[HN Gopher] Finland has slashed homelessness; the rest of Europe...
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       Finland has slashed homelessness; the rest of Europe is failing
        
       Author : ashergill
       Score  : 161 points
       Date   : 2021-01-25 14:13 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | jswizzy wrote:
       | Anyone who thinks that just giving the homeless shelter fixes the
       | problem doesn't understand the problem to begin with.
        
         | ashcza wrote:
         | I highly recommend listening to 99 Percent Invisible's new 5
         | part series on homelessness in America. Saying shelter doesn't
         | fix the problem is misleading, as it is typically a required
         | component to solving other issues that person is facing.
         | 
         | https://99percentinvisible.org/need/
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | The evidence, from Utah (Salt Lake City also attempted and was
         | somewhat successful with Housing First) to Finland says
         | otherwise. Housing the homeless _is cheaper_ and gets them
         | stability to address the core issues (addiction, job placement,
         | etc) with social services (which is incredibly difficult when
         | folks are transient and sleeping rough).
         | 
         | With that said:
         | 
         | > Meanwhile, illegal immigration creates a homeless population
         | many countries are unwilling to house. That is sabotaging the
         | shift to housing first.
         | 
         | You can't house everyone who comes to your country with no
         | means to support themselves. Resources are finite.
        
           | lostcolony wrote:
           | That same issue applies to different states. It always makes
           | me roll my eyes when conservative pundits point to blue
           | states' homelessness as a reason why socially liberal
           | policies fail; no, but social policies will attract people
           | needing them from anywhere accessible that doesn't have those
           | policies. Hence why it needs to be done at a national level.
        
           | Eridrus wrote:
           | Not to say the general approach is bad, but I think the cost
           | side is overplayed. It depends a lot on what the
           | cost/structure of your existing response is, and critically,
           | whether you can actually realize any savings after the shift.
           | Both because it is hard to reduce staffing/infrastructure,
           | but also because many costs are not actually born directly by
           | the city (eg medical costs are born by the hospitals).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | cheph wrote:
             | > Not to say the general approach is bad, but I think the
             | cost side is overplayed.
             | 
             | Not sure why I, as an immigrant to Europe myself, should
             | pay cover the cost for illegal aliens while I cannot
             | provide properly for my own relatives in my home country.
             | It is unconscionable.
        
               | Eridrus wrote:
               | We live in an imperfect world with many constraints and
               | trade-offs. Why did you have to emigrate, while others
               | were already born into lucky countries? Why are some
               | people denied the right to emigrate?
               | 
               | Life is various shades of unfair and we're more likely to
               | make a better world if we optimize for well being rather
               | than fairness (of which there are multiple competing and
               | contradictory definitions).
        
               | cheph wrote:
               | > Why did you have to emigrate, while others were already
               | born into lucky countries?
               | 
               | A lot of people worked very hard to make the place I
               | immigrated from the place it is today, most of them are
               | still there. No luck about it.
               | 
               | > Why are some people denied the right to emigrate?
               | 
               | As far as I know all EU countries give everyone equal
               | rights to immigrate. Maybe you should check your facts.
               | 
               | > Life is various shades of unfair and we're more likely
               | to make a better world if we optimize for well being
               | rather than fairness
               | 
               | How exactly is it optimizing for well being to ignore the
               | corruption, injustice and bad governance in Africa?
               | 
               | Europeans should open their eyes, the world is collapsing
               | around them while they sign treaties with China which is
               | actively destroying Africa while committing genocide in
               | their own country - and Europe does not care. Russia is
               | busy oppressing their own people and it's neighbors while
               | Germany is building a pipeline to them. This behaviour of
               | Europe is pathetic cowardice, grow a backbone. Spending
               | my tax money on illegal immigrants does not make the
               | world fairer.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | it's 3 areas: -income inequality -low cost housing supplies
         | -mental health -job inequality
         | 
         | Finland seems to be tackling some of the others in some fashion
         | via their approach to democratic socialism government
         | initiatives.
        
         | jedimastert wrote:
         | No, but it's almost impossible to get out of homelessness
         | without it. It's really hard to do anything more with your day
         | if you have to spend most of it making sure you have enough
         | calories and a "safe" place to sleep.
         | 
         | This doesn't fix everything, but there is a not-as-small-as-
         | you-might-think subset of people for whom the only reason they
         | continue to be homeless is they can't do anything other than
         | figure out what they're gonna eat that day
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | "for whom the only reason they continue to be homeless is
           | they can't do anything other than figure out what they're
           | gonna eat that day"
           | 
           | I'm not sure I believe this. Why did they become homeless in
           | first place? With most there is an underlying issue. It might
           | be that they are a felon, addict, or other medical issue.
           | It's not that hard to ask for a job while also asking for
           | money or food. Especially if you're already going to food
           | establishment dumpster or begging outside of them.
           | 
           | The person I know the best who homeless had a combination of
           | issues. He was in a coma and lost his job. He was also
           | required to pay child support and the bank account ran dry
           | during that time. A warrant was issued and he was arrested.
           | You can't find any "good" jobs with a record and warrants
           | being issued. He basically gave up on the system and finds it
           | easier to just let family support him.
        
             | jedimastert wrote:
             | > Why did they become homeless in first place?
             | 
             | I think you are vastly underestimating how easy it is to go
             | from poor to homeless. There was a ~3 year period of my
             | life where all it would have taken is one bad month. Just
             | one. And it wasn't for lack of trying, or because of
             | laziness or mental illness. Just real bad luck and starting
             | out in a not-great place within a not-great system.
             | 
             | Homelessness is a hole that is easy to fall into and damn
             | hard to crawl out of, and not to be insensitive but the
             | assumptions you're making are part of the problem.
             | 
             | When you assume that homelessness is fundamentally caused
             | by a fault in the person, that person is basically dammed
             | to stay homeless. The things you say here are the same
             | reasons people give to not hire a homeless person. "They
             | must either be crazy or lazy, neither of which is an
             | employee I want".
             | 
             | That's not to mention the fact that there are a surprising
             | number of homeless people that _do_ have jobs, but just don
             | 't make enough money to save up to get anything better
             | (which, yes, is a failing of the system). Most people don't
             | realize this if they haven't lived it, but being poor is
             | _very expensive_.
             | 
             | > He basically gave up on the system and finds it easier to
             | just let family support him.
             | 
             | Some people don't have a family that could support another
             | person.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "When you assume that homelessness is fundamentally
               | caused by a fault in the person, "
               | 
               | When did I say that? The stuff I listed, like addiction,
               | other medical issues, and the failings of the system
               | aren't personal faults.
               | 
               | "I think you are vastly underestimating how easy it is to
               | go from poor to homeless."
               | 
               | I've made no such claim. My claim is that finding food is
               | probably not the main problem keeping homeless people
               | homeless. You're talking about poor -> homeless, I'm
               | talking about other direction of homeless -> poor (in
               | response to the parent comment). Food may be a component,
               | but I think it's more likely issues in the system like
               | not hiring people with a record, medical or addiction
               | issues, or just not being able to afford housing due to
               | lack of good employment, property taxes. These are quite
               | expensive compared to food and lack the level of charity
               | and government support that is given to food (SNAP, WIC,
               | food pantries, etc), not to mention individuals are more
               | likely to give someone a meal than a place to stay or a
               | job.
        
         | devoutsalsa wrote:
         | There are a lot of reasons to be homeless and not want to stay
         | in a homeless shelter. A big one is security. When I was
         | homeless and learning to code, I couldn't afford to replace my
         | laptop. People told me that if I stayed in a homeless shelter,
         | there was a good chance my laptop would be stolen. I chose not
         | to stay in one for that reason alone.
         | 
         | A few years later, I offered to let a homeless coding student
         | stay with me for a couple weeks while she got housing lined up.
         | She didn't have one of her own, so I gave her my old MacBook
         | Air. She made arrangements to stay in a shelter, left my place,
         | and her laptop was stolen within a week.
         | 
         | Safety & security matter, and any solution that is going to
         | effectively address homelessness needs to take this into
         | account.
        
         | dbattaglia wrote:
         | That's kind of a strong statement to make without some
         | explanation. I'm curious, what is the core of the problem you
         | are referencing that free shelter doesn't "fix"? Mental health,
         | addiction, something else entirely?
        
         | porb121 wrote:
         | There is outstanding evidence that giving the homeless shelter
         | does in fact fix the problem.
         | 
         | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H9oD3zeBPua7r5wFoHVrMZmmiqK...
        
         | throwaway2a02 wrote:
         | Could you be a bit more specific? People end up homeless
         | because they are cut from society, have no social support to
         | fall back to, no way of supporting themselves. Most commonly
         | they get to that situation due to mental illness and
         | addiction/substance abuse is an ever-present comorbidity with
         | that.
         | 
         | But the fact is, not having a shelter, running water, a way to
         | cover their basic needs is what amplifies their suffering and
         | dispairs to level where they simply can't get back on their
         | feet. They can't get a job if you smell, your clothes are dirty
         | and you're desperate and hungry. A shelter is a necessary
         | condition I think for getting out of that cycle, and thus a
         | very important first step.
        
         | exDM69 wrote:
         | The model used in Finland is anything but "just giving the
         | homeless a shelter". It's accompanied by a lot of social work,
         | together with medical, mental and substance abuse care.
         | 
         | The reason for providing housing (not just a shelter, although
         | those exist too) is that social work and care are ineffective
         | when a person is homeless. When someone spends all their energy
         | on staying warm, clean, safe and fed, they are unable to help
         | themselves to a better life.
         | 
         | Providing housing was found to be more effective than adding
         | the same amount of funding to social and medical programs.
         | 
         | Extensive research has been done with this, I'm sure you can
         | find some in English language too if you find the article too
         | hard to believe.
        
       | usr1106 wrote:
       | Well, there are fewer homeless in Finnish cities than in many
       | other European big cities. Note that there are only 5 cities in
       | Finland that are big enough for homeless people. I don't think
       | homeless people live in small towns anywhere in Europe.
       | 
       | On the other hand a Finnish newspaper wrote just yesterday[1]
       | that the amount of street children (teenagers mostly) is
       | increasing all the time and nobody really cares. The phenomenon
       | goes mostly unreported, because according to the law it's
       | impossible to happen. Authorities would be obliged to take care,
       | in reality they are incapable. Mostly understaffed and to some
       | degree also incompetent.
       | 
       | [1] Don't remember which one, read 3 of them.
        
         | eulenteufel wrote:
         | I come from a German town with ~25.000 People, far away from
         | any major city and there definitely are homeless people. It's
         | not a lot in comparison to big cities like Berlin, but they do
         | exist.
        
