[HN Gopher] Switzerland votes against electronic ID system provi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Switzerland votes against electronic ID system provided by private
       companies
        
       Author : bontoJR
       Score  : 446 points
       Date   : 2021-03-07 17:45 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.swissinfo.ch)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.swissinfo.ch)
        
       | dunefox wrote:
       | Meanwhile in Germany: "Hey, wouldn't it be so swell if people
       | needed to provide their ID when signing up for email accounts and
       | instant messengers?"
        
         | ketzu wrote:
         | It's currently only a request by the ministry of interior, not
         | actually in the discussed law, isn't it? It's not like
         | switzerland politics didn't propose the thing that's been voted
         | out, either.
        
           | dunefox wrote:
           | Yes, it's just a request but it's quite a worrying trend that
           | it's okay to even have a politician propose this - especially
           | with the Stasi not long ago...
        
       | throwaway3535f wrote:
       | I'm a bit sad the referendum passed as the law was creating a
       | regulated environment were anyone could start an ID provider and
       | other providers would be forced to interoperate. Basically it
       | mandated a distributed protocol. The alternative to my dream of
       | having a cooperative of my choice handling my metadata seems will
       | be to have the state know everything about me. Let's see how it
       | will play out. Maybe we will put some privacy by design concepts
       | in the implementation.
       | 
       | On the plus side all the lobbyist that were involved in this
       | story have been recalled to order.
        
       | eznzt wrote:
       | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss--burka-ban--vote-too-clos...
       | 
       | >A decade after another national vote that banned the building of
       | minarets, Switzerland will introduce a clause in its constitution
       | to outlaw face coverings, including the Islamic burka and niqab,
       | in public spaces.
       | 
       | That's very cool, the EU has a lot to learn regarding direct
       | democracy--I wonder if the refugee crisis would have happened at
       | all if people were asked if they wanted to accept the refugees or
       | not.
        
         | emteycz wrote:
         | Oh no, another great country destroyed by democracy. When will
         | people learn that there are things that shouldn't be voted
         | about... :-(
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | How do you decide the things that shouldn't be voted on
           | without voting?
        
             | emteycz wrote:
             | Why do you need voting to understand a person's clothing is
             | not for you to decide? It was well understood before
             | democracy crazed the minds of everyone - not even feudal
             | lords thought they could do that, not even communists did.
        
         | tuwtuwtuwtuw wrote:
         | > I wonder if the refugee crisis would have happened at all
         | 
         | Pretty sure the main issue, the fact that people needed to
         | leave their homes and countries, would still have happened.
        
           | wirrbel wrote:
           | It amazes me how people buy into the right-wing narrative
           | about politicians having invited refugees to Europe, when in
           | fact, the EU is trying hard to keep them from entering in the
           | first place.
           | 
           | What might have prevented the refugee crisis might have been
           | if the middle-east region had not been destabilised in the
           | previous decades. And part of that destabilisation is due to
           | the US Republican party pushing for an invasion in Iraq.
        
             | swayvil wrote:
             | People believe whatever is shouted loudest and longest.
             | That's physics. It's inevitable.
        
             | eznzt wrote:
             | > It amazes me how people buy into the right-wing narrative
             | about politicians having invited refugees to Europe, when
             | in fact, the EU is trying hard to keep them from entering
             | in the first place.
             | 
             | Have they tried, I don't know, mounted machine guns?
             | 
             | Might sound like a joke, but what other options do you have
             | when hordes of young, able-bodied males are invading your
             | country?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | You can't do this here.
        
             | matthewmacleod wrote:
             | Drives me up the fucking wall. Spend years bombing the shit
             | out of countries and selling arms to despots, then having
             | the gall to complain when refugees from the situation you
             | encouraged turn up on your doorstep.
             | 
             | You solve the "refugee crisis" by fostering peace and
             | prosperity in countries that don't have it, not by
             | spreading lies about it.
        
               | MikeUt wrote:
               | It was the US that pushed for and did (is doing?) most of
               | the bombing, and Europe that got hit with refugees.
               | 
               | But even if it were the same country, it's not the same
               | people - the wars were pushed from the top [1], the
               | resistance to immigrants from the bottom ("populism").
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/27
               | /bush-a...
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | You really need to update your knowledge of history. Look
               | at Belgian, French, Dutch and British colonial empires.
               | Especially the Belgian one and its brutality might
               | interest you. And the British one was active in Middle
               | East waaaay before America.
        
