happen to take a news worthy photo is another | story. | vmception wrote: | > That requirement feels very arbitrary, and it feels like a | requirement that will eventually go away. | | Because it's the only way they found to regulate the behavior. | They would prefer to regulate all of the drone flying, but they | have limitations in power in a variety of ways, and they don't | want to bother Congress about it. | NovemberWhiskey wrote: | You may feel it's arbitrary, but it's consistent with other FAA | certificates: i.e. you need a commercial pilot certificate to | be paid to fly. | leetcrew wrote: | drones represent a potential hazard to other aircraft as well | as people on the ground, which, like it or not, gives the FAA | an interest in regulating their use. I agree it seems arbitrary | at first glance, but I think it's better to look at it the | other way around: the FAA is essentially cutting hobbyists a | break from what they would normally require of a drone | operator. | rdxm wrote: | who would even remotely trust the FAA at this point? | | It's a broken agency that is very much bought and paid for by | commercial interests at the expense of the people it is ther to | protect. | neuronexmachina wrote: | The actual release from the FAA today regarding the two new drone | rules for "Remote ID" and "Operations Over People and at Night". | The release includes links to executive summaries and full text | of the rules: | https://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsI... | zython wrote: | Anyone want to bet in what capacity this will be used for | (police) surveillance ? Especially since Alphabet and Amazon are | involved. | Firerouge wrote: | Police forces have been using drones for surveillance since at | least 2017, including beyond line of sight flights at night. | | https://whitmancountywatch.com/2019/11/07/pullman-police-fli... | | It seems that these regulations are focused on permitting | private commercial flights similar rights. | zython wrote: | Thats exacly my point; when the police is under increased | public scrutiny this type of dodgy shit gets offloaded to the | private sector with little to none public interest of | oversight. | pc86 wrote: | I could see automated license plate reader and facial | recognition use cases for sure. Depending on how high the drone | flies FR may or may not be feasible. | skanga wrote: | Do automated license plate reader work via night vision | systems? Could they be made to work? | thatguy0900 wrote: | Ohio at least requires that there be a light that | illuminates the liscense plate whenever the headlights are | turned on, so no need for special night vision systems | vel0city wrote: | Lots of license plates these days have high contrast | between the letters and the background. These license | plates are often usually covered in retroreflectors such | that the high contrast is accentuated with any kind of | light. A strong IR light source from an IR camera can | probably read most clean license plates driving by without | being obvious to the people being viewed. Remember that | light follows the inverse square law, so if you're far away | you'll probably need a pretty bright IR source to get a | good high contrast read from a far away license plate, | along with pretty good optics/sensor to reliably read the | plate. | rkagerer wrote: | Even though I don't fly over people, I retrofitted a parachute | onto my DJI drone just in case. It automatically deploys if the | drone loses power or control. It doesn't impact flight | characteristics or battery life by much. | | I feel like a basic safety like this would be a prudent and more | effective measure for overhead flights than self-transmitting | "license plates" (which I agree are at least better than the | silly internet requirement). | GordonS wrote: | I've never flown a drone, but this sounds like a pretty cool | idea! Are you aware of anything like this being a requirement | anywhere, or having being proposed by regulators anywhere? | taf2 wrote: | oh if you can that would be really cool to see how you did | that... I'd love to retrofit something like this to my drone... | I did buy my kids a drone and the issue there was they flew it | into a very tall tree... needless say it's still in the very | tall tree | spydum wrote: | What you need is a second drone.. | balls187 wrote: | Have you tested deploying the parachute? | fjabre wrote: | This will bring about new technology to deal with the rising | threat. People don't take kindly to being constantly spied on. I | imagine many will take matters into their own hands. | p410n3 wrote: | Except everyone already does all the time? | fjabre wrote: | Is that so? | xwdv wrote: | I could easily take pictures of you in public with a phone | and there's nothing you can do about it. | donatj wrote: | I mean there is mass surveillance of basically all | communication. | throwawaysea wrote: | Whenever I encounter people flying drones - for example at the | park - I find it highly obnoxious. The buzzing of their rotors is | noise pollution that ruins the peace of a park/natural area, and | while I recognize the right to record in public spaces, there's | something especially creepy about a drone flying along a jogging | path near you armed with the latest 4K cameras. I think drone | enthusiasts don't understand how that can impact women | especially. I also think it would be incredibly annoying to have | drones constantly in the sky above you if our current volume of | deliveries is moved from ground to air. I hope both are heavily | regulated and curbed. | post_break wrote: | Honestly this just sounds like NIMBY. First there are loud | drones and quiet drones, noise pollution can be regulated. Next | the video from a drone for spying on a woman jogging is nothing | compared to someone with a decent DSLR with a telephoto that | makes zero noise. And third drone deliveries could have | airspace carved out that avoids residential or places that | would annoy people. | | Now that said some people are obnoxious with it, they fly by | people, make noise, I agree that should met with criticism, | maybe fines, but I also believe drones will have a big impact | in quality of life not just from delivery bots but police, | medical, and including hobbyists. | downut wrote: | I had a neighbor hover a large, very noisy drone over my wife | who was working in her backyard garden, out of sight from | said neighbors, who were piloting from the house across from | me. She was terrified. There easily could have been a large | escalation. After my intervention it hasn't happened again, | but the sort of judgement that leads to the stupidity in the | first place, in my experience, cannot resist the lure to | offend again, especially if the bad judger has been drinking. | | I read the blithe attitude in comments like these, and I am | sure there will be large escalations in the future. FWIW, in | AZ, this behaviour appears to be legal. | post_break wrote: | Out of line of sight sounds illegal from looking at the | FAA. Flying over people is currently illegal too. Flying | while drinking is also illegal... Report them to the FAA. | thatguy0900 wrote: | The idea of police drones flying around is honestly even | worse | post_break wrote: | Tons of police have drones for video, rescue, etc. Some of | them are huge: | https://www.dji.com/matrice-300?site=enterprise&from=nav | ericmcer wrote: | Agreed, I think personal freedom is great, but it should be | closely tied to how much your actions limit the freedoms of | others. One persons right to fly a noisy helicopter around | using a smartphone is not worth 20+ peoples right to read, walk | and enjoy nature. | | I find a loud buzzing totally pulls me out of any reverie and | makes me angry. I was watching the birds last week near a drone | also and they were rerouting or turning away from the area it | was flying in. Totally not worth it to disturb people, and even | worse, what little wildlife still remains in the open space we | have pushed them into. ___________________________________________________________________ (page generated 2020-12-28 23:00 UTC)