       | Cloudef wrote:
       | Note that the "homeless" people in Finland are mainly people who
       | refuse to accept support from the social welfare, this is because
       | they prefer to get drunk instead of spending it on food and rent.
       | The social welfare eventually suggests a different system for
       | such people: pay the rent for them and give a special card that
       | can be used for anything except alcohol and cigarette. If the
       | people keep refusing that other option, then they went homeless
       | on their own accord and keep spending the welfare on alcohol and
       | living on the streets. Such people are very rare in Finland in
       | reality however, but they do exist.
       | 
       | There is also one woman [1] who for whatever reason chooses to
       | live homeless with bunch of luggage. She doesn't drink at all,
       | and keeps moving from town to town with all her luggage, by
       | walking.
       | 
       | Here's also a discussion about the Roma beggars you see in
       | Helsinki streets. [2]
       | 
       | 1: https://shl.fi/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/IMG_2935.jpg
       | 
       | 2:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Finland/comments/79mqjs/question_ab...
       | 
       | While giving people who can't afford the food or housing, the
       | food and housing mainly has upsides. It also has problem of
       | artificially inflating housing and rent prices. Especially in the
       | capital where most career opportunities are. (Helsinki is very
       | expensive place to live)
        
         | jeofken wrote:
         | To be fair to the reputation of Romanians on HN, the beggars
         | and squatters around Finland, Norway, and Sweden are not ethnic
         | Romanians even if they often are born there, but come from the
         | Zigeuner/Gypsy/Roma people.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ido wrote:
           | Investigating how Romanians often think and talk about the
           | Roma people in their country may be more harmful to their
           | reputation than thinking the beggars are non-Roma Romanians.
        
             | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
             | Things are more complicated than that. Romania is home to
             | more than one Roma people. The Roma who go to Finland for
             | organized begging are almost exclusively from the south of
             | the country. They can actually seem quite foreign to
             | Romanians from e.g. parts of Transylvania. There, the local
             | Roma are often associated with different ways of making a
             | living than begging, and speak a different set of languages
             | preferentially. Some ethnic Romanians from Transylvania may
             | be very tolerant about their local Roma community, but feel
             | that those particular Roma people from particular counties
             | are ruining things for everyone. Even Transylvanian Roma
             | people can feel that way about the Roma from elsewhere.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | I don't think it's fair to single us out, though. This
             | social problem, integration, is present in almost exactly
             | the same way in Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Serbia. To a
             | lesser degree it's also present in Spain from what I know.
             | 
             | It's far from a simple problem. As the Finns are
             | discovering.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | True, this is widespread and not unique to Romania.
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | Finland is home to a centuries-old Roma community that
               | arrived via Sweden. They too are seen as abusing social
               | services and not integrating, the same general
               | stereotypes as in southern Europe. (Members of this
               | community can often be identified in Helsinki from their
               | distinctive clothing, the women wear traditional skirts.)
               | 
               | So, Finns are already aware that Roma populations often
               | live in tension with the major ethnicity of a country.
               | However, the confusion about the ethnic makeup of Romania
               | along with other Balkan countries persists due to the
               | coincidentally similar names for these ethnicities, and
               | lack of interest among the Finnish population about
               | educating themselves about a region that seems far away
               | and to which very few go to on holiday.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | True. I checked and Helsinki is as far from Munich as it
               | is from Bucharest, to choose a semi-random comparison
               | point.
               | 
               | I guess perception will shift as these regions become
               | more touristic.
        
         | Blikkentrekker wrote:
         | I have read stories about almost any European country wherein
         | it is claimed that homelessness is a choice, and that there are
         | facilities that the homeless aren't utilizing, because they
         | praefer to the homeless or are plain stupid.
         | 
         | In many of those cases the actual situation is more complicated
         | and the actual protocol is so involved and complicated that it
         | is very hard for a homeless man to research.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | I find it almost incomprehensible the first time sometimes
           | told me (in the UK) they were going to sleep on the street
           | because the shelter didn't allow drugs. I don't think they
           | were a particularly special case.
           | 
           | Victims of circumstance to some extent, but not stupid nor
           | really living their preferred life I'd wager.
           | 
           | I suspect you need a stable caring society for a couple of
           | generations and still there will be some outliers. A worthy
           | cause to address though.
        
           | ogre_codes wrote:
           | Many homeless reject shelters because they would have to give
           | up much of their personal possessions, can't have a pet, live
           | under tight restrictions, and deal with theft from other
           | homeless people in the shelter.
           | 
           | Giving people small, secure apartments would solve many of
           | these issues along with many emergency hospital visits and
           | many other issues.
        
             | malcolmhere wrote:
             | Many shelters in the US are run be religious organizations
             | and discriminate against gay people, too. This is
             | particularly a problem because LGBTQ make up a sizeable
             | chunk of homeless youth (think: kids getting kicked out by
             | parents).
        
               | eznzt wrote:
               | What is your source for that? Also, how do those shelters
               | know the guy is gay? They have gaydars at the entrance?
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | There are absolutely _some_ homeless people who choose to
           | reject housing assistance and shelter programs. I know
           | because I did some volunteering to help the homeless and met
           | a handful of individuals that were happy to accept donations
           | but refused to be committed to any program. They refused to
           | have rules imposed on them by the shelters and preferred the
           | freedom of doing as they please. One of these individuals has
           | been homeless since the late 80 's and seems quite content
           | with his lifestyle. I'm not claiming this is typical, but
           | there are certainly more people like him out there.
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | > Such people are very rare in Finland in reality however,
         | 
         | Given the severity of Finnish winters, I'm not surprised.
         | 
         | Try a similar approach in, say, Hawaii or the Bahamas, and see
         | how many homeless you'll see roaming around.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | We have real life data. Cities in California are spending
           | north of $50,000 a year per homeless person (higher than
           | finland's median income!) and the problem is still as bad as
           | ever. The climate is also dry and warm 330 days a year.
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | With that kind of spending, how can it be that homeless
             | people have trouble finding shelters? Sounds like a lot of
             | that money is going to middlemen and outsourcing companies
             | than the actual people that need it.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Unless things changed since I last looked, that number is
               | obtained by taking the budget and dividing by the number
               | of people still homeless.
               | 
               | So, for instance, if you had 100 potholes and paid $1
               | million to fix 99 of them, leaving a single pothole, this
               | statistic would read: you spent $1 million per pothole.
        
               | eindiran wrote:
               | You can use other metrics (eg the NHIP count[0]), but
               | they point to the same thing. Under the NHIP count
               | metric, SF is doing better than most metropolitan areas
               | in the US, but even with huge spending on the problem,
               | the number of homeless people continues to rise year
               | after year. The per-capita count of number of
               | successfully sheltered homeless people in SF (per city
               | resident) is the highest in the country, but even still,
               | I see dozens of completely unsheltered people walking to
               | Bart from my apartment.
               | 
               | Eg Chicago winters are very hard to live through if you
               | don't have stable access to warm housing, and the West
               | coast offers a reprieve from that.
               | 
               | [0] https://sf.curbed.com/2020/3/4/21152501/san-
               | francisco-homele...
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | I wonder if any of the factor is that affordable housing
               | in SF is extremely difficult to find? Especially if you
               | don't have access to a vehicle for commutes and have to
               | find housing in an area well served by public transit?
        
               | danielheath wrote:
               | Lots of reasons. A short list includes:
               | 
               | * Shelters not allowing pets - many would rather remain
               | homeless than give up their dog * Shelters not allowing
               | drugs * Social services officers looking too much like
               | cops (many homeless have had bad enough experiences with
               | cops to keep them away from anyone cop-like) * Spending
               | on 'discomfort' measures (eg deliberately-hostile
               | architecture to discourage people from being homeless) *
               | Effective mitigations being politically unpopular.
               | 
               | For instance: cold-calling people who have just separated
               | from their spouse to offer counseling substantially
               | reduces the number of people you have to lift out of
               | homelessness at very little cost. However, "free therapy"
               | is a wildly unpopular suggestion in the USA.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | 99 Percent Invisible had a great episode on hostile urban
               | architecture:
               | https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/unpleasant-design-
               | hos...
        
             | ACow_Adonis wrote:
             | except we also have additional data from overseas.
             | Australia has comparatively mild winters and my family is
             | originally from Queensland where some of the "worst" towns
             | for unemployment and disadvantage clearly have a bit of a
             | "paradise" effect (that is to say, if you're going to live
             | on unemployment, you might as well live where there's good
             | weather, fishing and swimming year round and prices are a
             | bit cheaper than the urban centres).
             | 
             | Australia does provide public housing, but I'll take a stab
             | and say it's cut back from its peak amount.
             | 
             | When you travel through California (and the US in general),
             | i'd estimate homelessness and poverty to be at least an
             | order of magnitude worse in the US (I want to hesitate to
             | say two orders of magnitude worse) compared to anything I
             | see at home. Clearly there's something about society and/or
             | the structure of social safety nets that has a real and
             | measurable effect on poverty and homelessness overall.
             | 
             | / before someone jumps onto Google to try to disprove me:
             | I've been to both countries (several times in fact), and
             | worked with both homelessness and official national
             | statistics. One of the things internet pundits
             | misunderstand is the definition and measures of
             | homelessness/poverty between the two countries: I think my
             | estimate is pretty fair napkin math, it might be a 4 or 5
             | multiple instead, but I think we're quibbling by that
             | point.
        
               | benlm wrote:
               | https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/culture/article/2017
               | /07...
               | 
               | "Homelessness then, in Australia, is more than lacking a
               | roof over your head, it is also the absence of those
               | features associated with "home": permanence, security,
               | and the freedom to come and go."
               | 
               | "If the world were to accept Australia's definition and
               | include everyone with inadequate shelter, the number
               | would exceed 1.6 billion - roughly 20 percent of the
               | population. Also excluded from official figures are the
               | world's 65 million displaced refugees in temporary
               | accommodation."
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | It sounds like you're aware that, according to official
               | statistics, homelessness is higher per capita in
               | Australia than in California or the US as a whole. I'm
               | open to the idea that this might be due to definitional
               | or measurement problems, but you've gotta explain what
               | those problems are, not just assert that they must exist.
               | 
               | The obvious alternative explanation is that Americans
               | might simply be less tolerant of measures to decrease the
               | visibility of homeless.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | This is what I thought... I suppose living on the street in
           | such a climate can be deadly even. Definitely reduce life
           | expectancy.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | It is. Same in Canada. Typically in April a number of
             | bodies turn up that were buried in snowbanks.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | I lived in Helsinki for a while. It's not a great place to be
         | homeless because despite recently mild winters, it's just not a
         | nice place to be living outside when most of the year it can
         | drop to freezing temperatures (or well below) at night. Having
         | people on the street freezing to death in the middle of the
         | winter is not something that is very practical. And of course
         | the whole system ensures that people are mostly taken care off
         | regardless of their issues (alcohol, drugs, psychological
         | issues, etc.). Food, shelter, medical care etc. are easily
         | accessible.
        