               | MikeUt wrote:
               | It's the colonial empires that caused the refugee crisis?
               | I thought it was the much more recent bombings. But if it
               | was the colonial empires, how come Turkey faced no
               | refugee crisis from their colonies in south-eastern
               | Europe [1,2]? How come the refugee crisis was _now_ , and
               | not at the height of those colonial empires you blame?
               | 
               | You see colonialism when it suits you, and are blind to
               | it when it doesn't.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_genocide
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Thra
               | cian_Bu...
        
               | PoignardAzur wrote:
               | > You solve the "refugee crisis" by fostering peace and
               | prosperity in countries that don't have it, not by
               | spreading lies about it.
               | 
               | That's _really_ not an actionable goal.
               | 
               | Fostering war and misery is really easy, you just have to
               | bomb some places. Fostering peace and prosperity isn't
               | something you can actively do.
               | 
               | Even if you refrain from participating in abroad wars,
               | they still happen. People still rise up against
               | governments they don't like, the governments still
               | violently crush uprisings, etc. The only difference if
               | you get to say it's not your fault.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | mLuby wrote:
         | > "Facial coverings are contrary to our value system," Wobmann
         | told Swiss public television, SRF. He said there were now clear
         | rules in place so that "people know that in our country, you
         | show your face in public".
         | 
         | I wonder if this reasoning will be re-examined due to
         | widespread good faith face mask use during the pandemic.
        
           | zaik wrote:
           | Wearing a mask for health reasons is still allowed. That
           | being said, laws prohibiting what you may wear, targeted
           | specifically against a religion, are concerning.
        
             | throwoutttt wrote:
             | Conserning to some, liberating to many
        
             | sjwright wrote:
             | Concerning to whom? The people who want to impose clothing
             | upon others or the people who have clothing imposed upon
             | them?
             | 
             | (And before anyone cries discrimination, this particular
             | subject is entirely geographic-cultural. Somehow we've been
             | convinced that culture must have a veto over sexism. IMHO
             | that shouldn't be considered a settled debate.)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | aseerdbnarng wrote:
       | "It is key for Switzerland to catch up with other countries when
       | it comes digitalisation"
       | 
       | Why?
        
         | ThePadawan wrote:
         | Because person hours are expensive (because food is expensive
         | because person hours are expensive because socialized health
         | care is expensive).
         | 
         | Every process that currently involves reams of paperwork (like
         | the ~20 page tax declaration that is due this month - yikes)
         | that can be done digitally instead saves the taxpayer or
         | customer money.
         | 
         | And the Swiss do like their money.
        
           | CaptainZapp wrote:
           | > socialized health care is expensive
           | 
           | Socialized health care? There's no such thing in Switzerland.
           | 
           | Sure, health insurance is mandatory. No question that it's
           | heavily regulated (i.e. basic insurance can't rule you out or
           | discriminate against you for pre-existing conditions).
           | 
           | But socialized health care? Give me a break.
           | 
           | > like the ~20 page tax declaration that is due this month
           | 
           | The actual declaration is covered by 4 basic pages. In
           | addition there's a declaration of assets and a couple of
           | helper pages for deductions.
           | 
           | You can download tax declaration software for free (at least
           | in the canton of Zurich) and using it for your declaration
           | takes all of 20 minutes.
           | 
           | It may be a bit more complex if you own real estate, or if
           | some other complexities are involved.
           | 
           | You either don't have a clue or you're massively over-
           | exaggerating for reasons, which elude me.
        
           | smoe wrote:
           | Tax declaration are the cantons (state) responsibility . Some
           | are further than others. I filled out my first declaration
           | some 14 years ago via a web platform.
           | 
           | Most everything being decentralized maybe makes nationwide
           | digitalization slower, but that is crucial aspect of the
           | political system.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Also, person-based systems break down when asked to scale
           | suddenly, because it takes a while to hire and train more
           | people. We already saw this with how quickly even contact
           | tracing systems break down when infections go above a certain
           | point. Depending on economic conditions, there also may not
           | be people to hire; pre-COVID, there were public transport
           | funds in Seattle being unused, because there was not enough
           | drivers to spend the funds on.
           | 
           | Another example, comparing how digital COVID payments in
           | South Korea were a lot simpler and faster than in paperwork-
           | heavy Japan:
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-20/in-
           | virus-...
        
