[HN Gopher] Have we already been visited by aliens?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Have we already been visited by aliens?
        
       Author : elorant
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2021-01-20 14:43 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | yters wrote:
       | If not, where did our dna come from?
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | I'm willing to disagree with most things I read here.
       | 
       | Entertaining, but way too many assumptions.
       | 
       | He* started with Oumaumua, which I am willing to entertain, and
       | then went way off in other "thought leadership" directions that
       | should all be their own articles.
       | 
       | *Avi Loeb, he. Not Elizabeth Kolbert the author.
        
         | unnouinceput wrote:
         | *She
        
           | itisit wrote:
           | *They
        
         | Horba wrote:
         | She'
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Avi Loeb wrote the book and who I am talking about. There
           | isn't ambiguity about whether I was talking about the article
           | writer or the person the article was talking about. Read the
           | article again, there is a particular person talking about
           | Oumaumua and then assumptions about alien natural selection.
        
       | Xcelerate wrote:
       | Tangential to the article, but I'm not sure why more isn't
       | mentioned about what I consider to be the most likely reason we
       | haven't been visited by aliens: they probably exist somewhere due
       | to the sheer size of the universe, but the speed of light is
       | indeed the fundamental limit to classical information transfer as
       | our current understanding of physics predicts, and therefore we
       | are simply too far away from any sort of intelligence that exists
       | out there to contact or reach us.
       | 
       | It's a simple and boring explanation but from my perspective also
       | the most likely.
        
         | cgriswald wrote:
         | The solution to distance isn't energy; it's time. Even at
         | speeds much lower than the speed of light, a civilization could
         | have spread across or explored the Milky Way in a few millions
         | of years. These needn't have been biological creatures. Von
         | Neumann probes, "Genesis" machines, or just flinging rocks with
         | sensors on them to tour the stars would do the trick.
        
           | blueblisters wrote:
           | What would motivate a civilization to undertake such an
           | experiment? A probe a 50,000 light years away would take
           | 50,000 years to send back any meaningful information. Unless
           | alien life-spans are significantly longer than humans, I
           | would think this would probably not be funded by their
           | science department.
        
             | GoblinSlayer wrote:
             | They spent 50000 years exploring space, we spent 50000
             | years waging wars. Who spent their time better?
        
             | RobertoG wrote:
             | A probe of the sophistication of a Von Newman machine, that
             | can reproduce, would be the alien in itself. A network of
             | such probes would be a civilization.
        
             | sterlind wrote:
             | Von Neumann probes would be great at asteroid mining. If
             | you just let the probes keep going rather than limiting
             | their distance, they'd cover the 50k light years easily.
             | Not much overhead on the civilization.
        
         | avz wrote:
         | I don't find the argument that distances are too great for
         | intelligence to meet particularly convincing. At its core lies
         | unjustified extrapolation that the ratio of average lifespan to
         | typical interstellar distance - a pure accident of Earthly
         | biology - somehow extends to the whole universe.
         | 
         | The key quantity on which the argument hinges is
         | T * c / D
         | 
         | where T is the average lifespan of the intelligent being in
         | question, c is the speed of light and D is a typical separation
         | between stars in a region of interest.
         | 
         | In our stellar neighborhood there are about 0.004 stars per
         | cubic light year [1], so if we choose to measure D as the
         | reciprocal of the cubic root of stellar density then D is about
         | 6.3 light years which is of the same order of magnitude as the
         | distance to Proxima Centauri (~4.2 ly). This quantity varies
         | somewhat, e.g. global clusters have about 0.4 stars per cubic
         | parsec [2] which is more than 0.01 stars per cubic light year
         | for D of 4.4 ly.
         | 
         | In case of humans, T is about 79 years. We don't know anything
         | about any alien lifeforms, but even among lifeforms on Earth T
         | varies significantly. For example, Bowhead whales can live more
         | than 200 years [3]. Traveling 4 ly at 5% of the speed of light
         | is a possibility for such creatures. Moreover, entities with
         | artificial intelligence could live (function?) significantly
         | longer. Possibly forever.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_density
         | 
         | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
         | 
         | [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowhead_whale
        
         | at_a_remove wrote:
         | This has been my basic take on it.
         | 
         | However, if you want a point of concern, I'll throw out some
         | alternatives. I'm going to ignore generation ships, because
         | those seem a trifle unlikely (too complex, rather cruel to the
         | inhabitants), but let's imagine some embryo-laden carriers,
         | freeze-dried aliens, and von Neumann probes.
         | 
         | Now, again, that's still a long way for very little gain.
         | There's nothing physical you could bring back to your
         | civilization that would be "worth" the trip, but what about
         | some _irrational_ civilizations? Religious zealots, or just a
         | large enough portion of a technologically advanced society that
         | says,  "Screw it, let's hurl some madly self-replicating probes
         | out into the spiral arm." Ninety-nine percent of their
         | civilization might think that is a terrible idea (or pick your
         | proportion), but there only needs to be a few to pull it off.
         | 
         | Why are we not seeing the von Neumann probes? I will admit that
         | the other scenarios are less likely. But where are they? Even
         | at a ten thousandth the speed of light they would have swarmed
         | the galaxy, replicating down one spiral arm, into the core, and
         | back out along the remaining arms.
        
           | GoblinSlayer wrote:
           | The solar system is between arms.
        
         | cronix wrote:
         | > but the speed of light is indeed the fundamental limit to
         | classical information transfer as our current understanding of
         | physics predicts
         | 
         | I used to think that as well, but with all of the recent proof
         | of quantum entanglement, I'm not so sure anymore.
         | 
         | https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/295013-scientists-captur...
        
           | scythmic_waves wrote:
           | My (relatively uninformed) understanding was that you
           | couldn't transfer information via quantum entanglement. Is
           | that not correct?
        
             | cronix wrote:
             | This is not my field, but it seem if you can spin 1
             | particle in a known direction and the entangled "partner"
             | particle spins the exact opposite direction, then why not?
             | Basically everything would just be reversed with a 1 being
             | a 0 and a 0 being a 1 on the receiving end. I know both the
             | Chinese and American governments are working on quantum
             | entanglement as a communication mechanism and the Chinese
             | have had some success between satellites. Basically a real
             | time wireless internet.
             | 
             | Edit: better link for Chinese experiments from Science Mag.
             | 
             | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/quantum-internet-
             | clo...
             | 
             | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chinas-experiment-quantum-
             | com...
             | 
             | https://newatlas.com/telecommunications/us-government-
             | bluepr...
        
               | matmatmatmat wrote:
               | As others have said, the fundamental problem is that all
               | you can deduce is that whatever the spin of your particle
               | is, the other particle has the opposite spin. You cannot
               | determine the spin of your particle in order to affect
               | the spin of the other particle.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | Because you don't get to choose which way the particle
               | spins when creating an entangled pair.
        
             | IgorPartola wrote:
             | Moreover you can't transfer information faster than the
             | speed of light.
             | 
             | As for QE: I first I need to send you a particle at
             | sunlight speeds. Then I measure my particle and get the
             | value N, which means I immediately know that your particle
             | must be -N. Great for key exchange: I can send you let's
             | say 2048 of these particles and then we instantly know each
             | other's keys/have a shared key, while also knowing if the
             | transmission has been tempered with in transit. But I can't
             | send you a message I choose.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | On this of all days, I say let's double down on facts instead of
       | crafting our own imaginary worlds.
        
       | cronix wrote:
       | Lex Fridman had a really good interview with Avi Loeb about
       | Oumuamua, among other things, about a week ago. Highly recommend!
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plcc6E-E1uU
        
         | TacoToni wrote:
         | Fantastic episode.
        
         | libertine wrote:
         | Very interesting, and it gives a really good highlight of the
         | whole Oumuamua event, which got a bit distorted in the media.
         | 
         | The things that stood out were:
         | 
         | - Our range of vision to spot such objects is narrow;
         | 
         | - We don't have much "resolution" of the object, and we have to
         | work with limited data;
         | 
         | - that fact that we managed to get that data was already really
         | good and it's enough to theorize about a lot of stuff, but not
         | enough to tell precisely what it was.
         | 
         | - the object behavior as it approached the sun doesn't match
         | the type of object that we perceived at the beginning;
         | 
         | - the object could have been stationary;
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dfsegoat wrote:
         | Having watched the vid, he goes into specifics of why he thinks
         | Oumuamua is 'not a rock' based on geometry and reflectivity. It
         | was quite fascinating.
        