         | iSnow wrote:
         | >because they prefer to get drunk instead of spending it on
         | food and rent.
         | 
         | After a certain point, alcoholism is no longer a choice or
         | preference, it's a debilitating disease. And before that point,
         | it's frequently self-medication for untreated mental problems.
         | Consider this: alcohol is the only mood-elevating drug sold
         | freely, of course a percentage people will jump on it if they
         | have massive problems.
         | 
         | Not going to criticize the Finnish system as I know nothing
         | about it, but probably the only way to get to those people is
         | give them homes, food and clothing and try (again and again) to
         | get them to reduce alcohol intake and/or get psychiatric
         | treatment - and accept you won't be able to get all of them to
         | accept that.
        
           | bzb6 wrote:
           | They already have all of that. The next step is forcing them,
           | which is unpalatable as you can imagine.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Mood-elevating? Isn't it the opposite.
           | 
           | Interestingly, perhaps, I rather feel it might only be
           | poverty - the need to afford food instead - that's kept me
           | from affording enough alcohol to abuse. I'm in a much better
           | place now.
           | 
           | The point is that "give poor people food, clothing, and a
           | home" is not an answer in general. One needs people who are
           | equipped and who care for you ... finding people who actually
           | care is beyond democratic governance.
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | Alcohol is a central nervous depressant, but its affect on
             | mood varies wildly from person to person and instance to
             | instance.
        
         | Delk wrote:
         | While there's truth to that, it's worth noting that most of
         | those homeless people are suffering from ill mental health
         | and/or substance dependence.
         | 
         | You make it sound like they just shrugged and decided that
         | that's the life they want, but I don't think that's how people
         | end up homeless. There are decisions involved, but they're
         | probably not quite as voluntary as that.
        
           | Cloudef wrote:
           | Those people are given help, but if they refuse that, there's
           | nothing you can really do. People are only forced if they
           | start being dangerous to other people.
        
             | justin66 wrote:
             | > People are only forced if they start being dangerous to
             | other people.
             | 
             | I assume this isn't really true, and that the standard in
             | Finland is that they're institutionalized if they're a
             | danger to other people _or themselves._ The latter part is
             | tricky, though. A person who is clearly in danger of
             | killing themselves with a razor blade can be committed. A
             | person who is in danger of drinking themselves to death on
             | the sidewalk, perhaps not.
        
             | wsinks wrote:
             | For the record, welcome to San Francisco. (a joke, it's the
             | similar here)
        
             | Delk wrote:
             | I'm not saying you can necessarily do anything; in some
             | cases you can't. I'm just saying that things might not be
             | under those people's voluntary control and decision-making
             | either once mental health issues or substance abuse
             | problems go far enough.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | I'm not familiar with Finland but to those people have
             | access to mental health services? In the US, a lot of folks
             | who are addicted to drugs and alcohol are written off as
             | moral failures when in reality, the drugs and alcohol are
             | simply used to self medicate and numb the pain of their
             | lives.
             | 
             | I'm not saying there shouldn't be _any_ accountability for
             | addicts, but the fact that we completely write them off as
             | a society says more about us than it does about them.
        
               | Cloudef wrote:
               | Yes, they have access to mental health services, and even
               | rehabilitation services, but again only if you agree to
               | it.
        
               | Delk wrote:
               | They do have access, at least in theory and to some of
               | the services.
               | 
               | But when people do become homeless in Finland, their
               | problems usually run quite deep already, and they may
               | just be quite difficult to help.
               | 
               | I don't know if this is true but I've understood that in
               | the U.S. homelessness might more often be a result of
               | just financial downfall, while in Finland homelessness is
               | very strongly connected to mental illness, substance
               | dependence, or both [1]. Those people have pretty much
               | lost control of having a normal life, or perhaps they
               | never had one. That doesn't mean they shouldn't be
               | helped, but it does mean helping them is likely to be an
               | uphill battle.
               | 
               | Drug addiction does get judged harshly by the society in
               | general; alcohol abuse is likely to be swept under the
               | rug unless it causes obvious problems e.g. at work, but
               | if it does, it gets judged as well, although not quite as
               | harshly as drug abuse. I'd expect most social workers and
               | medical professionals who work with the homeless to know
               | better than to see addiction as just a moral failure,
               | though, so the problem may rather be that it's quite
               | difficult to treat people who have a multitude of
               | problems that run deep. Health care professionals might
               | be wary of committing limited public resources in cases
               | if they don't expect it to bear fruit, so the mental
               | health services might be limited to emergency care and
               | general assistance by social workers.
               | 
               | I'm not intimately familiar with how those services work,
               | though, so they might be more extensive than I think.
               | 
               | [1] That is, at least among the native population;
               | another visible group of homeless are poor immigrants
               | living in the streets. They probably just wanted a better
               | life in a richer country or something, and their reasons
               | for vagrancy are probably different.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | In the US, most circumstances resulting in homelessness
               | are imminently solvable.
               | 
               | However, there is little community will to address those
               | circumstance and a great deal of political pressure
               | against aiding vulnerable adults.
               | 
               | To see strong examples political resistance, suggest
               | moving folks in prison for low-level, mentally ill
               | related crimes into in-patient facilities - redirecting
               | per-person funding from prison budgets to pay for their
               | care.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Some mental issues make you basically unwilling to accept
               | that you have issues. And plus, we can't really fix
               | mental health. It is not like everything would be
               | curable.
        
             | darth_avocado wrote:
             | > People are only forced if they start being dangerous to
             | other people
             | 
             | Really this definition needs to be more strict. In San
             | Francisco, you could be drugged up, throw needles and
             | broken alcohol bottles on the street, openly defecate, and
             | this behavior is still considered not dangerous.
             | 
             | A better way to deal with this is to allow people to reject
             | welfare, but if they do, they still need to live as a
             | decent member of the society. No littering, no public
             | nuisance (shouting, spitting, harassing people),
             | maintaining hygiene (no public urination/defecation, no
             | risk of disease transmission etc.), no permanent
             | encroachment of public property and so forth. Otherwise, it
             | just ends up in a slippery slope that creates a sinkhole of
             | billions of dollars in costs to the economy, at the expense
             | of others.
        
               | deadbunny wrote:
               | > A better way to deal with this is to allow people to
               | reject welfare, but if they do, they still need to live
               | as a decent member of the society.
               | 
               | And if they refuse to "live as a decent member of
               | society"?
        
               | core-questions wrote:
               | This is the hardest question.
               | 
               | I make a point of talking to people across the political
               | spectrum and I have heard all kinds of answers, from
               | things which are basically "stick them in camps" (from
               | both left and right-wing people!) to "ignore them" to
               | various rehabilitation approaches.
               | 
               | My view is that we should step back, and consider what it
               | is that we, the folks who are the so-called decent
               | members of society, want.
               | 
               | The city I live in has a big decaying area next to the
               | downtown core, like many cities of a million or more do
               | these days. It waxes and wanes, right now in particular
               | in the wake of Covid it's very bad. Crime, needles,
               | sketchy people, it's horrible. The thing is, these are
               | neighbourhoods that should be nice; they should be full
               | of young families living a walkable distance from
               | downtown, not crackheads and needles.
               | 
               | I get that, as decent human beings, we owe each other a
               | fundamental level of dignity. I am fine with efforts to
               | feed, clothe, and house those who cannot do it
               | themselves. But why does this need to extend to giving
               | them a huge swathe of land, land that is potentially much
               | nicer than any place I will ever live in, for them to
               | ruin?
               | 
               | But what can we do - lock them up? Restrict their
               | fundamental freedoms? Can we _really_ just ignore them
               | and accept sketchy, scary, crime-ridden cities?
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Then take them out of society. Same as any other person
               | who persistently refuses to obey laws.
        
               | deadbunny wrote:
               | From the GP:
               | 
               | > Otherwise, it just ends up in a slippery slope that
               | creates a sinkhole of billions of dollars in costs to the
               | economy, at the expense of others.
               | 
               | So given that is it better to try and help them
               | reintegrate with society or do we just lock them up and
               | forget about them? Or worse?
        
             | mewpmewp2 wrote:
             | You could try to prevent people from reaching such state in
             | the first place, for future occurrences.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | And still allow them the civil liberties expected in a
               | democracy? I'm honestly not sure that's possible. Self-
               | destruction seems almost like a human right.
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | It's pretty much the same in the Netherlands, given enough
             | issues and after failing to get you back to work you
             | basically land in a situation where the state pays for your
             | existence though direct money and a lot of subsidies (ie
             | when the stress of work cause a relapse in your drinking
             | habits and it happened time and time again over the past 10
             | years).
             | 
             | It is thus very difficult to understand why there are
             | homeless people. But I once went (with work) on a trip with
             | a homeless person (this is a charity, you pay and homeless
             | people take you one trip and talk about their lives). And
             | indeed the people on the streets always have psychological
             | issues. Extreme ADHD, abused as a child, depression but
             | just a little bit to afraid to die to really end it. If
             | they want help it is there, always. Homeless shelters,
             | places to get a postal address for free to apply for
             | subsidies and minimal social income etc. But some just go
             | crazy while waiting or go crazy while sleeping with other
             | people in one room. Or they walk barefoot in the winter
             | until their feet are so rotten that they can't walk
             | anymore, too afraid to get help because they believe help
             | means they will be abused again or mind altered or
             | something strange. Most of them are constantly afraid and
             | not a danger to others, more like very shy animals afraid
             | of other humans, so they retreat and suffer while their
             | fear of death keeps them alive, just barely.
             | 
             | One woman we spoke to had her child murder her other child
             | and she just started drinking. How can you help such a
             | woman? So much pain.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Exactly, it's not a choice.
               | 
               | Also, I think the current method of making alcohol really
               | expensive through levies is not working. It only makes
               | homeless addicted people poorer and more likely to turn
               | to crime.
               | 
               | The rest of us don't give a shit how much it costs, we
               | don't use much of it anyway. The price is never a factor
               | in getting addicted or getting off it.
               | 
               | All it is is the government profiteering of people who
               | can't help themselves.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | How does that woman carry all the stuff from one city to
         | another? Does she take buses and they just wait for her to load
         | it all?
        