           | lwkl wrote:
           | Taxes? You fill in the form in on your computer and can file
           | it digitally. And if you print it it's encoded in a format
           | similar to QR codes.
           | 
           | Tax offices are fully digital since at least 10 years. If you
           | file with paper it's scanned and destroyed. Your local tax
           | office receives all the documents digitally. Of course this
           | could vary by canton.
        
             | ThePadawan wrote:
             | > Of course this could vary by canton.
             | 
             | It does. Zurich still sends me a thick envelope with the 20
             | pages and tells me to throw away 90% of it if I do my taxes
             | digitally.
        
               | phreeza wrote:
               | I only got this the first time after moving here, after
               | that they switched to just sending me the access code.
        
               | CaptainZapp wrote:
               | I actually double checked.
               | 
               | What they send out (and yes, in the canton of Zurich) is
               | two A3 pages (printed on both sides) a form informing you
               | how to extend sending it in and, most ironically, an A4
               | page informing, why they send out less paperwork
               | 
               | It's right in front of me. So feel free to prove me
               | wrong.
        
               | bbu wrote:
               | You should check your envelope again. If you did your
               | taxes online in the past you don't even have to snail
               | mail the receipts anymore, they accept digital
               | copies/photographs now.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | There seems to be plenty of economic incentive for automation
           | in the US without socialized health care.
           | 
           | It has occured to me though that one thing that makes
           | automation and digitalization of society "affordable" by
           | comparison to human labor is -- skimping on security,
           | building this giant house of insecure fragile IT. If we were
           | to actually pay for reliable secure systems we probably
           | couldn't afford the computers-replace-person-hours version
           | either, not sure where that would leave us.
           | 
           | The USA-ians definitely like their money as much as the
           | Swiss.
        
         | eertami wrote:
         | Imagine if you had to print a paper form and mail or deliver it
         | to the local Government for even the simplest of administrative
         | tasks.
         | 
         | Because that is life in Switzerland.
        
           | tsbinz wrote:
           | I extended the deadline for my 2020 tax declaration today
           | (Zurich). I did so by scanning a QR code, entering my email
           | address for the confirmation, and clicking send.
        
             | eertami wrote:
             | Anecdotal, but in SG I recently had to submit ~20 pages of
             | documentation for a permit. Obviously I don't have a
             | printer so this was annoying in itself. Once I took those
             | printed pages to the Rathaus they just scanned all the
             | documents anyway.
             | 
             | Maybe ZH does things better, but I still feel like it's a
             | shame there is not more standardisation. I understand why
             | politically this is difficult though with the independence
             | of the cantons.
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | Well yes, but lots of Switzerland is rural, and dropping off
           | paperwork is no more bother than picking up a loaf of bread.
           | Lots of us _like_ seeing our neighbor, who happens to also be
           | our greffe communal.
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | No one is saying you can't see your neighbor if you don't
             | have errands to run.
        
               | etiam wrote:
               | Exactly, no one is saying you can't see your neighbor if
               | you don't have errands to run.
               | 
               | But the fact is you won't be doing that anywhere near as
               | much if the way of doing the errands works against seeing
               | people as if it works for. Defaults matter, a lot.
        
           | nixass wrote:
           | Germany is hardly, if at all, better. For anything related to
           | banking, insurances, taxes, rent, healthcare.. I have tons of
           | papers
        
         | ILikeBikes wrote:
         | The latest European standard for IDs is a credit-card sized of
         | plastic with a chip in it.
         | 
         | It should allow more security, because digital signature is
         | harder to forge than previous physical securities. But also you
         | could use them more easily in other countries, as it can be
         | read by a computer, and not a human that speaks a finite set of
         | languages.
         | 
         | Lastly, you could use them for authentication for various
         | online and daily services, such as banking, taxes, creation of
         | companies, digital signature,... that are said to save time on
         | logistics.
        