       | tiborsaas wrote:
       | Prof David Kipping did a point-by-point analysis of Loeb's
       | claims:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qX_Bj7064Ms
       | 
       | TLDW: most likely a natural object.
        
         | floatrock wrote:
         | Thanks for the link. Always good to hear the other side,
         | especially after listening to the Lex interview a while back.
         | Here's the summary:
         | 
         | Loeb's argument for Ouamuamua being aliens rests on 6 observed
         | anomalies. All but 1 or 2 have pretty reasonable rebuttals.
         | 
         | [1]: _Anomaly: There are too few interstellar asteroids to
         | expect something like this, so it must have been aimed at us._
         | The brand new telescope that discovered this was designed to
         | look for interstellar rocks like this, but the fact that it
         | discovered one so quickly is absurdly lucky.
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal:_ Most models for interstellar rocks could be wrong.
         | There are some models for interstellar rock ejection however
         | that would put this observation right in the zone of reasonable
         | probability.
         | 
         | [2]: _Anomaly: Ouamuamua is flying in a vector called the Local
         | Standard of Rest (LSR)_ -- it 's not "flying" through space,
         | but rather looks like a stationary beacon or 'buoy' (aliens
         | speculation: comms or navigation station). The LSR is basically
         | average orbit around the galactic core -- all local stars are
         | bouncing in all directions, but if you zoom out, on average,
         | everyone's orbiting the galactic core. This average is the LSR,
         | and it's weird that Ouamuamua is right in the LSR range.
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal: LSR is exactly what you would expect for an
         | interstellar asteroid._ Interstellar asteroids are formed early
         | in solar system development, when gas clouds are still
         | condensing into stars and planets. Those gas clouds are
         | traveling around the galaxy in the LSR range, so anything
         | ejected during that time should be in the LSR range.
         | 
         | [3]: _Anomaly: Ouamuamua had an unusual orbit and flew close to
         | Earth, so it must have been aimed at us._
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal: Observational bias._ Had it not passed so close to
         | us, we wouldn 't have seen it. Given that within only a few
         | weeks it all but disappeared from detection capabilities while
         | still well within the solar system, it could be there's lots of
         | other objects like this currently in the solar system that we
         | just haven't detected yet.
         | 
         | [4]: _Anomaly: Ouamuamua is too reflective to be a comet or
         | asteroid._
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal: Straight up disagreement._ Other scientists to
         | point to comets and asteroids that could have that level of
         | reflectivity.
         | 
         | The last two arguments are the interesting ones where the
         | rebuttals are a bit weak.
         | 
         | [5]: _Anomaly: Shape is too strange to be natural, but could be
         | a thin solar sail_ , tumbling perhaps due to being derelict. It
         | was too small to resolve with any telescopes, but by curve-
         | fitting brightness shifts, models suggest it's either cigar-
         | shaped (popular depiction) or pancake-shaped (the solar sail
         | hypothesis).
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal: It does have an anomalous 6:1 brightness shift
         | every 8 hours, but a tumbling solar sail should have an even
         | higher contrast ratio._ If it was a solar sail, it would have
         | to be gently wobbling, not completely tumbling. This is
         | actually what we 'd expect from a solar sail (keep it more or
         | less pointed at the sun), but if that was true, we would have
         | expected the brightness fluctuations to even out as it got
         | further from the sun (angles and geometry). This was not
         | observed, so it probably kept tumbling, therefore not solar
         | sail.
         | 
         | [6]: _Anomaly: It exhibited acceleration that couldn 't be
         | explained by gravitational forces._ Comets have this
         | acceleration because a comet's tail is outgassing of the ices
         | that make up the comet, acting as a rudimentary thruster. But
         | Ouamuamua didn't have any observed tail, therefore, solar sail.
         | 
         |  _Rebuttal: Basically some kind of new comet chemistry that
         | would have prevented us from observing the comet tail._ Some
         | gasses would have been hard to observe, or the outgassing was
         | lagged so it started after we would have been able to observe
         | it. Basically,  "we haven't seen this before, but there are
         | hypothetical ways to explain this." Science, and astronomy
         | specifically, is filled with those kinds of "we haven't seen
         | this before" discoveries.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | This is my summary of the youtube video, which is a summary of
         | a few papers... to go deeper, should probably read the primary
         | sources. I'm also just a youtube watcher, not an astronomer.
         | 
         | In the Lex podcast, Loeb kept quoting Sherlock Homes: "If you
         | exclude all other possibilities, whatever remains, however
         | improbable, must be the truth." My take is all of these
         | rebuttals do seem to include other more prosaic possibilities,
         | so Loeb hasn't really excluded all the other possibilities that
         | warrant the jump to the improbable.
        
         | networkimprov wrote:
         | After I watched that (love Dr. Kipping) I watched Event
         | Horizon's interview with Loeb, and it raises a cpl items that
         | Kipping didn't address (e.g. the shape is a pancake, not
         | cigar).
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D24E4F90HTo
        
       | princekolt wrote:
       | As soon as the article mentioned von Daniken in a serious light I
       | stopped reading. von Daniken is a fraud and embezzlement convict
       | and has admitted to fabricating lots of his fantastical stories
       | and has no place in serious scientific research. I should have
       | expected less from a lifestyle magazine, I guess.
        
         | johnisgood wrote:
         | Of course. Even PubMed is ridden with ridiculous stuff. PubMed!
         | To give you an example:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068791/
         | 
         | Thankfully we can do our own research, see by whom it has been
         | cited, in what journal it has been published, and so forth. You
         | can easily tell that this is quite an unimportant and
         | incredible one. Of course you could tell it yourself after
         | having read it that it is nonsense.
        
           | jwally wrote:
           | Are there any guides / heuristics on how a layperson can
           | evaluate technical literature?
           | 
           | For example my mother-in-law is starting to micro-dose
           | lithium and cited this article as evidence:
           | https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2020/12/lithium-
           | and-a...
           | 
           | Which cites 19 medical journals. The website itself reeks of
           | bullshit, but how can I tell if the journals it cites are
           | valid or just woo?
        
             | johnisgood wrote:
             | I am currently working on redesigning the entire academic
             | publishing system which is not an easy task and since
             | because I am alone, it may take an entire lifetime of mine,
             | and it is on hold sadly. I wish someone could take it up
             | with me. I was "squatting" on a domain which is about to
             | expire because I cannot even pay for it. :/ I have no time
             | to work on the design itself, let alone the implementation,
             | because I have to survive on shitty money. I did work on
             | the design quite a lot a year ago when I could afford it,
             | but it has been a while. It would be quite easy to filter
             | out nonsensical articles the way it would work in my case,
             | among other features. I cannot really talk about it on
             | here.
             | 
             | That said, there are lots of "may" in the article. As to
             | why someone is telling you this, well, in this case it is
             | to sell you their products. She could consult a doctor
             | about it. What form is the lithium in? How much of the
             | product (which they sell) is actual lithium? Should look at
             | the studies mentioned where they say "may", so that you
             | would actually have something to base your beliefs on,
             | because "may" is not a claim of "will", and "may" is not
             | "evidence", it is just speculation; they are merchants of
             | hope. The article also does not go very in depth with the
             | comparisons of dose. How much lithium do people get daily
             | and from which sources? Might it turn out that micro-dosing
             | is actually a mere 1/10th of what people already get
             | normally in a day? Keep also in mind, that some regions
             | have lithium in their tap water already. Plus, people
             | believe the news too, because it _sounds_ believable, but
             | this is not about technical literature alone. People do
             | need to get educated about how to critically comb articles.
             | 
             | By the way: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11838882/
             | 
             | > Lithium is commonly found in drinking water and various
             | foods, with dietary intake estimated at 0.6 to 3.1
             | milligrams per day in the United States in 1985. Lithium
             | supplements are sold as pills, liquid capsules, solutions,
             | and syrups of lithium orotate or lithium aspartate.
        
             | deeeeplearning wrote:
             | Looking at the Impact Factor of a Journal can help but it's
             | not perfect. For example Nature and Science, generally
             | considered the most prestigious journals in the world, have
             | impact factors around 1000 and smaller but still quality
             | niche Physics journals might be in the low hundreds.
             | 
             | The bottom line is that as a Layperson it would be
             | extremely difficult to vet the validity of any given paper
             | let alone whole journals.
             | 
             | https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php
        
               | jwally wrote:
               | Bookmarking that. Thank you!
               | 
               | I think I was starting to draw that conclusion.
               | 
               | If a claim is in the Lancet, NEMJ, Nature, etc; its
               | probably pretty credible.
               | 
               | If a claim is in another journal; it shouldn't have much
               | bearing on my decision (positive or negative) since I
               | don't have the expertise to evaluate it.
        