           | Cloudef wrote:
           | She walks with all that luggage. She sets up the luggage in
           | queue, and takes the last luggage, brings it to the front,
           | and repeats it until she gets to the next town.
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | Wow, that's a trip. Is there somewhere I can read more
             | about this? I'll google translate it if all you got is in
             | Finnish but I can read Swedish too.
             | 
             | Edit: Reverse image search tells me her name is Laukku-
             | Leena. https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/b225828d-c1b1-40b
             | 5-b7b1-a...
        
               | Cloudef wrote:
               | Yes, googling laukku-leena will get you some news and
               | forums where people discuss her whereabouts. Not sure if
               | you can find any non finnish articles however.
        
         | flagrant wrote:
         | > Note that the "homeless" people in Finland are mainly people
         | who refuse to accept support from the social welfare, this is
         | because they prefer to get drunk instead of spending it on food
         | and rent.
         | 
         | When you posted this hateful nonsense, did you think nobody
         | would bring you up on it? Can you provide anything to back up
         | this assertion?
        
           | sharpneli wrote:
           | How is this hateful nonsense? Every citizen is eligible for
           | that support. Do you perhaps live here so you can say it's
           | not true?
           | 
           | Sure it's not always perfect, errors in bureaucracy happens
           | sometimes but getting social security is the default. If you
           | accept it you get a house.
        
             | flagrant wrote:
             | Without evidence, he stated that all homeless people in
             | Finland are homeless because they would "prefer to get
             | drunk". I don't think it's incorrect to describe this as
             | hateful, because it's very clearly informed by a bias
             | against homeless people rather than any real evidence.
             | 
             | This is the equivalent of jumping into a discussion to say
             | that Black people are poor because they "keep buying
             | cellphones". It's not a serious intellectual comment, it's
             | cloaked hatred.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | > it's cloaked hatred.
               | 
               | Homelessness causes suffering which is usually self-
               | treated with substance abuse. This is not a hateful
               | commentary.
               | 
               | I'm not sure how a blanket characterization equates to
               | "hate", when it's a lazy attribution due to indifference.
               | Maybe disdain is the appropriate term.
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | It ascribes a characterisation to homeless people (that
               | they would prefer to get drunk than have a home) that
               | there is simply no evidence for. The comment blames
               | homeless people for their own destitution purely based on
               | the commenter's preconceived bias against homeless
               | people.
        
               | Delk wrote:
               | Cloudef's comment might make it seem like it's
               | predominantly a voluntary decision by the homeless, and I
               | disagree with that. AFAIK most homeless people in Finland
               | do have a substance abuse problem, though.
               | 
               | Edit: What actually might make this more interesting is
               | that this could be how things are regarding homelessness
               | in Western Europe in general, more or less, not just in a
               | single country. I mentioned this in another comment, but
               | AFAIK living in the streets in Finland, and quite
               | possibly in Northern and Western Europe in general, is
               | rather strongly connected to mental health issues and
               | substance abuse problems. That doesn't mean that the
               | homeless should be vilified, as both of those are
               | illnesses and largely not a voluntary choice, but it
               | could be something that's different about homelessness in
               | the U.S. and in Western/Northern Europe.
        
               | sharpneli wrote:
               | He said mainly. No all.
               | 
               | You do understand that everyone gets social security as
               | money if they need. The problems happen if they are
               | unable to use that money to pay the rent. And yes indeed
               | the main reason is some sort of intoxicant use, as they
               | rather get more stuff than use the money for rent.
               | 
               | Legal debts are also not a reason not to pay rent, as one
               | is protected from repaying them when it's about
               | essentials. So that doesn't count either. As long as
               | you're able to push the pay button in your online bank
               | you use the default system. Only when that's not possible
               | do you fall into the provided housing system. And not
               | surprisingly drug use is a major reason for not pushing
               | that pay button but rather taking the money and using it
               | elsewhere. Does that honestly surprise you? What else
               | could it even be?
               | 
               | That's why we have the second option with food stamps and
               | provided housing. It's not perfect as people elsewhere
               | have stated the obvious "Hey want to buy 20e foodstamp
               | for 10e?". But still they get it.
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | I'll be happy to retract the "hateful" comment if anyone
               | can provide evidence that "people are mainly homeless in
               | Finland because they would prefer to get drunk".
        
               | sharpneli wrote:
               | We use two terms for homeless here. Strictly speaking if
               | we just use the term homeless you're correct. 79% of them
               | are not like that [ARA Asunnottomat 2019]. They're people
               | like students bunking in a friends bed without a valid
               | address or other short term issues, like the social
               | security making a mistake, but they're eventually
               | rectified. This means the homelessness has lasted for
               | less than a year.
               | 
               | 21% are long term homeless. And that's what people
               | generally mean when they collegially use the term
               | homeless. That's defined as homeless that has lasted for
               | more than a year and has significant social or health
               | component, such as substance abuse or mental illness. The
               | thing about mental illness is that there is also
               | treatment for them. The solution is different for them as
               | for the substance abusers.
               | 
               | If you ever see a Finn begging it's pretty much always an
               | alcoholic who wants more beer. That's because the
               | mentally ill cannot really beg as they're either
               | receiving treatment or if they have unfortunately slipped
               | trough the cracks of the system they're also unable to
               | beg for any extended period.
               | 
               | As for the scale of this problem. 2019 there were 961
               | persons listed in the long term homeless category. That's
               | out of a population of 5.518 million in 2019. That's
               | 0.017% of the whole population. Also, even out of them
               | 584 live with someone, just not with an official address.
               | They wouldn't be counted as homeless in US.
               | 
               | The actual amount of people in street on that category
               | was 177. That's 0.003% of the population.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | Here ya go [0] https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle
               | /10138/220951/Mort...
               | 
               | Check out page 845 showing death by alcohol poisoning is
               | 5x higher in the homeless population of Finland than the
               | whole of the country.
               | 
               | FWIW, and anecdotally, my ancestry is Finnish and we are
               | known for having issues with alcohol. The majority of my
               | extended family has drinking issues. Within our Finnish-
               | American community, it's believed that Finns have some
               | sort of gene that pre-disposes us to drink to excess.
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | Thanks, but I didn't ask for evidence that "alcohol
               | poisoning is 5x higher in the homeless population", I
               | asked for evidence that "people are mainly homeless in
               | Finland because they would prefer to get drunk."
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | Well, that's all you're going to get out of me. I gave
               | you a 30 second google search. Have a great day!
        
               | Cloudef wrote:
               | https://ysaatio.fi/en/housing-first-finland there's no
               | extensive graphs, but this page mentions it briefly.
               | There's also been some freelancer yle documents covering
               | up some homeless people that mainly refuse the social
               | benefits to get more money for their daily drinking. [1]
               | 
               | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08FET347Tx4
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | This does not support your claim. It's pretty clear that
               | you didn't have the evidence before you made the claim,
               | and you don't have it now.
        
               | bzb6 wrote:
               | Are you American?
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | No.
        
               | fsloth wrote:
               | Uh, no. I'm finnish. You go to social security and they
               | fix you with an apartment. It _is_ mostly due to the
               | decisions of the homeless that they remain homeless.
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | No, the poster did not say "all" homeless people are
               | alcoholics. He said that is "mainly", meaning most, but
               | certainly not all.
               | 
               | Just so we can all be as pedantic as humanly possible,
               | here.
        
               | flagrant wrote:
               | Sure, fine. It's still a hateful, unevidenced comment
               | about homeless people that can't be justified.
        
             | Jochim wrote:
             | I can see people taking issue with the word "prefer" in
             | relation to getting drunk. It makes the tone of the OP seem
             | dismissive of the fact that by the point you're putting
             | alcohol/drugs before shelter and food you're no longer
             | expressing a preference but rather a symptom of mental
             | illness: addiction, depression, or otherwise.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | This is literally what people say about San Francisco as well:
         | "They don't want the help" etc. etc. It's like the same thing.
        
           | ogre_codes wrote:
           | Except in San Fransisco there are tens of thousands of
           | homeless. The entire country of Finland has a fraction of
           | that number.
           | 
           | There are indeed _some_ homeless who would prefer to be on
           | the street. There are also tens of thousands who are mentally
           | ill, or just incapable of taking care of rent / electric/
           | water, etc.
        
         | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
         | > the Romanian beggars you see in Helsinki streets.
         | 
         | While Finns tend to use the term "Romanian beggars", this can
         | be inaccurate and misleading. I understand that this confusion
         | could have arisen because "Romani people" and "Romanian people"
         | sound similar in Finnish and some of them are from Romania.
         | However, many of them come from Bulgaria as well - a very large
         | community comes from the Bulgarian town of Pleven seasonally
         | each year.
         | 
         | FWIW, the ethnicity names "Romani" and "Romanian" are not
         | actually etymologically related, it is only a coincidence that
         | they sound similar. You would think that after a decade-plus
         | now of having Romani migrants very visible in the Helsinki city
         | center, people could have learned a little more about who they
         | are, and what drives them to make the long journey to Finland.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | The Romani, also known as Gypsies are quite often of Romanian
           | citizenship and they seem to disintegrate as a migrating
           | people. During communisms in Romania there were efforts to
           | integrate them. I had 2 "gypsies" in my class and they were
           | quite intelligent and studious. The situation has changed a
           | bit but I've heard a lot of Romanian Romani have left Romania
           | to go to Western European countries but the carnage and
           | destruction they did there made a really bad name for
           | Romanians in general and Romanians started to be confused
           | with Romani.
        
           | Cloudef wrote:
           | Thanks, I edited my post.
        
           | empiricus wrote:
           | small addition which should clarify some more the issue:
           | romani == gypsy
        
             | ido wrote:
             | At least in the German speaking countries the word Gypsy
             | ("Zigeuner" in German) is considered a racial slur
             | similarly (if not quite as strongly) ill-considered in
             | usage as N*gger is in English. There aren't a lot of Romani
             | in the US, which I think is why Americans aren't aware this
             | is a word you should avoid (but I'm pretty sure it is also
             | considered a slur in English in Britain and Ireland).
        
               | Nimitz14 wrote:
               | Lol that's not true.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | Which part? I've lived in Vienna and then Berlin since
               | 2005 and have heard multiple times that you should say
               | Roma & Sinti because Zigeuner is a slur.
               | 
               | In the press, literature and academia you will generally
               | not find the term Zigeuner in referring to the people
               | (but again Roma or Roma & Sinti) if it was written in the
               | last 20+ years.
        
               | Merem wrote:
               | Never heard of "Zigeuner" being considered a racial slur.
               | I've usually heard it/hear it when it comes to certain
               | people (actually, two varieties even - one tied to the
               | "Zirkus" and the other one being a group of
               | "Landstreicher" basically) but that's not tied to an
               | ethnicity or whatever.
               | 
               | A more prominent example would be the word "Neger" where
               | the media tells us it's a terrible word, insulting,
               | racial slur etc etc, yet however, it is used by normal
               | people in a conversation without any issues. It's funny
               | how irrational media (and some crazies) get, ignoring all
               | context, how something and with what intention something
               | is said. There is always a stark contrast between that
               | and actual real life. I, for one, like to eat my
               | "Negerkuss".
        