           | labawi wrote:
           | > digital signature is harder to forge than previous physical
           | securities
           | 
           | Yet there are countries running 3072-bit RSA on Infineon
           | chips, because their 3K keys are least broken. Discovery also
           | entailed country-wide certificate revocation, which IIRC
           | happened days if not weeks after the flaws were public, while
           | the law states a digital signature has the same bearing as a
           | physical one.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | I would still argue that the losses caused by this breach
             | were less than what other countries using a paper-based
             | system see on a regular basis, both due to malicious action
             | as well as the mere overhead of said paper-based system.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Too late they already do it
        
       | thitcanh wrote:
       | This sounds like the Italian digital ID: required by the
       | government, managed by multiple companies. It's called SPID.
       | 
       | It's usually free, but there's also certified email (PEC) that
       | costs from 5EUR to 30EUR per year. Also required by the
       | government in some cases and also offered by a small number of
       | companies.
       | 
       | Does Estonia offer their digital IDs directly?
        
         | stefano wrote:
         | As an alternative to SPID you can also use your national
         | electronic ID card, which is issued by the state without the
         | involvement of private companies.
        
         | asadhaider wrote:
         | Estonia does, their identity card stuff is pretty amazing and I
         | remember reading about it a few years ago thinking it was truly
         | ahead of it's time [0].
         | 
         | Looks like anyone can become an e-resident and apply [1], I'm
         | unsure if this extends to the e-identify cards also or if
         | they're for Estonian nationals only. I remember previously that
         | anyone could apply for one however you had to go to an Embassy
         | to submit information and biometrics.
         | 
         | [0] https://e-estonia.com/solutions/e-identity/smart-id [1]
         | https://e-resident.gov.ee/become-an-e-resident/
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | Digital ID in Estonia is government-managed and comes for free
         | for everyone with your physical ID. When you get your physical
         | ID you also get the corresponding passwords to use the same ID
         | online with a card reader etc. You can use all online services
         | etc with the above without any extra fees. In addition to that,
         | all telecom companies offer a cheap (usually free if you're on
         | a recurring plan) tie in authentication with your phone where
         | you can use your mobile to authenticate instead of a card
         | reader.
        
       | bondarchuk wrote:
       | Almost every politician wants more power over citizens. That is
       | why a binding popular referendum is necessary in cases like
       | these. Congrats to the Swiss people, I am a little bit jealous.
        
         | isodev wrote:
         | I don't think the eID gives the government control over its
         | people... if anything I feel it's the opposite - one gains the
         | freedom to manage their identity service directly and save some
         | time because it just works across all government/bank/insurance
         | services.
        
           | noahtallen wrote:
           | Indeed. The current American system based on bits of paper
           | you have to remember about, or insecure ID numbers used as
           | identification (SSN) just causes a lot of pain, imo. Having a
           | central ID for each citizen at birth, and then a way to prove
           | that you match that ID would make so many services much more
           | secure and convenient. (Obtaining DL, getting loans, bank
           | accounts, name changes, tax, etc)
           | 
           | I agree there should be safeguards against a rogue or even
           | non-rogue person modifying these records to hurt someone.
        
             | KorematsuFred wrote:
             | This only gives more power to government to harass people
             | whom they don't like and who are poor minorities.
             | 
             | > having a central ID for each citizen at birth, and then a
             | way to prove that you match that ID
             | 
             | This seems a trivial and no-brainer and yet you will be
             | surprised how many Americans will be simply denied this
             | sort of service after birth. Racist law makers would put
             | severe restrictions on people they dont like. If they don't
             | get this ID soon after birth they don't get anything. They
             | will be illegals in their own country.
             | 
             | Entire song and dance around illegal immigration, e-verify
             | and all that crap was needless if there was no concept of
             | SSN.
        
               | PoignardAzur wrote:
               | > This seems a trivial and no-brainer and yet you will be
               | surprised how many Americans will be simply denied this
               | sort of service after birth
               | 
               | The whole "centralized ID means your government will
               | oppress minorities" narrative seems like a mostly
               | american concept.
               | 
               | I imagine part of it is due with the US's particularly
               | bad history with minorities, and part of it is a general
               | defiance against any kind of centralization that also
               | seems kind of unique to american culture.
               | 
               | Speaking as someone living in a country (France) that has
               | had centralized ID for decades, it feels really weird to
               | see people describing what a dystopian future American
               | would become if it did that thing we do right now.
               | 
               | (and yes, ID card checks are used as an excuse for racial
               | profiling; and the lack of an ID card is used to track
               | down undocumented immigrants, and that's bad; but it's a
               | symptom of other problems, and it's nowhere as bad as
               | "centralized = black people are denied access to social
               | services")
        