       | SuoDuanDao wrote:
       | I've long thought the starseeder hypothesis was a good bet from
       | purely statistical grounds. What are the odds of intelligent life
       | arising ex nihilo? We'd assume infinitesimal.
       | 
       | Given that it happened once, what are the odds that life will
       | successfully expand to other planets? I at least would assume
       | better than it happening independently again, we've never seen
       | autogenesis but we have sent tardigrades to the moon.
        
         | cgriswald wrote:
         | I'm imagining two paths for life to spread between star
         | systems.
         | 
         | The first is via intelligent life actively exploring those
         | systems--the purpose or mechanism of that exploration doesn't
         | really matter; life could get there either way. So now you're
         | comparing the statistical probability of abiogenesis against
         | the product of the probabilities of a half dozen unlikely
         | events (roughly, first abiogensis -> cells -> animals ->
         | intelligence -> civilization -> technological civilization ->
         | society stable enough to spread life amongst the stars). This
         | isn't clear cut, but my best guess is that abiogenesis
         | happening twice is rather more likely.
         | 
         | The second is via some form of microbial life leaving the star
         | system and spreading to other stars by accident (whether
         | evolutionary accident or 'act of God'). I think it's possible
         | life could leave the star system by some mechanism and with a
         | ridiculous number of individuals and time could hit other star
         | systems rather than floating in between systems forever. Then
         | it has to land on a planet that not only doesn't kill it, but
         | allows it to thrive. (Tardigrades aren't going to populate the
         | moon.) I'm not sure how possible or likely this would be, but
         | I'm guessing it requires a ton of time (that the universe may
         | not have experienced yet) and, if it were likely, we'd have
         | already found evidence of life on Mars.
        
         | mrec wrote:
         | > _What are the odds of intelligent life arising ex nihilo? We
         | 'd assume infinitesimal._
         | 
         | Why would we assume that? We've been seeing biologically
         | interesting chemicals appear from much simpler ones for well
         | over a century.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis#Chemical_synthesis...
         | 
         | Also, your "starseeder hypothesis" sounds a lot more deliberate
         | than panspermia theories, but correct me if I'm
         | misunderstanding you there.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | acvny wrote:
       | How many times has this story been presented over different names
       | and titles?
        
       | hchz wrote:
       | Regardless of the truth in this specific case, Avi has some very
       | interesting ideas such as the habitable early universe.
       | 
       | https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.0613
        
       | excitom wrote:
       | Such an object would function as a sail--one powered by light,
       | rather than by wind. The natural world doesn't produce sails;
       | people do.
       | 
       | What about jellyfish that move about the oceans pushed by wind?
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | It's a weird statement that confuses the purpose of an object
         | with what an object does. Purpose exists only in our heads;
         | natural objects don't have one. There is no <purpose="sail">
         | tag attached to atoms.
         | 
         | In other words, anything that behaves as a sail would, can be
         | called a sail. And there are plenty of objects around us that
         | behave as sails, not made such by humans, or made so
         | unintentionally.
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | Or even more fun the idea than some pterosaurs were in fact
         | sailers!
         | 
         | https://phys.org/news/2009-10-ancient-pterosaur-seas-video.h...
        
         | hchz wrote:
         | I think finding space jellyfish would also be a monumental
         | discovery.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | (Specifically: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velella)
        
         | leblancfg wrote:
         | s/natural world/inorganic matter/
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | There are also rocks that do this:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_stones
        
         | mig39 wrote:
         | Yeah, I can think of a lot of examples of sails in the natural
         | world. Dandelion seeds, winged tree seeds, etc.
        
           | scott_s wrote:
           | Ballooning spiders as well.
        
           | beamatronic wrote:
           | Even some spiders
        
           | biryani_chicken wrote:
           | Flying Squirrels?
        
           | flatiron wrote:
           | I think the comment was poorly worded with "people" and
           | should be "life" which is still an interesting thought.
        
       | BruceEel wrote:
       | In the linked chat with Lex Fridman, Loeb also mentioned how such
       | objects are likely to be zipping by essentially all the time.
       | It'd be great if by the time we spot the next one (of whatever
       | nature) we had a probe/robot/something able to catch up with it
       | (or better, catch it!)
        
         | sjcoles wrote:
         | If you can figure out how to generate that much delta V you've
         | solved solar system level space travel.
        
           | flatiron wrote:
           | You can at least put something in its way and if it nopes
           | around it to avoid a collision that's pretty freaking
           | interesting.
        
             | brians wrote:
             | And if it shoots back, that's briefly interesting too.
        
             | DennisAleynikov wrote:
             | closest thing I read was one of these flying right between
             | two fighter jets narrowly missing both, but also seemingly
             | not course correcting or changing behaviour apparently.
        
             | eloff wrote:
             | Again, if we had the technology to do that it would be
             | amazing.
             | 
             | We can't generate even within a couple orders of magnitude
             | of the acceleration needed to do that.
        
               | mcbits wrote:
               | We probably do have the technology (money is the hard
               | part) to build a telescope array that spans the solar
               | system, and to keep some rockets in standby orbits beyond
               | Neptune. That would provide for earlier detection of an
               | approaching object and a better chance of having a rocket
               | close enough to intercept it.
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | The volume of space beyond Neptune is absolutely insane,
               | and the speeds of interstellar objects (theoretical
               | speeds that is, we don't have a large enough sample size
               | to draw conclusions about how well that matches actual
               | velocities) are also insane. We're very far from being
               | able do this.
        
               | GoblinSlayer wrote:
               | AFAIK, Japan conducted an experiment of asteroid
               | exploration by collision and it revealed chemical
               | composition. But if it's not an asteroid, it might be
               | seen as rude.
        
       | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
       | > Loeb, though, explicitly rejects the Sagan standard--"It is not
       | obvious to me why extraordinary claims require extraordinary
       | evidence," he observes--and flips its logic on its head:
       | "Extraordinary conservatism keeps us extraordinarily ignorant."
       | So long as there's a chance that 1I/2017 U1 is an alien probe,
       | we'd be fools not to pursue the idea. "If we acknowledge that
       | 'Oumuamua is plausibly of extraterrestrial-technology origin," he
       | writes, "whole new vistas of exploration for evidence and
       | discovery open before us."
       | 
       | Uh... this isn't at all clear to me. I don't think very many
       | people are saying it is impossible that Oumuamua was an alien
       | construct and actively discouraging science based on the idea it
       | could be, its just that it is a pretty big fallacy to say "we
       | don't understand it, therefore it was aliens". Recall that the
       | scientific community has gotten its hopes up about aliens several
       | times in the past with scientist proffering alien explanations
       | for "canals" on mars, pulsars, GRBs, and FRBs to name a few.
       | 
       | If we assume that Oumuamua is an alien construct, what "new
       | vistas of exploration for evidence and discovery" open up that we
       | are not already pursuing?
        
         | AlexB138 wrote:
         | > ... proffering alien explanations for "canals" on mars,
         | pulsars, GRBs, and FRBs to name a few
         | 
         | For those out there who, like me, don't know these acronyms:
         | 
         | GRBs == Gamma-Ray Bursts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-
         | ray_burst
         | 
         | FRBs == Fast Radio Bursts:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_radio_burst
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Yea, the actual fallacy is thinking you must identify what
         | something is before you have enough information. 1I/2017 U1 is
         | an unknown object and that's perfectly ok. It didn't display
         | any radio signals, unusual thrust, or extreme velocity
         | requiring it to be an alien probe. But, that doesn't prevent it
         | from being a probe either.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | Or even just a piece of debris of unnatural origin. I'm not
           | saying that's what it is, or even is likely to be, but it's
           | in the possibility space.
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | While it's true that it didn't produce any detectable radio
           | signals, it have an unexplained force acting on it. It was
           | this acceleration away from the sun that spawned the theories
           | of undetected outgassing or light pressure. As for "extreme
           | velocity", that's a bit a canard. It's traveling at
           | interstellar speeds, and humanity has already has five
           | interstellar probes today. Now none of these indicate that
           | it's probe -- working or otherwise -- but these aren't the
           | reasons against it. (Well, no radio emissions is a reason
           | against a working probe.)
           | 
           | The big unknown for me about the object is that we don't
           | actually have a good idea about its shape. Drawings show it
           | has a cigar shaped rock, which is only one possible
           | configuration compatible with the radio reflections. If only
           | we could have actually seen the object, a lot of this
           | uncertainty would have been eliminated.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | I chose _unusual_ as it had thrust consistent with comets.
             | 
             |  _After ruling out solar-radiation pressure, drag- and
             | friction-like forces, interaction with solar wind for a
             | highly magnetized object, and geometric effects originating
             | from 'Oumuamua potentially being composed of several
             | spatially separated bodies or having a pronounced offset
             | between its photocentre and centre of mass, we find comet-
             | like outgassing to be a physically viable explanation,
             | provided that 'Oumuamua has thermal properties similar to
             | comets._ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29950718/
             | 
             | PDF: https://csnbiology.org/rw_common/plugins/stacks/armadi
             | llo/me...
             | 
             | PS: At to extreme velocity, something large traveling 0.1+
             | c or even 0.01c is very likely to be aliens. This was fast,
             | but a long way from those kind of speeds.
        