               | rendall wrote:
               | It's pretty common knowledge to be a slur in the US too
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | That varies a lot regionally. Plenty of people use
               | "gipped" for "ripped off", and "Zigeuner Schnitzel" is on
               | the menu at US German-cuisine restaurants. For once, it's
               | us who haven't caught up with the magical outrage words.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | I'm sure you wouldn't consider it a magical outrage word
               | if you were in the outgroup in your country and the word
               | was used to describe your ethnicity in a usually negative
               | way.
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | I'd be unhappy, but I'd much rather fix the outgroup part
               | than ban the word.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | I'm sure the Romani would prefer to fix discrimination
               | and generational poverty but you can do that while also
               | asking people to not use their name as a curse word (and
               | also it's not really being fixed).
        
               | Mediterraneo10 wrote:
               | In Western Europe there have been movements to avoid
               | using the local equivalent of the term "gypsy", and these
               | have seen some success. However, in the Balkan countries
               | these movements have had little impact, even among the
               | Roma themselves.
               | 
               | There is a small Roma intelligentsia, university-educated
               | and aware of those international trends, who welcomes the
               | usage of "Roma (and Sinti)" instead of the traditional
               | word. Among most Roma, however, it is often the case that
               | if you use the term "Roma" while speaking with them, they
               | will correct you and say "Don't call me that, I'm a
               | <local word equivalent to 'gypsy'>".
               | 
               | Note also that in the Balkans, the Roma generally prefer
               | to maintain their own language rather secret, for in-
               | group use only. I wouldn't be surprise if this extended
               | even to their ethnonym, and when outsiders say "Roma"
               | this sounds like those outsiders are appropriating their
               | word.
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | In the SW US, there's also "I'm an Indian, not a 'Native
               | American'." Euphemisms don't accomplish anything.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > That varies a lot regionally. Plenty of people use
               | "gipped" for "ripped off",
               | 
               | In my experience, they tend to stop, when you gently
               | remind them that a very similar term that means the exact
               | same thing, but refers to jews, has fallen out of favour
               | in recent decades.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | What's the word that refers to Jewish people?
        
               | bbatsell wrote:
               | https://www.jta.org/2019/09/25/culture/what-does-jew-
               | down-me...
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Oh. Oh wow. Thanks, man.
        
               | collyw wrote:
               | I don't think anyone is particularly bothered by their
               | race, rather their behaviour. (In the UK there are both
               | Irish gypsies and Romani gypsies, both have a bad
               | reputation).
        
               | ido wrote:
               | The racist part is generalizing the behaviour of some
               | people to everyone of that ethnicity. I'm sure a few
               | decades ago you'd easily find plenty of Europeans telling
               | you they are not bothered by the Jews' ethnicity per-se
               | but by their behaviour.
        
               | collyw wrote:
               | Godwins law.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | It was the first comparison that came to mind. You can
               | replace my example with comparison to generalizations
               | against black people in the US if that doesn't break the
               | Internet Law.
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | Godwin's Law isn't "if you mention Hitler you are wrong".
        
         | umvi wrote:
         | > pay the rent for them and give a special card that can be
         | used for anything except alcohol and cigarette
         | 
         | In theory that works but addictions are super powerful, so what
         | ends up happening is that the person will still obtain
         | cigarettes and alcohol, even if it requires begging to get the
         | cash for it. Or they will trade their subsidized food for cash
         | or cigarettes/booze.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | For hard addicts, I don't know, they'd do anything to get
           | their fix and that can manifest in unproductive ways for the
           | society: theft, muggings, etc. I'd actually let incurable
           | cases of addiction get their fix for free in exchange for
           | some things such as bathing regularly, stay in shelters at
           | night and not wonder the streets, etc. I'd be a win-win
           | situations in my opinion. Living in NYC allows me to see a
           | very large number of homeless people. And what makes it
           | really worse is that there are sometimes almost 1-to-1 to
           | train cars and there is no way of escaping the stench on
           | trains. If you weren't forced to be stuck in a subway car
           | with a homeless with half of the car packed and the other
           | completely empty except for one sleeping stinking homeless
           | person. The other day my wife took my kid on the train and a
           | homeless guy started smoking on the train. When the train got
           | off she got off that car and got on the next one. It was
           | worse, the smell of rotten gangrene is not something I'd wish
           | upon anyone.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | > they prefer to get drunk instead of spending it on food and
         | rent
         | 
         | Some are just deep into a depression pit. I agree that some
         | people are just weak, but most people hitting homelesness went
         | through big losses that damages your motivation to lead a
         | normal life. Grudge, sadness, loneliness, grief, abuse .. don't
         | conclude too fast.
        
           | Cloudef wrote:
           | The thing is that the "home first" movement in Finland states
           | that home isn't a trophy that you get once you fix your life.
           | Home and food is essential to get your life on track, and
           | home is given even for alcoholic people. But if they don't
           | pay their rent, and even give up on social welfare to pay the
           | rent for you, what can you do?
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I think it's unrelated, people like that are not ready to
             | function 'normally', they need a shelter, asylum, hospital.
             | It's an emotional problem more than material.
        
               | Cloudef wrote:
               | If they don't cause harm to other people, you can't
               | really force them or tell them they are living their life
               | wrong.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | You're very contrarian it seems and that's annoying.
        
               | js8 wrote:
               | You can show them though, get them to talk to other
               | people who have been in a similar situation, have been
               | helped out of it, and have now a better life.
        
               | Cloudef wrote:
               | Note that, these kind of people are very rare. I can
               | assure everyone gets all the help they can get. But these
               | kind of extreme cases, usually have no drive to live
               | their life other way, and you can do little to change
               | them. There is very little homeless in Finland in
               | reality, and it's one of the first things that always
               | rubs me wrong overseas when I see homeless on the street.
               | Seeing homeless on the street in Finland is not _normal_.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | There are other approaches to treating people with drug
               | and alcohol addictions than trying to get them to quit.
               | One is harm reduction. This has most famously been used
               | to help people with IV drug addictions, in the form of
               | safe injection sites.
               | 
               | It can also be used for alcoholism: you provide a bar-
               | like setting where people can go to get free drinks
               | (rationed and served on a schedule by a trained server)
               | and also socialize.
               | 
               | If this is coupled with free housing, food, medical care,
               | and therapy, it stands a good chance of helping people
               | where involuntary hospitalization might have failed.
               | 
               | I've volunteered serving free meals to homeless people in
               | a restaurant style setting. People get their choice of
               | appetizer, entree, salad, and dessert. Volunteers wait
               | tables and then sit down to eat with people at the end of
               | their shift. I've had some amazing conversations with
               | people who have all kinds of experiences to share. It's
               | amazing how much of a difference it makes when you treat
               | people like a person rather than a problem to solve.
        
       | austincheney wrote:
       | The city of Austin, TX could be a case study of what not to do. I
       | was remotely employed to company with offices in Austin in
       | 2014-2015 and it was awesome to visit and walk around down town.
       | I always had a blast.
       | 
       | I visited Austin in 2019 and there were homeless people
       | EVERYWHERE. Every green space and nearly every street corner
       | seemed to be littered with homeless people. The difference
       | crystal clear. Something in the handling of the homeless problem
       | had failed in that city.
        
         | SaintGhurka wrote:
         | To add some missing details on this, in 2018/19 the city
         | council passed some ordinances that removed the criminality of
         | some homeless activities. Specifically, they made it explicitly
         | legal to camp in most public spaces (excluding parks) and they
         | permit panhandling, sitting and sleeping on public sidewalks.
         | 
         | So there's a lot of "campsites" downtown. A lot of tents, or
         | just people in sleeping bags on the sidewalk. A lot of people
         | peeing against the buildings.
         | 
         | It's hard to score the upsides and downsides without starting
         | an argument, but it feels like much of Austin has soured on the
         | "decriminalization of homelessness".
        
           | jupiter90000 wrote:
           | Any ideas why it seems like tech hotspots start passing laws
           | like this? I'm thinking of San Francisco, Seattle, and
           | Austin. I feel like there is some correlation, but I do not
           | know what it is. My perspective is that maybe it seems more
           | compassionate to not outlaw street camping, but I do not see
           | how it is helpful to anyone including the ones on the street
           | to allow this to continue.
        
             | ativzzz wrote:
             | Probably has something to do with much of the tech scene
             | leaning left politically, so more lax homeless
             | restrictions.
             | 
             | In the end, it doesn't solve the root cause of homelessness
             | (probably makes the situation worse locally since it
             | attracts homeless from elsewhere), but it's not like anyone
             | in the US has some serious plans to tackle the issue at
             | scale.
        
           | barbacoa wrote:
           | Worth noting, before the city council legalized homeless
           | camping there were literally zero tents.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Did you have no homeless people, or were they still
             | sleeping rough, just without a tarp to keep the wind and
             | the rain off their heads?
        
               | SaintGhurka wrote:
               | It's more homeless people [1]. I mean, it's really a lot
               | of people. It's pretty unmistakable.
               | 
               | The tent cities do make them more noticeable, though.
               | Also, the police used to be able to roust people
               | illegally camping, so if you had somewhere else to go,
               | you'd have to go, or else go to the shelter.
               | 
               | Now people have the option to refuse the alternatives. So
               | maybe visible homelessness has climbed more than actual
               | homelessness.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2020/05/austin-
               | sees-10...
        
               | barbacoa wrote:
               | There was always a homeless population but they would
               | stay in shelters or camp deep in the woods and keep to
               | themselves. Now homeless are leaving the shelters and
               | choosing to live in the streets.
               | 
               | since 2019 (when the camping ordinance was passed):
               | 
               | * homelessness has increased 11%
               | 
               | * Un-sheltered homelessness is up 45%
               | 
               | * Numbers in shelters and transitional housing is down
               | 20%
               | 
               | https://www.statesman.com/news/20200519/austin-
               | sees-11-incre...
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Why do you think homeless people are choosing to sleep
               | rough, rather than stay in shelters?
        
               | CubsFan1060 wrote:
               | I live in a completely different area of the country, but
               | around here the shelters are all very strict about drugs
               | and alcohol. You can't bring them in, and you also can't
               | be drunk when you arrive. That's one reason why folks
               | here choose to not be in a shelter if they have another
               | option.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Consider that millions of well-adjusted, middle and
               | upper-class people, with jobs, children, access to
               | doctors, therapists, friends, support networks, and,
               | really everything they could ever wish for... Struggle
               | with, and die from drug and alcohol addiction.
               | 
               | If those people can't stop using drugs, it's hard to
               | expect someone lacking all of those resources to be able
               | to do so.
               | 
               | If you make shelter conditional on sobriety, you're
               | unlikely to get more sobriety.
        