               | Threeve303 wrote:
               | It's odd how we talk about something like centralized
               | identification without the other areas of privacy
               | limiting changes we are experiencing. Online we are
               | tracked, logged and categorized like no other time in
               | history. Even the basic means of conducting a business
               | transaction leaves a digital trail whether it's a wire
               | transfer, credit card transaction or bitcoin payment.
               | 
               | Authoritarian countries have combined a cashless society
               | with 24/7 surveillance of all kinds to create a black
               | mirror style social credit system.
               | 
               | None of this would be possible without first having a
               | form of centralized identity. This will likely be coming
               | soon to a democracy near you due to the level of state
               | control it invites. Someone needs to get working on an ad
               | blocker we can use in real life. I suspect it will be
               | built around aluminum foil.
        
               | sjwright wrote:
               | The only difference is that your identity could be
               | disambiguated with one data point instead of three or
               | four. I don't see how that has any bearing on the
               | functional aspect of any such hypothetical dystopia.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | We can very well have laws that restrict what ID can be
               | required for - so it would be illegal to ask for ID for
               | certain things (you shouldn't be required to present your
               | ID to buy groceries for example).
               | 
               | But for things where requiring an ID is already accepted
               | (banking, etc) or inherently necessary (interacting with
               | the government, like filing taxes), a robust, digital ID
               | system would be much better than a paper-based system
               | vulnerable to fraud and human error.
        
               | sjwright wrote:
               | Is there any issue with minorities receiving birth
               | certificates now?
        
         | max_ wrote:
         | I really admire the swiss political system & culture.
         | 
         | It's has all the modern postulates of liberty & governance that
         | most countries are striving for without the "scam
         | orchestration"
        
           | smoe wrote:
           | As a Swiss, the political system is to me the best aspect
           | about the country. It makes it so, that it is almost
           | impossible for anyone to obtain enough power to really abuse
           | it.
           | 
           | It also make any change, for the good or the bad, very very
           | slow, which can be frustrating at times. So if stability is
           | not high up on your list of life's values it might not be the
           | best place to be.
        
             | brink wrote:
             | I'm an American and Switzerland is one of the few countries
             | I really admire for those reasons. I'd love to live there
             | some day if they'd have me.
        
             | julianlam wrote:
             | So basically Switzerland is the Debian Buster of the world?
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | > I really admire the swiss political system & culture.
           | 
           | Do you admire denying women the vote until the end of the
           | 20th century?
        
           | fermienrico wrote:
           | Just keep in mind, Switzerland has the population the size of
           | SF Bay area for context.
        
           | tompagenet2 wrote:
           | The banning of minarets is a data point against this liberty.
        
             | fastball wrote:
             | They're also about to ban niqab / burka.
        
               | pell wrote:
               | They voted for the ban today. France showed that it had
               | little positive effect for women.
               | 
               | The University of Lucerne ran a study and came to the
               | conclusion that there are around 20-30 women in all of
               | Switzerland who wear a niqap or a burqa.
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | So it's ok to outlaw clothing if only 30 people wear it,
               | or...?
        
             | m_mueller wrote:
             | I'm not for that ban, but I think that bit of direct
             | democratic building code gets overly dramatized. Things
             | like this serve to moderate the political landscape. If
             | people feel like they stay in control throughout rising
             | immigration from cultures they deem problematic, there is
             | less of a tendency towards extremism. And so far I haven't
             | seen any extreme counter reaction in Muslim communities
             | either. The soup is cooked hotter than it's eaten.
        
               | lukasbuenger wrote:
               | The direct consequences for Muslims are hardly the
               | problem here - only about 30 women in Switzerland (we
               | know about) even wear a burka/niqab and quite a few of
               | them are Swiss converts. Back when we banned minarets, we
               | had like three (!) of them in the whole country. But we
               | had ads like these [0] all over the country for months
               | _again_ and if that doesn 't give you the most profound
               | chills, I don't know. It's textbook right wing
               | scapegoatism and I'm pretty sure Muslims can feel the
               | very real consequences of that kind of propaganda.
               | 
               | [0] https://verhuellungsverbot.ch/downloads/
        
             | archsurface wrote:
             | Only for people who moved there, knowing full well that
             | they were moving into a different culture, and that as a
             | minority they would have to adapt to local norms. I've
             | lived in a number of countries on various continents, and I
             | have never expected the locals to adopt my way of doing
             | things - I think that would be utterly bizarre. If you go
             | there without a degree of humility and willingness to adapt
             | you're a colonist.
        