         | eloff wrote:
         | > I don't think very many people are saying it is impossible
         | that Oumuamua was an alien construct and actively discouraging
         | science based on the idea it could be.
         | 
         | Actually yes. You'll be laughed out of the virtual room, not
         | get funding, and potentially damage your career.
         | 
         | As he points out in his interview with Lex (linked elsewhere in
         | the comments here) is fine to propose a multi billion dollar
         | experiment to detect oxygen on exoplanets, which is not
         | conclusive evidence of life, but to search for industrial
         | pollution is a non starter for exactly this reason. But that
         | would yield much more interesting results (both for negative
         | and positive results.)
        
           | bostonsre wrote:
           | Ridiculing scientists for plausible hypothesis seems very
           | unscientific.
        
             | eloff wrote:
             | This is very common in science. New theories are usually
             | rejected and ridiculed until/if they develop enough
             | evidence behind them to sway people.
             | 
             | Some careers are destroyed. Some scientists are only
             | vindicated posthumously. The process can take many decades.
             | 
             | Scientists, like most humans, are not that open-minded and
             | are subject to the same group-think blind spots. I think if
             | we could get better at being open-minded as a species, we'd
             | make faster progress and better ideas would win out more
             | often. This is as much true in society at large, or
             | business, as it is in science.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | _Bretz defended his theories, and this kicked off an
               | acrimonious 40-year debate over the origin of the
               | Scablands. Both Pardee and Bretz continued their research
               | over the next 30 years, collecting and analyzing evidence
               | that led them to identify Lake Missoula as the source of
               | the Spokane flood and creator of the channeled
               | scablands._
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missoula_floods
               | 
               | Also Plate Tectonics...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_development
               | _of...
        
               | eevilspock wrote:
               | Time to break out Thomas Kuhn.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | And they are careerist...
               | 
               | My Post-doc colleague during my PhD@MIT was explaining
               | this trick he does to get his system working that he
               | never publishes (one very small step of 100 steps). He
               | was concerned that if he published the step, it would
               | hurt his chances at getting a professorship.
               | 
               | It's exactly the same logic behind why code is not
               | published.
               | 
               | Because ethically you can 'hand wave it away' as obvious
               | to other experts and not worth publishing.
        
               | benibela wrote:
               | How can you be a post-doc without publishing?
        
               | remexre wrote:
               | I read that as, one step of his experimental procedure
               | isn't published.
        
               | galkk wrote:
               | I think what was meant could be described by a joke:
               | "professor writes a theorem proof on 6 pages, removes
               | pages 3 and 4 and writes 'trivially leads to'"
        
               | ntsplnkv2 wrote:
               | This is a good thing. If we entertained every crackpot
               | theory we would waste tons of time. it's good for there
               | to be some gatekeeping. Of course sometimes they're wrong
               | - but so what? That will come out if there is actual
               | evidence.
        
               | openasocket wrote:
               | It's not just science, I can think of an example from
               | pure mathematics. Cantor's work showing the
               | uncountability of the real numbers was derided by
               | prominent members of the mathematical community for
               | decades. This despite the fact that he was able to boil
               | down his argument into a proof so simple it's taught in
               | introductory undergraduate classes. Now, this was at a
               | time when mathematicians were still trying to rigorously
               | define set theory and ground mathematics on a foundation
               | of logic, but still it's a relatively simple and
               | understandable proof. I think the moral of the story is
               | that people are stubborn and are capable of disagreeing
               | about just about everything.
        
               | resource0x wrote:
               | Bad example. Cantor's theory is controversial to this
               | day.
               | 
               | "Classical logic was abstracted from the mathematics of
               | finite sets and their subsets .... Forgetful of this
               | limited origin, one afterwards mistook that logic for
               | something above and prior to all mathematics, and finally
               | applied it, without justification, to the mathematics of
               | infinite sets. This is the Fall and original sin of
               | Cantor's set theory."
               | 
               | -- Hermann Weyl
        
               | Joeri wrote:
               | Ah, but my sister always says I'm not open-minded because
               | I won't read all her antivaxer info. If we give all ideas
               | equal credence, better ideas will not win out.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | I think antivax claims have been given equal credence,
               | they've just been found false.
        
               | sli wrote:
               | A better example is that equal time is frequently given
               | to both sides of the climate change debate despite the
               | actually numbers showing that calling it a "debate" is
               | journalistic laziness. Equal credence would mean the
               | deniers only get about 3% of the allotted time to make
               | their crackpot case, because that's the closest they come
               | to being a "side" in this non-debate against the other
               | 93% that also have 100% of the data and research.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | The most recent event that comes to my mind is the lead
               | up to the discovery of H. pylori causing gastric ulcers.
        
               | hntrader wrote:
               | Another: Many World's Interpretation of QM. Not known to
               | be true but less ridiculed and more widely subscribed.
        
               | eth0up wrote:
               | Append Ignaz Semmelweis to this important list, which is
               | a plump one.
        
               | sterlind wrote:
               | Tectonic plates was another big one.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | This is a current fun topic with some controversy related
               | to tectonic plates: do solar flares cause earthquakes?
               | 
               | https://astronomy.com/news/2020/07/powerful-eruptions-on-
               | the...
        
               | Enginerrrd wrote:
               | Despite being a really stupid-sounding premise, that is
               | actually kind of interesting.
        
               | treeman79 wrote:
               | Peoples position on that one shifted very slowly.
        
               | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
               | sir, may I see your dad license please?
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | Yeah that's a good one.
               | 
               | Another is recommending trans-fat based margarine over
               | butter. That was counter-productive health advice that
               | took decades to reverse - even although the evidence it
               | was based on was extremely flimsy.
               | 
               | Once the group-think machine gets going in a direction,
               | it has a tremendous amount of inertia.
        
             | rtx wrote:
             | Yet we find this to be a recurring theme, I wonder when
             | this switch happens. From a curious boy/girl who becomes a
             | scientist to a conservative.
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | Grad school.
        
             | voldacar wrote:
             | Yes, it is. And it has also been happening for the whole
             | history of anything recognizable as "science."
             | 
             | The nice, pretty scientific method we learn about in school
             | is largely an idealized myth
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | There seems to be a giant mismatch about what side is open
         | minded. People who think its most likely aliens think it's
         | closed minded to assign that low probability, presumably
         | because we're this tiny corner of the universe. People who
         | think it's most likely not aliens Think it's closed minded to
         | assign everything else low probability, presumably because
         | aliens are a tiny corner of everything else.
         | 
         | Is it a misapplication of the anthropic principle to say there
         | are probably gazillions of advanced aliens, given that we
         | appeared and therefore life probably is common? Or is it a
         | misapplication to say it's probably just another of the
         | gazillions of non-alien things we've seen?
         | 
         | It's all differences of opinion over which claim is the
         | extraordinary one. It is bold to claim confidence about the
         | impossibility of FTL travel, or bold to claim confidence about
         | the possibility of it? Is it bold to say we're a freak
         | occurrence or bold to say we aren't? Most generally, is it bold
         | to say we know a lot or bold to say we don't?
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | Their best future course is to stop sniping at one another.
           | 
           | It is _possible_ that it 's aliens. It is _possible_ that it
           | 's not. We don't have enough evidence even to estimate
           | probabilities, so anything further is pure speculation.
           | Speculation is a look that wears no better on conservatives
           | than on radicals.
           | 
           | There is hardly a field to be found where young radicals are
           | not promoting evidence for what the tenured consider
           | anathema, waiting for the latter to retire or die and get the
           | hell out of the way. As Max Planck said, "Science advances
           | one funeral at a time."
           | 
           | It is common to insist that the right idea wins in the end,
           | but there is no reason to believe it: every case you can cite
           | in its favor amounts to confirmation bias. The frequency of
           | such examples that first languished for decades, with the
           | original proposer driven from the field, would properly make
           | us suspect that the majority of their also-correct peers
           | remain unvindicated, however many false leads have been
           | exposed. (Hypotheses promoted by women driven from a field
           | make a rich vein of ideas to vindicate.)
           | 
           | Loeb is right about one thing: the notion of "extraordinary
           | evidence" is very destructive. Evidence is evidence. It is
           | _always_ easy to make greater demands on evidence you don 't
           | like than on evidence you do, and always easy find excuses to
           | discount evidence incompatible with the consensus of the
           | moment. Every field, to be considered legitimate, should
           | maintain an officially taught compendium of "damned facts",
           | evidence that seems to be incompatible with one or more
           | leading theories. Even when a consensus theory is largely
           | correct, the damned evidence will be the basis of any
           | progress.
           | 
           | Nature doesn't play favorites: it is possible for a consensus
           | theory _and_ all its challengers to be wrong. Evidence
           | against one of the latter is not evidence in favor of the
           | former.
        
             | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
             | > Loeb is right about one thing: the notion of
             | "extraordinary evidence" is very destructive. Evidence is
             | evidence.
             | 
             | I agree with pretty much everything you're saying except
             | this. Though I still do agree with this a bit. It seems
             | like a shorthand for "be bayesian" that's unfortunately
             | taken too far too frequently. But if I have a strong prior
             | one way or another, I will need stronger evidence to turn
             | me around.
             | 
             | +1 on your main point though. Why can't more people be more
             | comfortable in a state of uncertainty ;_;
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Few things in science are more subjective than the
               | relative importance of a piece of evidence.
               | 
               | It is not at all unusual for a key measurement to be
               | wrong, but also not unusual to trust the wrong one.
        
           | gfxgirl wrote:
           | I thought the idea that there are gazillions of advanced
           | aliens has been pretty much disproven by the fermi paradox.
           | 
           | If there are gazillion, at least one out of all the diversity
           | out there should have already colonized the entire galaxy and
           | evidence should be plentiful.
        
             | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
             | There's a nice analysis of the Fermi paradox out there
             | somewhere that takes into account uncertainties in each of
             | the parameters. As you multiply them together, the
             | uncertainties compound each other. The end result is a big
             | old who knows, rather than a paradox. Our observations are
             | compatible with a really wide variety of realities, many of
             | which include lots of aliens and many of which don't.
        
             | shrimp_emoji wrote:
             | A possible chink is that civilizations just don't do that
             | -- carpet colonize the whole galaxy, or fill it with their
             | probes to the extent that we seem them all over the place.
             | The Fermi paradox relies on material (probes, colonies) and
             | light (signals).
             | 
             | With the material explained away, the lack signals is much
             | easier to explain in that we haven't listened long and we
             | can only hear very loud signals. (Or maybe advanced civs
             | don't use light and use gravity waves or tachyon beams or
             | whatever, but you don't even need to go that far.) The only
             | way we hear a signal is if it's:
             | 
             | 1. loud (high energy) and aimed directly at us, like a
             | tight beam
             | 
             | 2. EXTREMELY LOUD and aimed everywhere, isotropically
             | 
             | 1 is unlikely since they'd have to know where we are; 2 is
             | unlikely since you're talking about an _insane_ level of
             | energy. If it 's the case that civs don't seem to be making
             | Dyson spheres or harvesting whole galaxies for energy,
             | being able to throw around that kind of power is
             | prohibitively expensive. In both these cases, the inverse
             | square law applies (for every unit x of distance, the
             | light's x2 less bright). Ironically, that means we're more
             | likely to detect signals from an improbably close
             | civilization (like 4 light years next door, in Alpha
             | Centuari), than from farther away -- and even then, by a
             | chance sweep of an umodulated asteroid scanning beam[0] or
             | something, if we happened to be paying attention at the
             | time.
             | 
             | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1
        
               | jrumbut wrote:
               | Do you know if about any simulations of what it would
               | look like if there were alien radio operators?
               | 
               | If there were 50 other Earths scattered around the galaxy
               | (ones that have been broadcasting like us but for longer)
               | should the first television have imnediately picked up
               | interstellar "I Love Lucy" or would it be faint anomalies
               | from SETI? Somewhere in between?
        
             | stretchcat wrote:
             | Every advancing civilization will eventually create an
             | internet. Once they do that, interstellar travel is off the
             | table. Advanced civilizations stay closely packed because
             | they cannot tolerate latency once they get a taste for near
             | instant communication.
        
             | PoachedSausage wrote:
             | Maybe there has been some sort of accident of scale, like
             | the intergalactic fleet in Hitch Hiker Guide to the Galaxy
             | that arrives to destroy Earth but is eaten by a dog.
             | 
             | There could be a banging ET party going at the Planck scale
             | and we would never know, they might as well be on the other
             | side of the universe.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | The problem with this is that mechanics is not scale
               | invariant. This puts bounds on creatures. Unless there's
               | some crazy different way to compute I wouldn't expect a
               | being to be able to have strong cognitive functions and
               | be the size of a fly. They would also have a difficult
               | time building advanced machinery to get to galactic
               | travel scales. Similarly I wouldn't expect a creature the
               | size of a Brontosaurus to become space faring. Because of
               | their sizes they would have to consume significantly more
               | resources to build simple things. A two story house
               | probably couldn't be created out of wood or other basic
               | biological materials making it difficult to transition
               | into even the stone age. They also require higher food
               | because energy requirements aren't linear. But think how
               | much it costs to send a pound to space. Their first to
               | space would be significantly more expensive.
               | 
               | This doesn't mean these things are impossible because
               | maybe there are ways around them, but it certainty shifts
               | the probabilities by quite a bit. Given our current
               | understanding of biology _and_ mechanics it makes it much
               | more probable for creatures to be within the ballpark of
               | our size (let 's say crow to elephant?).
        
             | gfodor wrote:
             | Paradoxes are paradoxes precisely because they fail to
             | disprove two contradictory claims.
             | 
             | For the Fermi paradox, the paradox is that the immensity of
             | the universe leading to life seems obvious, yet the
             | complete absence of that life around us seems to show it's
             | not there. So it disproves nothing, but actually highlights
             | the difficulty of disproving either claim given the other.
        
               | sli wrote:
               | I never much liked this being called a paradox since it
               | has so many built in assumptions, most of them centered
               | around any given, theoretical alien civilization
               | resembling a human civilization in any way. It's a
               | limitation of what we know for sure, since there's
               | certainly no rule that civilization elsewhere should
               | resemble civilization on Earth. That's an acceptable
               | limitation, it's difficult to notice things you don't
               | know you should notice, but it's a limitation
               | nonetheless.
               | 
               | Of course, it's also possible for civilizations to be so
               | far away that we will like never detect them due to the
               | inverse square law. They could even be in parts of the
               | universe we can't observe.
        
             | mtts wrote:
             | According to the Chinese science fiction author Liu Cixin
             | the Fermi paradox is solved by the certainty that if an
             | alien civilization announces its presence to the rest of
             | the universe, one of the gazillions of other advanced alien
             | civilizations is sure to destroy it. So they keep quiet.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | The Killing Star.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | That would imply the laws of physics somehow dictate the
               | self-manifestation or creation of intelligent clouds of
               | elements (e.g. humans) who by their vary quantum waveform
               | / nature are violent and want to destroy other clouds of
               | elements even if the cost involves harvesting energy from
               | your only local star.
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | Not necessarily - the laws of physics might merely make
               | it likely enough to be common.
        
               | yoz-y wrote:
               | The books and all are nice but the Dark Forest Theory
               | doesn't hold agains much scrutiny. Among other reasons
               | because if that were true we would be already dead.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmCTmgavkrQ
        
               | galkk wrote:
               | I mean - it's called Dark Forest, but if you will look at
               | any documentary, even dark forest is full of life. You
               | will hear crickets, you will hear owls, you may see
               | fireflies.
               | 
               | The theory has catchy name, but even the earth's nature
               | disproves it.
        
               | lambda_obrien wrote:
               | If you read the three books, you realize that the true
               | message is that if you're considered a possible threat to
               | an advanced species, they'll annihilate you, otherwise
               | you'll be left alone. Maybe every other species which
               | knows about us knows we can't even leave our own
               | planet/moon right now, the most we can do is send useless
               | robots to other planets over 30 years.
        