               | barbacoa wrote:
               | I imagine numerous cities have been spending countless
               | millions on studies and consultants to figure out an
               | answer to that one.
               | 
               | Personally, it's the lifestyle they choose. They make
               | little micro houses out of rubbish and tarps equipped
               | with couches and mattresses. They make comical signs such
               | as "need money for booze" for laughs and get free food
               | from charities or shelters. There are some that have no
               | where else to go but a non-trivial number are there
               | because it's cool these days to live a nomad hipster
               | life.
               | 
               | Downtown Austin is/was somewhat of a party area with
               | numerous bars and clubs and it gets so popular on
               | weekends that the police shut down some of the streets
               | for pedestrians only. It was a festive place to hang out
               | -- which is part of the attraction.
               | 
               | In most cities areas that get taken over by the homeless
               | become blighted places regular people never venture to
               | (i.e. skid row in LA). The reason that people are so
               | freaked out in Austin is that downtown is full of
               | residential and commercially office buildings which
               | results in people having to walk through these areas
               | trying to get to/from work.
        
         | burntoutfire wrote:
         | > Something in the handling of the homeless problem had failed
         | in that city.
         | 
         | Or, the homeless are recent migrants from other areas? At least
         | where i live, the homeless all congregate in biggest wealthiest
         | cities, because it's easier to beg, their presence blends in
         | more and also local communities are more atomized so they don't
         | fight off the homeless as hard as in smaller places. I've heard
         | a story of one homeless guy who have recently been sleeping on
         | a bus stop near my home - he's basically travelling from one
         | big city center to another, and stays as long as the police
         | doesn't chase him off the area.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | Austin is becoming what LA used to be (and in the winter,
           | still is) for the Midwest: the place for cities to send their
           | homeless to so they don't have to spend money on them.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Not only do they tend to select larger cities, but also
           | warmer cities. You mostly hear about the homeless population
           | in places like San Francisco, Oahu, Austin, etc. If you're
           | homeless, you might as well go to a place where you're less
           | likely to freeze to death. Although there are some homeless
           | in places likes Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, etc.
           | 
           | Not to mention some cities will give them money if they take
           | a bus to another city. Just shuffle the people around so it's
           | no longer that current city's problem.
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | _[...] but also warmer cities [...] like San Francisco
             | [...]_
             | 
             | Err...?
        
             | a3n wrote:
             | > Not only do they tend to select larger cities, but also
             | warmer cities.
             | 
             | As a trucker, my view is mostly from the interstate.
             | 
             | The most homeless I see in my travels all over the country
             | is I-5 in California, Oregon and Washington, and CA 99.
             | 
             | It's pretty cold in Washington and Oregon right now. Even
             | California at night.
             | 
             | Tents, tarps, sleeping bags, on both sides of the freeway
             | fence, or inside interchange cloverleafs.
             | 
             | Not judging their condition or their person, I don't know
             | them. It looks pretty rough.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | In other parts of the country you will freeze to death
               | sleeping outside at night, so west coast cold is
               | definitely relative.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | That's certainly cold. I was just saying from a relative
               | position. For example, it's relatively warmer than the
               | midwest.
        
             | zehaeva wrote:
             | You do hear about it more in warmer cities, but the city
             | with the largest homeless population is actually NYC by
             | quite a large margin.
             | 
             | https://www.usnews.com/news/cities/slideshows/cities-with-
             | th...
        
               | thehappypm wrote:
               | Per capita? NYC is 2x larger than any other city.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | LA/Los Angeles county (what the prior link uses) is a
               | little larger than NYC, 10 million vs 8 million
               | respectively.
               | 
               | I would also be interested in per capita per city. Even
               | more so for aggregates of cold vs warm cities overall.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I wonder if they have an aggregate comparison of warm vs
               | cold cities. I'd still consider NYC on the warmer side
               | (with the gulf stream on the coast) when comparing it to
               | the midwest or even Albany. For example, even going from
               | Pittsburgh to Connecticut can be an increase of 20
               | degrees due to the gulf stream even though you are going
               | slightly north.
        
         | u678u wrote:
         | Just another city run by Democrats. Seriously I'm a blue voter
         | myself but its beyond parody how Democrats screw up their own
         | cities like this.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | yawn
        
           | originalvichy wrote:
           | Im not american but looking at your poll numbers isn't every
           | major city democrat-leaning?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't take HN threads into partisan flamewar. Nothing
           | good can come of this.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | Most American cities will do absolutely anything to reduce
         | homelessness except build more housing:
         | https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/i-will-do-anything-to-en...
         | 
         | California cities are probably the worst offenders:
         | https://seliger.com/2017/08/30/l-digs-hole-slowly-
         | economics-..., but even Austin is underbuilding relative to
         | demand.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | One of the very liberal reporters at the LA Times did a
           | series of articles on the homeless crisis in LA a year or two
           | ago.
           | 
           | He actually had difficulty finding a homeless person who was
           | from Southern California. Nearly all of the homeless were
           | from other states or other countries.
           | 
           | It's not California's failure so much as it is that the rest
           | of the nation is using California to warehouse their homeless
           | so they can feel smug about not caring for their own
           | citizens.
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Remember that only 40% of Californians are from California.
             | Most people in California aren't from there.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Austin story is simple: housing is overpriced, they are only
         | slightly behind the same process as the SF Bay Area. In the
         | time frame you mentioned Austin housing prices increased by
         | 50%, which is ridiculous. There's not another mysterious cause
         | of homelessness.
        
           | austincheney wrote:
           | I think that must be an oversimplification. Fort Worth just
           | to the north is growing at the same speed as Austin. My house
           | has doubled in value in the last 11 years. Yet, Fort Worth is
           | extremely anti-homeless in its city ordinances and we don't
           | have a visible homeless problem. As Fort Worth is a giant
           | city in a warm climate I am sure there is a homeless problem,
           | but we residents don't have to see it.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Even so, housing costs in Ft. Worth are still much cheaper
             | than in Austin, and the difference is widening. In the last
             | 30 years housing in Austin has gone from 30% cheaper than
             | Ft. Worth to 30% more expensive. It's easy to see why: Ft.
             | Worth enjoys liberal-marketarian zoning policies and Austin
             | suffers increasingly from left-NIMBY potectionism,
             | meanwhile population pressure is actually higher in Austin
             | due to job growth. That is why the Austin situation seems
             | to me to be quite similar to the SF Bay Area.
             | 
             | Not discounting that Ft. Worth local policies may do a
             | better job of hiding homelessness, only I don't think it is
             | the root cause.
        
               | res0nat0r wrote:
               | It's because the city council a while back decriminalized
               | homeless camping, so it's become much more obvious and
               | prevalent in high traffic areas. I can see this for
               | myself if I walk a handful of blocks from where I live
               | and see the new tent city which wasn't there a year ago.
               | They're likely going to reverse this rule since it's not
               | really fixing problem.
               | 
               | https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2021/01/25/austin-
               | texas...
               | 
               | https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2021/01/21/homelessn
               | ess...
        
             | 650REDHAIR wrote:
             | What do the jails look like?
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | > Something in the handling of the homeless problem had failed
         | in that city.
         | 
         | Austin city council removed a ban on camping in public in 2019.
         | The pitch was that it "decriminalized homelessness".
         | 
         | Austin is still a liberal city, but revocation of the ban is
         | now widely reviled given the tents and trash that have grown
         | everywhere, without doing anything really to help homeless
         | people. There is an initiative on the ballot for an election in
         | May to reinstate the camping ban, and I'd take a 100-to-1 bet
         | it will pass.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >Something in the handling of the homeless problem had failed
         | in that city
         | 
         | I'd wager that they made the problem worse by importing rich
         | people with a high tolerance for bad public policy and
         | homelessness.
        
         | finiteseries wrote:
         | 2019 levels would be an improvement given what's gone on in
         | 2020, the pandemic has made everything much, much worse.
         | 
         | A progression of one of the camps from Jan 2020 to Aug 2020
         | https://youtu.be/xbsXgU6PO6U
         | 
         | Downtown Austin a few weeks ago: https://youtu.be/aDvqut1zLso
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | Anybody know about initiatives to build cabins instead of letting
       | people sleep in the cold ?
        
       | Joeri wrote:
       | Housing first is an approach conceived in the U.S. but for
       | political reasons not as widely adopted as it should be. 99pi did
       | a fascinating podcast series about the homelessness problem in
       | oakland and how housing first fits into the picture. My
       | preconceived notions of why people are homeless were definitely
       | upended.
       | 
       | https://99percentinvisible.org/need/
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | I'm in the US. I was homeless as a teenager (not by choice). I
       | live adjacent to a major homeless community (not by design). My
       | ex left our family to join the homeless community (she struggles
       | with mh issues). I have some observations.
       | 
       | We could sharply reduce homeless numbers here if we had in-
       | patient mental health facilities (for non-wealthy), comprehensive
       | housing aid and politically powerful job placement programs.
       | 
       | I just looked up our jail budget and inmate population; we pay
       | ~$25k/inmate/year (excluding court & police costs). That money
       | gets us a pretty solid guarantee that arrested mentally ill
       | people will reoffend, given how many entrenched systems there are
       | to make sure that convicted people are locked out of most jobs
       | and housing.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | In-patient services for mental health were decimated in the
         | 80's. Reagan cut the funding and cities were flooded with
         | homeless + mentally ill people. I was at UC Berkeley at the
         | time this happened. There were so many seriously mentally ill
         | folks on the street. It was sad.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | It worked out great for Republicans. The spike in crime rates
           | made their "tough on crime" message resonate. When you're
           | homeless and mentally ill it's basically guaranteed that
           | you're going to have fights with the police.
        
             | HNfriend234 wrote:
             | Tough on crime isn't purely a republican stance though.
             | Democrats worked hand-in-hand with republicans in the late
             | 1980s to push through many tough on crime policies. This
             | was due to crime skyrocketing in the 1980s due to cheap and
             | abundant crack cocaine flooding America's streets.
        