               | aranelsurion wrote:
               | While I agree with the premise, I don't see how this
               | specific event ties to your argument.
               | 
               | A simple Google search shows that the referendum passed
               | with 57% of the voters support, so that leaves us with a
               | 43% who thinks it's a bad idea for one reason or another.
               | Since around 5% of Switzerland is muslim, one could argue
               | building minarets is not such a scandalous idea for Swiss
               | voters.
        
             | yurielt wrote:
             | That banning is only a point against liberty if your
             | definition of liberty is very American (religion above
             | welfare of people) for most people maintaining the culture
             | that gives that liberty is as important as liberty so
             | changing that culture would obviously destroy the
             | possibility of that liberty I really do not understand why
             | people simply close this eyes when this bans go against
             | Catholics and christians but freak out as soon as
             | separation of church and state touches any non Christian
        
               | tompagenet2 wrote:
               | Asked out of genuine inquiry and curiosity not to bait (I
               | know it can be difficult to tell online): The referendum
               | was simply to add the words "The building of minarets is
               | prohibited" to the constitution. This only affects
               | someone who would wish to build one (so Muslims) and in
               | my mind says that your type are less welcome here. Why
               | would Christians be negatively affected by this?
               | 
               | I would take the view that banning the form of your
               | religious buildings (and implicitly, to your comment,
               | being hostile to Muslims who in your response you seem to
               | equate with a culture that destroys the possibility of
               | liberty) seems more of a betrayal of the principle of
               | liberty and freedom for all than allowing different
               | people to pray and associate as they wish, providing they
               | follow basic tenants of human law (not harming people
               | etc).
        
               | halflings wrote:
               | That had nothing to do with "separation of church and
               | state". It was banning private individuals to use a
               | specific form of architecture. Pretty much any country in
               | the world allows building mosques with minarets... did
               | they threaten anyone's liberty / change their culture?
               | 
               | Going back to GP's point, the deeper issue is that people
               | thought this was worth writing in the constitution. Other
               | countries apply such laws in different ways, so I don't
               | think the Swiss direct democracy is to blame here.
        
           | warent wrote:
           | This seems to be the largely the case with scandinavian
           | countries in general.
           | 
           | I've been seriously considering leaving the USA permanently
           | because I'm having a difficult time reconciling my morals and
           | ideals with the taxes I pay. Ballots and debates aren't
           | enough. I'd rather vote with my taxes and my feet, and start
           | helping a county I believe in.
        
             | fla wrote:
             | Switzerland is not part of Scandinavia
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | I think you're possibly confusing Switzerland with Sweden
             | there...
        
               | anon4242 wrote:
               | Though, as a Swede, I would love to have Swiss-style
               | democracy...
        
         | vinni2 wrote:
         | Unfortunately such referendum don't scale well though.
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | >Unfortunately such referendum don't scale well though.
           | 
           | It would if the federal government was shrunk back to what it
           | was designed to be in the first place and states where given
           | actual governing power.
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | Why wouldn't it scale well?
        
       | RedComet wrote:
       | This is unsurprising, especially given what happened with recent
       | elections in third-world countries (like the United States).
        
       | jariel wrote:
       | This is bad populism.
       | 
       | It's understandable people fear Google/FB etc., but an entity
       | contracted by the state to do digital ID services is not going to
       | be selling your phone number if doing so would put them out of
       | business and land them in jail.
       | 
       | Sadly, the notion of basic digital ID would be very useful for so
       | many things and maybe even help with privacy if content providers
       | switched to this kind id vs. social logins.
       | 
       | Ironically, these 'government IDs' may be a vanguard in the fight
       | for privacy because they establish a privacy-based alternative
       | that doesn't currently exist.
       | 
       | (Edit) There are already private institutions that manage ID data
       | (Finance, Health) no our behalf and generally we are not
       | concerned. (Although VISA is owned by banks and that's a
       | concern). In Canada, they have temporarily allocated ID literally
       | to the banking system - you can login to the gov. tax portal
       | using your banking login. So, de-facto, the banks provide ID
       | services to gov. already.
       | 
       | It's irrational populism. ID services are sensitive obviously,
       | but governments already deal in such types of sensitive
       | information and there's no reason 3rd parties can't manage those
       | services with the right kind of oversight.
        