         | y-c-o-m-b wrote:
         | > If we assume that Oumuamua is an alien construct, what "new
         | vistas of exploration for evidence and discovery" open up that
         | we are not already pursuing?
         | 
         | I think what he's trying to convey is that thinking of this
         | object under the assumption of "aliens" pushes us to develop
         | experimental technology to prove it. This could then lead to
         | future advances (whether intentional or accidental) potentially
         | helping us detect alien technology where we otherwise wouldn't
         | be able to had we not begun that pursuit. He's looking at it
         | from a very long-term perspective.
        
         | jonny_eh wrote:
         | Also infuriating since Sagan was a proponent of long-shot
         | science like SETI and the golden disc on Voyager. He proved
         | that we can be scientifically rigorous and still take chances
         | to explore.
        
       | jzer0cool wrote:
       | We should plan for another such event should Oumuamua (or
       | another) arrives again. I would find it fascinating to land on
       | such a device where we can place a beacon on it and watch it
       | through space. This may also help Oumuamua (should it be a probe)
       | to also detect a friendly landing on its ship for the remote
       | alien to detect.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | syshum wrote:
       | I watched Ancient Aliens so clearly the answer is Yes
       | 
       | /s
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/AyFjv
        
       | mrbonner wrote:
       | I just started to watch the 1993 series Star Trek new generation.
       | The show has some interesting ideas regarding advanced
       | civilizations vs the primitive ones. One of which is called the
       | prime directive prohibiting any star fleet from intervening with
       | the evolution of primitive people.
       | 
       | In one of the episodes "who watches the watcher" the USS
       | enterprise travels to planet Minkita 2 for a rescue mission and
       | encounters a primitive species of humanoid. By accident, they
       | exposed themselves and their technologies to the people there.
       | Now, those people consider star fleet personnel as god. Without
       | spoiling much, Jean Luc idea to refuse them this thought is
       | interesting and worth thinking when it comes to our scenario
       | here, don't you think?
       | 
       | (I have to say that I am now big fan of the Star Trek series with
       | Sir Patrick. How could I miss it all those years?)
        
         | t-writescode wrote:
         | What's the spoiler-filled version of what happened?
        
           | postalrat wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Watches_the_Watchers#Plot
        
         | StavrosK wrote:
         | You should try DS9 when you're done with TNG. It's very
         | different, but still great. I think they're some of the best
         | shows ever made, especially because they didn't tiptoe around
         | ethical dilemmas, they made them a main part of each episode's
         | plot.
        
           | _Microft wrote:
           | ,,Computer - erase that entire personal log"
           | 
           | This is from the DS9 episode ,,In the pale Moonlight". Check
           | Memory Alpha if you want to know more but be aware that
           | reading about this episode would be a massive spoiler if you
           | haven't watched DS9. Either way DS9 is absolutely
           | recommended.
        
           | mrbonner wrote:
           | Ann, the episode about Commander Data being asked to be
           | dissected for the study of his body? Jean Luc brilliantly
           | relates this idea of cloning the entire android to serve
           | human as a tread toward slavery. They are way ahead of us in
           | time.
        
             | StavrosK wrote:
             | The one with the court to determine whether Data is
             | sentient/human or property? Yeah, that's one of my favorite
             | episodes, and where I realized how amazing the show was.
        
             | floren wrote:
             | "The Measure of a Man", s2e9
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | After DS9 (or maybe before it), also take a look at Babylon
           | 5, the show that arguably inspired DS9 and certainly did a
           | lot of things that no Trek show to date has been bold enough
           | to try. It's a bit camp by today's standards, and the first
           | season struggles a bit in places - but the same can be fairly
           | said of TNG, and the depth of B5's narrative and
           | characterization remains in many ways unequaled since its
           | original run in the mid-90s.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | B5 is arguably the best scifi show ever in my opinion.
             | Amazing story, acting, ship battles, and philosophy
        
             | mrec wrote:
             | Agree 100%. What always struck me most about it was the
             | sheer _ambition_ of it - not just the raw scale of the
             | drama, not just setting things up in Season 1 that wouldn
             | 't pay off until the very end of Season 5 (if Michael
             | O'Hare hadn't needed to be written out), but getting
             | compelling long-term character arcs (especially for Londo
             | and G'Kar) into small-screen SF for the first time.
             | 
             | If I have one major gripe about the show, it's the way it
             | was constantly padded out with filler eps at a time when
             | JMS's ability to get the core storylines finished was still
             | in doubt. The threat to S5 and resulting hasty
             | rearrangement of S4 meant that the final season didn't hit
             | with the weight it could have done; it felt like an
             | afterthought rather than a climax.
        
             | StavrosK wrote:
             | I remember watching Babylon 5 when I was young, but I was
             | probably too young to grasp all the meanings. I will
             | rewatch it, thanks!
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | Oh, do! I also saw a few early episodes as a kid, but
               | didn't really have a chance to get what they were trying
               | to do; it wasn't until years later, when I had a chance
               | to watch the full series straight through thanks to a
               | friend's carefully made VHS tapes, that any of what I was
               | seeing really made sense to me. Nothing since then has
               | even come close to replacing B5 at the head of my SF TV
               | affections.
               | 
               | Reflecting on that experience, I think the major flaw of
               | B5 is that, in structure and intent, it was twenty or
               | more years ahead of its time. Given the handicaps under
               | which the creators then had to labor, it's even more
               | remarkable how much they accomplished - B5 might have
               | been the very first example of what we today call the
               | 'binge-worthy show', made on a shoestring in a time when
               | syndication and time slots and missed episodes were still
               | problems that a show could have. This show overcame them
               | admirably - even so, I can't help but wish a little for
               | the chance to see what the same people could've
               | accomplished today, with the kind of resources available
               | for something like _Stranger Things_.
               | 
               | That won't happen, of course, not least because the show
               | is niche even by comparison with something like Firefly.
               | For the same reason, even a Trek-style HD remaster is
               | unlikely - a shame in its own right, since the then-
               | revolutionary CGI space effects are by far the part of
               | the show that's aged most badly, and a shame all over
               | again because the creators were looking far enough ahead
               | to shoot in 16:9 and 5.1 surround throughout, which would
               | give an HD remaster the kind of payoff that, if we're
               | being honest, the ones done for old Trek shows never
               | really have.
               | 
               | In any case, it's a small miracle the show got made at
               | all, and another that it ended up being so close to what
               | JMS intended it to be. Anyone who can enjoy TNG or DS9
               | today can, I think, enjoy B5 at least as well, and on
               | that basis I recommend it without the slightest
               | reservation.
        
               | StavrosK wrote:
               | I'll definitely watch then, thank you. As a sidenote, I
               | _think_ that the TNG I watched has remastered CGI. I
               | remember remarking how good the CGI looked for the 90s,
               | and realized /heard later than they redid all the CGI.
               | The new CGI was definitely not out of place, if not
               | fairly good, but I'm not _entirely_ sure that what I 'm
               | saying is true. Just mentioning it in case you wanted to
               | look into it.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | I saw the originals when they were first broadcast, and
               | have since seen the remasters. The latter definitely
               | improve on the look of the series, but incrementally, and
               | they also suffer from some of the same problem that led
               | the makers of Generations to underlight scenes on, and
               | finally blow up, the Enterprise-D: while TNG's space
               | effects were on par with movies of their time, its sets
               | and props were decidedly _not_ , having been designed
               | with the understanding that SD TV quality would hide a
               | lot of imperfections that would be visible otherwise.
               | Beside that, the pillarboxing necessary to render 4:3
               | content on a 16:9 display feels really obtrusive these
               | days, or so at least I've come to find it since 16:9
               | became the standard.
               | 
               | The thing about B5 is that few of its space scenes
               | involve much compositing, since they were all CGI from
               | the start and compositing was hard back then. For that
               | reason, I think a space-effects redo would be unusually
               | feasible for that show, albeit still too expensive for
               | anyone to actually _do_ one.
               | 
               | A harder, if smaller, remastering issue would be that
               | they shot practical effects on video and special effects
               | on film, largely due to that being the cheapest option
               | for both. In standard definition you can't really see the
               | difference, but watching the show today you definitely
               | do.
        