         | klodolph wrote:
         | Just an observation. The mental health system doesn't have much
         | capacity to begin with. Even for middle-class folk with
         | insurance it can be very hard to get treatment. There is a
         | shortage of mental health professionals which is projected to
         | get worse. Psychiatrists are mostly doing medication management
         | because that's where they're most effective. Following the path
         | of getting treatment--everything including diagnosis, therapy,
         | medication, and accommodation requests--requires a shocking
         | amount of initiative on the part of the patient.
         | 
         | I would love to see the country dig itself out of the hole. I
         | think the mental health crisis itself is huge. Both in-patient
         | and out-patient. We need more psychiatrists and psychiatrist
         | PAs.
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | > Psychiatrists are mostly doing medication management
           | because that's where they're most effective.
           | 
           | I think it's money: insurance will shell a lot more $/hour if
           | they do 15 minute medication appointments instead of hour
           | therapy + medication appointments.
        
         | klondike_ wrote:
         | Inpatient mental hospitals used to be in every state. They
         | housed not only the mentally ill but also the chronically
         | homeless and other outcasts. As the advent of antipsychotics
         | and antidepressants reduced their population, these hospitals
         | were an obvious target for budget cuts throughout the 80s and
         | 90s. They money for the community health centers that were
         | supposed to replace them never materialized, and thousands of
         | patients were left without access to their medication. Some
         | estimate that over 50% of the homeless population is mentally
         | ill.
         | 
         | Ironically prison systems now provide these services (and
         | sometimes paying more for them!!), but in a much worse
         | environment for the patients.
         | 
         | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/showsasylums/
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | I'll never forget this fact because there is a King of the
           | Hill episode (10:13) where a mentally-ill, homeless man named
           | Spongy exclaims "Ronald Reagan kicked me out of my mental
           | hospital!" and Hank bashfully tries to justify it as part of
           | winning the cold war.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | It is probably much harder being homeless in Finland than in San
       | Francisco just from the weather. San Francisco is relatively
       | mild, even in winter. Finland in winter gets pretty cold, and
       | people are in severe danger of death or loss of body parts from
       | frostbite.
        
       | adaisadais wrote:
       | Homelessness does not beget homelessness. It is most important to
       | note that. Our society is so focused at solving the primary
       | symptoms without ever diving deeper into the root cause of things
       | like this (looking at you Sf).
       | 
       | To experience homelessness one must have first experienced a
       | reason to now be homeless. In modern western society we have many
       | failsafes that prevent people from becoming totally dislodged
       | from a place of shelter. But more and more people are losing such
       | shelter and are ending up on our streets. Why?
       | 
       | The answer is often rooted in the human condition. Solving that
       | is almost impossible... but it's worth trying.
        
         | offtop5 wrote:
         | I'll say this as someone who's been evicted twice, the number
         | one reason the vast majority of people end up homeless is
         | because they don't have money.
         | 
         | This can happen for a small array of reasons, let's say you're
         | in a bad marriage and your spouse leaves. You simply can't make
         | the rent anymore, you're now homeless.
         | 
         | 19 years old, and you're getting into really bad fights with
         | your parents, you're now homeless.
         | 
         | Develop a medical issue in your mid-30s which prevents you from
         | working, you're now homeless.
         | 
         | In my fantasy world we wouldn't even have evictions, instead a
         | social worker would advise you that you're legally entitled to
         | effectively a dorm of some sort.
         | 
         | >In modern western society we have many failsafes that prevent
         | people from becoming totally dislodged from a place of shelter.
         | 
         | You're kidding right, when you're released from prison they
         | give you 20 bucks. Awful hard to find housing with $20 you
         | know, especially when you have a criminal record. A ton of
         | people did do things which warranted a sentence, but we make no
         | effort to reintegrate these people. So you did something bad
         | when you were 20, you being 35 years old out on the streets
         | without any hope isn't healing anything. If anything at all
         | you're much more likely to resort to another crime of
         | desperation.
        
           | jariel wrote:
           | I think there are generally accepted to be 2 categories -
           | those that fall out temporarily and the long term homeless.
           | 
           | Your situation is more the former. It's really common and
           | that's what basic safety nets are for.
           | 
           | The longer term folks - serious drug addiction, mental
           | illness, excessive abuse etc. etc. - those are the harder
           | cases.
        
         | porb121 wrote:
         | > In modern western society we have many failsafes that prevent
         | people from becoming totally dislodged from a place of shelter.
         | 
         | the US has much weaker social safety nets, and the ones it does
         | have are often conditional on applications or proof of work.
         | 
         | to say solving homelessness is almost impossible when US
         | homelessness is orders of magnitude worse than countries like
         | Finland's is nonsensical
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | It should be pretty elementary to solve homelessness, as
         | Finland has shown. There's also no reason we can't have full
         | employment. The Soviet Union had it.
        
           | grumple wrote:
           | The USSR ran enterprises at a loss and kept workers idle
           | though. And then their economy and government collapsed.
           | 
           | Not exactly a recipe for success.
        
           | itake wrote:
           | I've lived in LA, SF, and Boulder. Most of the homeless in
           | these cities are not interested in being apart of society.
           | They are perfectly happy with their lifestyle of mental
           | health and drug addictions.
           | 
           | Yes, there is a minority of homeless struggling to rejoin
           | society, but the (pardon verbiage) worst people have no
           | interest or empathy for society.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | You're already coming across as very judgmental of these
             | people. Have you actually talked to them? Do you know why
             | they prefer their lifestyle? I mean you just implied that
             | mental health is a lifestyle or addiction (??? maybe check
             | your phrasing), and that drug addiction is a lifestyle
             | choice instead of e.g. a coping mechanism because society
             | failed them.
        
               | itake wrote:
               | > Have you actually talked to them?
               | 
               | yes. Everyone has their own story. Checkout these
               | interviews on Youtube:
               | 
               | LA - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6ZFzEW7_Q4 Seattle
               | - https://youtu.be/bpAi70WWBlw?t=877
               | 
               | The homeless I talked with in Boulder romanticize camping
               | forever along the creeks and being free from society,
               | while trying to leach off of public services.
               | 
               | > Do you know why they prefer their lifestyle?
               | 
               | Drug addiction, mental health, and in some cases lack of
               | family support.
               | 
               | > that drug addiction is a lifestyle choice
               | 
               | Drug addiction is a choice. Based on my very limited
               | personal experiences, you gotta commit to making a change
               | (see above videos). Many addicts just aren't ready to
               | leave their vices for a better life. No amount of rehab
               | will help someone if they aren't ready to commit to a
               | change.
               | 
               | > society failed them.
               | 
               | Sorry if this sounds conservative, but trying to blame
               | other people for your problems doesn't really get you any
               | where. Society throws problems at everyone, some more
               | than others. Laying around complaining or rejecting it
               | doesn't improve anyone's situation.
               | 
               | People need to apply critical thinking skills and tackle
               | their own issues (hence the need for an addict needing to
               | commit to the idea of solving the problem of their
               | addiction).
               | 
               | Ex-homeless/addicts getting together to correct "society
               | failed" them problems via AA meetings is an excellent
               | example of people that apply critical thinking skills and
               | try to help.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > Sorry if this sounds conservative, but trying to blame
               | other people for your problems doesn't really get you any
               | where.
               | 
               | The person you are responding to is not homeless and is
               | not talking about own problems at all. Much less blaming
               | own homeless problem on somebody else.
               | 
               | Instead, he is someone who is trying to talk about
               | strategies people like him, non homeless people, can push
               | for so that other peoples chance to become homeless is
               | smaller.
               | 
               | Basically, compete opposite of your accusation.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Woop, there's the "socialism is a slippery slope to
           | communism" argument.
        
             | collyw wrote:
             | Isn't socialism supposed to be the stepping stone to
             | communism (but usually ends up in totalitarianism instead)?
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | No. Communism was supposed to be abrupt revolution and
               | transformation. The democratic socialism was seen as
               | enemy, because it made people calmer, happier and less
               | likely to commit to revolution.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Isn't socialism supposed to be the stepping stone to
               | communism
               | 
               | The "socialism" stage of Marxist Communism, which in
               | Leninist practice (which differs sharply from the
               | dictates of Marxism from which it was adapted, but shares
               | this and some other elements of theory) _is_
               | totalitarianism (not a stepping stone to it) is supposed
               | to be a stepping stone to the perfected end state in that
               | theoretical framework. But neither the Marxist nor
               | especially the Leninist form of that is the same thing as
               | the "socialism" pursued by non-Marxist socialists, and in
               | non-Marxist socialism there 's no consistent role of
               | socialism as a stepping stone to something else, whether
               | utopian Communism or some other end-state.
        
         | iSnow wrote:
         | >Homelessness does not beget homelessness. It is most important
         | to note that
         | 
         | But is this really a fact? I agree with your later reasoning
         | that homelessness is a symptom of deeper problems, but I'd
         | argue that our societies should have one more failsafe in
         | place: housing for the homeless.
         | 
         | I've never been sleeping rough, but I'd think it would be
         | pretty traumatic. This would kick some into seeking help, but
         | would make others fail even more.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > In modern western society we have many failsafes
         | 
         | The US called, they want you to pay your hospital bills.
         | 
         | Or when it comes to SF, rent.
        
         | user-the-name wrote:
         | Actually the answer is much more often rooted in capitalism,
         | which is a lot easier to solve.
        
       | crazypython wrote:
       | As soon as https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25903259 was
       | posted, two posts in /new, it helped bring this one, got to the
       | front page:
       | 
       | 26. Show HN: Rust-starter, a boilerplate to build Rust CLI
       | applications (github.com/rust-starter) 18 points by csomar 19
       | minutes ago | flag | hide | past | 6 comments
       | 
       | 27. Finland has slashed homelessness; the rest of Europe is
       | failing (economist.com) 30 points by ashergill 19 minutes ago |
       | flag | hide | past | 11 comments
       | 
       | 28. The Reasons I'm Joining BIGtoken as CEO (medium.com/crypto-
       | oracle) 3 points by simonebrunozzi 19 minutes ago | flag | hide |
       | past | 1 comment
       | 
       | 29. Upvote to encourage more people to visit New Links on Hacker
       | News (ycombinator.com) 164 points by crazypython 21 minutes ago |
       | hide | past | 19 comments
        
       | reedf1 wrote:
       | It all comes back to a concept as freshman as it gets - Maslow's
       | hierarchy of needs. How are you supposed to get out of any
       | societal freefall without shelter?
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Exactly so. I mean there's plenty of people that are not
         | homeless but because of poverty can't get to the next tier of
         | said hierarchy.
        