         | fyleo wrote:
         | The entity in question does not have the best reputation.
        
           | jariel wrote:
           | "The risk of data abuse by commercial providers would
           | undermine the effort to make digitalisation more democratic,
           | they say."
           | 
           | It's as though citizens have no understanding of how
           | contracts, oversight and regulations work.
           | 
           | If the government requires certain parameters to be kept,
           | they will be.
           | 
           | The notion that these ID providers are going to 'abuse the
           | data' is conspiratorially absurd to the extent that basic
           | information control is written into the process.
           | 
           | If the financial incentives for 'abuse' don't exist, then
           | really it's a matter of operational capability and
           | pragmatism, in which case, private sector is an ok choice,
           | just as it is for so many other things.
           | 
           | The government could feasibly do it, but there's no reason it
           | can't be outsourced.
           | 
           | It's a bit short-sighted.
        
       | malthaus wrote:
       | Really proud of this result; the failsafe once again has done its
       | job against heavy lobbying.
       | 
       | There was so much misinformation around mostly due to lack of
       | technical understanding (e.g. "it's a digital passport!") and the
       | (yellow) press heavily pushed for a yes.
        
         | dashdot wrote:
         | It was painfully obvious that heavy lobbying was involved... I
         | was amazed how that problem somehow was never addressed by the
         | opponents.
        
       | audessuscest wrote:
       | Common sense
        
       | layoutIfNeeded wrote:
       | They are also incredibly xenophobic (i.e. Japanese levels).
        
         | loufe wrote:
         | Their economy is humming along without immigration, so why
         | would they open it? I would have a hard time believing I'm in a
         | minority of people who think immigration is not an economic
         | consideration before a social one in western countries right
         | now. I'm not saying I disagree with it at all, though.
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | Our society is humming along in part because of the 25%
           | foreign residents, and the hundreds of thousands who cross
           | the border daily to work in our economy.
           | 
           | There are certainly some xenophobic people in Switzerland,
           | and the SVP is certainly a party that uses xenophobic
           | rhetoric to get attention, but our economy is the opposite of
           | xenophobic.
        
         | 101008 wrote:
         | Care to expand this? I went to Switzerland once (I was young,
         | 20ish) and I spent only one day at Geneva. It didn't look
         | xenophobic, but very strict. I am interested in knowing more
         | about this, thanks!
        
           | layoutIfNeeded wrote:
           | Sure, there are tons of foreigners in Geneva, since e.g. CERN
           | is there. But native Swiss people will never consider you
           | their equal. You can live and work in Switzerland for your
           | whole life, but they will never consider you Swiss.
           | 
           | Of course, they are also very polite about it. I'm not
           | talking about US-redneck-tier xenophobia.
        
             | wsc981 wrote:
             | _> But native Swiss people will never consider you their
             | equal. You can live and work in Switzerland for your whole
             | life, but they will never consider you Swiss._
             | 
             | But it's the same in many countries. I don't necessarily
             | see a problem with that. Do you view this issue as
             | problematic and if so, why?
             | 
             | I live in Thailand and Thai people will never consider me a
             | Thai, even if I would speak fluent Thai and would conform
             | to all societal norms. I've moved to Thailand and decided
             | that regardless of this, it's a decent place for me to
             | stay, better than The Netherlands where I came from.
        
           | DetroitThrow wrote:
           | Most people who travel to japan as tourists don't see the
           | underlying xenophobia either, and that's very well
           | documented. As far as xenophobia towards non-swiss - I think
           | the popular referendum to add a constitutional ban on
           | minarets in their country is a good example of how that
           | reared its head in somewhat recent history.
           | 
           | However, the corporate culture that is much more liberal in
           | Geneva is very different than the vast majority of the
           | country as well. I felt more welcome there than in a few
           | places I visited in nearby Germany.
        