               | BugWatch wrote:
               | TMK very little of its effects are strictly new: almost
               | all are digitally re-composited, color-corrected and
               | slightly enhanced high-resolution scans of the original
               | film footage (which used physical models and optical
               | effects), since they were still available. IIRC, planets
               | - as seen from space - are a notable exception (and
               | better for it). It was a major remastering process, with
               | beautiful results. (Although major, remastering cost less
               | (for the whole series) than a single episode of the (IMO)
               | abomination called "Discovery".)
               | 
               | Sadly, such an approach is impossible for the majority
               | parts of the latter series (DS9, VOY) since their effects
               | were mostly CGI, and rendered directly to standard
               | definition video. Further more, many of the 3D models and
               | scenes have been lost, so it would probably require a
               | total effects re-do from scratch (on top of film stock
               | scans), which is "a very costly proposition with
               | questionable (financial) returns".
        
           | nobody9999 wrote:
           | >You should try DS9 when you're done with TNG. It's very
           | different, but still great.
           | 
           | I'm going to recommend Babylon 5 for this as well. It's not
           | nearly as utopian as Star Trek and focuses on many of the
           | issues interacting with other people/groups/alien species
           | that ST (DS9 does do this, in some respects) generally
           | ignores.
           | 
           | It also doesn't ignore capitalism, greed and general bad
           | behavior like ST mostly does.
        
         | kenny87 wrote:
         | Those that like this episode would also very much enjoy VOY,
         | Episode 6x12, Blink of an Eye [1]. Fascinating premise,
         | essentially a pre-warp society views Voyager as a sky deity,
         | eventually Voyager becomes the raison d'etre for the scientific
         | progress of an entire civilization.
         | 
         | [1] https://memory-
         | alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Blink_of_an_Eye_(episod...
        
         | GoblinSlayer wrote:
         | Don't people in Star Trek have our culture? But our culture is
         | that of a primitive civilization, which means they are
         | primitive too.
        
           | yoz-y wrote:
           | Star Trek definition of primitive is "no warp drive tech".
        
         | cpuguy83 wrote:
         | You're in for a great ride! Enjoy!
        
         | flycaliguy wrote:
         | I can't say I've ever seen a post on the internet go ahead and
         | explain what the prime directive is before.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | Yes, having the prime directive explained on the internet
           | almost seems 'alien'
        
         | bierjunge wrote:
         | S03E04 for everybody who want's to watch it.
         | 
         | Star Trek and especially TNG is one of the best SciFi series
         | made. The technological point of view is very interesting, but
         | the philosophical issues are even more intriguing and up to
         | date.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Great shows though TNG doesn't hit its stride until the third
         | season. Don't give up early. The main problem is too many
         | episodes per season; several are "phoned in" per season.
         | 
         | I loved watching the remastered version on Netflix, it looked
         | better than new.
         | 
         | Second on the Babylon 5 recommendations, it is one of the best
         | sci fi shows ever. Was hooked
        
         | silicon2401 wrote:
         | by 1993 series do you mean the 1993 season? I was confused at
         | first because I thought it was from the 80s and just confirmed
         | that it came out in 87.
         | 
         | Anyway, definitely an excellent show. I watched it a bit as a
         | kid when it aired on G4 and I've been meaning to get back into
         | it.
        
           | mrbonner wrote:
           | I watch it on Netflix and the title shows 1993. I am confused
           | as well but I realized that 1993 is the last season. The show
           | itself was in the 80s.
        
         | wait_a_minute wrote:
         | That's one of the biggest problems I have with Star Trek. If we
         | were literally gods by comparison to some fledgling species,
         | the only ethical approach would be to elevate them and cure
         | their diseases and advance their knowledge as quickly as
         | humanly possible.
        
           | cpuguy83 wrote:
           | The ideals behind the Prime Directive were from Vulcan
           | influence. The theory behind it is they tried to do exactly
           | that and it led to disaster in every case.
        
             | 7thaccount wrote:
             | A lot of scifi shows have been influenced by this. In
             | Stargate SG-1 (spoilers):
             | 
             | The Tollan civilization were humans taken from earth
             | millennia ago that developed science faster than us and
             | ended up being one of the most advanced races in the
             | galaxy. They gave a source of limitless energy to more
             | primitive aliens on a nearby planet in their solar system
             | (think Mars versus Earth) and those aliens weaponized it
             | and blew up part of their own planet. It messed up the
             | Tollan's own planer's orbit, so they had to find a new
             | planet and now don't share any technology.
        
           | Coriolis3 wrote:
           | Check out Iain M. Banks's "Culture" novels for a sci fi
           | society that takes that approach to other civilizations. The
           | Culture tries to raise up every lesser species of aliens to
           | their own level of hedonist, post-scarcity wealth and
           | technology. "The Player of Games" is both a good introduction
           | to the series and an example of their cultural outreach at
           | work.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | Thanks a ton, will definitely check those out as I've not
             | yet seen any writing that explores this idea.
        
           | readmodifywrite wrote:
           | There are TNG episodes that specifically deal with that, and
           | the problems it causes. I think ENT had a few as well,
           | instances which led them to the creation of the Prime
           | Directive.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | I will have to check those out since I've not seen them.
             | I'm open-minded to it, but also pretty confident that the
             | weight of the logic will eventually fall on the side of
             | being good and helpful to others if we ever make it to the
             | stars.
        
           | Xelbair wrote:
           | but were we, humanity, gods?
           | 
           | There is always a chance that the Higher Civilization missed
           | something - culturally, scientifically or artistically
           | speaking. Letting such civilization emerge, and help them
           | ascend when they reach certain level seems to be saner and
           | safer approach.
           | 
           | The Higher Civilization might've been stuck in local maxima,
           | adding such random element might let the Higher Civilisation
           | absorb the best parts and move towards another, better local
           | maxima.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | You raise good points, but what you're missing in my
             | opinion is that life is precious and finite. And if we can
             | elevate ourselves and other species to a higher state of
             | life and consciousness and even longer life spans, I
             | believe we have a moral obligation to do it. It'd certainly
             | be wise to do it, even if only to have allies against the
             | vast darkness and whatever lurks in it that might hate us
             | or our friends.
        
             | JackFr wrote:
             | "Higher" indicates an ordering. How do you rank
             | civilizations? If we replace "higher" with "more advanced"
             | it's still not an obvious thing.
        
           | cbozeman wrote:
           | Imagine a race of ultra-advanced aliens were to give us
           | technology that keeps us not only alive indefinitely, but
           | robust and healthy, without disease. Just that one piece of
           | technology. Not even weird weapons like antimatter bombs,
           | etc.
           | 
           | Do you think humanity would suddenly come together in
           | understanding and peace to explore the stars and advance
           | ourselves... or do you think people who already have enormous
           | wealth and power would keep themselves positioned such that
           | their influence and control grows?
           | 
           | Yeah...
           | 
           | We're not fucking _worthy_ of that kind of technology.
           | Neither are any other species.
           | 
           | Its the struggle to acquire knowledge and power that gives
           | you the wisdom to use it for beneficial purposes. This is the
           | whole core of Ian Malcolm's speech to John Hammond in
           | _Jurassic Park_ (the book), but also to a lesser extent, the
           | movie.
        
             | rmah wrote:
             | Well no, but people would be robust and healthy, without
             | disease. And IMO, that's a positive even if all our other
             | failings are still there.
        
               | wait_a_minute wrote:
               | And it would certainly be an improved platform for us to
               | build upon and advance even more.
        
               | stocknoob wrote:
               | For the individual, yes, but for society? Death is
               | nature's term limit. Without it we'd be under a Pharaoh
               | with bronze-age ethics.
        
               | wait_a_minute wrote:
               | Unless we figure out how to drastically extend our
               | lifespans or do away with death altogether, although who
               | even knows if it's possible...
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | >Imagine a race of ultra-advanced aliens were to give us
             | technology that keeps us not only alive indefinitely, but
             | robust and healthy, without disease. Just that one piece of
             | technology. Not even weird weapons like antimatter bombs,
             | etc.
             | 
             | I think that exactly what happened 2000 years ago.
             | Unfortunately we just failed to understand most of the info
             | and it got lost "in translation" due to communication
             | barrier. The good thing is they did promise to return and
             | try again when hopefully our development and ability to
             | understand would get a bit more advanced.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | We've never experienced this or had the chance to do it, so
             | all we have to go off of are parallels to how we interact
             | with each other. If we did this for others, we'd need to
             | mentor and guide them into the future. If others did this
             | for us, they'd need to do the same rather than just boost
             | our tech and then abandon us.
             | 
             | I'm optimistic that if it happened to us, even in the
             | limited hypothetical you presented, we'd rapidly transform
             | as a species for the better. Now, if that would've happened
             | 50 years ago or longer...not so optimistic.
        
