[HN Gopher] Exploring the Supply Chain of the Pfizer/BioNTech an...
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       Exploring the Supply Chain of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna
       Covid-19 Vaccines
        
       Author : palcu
       Score  : 94 points
       Date   : 2021-01-19 19:46 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.jonasneubert.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.jonasneubert.com)
        
       | satya71 wrote:
       | I have been trying to find out why the supply of mRNA is limited.
       | This article gives me hope that it can be scaled up with the
       | right focus. As long as there is no fundamental science to be
       | discovered, industrial processes can be scaled with enough money.
       | 
       | It is not possible to grow chicken eggs faster. So it's been
       | impossible to have anything less than a years lead time to get
       | flu vaccines made in sufficient quantities.
       | 
       | Planet money even did a show on the emergency chickens [1] (have
       | they been called into service already ?). So we have the
       | chickens, but no COVID vaccine that can be grown in eggs.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.npr.org/2020/03/13/815307821/planet-money-why-
       | th...
        
         | CodeMage wrote:
         | I know we're not supposed to discuss downvotes, but can anyone
         | explain why this is downvoted so much? I want to know if
         | there's some kind of misinformation here that I missed, so I'll
         | spot it in the future.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | MichaelRazum wrote:
       | Wow amazing article. Thanks a lot. Interesting to see that most
       | of the technology comes from Europe and US. Also interesting to
       | see that it is complete independent from Asia.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | "The Moderna vaccine is also known as "mRNA-1273", but appears to
       | lack a brand name other than "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine" which is
       | what it says on the product label"
       | 
       | Anyone else find that really refreshing?
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | It's not surprising. Desperate need for a vaccine and not
         | enough supply means you don't really need branding. No doubt it
         | will be branded once Covid is under control.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | that's because Moderna is the brand, this is their first
         | product and they plan to launch other vaccines under that brand
         | 
         | they'll probably conform to the drugs themselves having brand
         | names eventually like the rest of the industry
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | ...Heartbleed, Spectre, Meltdown...
         | 
         | VaxMod? I have no ideas :(
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | Interesting bits about the 'bottleneck' being the lipid envelope.
       | This sounds highly proprietary and very, very new (eg, not widely
       | tested). How can these products be QA'd by an independent lab to
       | be free from significant defects?
       | 
       | Are the doses being distributed produced on the same line with
       | the same procedure as the doses in the trials?
        
       | hef19898 wrote:
       | This is one of the best supply chain articles I ever read. Cudos!
       | 
       | As the article is mainly describing the supply chain, I'd like to
       | add some of the challenges, especially downstream / last mile.
       | The Biontech vaccine seems to be a royal pain to distribute. Cold
       | chains are tricky to maintain, let alone at -70 C. Having doses
       | packed in numbers larger than one makes it challenging to
       | vaccinate people at the centers, the unfreezing takes some time,
       | and the vaccine cannot be stored eternally once unfrozen. So you
       | have to closely schedule appointments with the treatment of the
       | vaccine itself for batches of people. Which cannot be allowed to
       | wait in line because of COVID-19. It also means that existing
       | infrastructure, doctors and care and nursing services, cannot be
       | used to get the Biontech vaccine to the people. Yet another pain.
       | 
       | At yet, we are only discussing the purchased doses. Not even the
       | delivery schedules, just the total quantity. As if that was the
       | real bottle neck right now.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | That's the wicked nature of this disease at this point in time.
         | It's almost like it evolved to exploit the lunacy of modern
         | society.
         | 
         | The politicians are busy blaming each other, and the news
         | people are busy looking for bullshit scoops.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | >It's almost like it evolved to exploit the lunacy of modern
           | society.
           | 
           | I think you're actually correct. If the lunacy of modern
           | society helped it succeed vs genetically similar organisms I
           | would call that a successful adaptation.
        
       | kart23 wrote:
       | Like many others, I find the LNPs to be the most interesting
       | part. It seems like Moderna was having issues with accumulation
       | and toxicity issues, but changed something to make it safely
       | degrade in the body. [0] Heres an interesting paper that shows
       | some of the challenges. [1] 99% of it went over my head, but I
       | still find the research intriguing.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/12/can-multibillion-
       | dol...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329694/
        
       | rediguanayum wrote:
       | Fantastic write up on the supply chain which is the overlooked
       | challenge to these vaccines. I'll need to reread it (and again).
       | Also good are the "In the pipeline" blog posts by Derek Lowe in
       | Sciencemag about vaccine development:
       | https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-19 23:00 UTC)