         | devoutsalsa wrote:
         | One of the hardest things for me when I was in financial free
         | fall was how little my friends could understand or help. They
         | didn't understand that I literally had no where to go, and that
         | me asking for a place to crash wasn't me simply wanting to
         | visit at the last minute. My friends also weren't rich, so even
         | if I could have stayed with them, it's not like they had a
         | spare bedroom or guest cottage in which I could stay for a
         | while. Oddly enough, the people who did let me stay with them
         | were folks that were themselves nearly broke and/or recently
         | homeless, all of whom I had only recently met. They understood
         | that if I was asking them for a place to crash, that I really
         | needed a place to stay. The kindness of strangers really saved
         | my butt in 2009.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Finland has 5.5M people and about 5 thousand homeless. Los
       | Angeles county has 10.5M people and estimates are nearing 100,000
       | homeless. The situation is an order of magnitude different in Los
       | Angeles, even by West Coast standards, and what works in Findland
       | is unlikely to scale anywhere else, much less a place like the
       | U.S. which has the bare minimum of a social safety net compared
       | to the rest of the developed world.
        
         | anewaccount2021 wrote:
         | Homeless in LA also won't freeze to death if they sleep outside
         | in January.
        
         | pretendscholar wrote:
         | Why wouldn't scale help los angeles tackle the same problem?
        
         | porb121 wrote:
         | what works in Finland (giving people housing) definitely works
         | in Los Angeles - LA was the subject of a recent research paper
         | demonstrating the massive success of such a program
         | 
         | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H9oD3zeBPua7r5wFoHVrMZmmiqK...
        
       | u678u wrote:
       | In areas of the USA with the population density of Finland there
       | isn't much (any?) homelessness either.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | And your point is...?
         | 
         | I mean I guess culling the population to make the price of
         | housing drop is one solution, but it's a bit strong don't you
         | think?
        
           | u678u wrote:
           | The point is its easy to fix homelessness when land is cheap
           | and building materials are cheap. It doesn't really help our
           | problems in big American cities.
        
         | hedberg10 wrote:
         | In areas of the USA with the average temperatures of Finland
         | there isn't much (any?) homelessness either.
        
         | naavis wrote:
         | It doesn't make much sense to look at the average population
         | density of Finland. Homeless people don't really roam the empty
         | countryside, they are in the cities, probably much like in the
         | US too.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | Related news: European Court of Human Rights just made important
       | ruling that decriminalizes begging. Making it criminal to be poor
       | is against human rights.
       | 
       | -----
       | 
       | ECHR 021 (2021)
       | 
       | 19.01.2021
       | 
       | (Judgment Lacatus v. Switzerland)
       | 
       | The penalty imposed on the applicant for begging in public
       | breached the Convention
       | 
       | In today's Chamber judgment 1 in the case of Lacatusv.
       | Switzerland (application no. 14065/15) the European Court of
       | Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been:
       | 
       | a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family
       | life)of the European Convention on Human Rights.
       | 
       | The case concerned an order for the applicant to pay a fine of
       | 500 Swiss francs (CHF) (approximately 464 euros (EUR)) for
       | begging in public in Geneva, and her detention in a remand prison
       | for five days for failure to pay the fine.
       | 
       | The Court observed that the applicant, who was illiterate and
       | came from an extremely poor family, had no work and was not in
       | receipt of social benefits. Begging constituted a means of
       | survival for her. Being in a clearly vulnerable situation, the
       | applicant had had the right, inherent in human dignity, to be
       | able to convey her plight and attempt to meet her basic needs by
       | begging.
       | 
       | The Court considered that the penalty imposed on the applicant
       | had not been proportionate either to the aim of combating
       | organised crime or to the aim of protecting the rights of
       | passers-by, residents and shopkeepers.
       | 
       | The Court did not subscribe to the Federal Court's argument that
       | less restrictive measures would not have achieved a comparable
       | result.In the Court's view, the penalty imposed had infringed the
       | applicant's human dignity and impaired the very essence of the
       | rights protected by Article 8 of the Convention, and the State
       | had thus overstepped its margin of appreciation in the present
       | case.
        
         | eznzt wrote:
         | > Related news: European Court of Human Rights just made
         | important ruling that decriminalizes begging. Making it
         | criminal to be poor is against human rights.
         | 
         | Equating begging with being poor is wrong.
         | 
         | Bothering others is not a human right.
        
         | Youden wrote:
         | I agree with the sentiment but based on the text of the ruling,
         | I can't agree with the ruling itself [0]. Missing from your
         | summary is:
         | 
         | - "The applicant, Violeta-Sibianca Lacatus, is a Romanian
         | national who was born in 1992 and lives in Bistrita-Nasaud
         | (Romania)."
         | 
         | - "In 2011 Ms Lacatus, who was unable to find work, began
         | asking for charity in Geneva."
         | 
         | Why was somebody who "lives in" Romania begging in Geneva?
         | Would she not have received social benefits in Romania? This
         | looks like a perverse kind of tourism. Refugees and asylum
         | seekers I can understand but Romania isn't a warzone or
         | dictatorship, it's an EU member state.
         | 
         | And I think "decriminalizes begging" is a bit hyperbolic. The
         | court did set some precedent but they were also clear that a
         | critical factor in the ruling was that this woman was in a
         | situation where she genuinely needed to beg in order to
         | survive.
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&...
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | > Why was somebody who "lives in" Romania begging in Geneva?
           | Would she not have received social benefits in Romania? This
           | looks like a perverse kind of tourism. Refugees and asylum
           | seekers I can understand but Romania isn't a warzone or
           | dictatorship, it's an EU member state.
           | 
           | Social benefits in Romania are miserable compared to other EU
           | countries. And cost of living in the cities is going up due
           | to business booming. I've seen families with kids sleep on
           | the streets there. It's really sad.
           | 
           | A well educated retired teacher who was begging in Bucharest
           | whom I spoke to for an hour explained it to me. She was very
           | smart and well aware of world politics (and excellent
           | English) but she just couldn't make ends meet. Definitely not
           | an alcoholic or someone 'who doesn't care enough to get a
           | job'. It's the old people that are really in trouble as they
           | lack the skills to work in this modern world and their
           | pensions apparently are worse than in the communist days
           | (taking rent increases / cost of living inflation into
           | account). Many jobs were moved from public sector to private
           | and their pensions evaporated as a result.
           | 
           | Having said that, the young people do really well in Romania,
           | they get good education and all the chances they need.
           | Business is booming especially callcenters because Romanians
           | generally excel at languages.
           | 
           | I wish the EU would start imposing minimum standards to
           | welfare because the old generation there is really getting
           | left behind. I saw people in the flat beside our fancy office
           | who had no windows but just plastic bags hanging in their
           | flat, in -15 C. While outside the Audi's and BMWs from the
           | upper class queue up and the young people are the new middle
           | class, the old are just watching it all pass them by. The
           | gains of the new system aren't divided fairly.
           | 
           | I'm surprised this 28-year-old needed to beg though, their
           | age group have the best chances.
        
         | usr1106 wrote:
         | That sounds like a reasonable decision.
         | 
         | After all advertisement is nothing but begging to increase the
         | profit of the advertiser. If I really need to buy something,
         | I'm sure I can do so without advertisement.
         | 
         | Advertisement, be it some marketing phone call, someone
         | offering me whatever subscription on the corridor of the mall,
         | and ads making my phone browsing experience super slow are a
         | much bigger nuisance to me than beggars.
         | 
         | The amount of various form of soliticing might vary where you
         | live. But forbidding everything that's a nuisance to someone
         | won't be the solution.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | A bit of a jump. I mean I get that you dislike advertising
           | and I agree with you, but equating it to begging is reaching
           | and diluting the discussion with your issue is adding
           | confusion.
        
             | usr1106 wrote:
             | Where is the difference? Businesses charge more than what
             | their costs are, the rest is their profit. Beggars request
             | more than what they deliver, everything is their profit.
             | Still beggars seem to succeed worse. I have no problem with
             | that, but there is no reason to "declare" their business
             | model illegal.
             | 
             | If you buy an Apple product you bought a status symbol. If
             | you give to a beggar you bought a warm feeling, that it did
             | not harm you and helped them.
             | 
             | Disclaimer: I have never bought an Apple product. I hardly
             | ever give money to beggars. But I do give them food if I
             | happen to carry some. Which could be my supremacy that I
             | don't want the to spend my money on alcohol.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | That depends on how you define 'costs'. You seem to be
               | narrowing a business' costs to COGS (cost of goods sold),
               | and disregarding marketing and financing costs which may
               | be critical to reaching or maintaining an economy of
               | scale.
        
         | dd_roger wrote:
         | > Related news: European Court of Human Rights just made
         | important ruling that decriminalizes begging. Making it
         | criminal to be poor is against human rights.
         | 
         | Lol, you're taking a very ungenuine shortcut. Legal residents
         | who also happen to be poor do not resort to begging because
         | they receive help through the appropriate welfare programs. The
         | the overwhelming large majority of people affected by this law
         | are foreigners who take advantage of Schengen to come to a rich
         | country only for begging. These people have no legitimity of
         | being here and earn no sympathy from me.
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | I sure that we both can agree that
           | 
           | - illegitimacy or being foreigners does not remove human
           | rights and human dignity.
           | 
           | - feelings or sympathy or lack of them should not be taken
           | account when administering justice or government policy.
           | 
           | ps. Roma from Romania are not illegitimate. They are free to
           | move across Europe. Free travel is also for the poor. Swiss
           | voters reject bid to curb EU freedom of movement
           | https://www.dw.com/en/swiss-voters-reject-bid-to-curb-eu-
           | fre...
           | 
           | >Swiss voters on Sunday overwhelmingly rejected a proposal to
           | limit the free movement of people and immigration from the
           | European Union.
        
             | dd_roger wrote:
             | Romania isn't in Schengen so yes, they are illegitimate.
             | But you're the only one talking about Roma here.
             | 
             | What should be taken into account for policy making is the
             | interest of the country's citizens (and non-national legal
             | residents to a lesser extent), not "begging tourists".
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | This means that anti-panhandling/anti-begging laws will become
         | void soon in several countries.
         | 
         | This could lead to some interesting results if it's true that
         | some branches of organized crime use organized begging.
        
           | nabla9 wrote:
           | Yes. This is very exiting.
           | 
           | The ruling creates real incentives to attack real problems,
           | instead of brushing them out of sight.
        
             | cxcorp wrote:
             | Unfortunately I would imagine that it's still easier to
             | spread a narrative blaming the EU than to attack the real
             | problems.
        
               | username90 wrote:
               | The beggar was not Switzerland's problem, it was a
               | tourist.
        
       | ashergill wrote:
       | paywall link: https://outline.com/JV4xXe
       | 
       | edit: no longer working, apologies.
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | The link doesn't work, it just shows "None."
        
         | jchw wrote:
         | https://archive.is/viQQG
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/viQQG
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | https://archive.is/viQQG
        
       | sevenf0ur wrote:
       | Why is France taking in more migrants than it can support? It
       | seems cruel to have your migrants homeless and living on the
       | streets.
        
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       (page generated 2021-01-25 23:01 UTC)