           | mrlala wrote:
           | Aren't there some amazon tribes that have basically had no
           | contact with the modern world? By your logic, we are under an
           | ethical obligation to go in and "modernize them".
           | 
           | So, you have an example right in front of you.. it's no
           | longer hypothetical.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | It's reasonable to try it, but that could also fail quite
           | spectacularly which was the actual justification. Further,
           | their where many examples of such failures. Honestly, I found
           | the idea quite refreshing as it suggests Star Fleet
           | incompetence was the root issue rather than pure ethics. And
           | really understanding the culture, biology, politics, etc of
           | an alien species well enough to be a net positive across
           | generations is an extremely difficult task.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | I do appreciate this nuance. If it was primarily because
             | Star Fleet was afraid to mess up, that's understandable.
             | But if I were to see a fledgling species being struck down
             | by some disease or natural calamity, I think in reality
             | it'd make more sense to at least try to save them and
             | elevate them than to just life extinguish that way.
        
           | GoblinSlayer wrote:
           | Already done for indians. Impossibility of FTL travel just
           | saved all life in universe from you.
        
             | sterlind wrote:
             | What wiped out most of the Indians was plague and genocide
             | while seizing territory and resources.
             | 
             | I don't think plague would be an issue - viruses require
             | proteins to be similar to attach and reproduce, and
             | bacteria require nutrients to be the same. And as for
             | resources? Asteroid mining will get you more water,
             | minerals and metals.
             | 
             | But territory - terraforming might be really difficult or
             | take too long. If aliens need an oxygen/CO2/nitrogen
             | atmosphere and liquid water, Earth could be tempting, even
             | if the plant/animal life is useless to them.
             | 
             | If territory isn't an issue, maybe we'd just be friends or
             | anthropological curios.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | The trend of our species has been to become more moral and
             | nice to one another. Read up on how humans viewed one
             | another 1,000 years ago or 10,000 years ago and see the
             | trend. There's no reason to believe or to ONLY believe that
             | we'd be a violent and evil species if we became space-
             | fairing and had FTL travel. In such a far future, I'd like
             | to choose to work towards and to think about having a
             | society that is even more moral than what it is now.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | > as humanly possible
           | 
           | There's some post-colonial baggage to unpack there.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | Only if you choose to read that into my comment or to be
             | negative about the future.
        
           | clort wrote:
           | see also David Brin's Uplift novels, which deal with this by
           | having more advanced species engage with undeveloped species
           | and be responsible for their upbringing, as it were.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | Huge thank you for the recommendation, I love the concept
             | and will check out those novels for sure.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | Humans can't manage that on earth.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | Not even for other humans, and not just because we can't or
             | won't foot the bill for more education and medication, but
             | also because encouraging relatively primitive tribes to
             | abandon their traditions and join the modern world is
             | widely seen as unethical.
        
               | wait_a_minute wrote:
               | I see no issues with telling tribes or ancient cultures
               | or fledgling species if their beliefs about reality are
               | incorrect. Otherwise those faulty beliefs could lead the
               | species to extinction.
        
               | sterlind wrote:
               | There's education and then there's coercion. The Amish
               | know that technology and modern society exist, and they
               | even participate some for work, but they don't bring it
               | back home, and they haven't altered their way of life.
               | 
               | Coercion is like the Indian boarding school programs in
               | the Pacific Northwest. Taking Indian children away from
               | their parents and beating them if they spoke their native
               | languages, with the goal of wiping out the culture and
               | forcing assimilation.
               | 
               | I'm cool with the Amish method but not the boarding
               | schools.
        
               | wait_a_minute wrote:
               | I'm okay with not coercing someone into something. As
               | long as it's a choice, I see no harm in that. Although
               | ultimately we need to make sure that people are actually
               | educated enough to make an informed choice, and aren't
               | instead so steeped in their incorrect views of reality
               | that they can't make any progress...
               | 
               | What I'm saying can definitely be abused or
               | misinterpreted if someone wants to justify atrocities,
               | but that's their negative interpretation and their
               | choice. The positive interpretation here would be that
               | I'd prefer a choice for anyone who wants to be Amish, as
               | long as being Amish doesn't mean that you're completely
               | trapped in that society if you're born into it. Some
               | ideologies trap the mind.
        
             | wait_a_minute wrote:
             | Not yet, but we can and I believe we will. That's been the
             | trend of history since we've existed.
        
         | bigmattystyles wrote:
         | Reading TNG described as a 30 year old series (which it is),
         | but being seen as novel by op has made me feel real old. (I'm
         | just about 40) It's like when I'm with interns and bring up
         | back to the future....
        
       | lo_fye wrote:
       | Many people have seen them so near that there's no possible way
       | it's a misidentification. For example, standing in the same room,
       | indoors, in their homes... or outside in groups with many other
       | corroborating witnesses (Google "Ariel School Zimbabwe mass
       | sighting"). They're not all lying. In fact, if even just 1 is
       | true, then yes we are being visited by aliens.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | The problem is that in the past you had corroborating evidence
         | for gods, demons, angels, witches, etc. until "aliens" became
         | the socially acceptable "unexplained thing."
         | 
         | If those "interpretations" weren't correct, there is very
         | little evidence that "aliens" is a correct interpretation and
         | that future generations won't have a different one.
         | 
         | In addition, the one thing that we now know scientifically is
         | that "first hand observation" is notoriously unreliable.
        
         | johnisgood wrote:
         | I did not search for it yet, but "Mass psychogenic illness"[1]
         | is a thing. From Wikipedia: "Mass psychogenic illness (MPI),
         | also called mass sociogenic illness, mass psychogenic disorder,
         | epidemic hysteria, or mass hysteria, is the rapid spread of
         | illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive
         | group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving
         | excitation, loss, or alteration of function, whereby physical
         | complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no
         | corresponding organic aetiology.".
         | 
         | There also have been mass hysteria cases:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_hysteria_cases
         | 
         | I would also like to mention "Folie a deux"[2]. From Wikipedia:
         | "Folie a deux ('madness for two'), also known as shared
         | psychosis or shared delusional disorder (SDD), is a psychiatric
         | syndrome in which symptoms of a delusional belief, and
         | sometimes hallucinations, are transmitted from one individual
         | to another.".
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | Many people genuinely believe they have seen Bigfoot, the Loch
         | Ness monster (almost entirely disproven at this point), magic,
         | and miracles happen before their eyes.
         | 
         | It doesn't make it true.
        
       | higerordermap wrote:
       | They visited, saw Golang and left.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | and they're planning to return with a new generics proposal...
        
       | philip142au wrote:
       | The answer is no
        
       | trestenhortz wrote:
       | It's not aliens.
       | 
       | Nothing can convince me that there's any practical way to travel
       | the distances between the stars.
       | 
       | If you don't agree then I think you fundamentally don't grasp how
       | incomprehensibly vast those distances are.
       | 
       | I absolutely believe in life in other worlds but there's no way
       | to travel from star to star.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | And yet, stuff does all the time. We see wandering objects
         | enter and leave our solar neighborhood.
         | 
         | It's just a matter of time - perhaps on human timescales its
         | inconceivable. But that's a problem with humans, not with
         | interstellar travel.
        
         | xtracto wrote:
         | Angels vs Viruses.
         | 
         | About 20 years ago I read an interesting theory about how
         | theoretical aliens would look to us if we happen to find them.
         | The theory was that the assuming that there is life other than
         | earth's in the universe, the probability of it being within
         | +-10,000 years of current human development (i.e being similar
         | to us now +- 10,000 years) is very very small. Most likely,
         | life outside the earth will be 20k, 30k or even 50k, or more
         | years in the future technologically, socially and medically
         | advanced.
         | 
         | Think about, how a human now would look like to a human 50,000
         | years ago. Or how humanity would look like in 50,000 years. For
         | all I know, we will be able to replace every organ (lab tissue
         | growing), live for a LONG time (Hyperbaric oxygen therapy,
         | metformin) and other unimaginable things.
         | 
         | So, if we encountered "space traveling" aliens, their frame of
         | reference would be completely out of our understanding.
        
         | time0ut wrote:
         | I doubt that this was anything but a natural object.
         | 
         | That said, our civilization already has the technology to send
         | a probe to another star system. It may take 100k years to get
         | there, but it could be done if we wanted to. Theoretically,
         | sending a tiny probe within a human life time isn't that far
         | out of reach.
         | 
         | I don't think we can discount the general possibility based on
         | our own capabilities, limitations, and motivations. If we were
         | not constrained by our biology, maybe spending thousands of
         | years in transit wouldn't be a big deal. Or maybe a few gram
         | payload is all we need to explore the neighborhood.
        
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