         | esja wrote:
         | Switzerland has one of the largest immigrant populations in the
         | world per capita: 29.9% according to the link below.
         | 
         | Very few countries are ahead of this. Even Australia is only
         | 30%, and Canada (which has often led the world in immigration
         | statistics) is 21.3%.
         | 
         | Perhaps you can provide some evidence for your statement.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_d...
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | Out of the 1.9M immigrants/permanent residents in
           | Switzerland, 1.6M (84%) are from Europe:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland
           | 
           | For Canada, the top ten breakdown of immigrants are: 8.9%
           | from India, 8.6% from China, 7.8% from Philippines, 6.6% from
           | UK, 3.3% from US, 3% from Italy, 2.8% from Hong Kong, 2.7%
           | from Pakistan, 2.2% from Vietnam, 2.1% from Iran. Add those
           | up, and you're only up to about 50%; there's a long tail out
           | from there.
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada#Sources
           | _...
           | 
           | A lot more of a mosaic/melting pot in Canada than
           | Switzerland.
        
             | esja wrote:
             | So? How does any of that prove Switzerland is xenophobic?
        
         | rdevsrex wrote:
         | They is a over generalization. I'm American and black and my
         | wife is Swiss and I have plenty of friends who are also Swiss
         | and nothing but welcoming. Also xenophobic is unclear. Having a
         | strict immigration policy is not xenophobic. You should be more
         | precise.
        
           | Shacklz wrote:
           | He might be referring to a few laws/initiatives that passed
           | in the last few years/decades - e.g., the initiative that
           | forbids minarets (even though there were almost none to begin
           | with; it was essentially a political stunt). Or the 'burka
           | ban', which just got a slight majority today.
           | 
           | Also, the biggest party (SVP) often uses very controversial
           | advertisement, which I can easily imagine to be interpreted
           | as xenophobic by foreigners (I'm Swiss myself).
           | 
           | Glad to hear your positive experience in Switzerland -
           | especially now with the passing of the 'Burka ban', seeing
           | Switzerland as xenophobic isn't something that would surprise
           | me too much.
        
             | DetroitThrow wrote:
             | There have been many kind Swiss I've come to meet with the
             | kindness to include those very different than them; Geneva
             | is one of my favorite places in the world.
             | 
             | To dismiss a whole people as xenophobic as OP did I think
             | is very much an overgeneralization, but I think a large
             | part of Swiss culture is certainly more xenophobic than
             | even nearby European countries - accepting that is an ugly
             | part of the situation does not mean the Swiss people should
             | be any less proud of what they've built over the years.
        
               | jimmygrapes wrote:
               | I only stop by to add that "xenophobia" is not inherently
               | a bad or evil thing. Every culture should have the right
               | to exist, in the land its ancestors built up or conquered
               | - we can argue all day about the correctness of how a
               | given culture and people got to a point where they were
               | able to settle, but the point is that _today_ they are
               | settled and stable. Why attempt to force unsettlement and
               | destabilization through unnecessary  "diversity"
               | processes? If you do not fit in to a culture as an
               | individual, but you do fit in to a different culture, why
               | force the one you do not fit to accommodate you when you
               | can be part of one that already accepts you?
               | 
               | Current day exceptions like Donbas, Hong Kong, and Gaza
               | (to name just a few) certainly exist, and there is room
               | for discussion there. There is also an argument that can
               | be held regarding the human and economic cost of getting
               | to a place where the culture fits you.
               | 
               | But to call all attempts to maintain a culture
               | "xenophobic" and therefore associated with a negative...
               | I don't think this is the right way to be.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post shallow provocations like this--whether you
         | intended it that way or not, it functions as trolling.
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?query=troll%20effects%20by:dang&date...
         | 
         | In particular, please don't stoke nationalistic flamewars on
         | HN, regardless of which countries are under discussion.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | (We detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26378562.)
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > They are also incredibly xenophobic
         | 
         | The Swiss are xenophobic? Eh?
         | 
         | They welcome people from all over the world to come together to
         | work towards peace and humanitarianism in their country. They
         | host the only truly international humanitarian organisation in
         | the world. They helped build many of the institutions that try
         | to reduce conflict.
         | 
         | Calling them xenophobic is bizarre.
        
           | DetroitThrow wrote:
           | >Calling them xenophobic is bizarre.
           | 
           | You don't think the referendums on banning minarets and
           | burqas are... Xenophobic in any form?
        
             | nec4b wrote:
             | Why, do you think it is a human right for men to force
             | women to wear burqas? There are plenty of articles of
             | lately how SF doesn't allow building high rises, which
             | prevents migration and yet nobody calls them xenophobic.
        
               | DetroitThrow wrote:
               | I do think people regularly criticize zoning policy like
               | that in SF as racist, though. A quick Google search seems
               | to yield many criticisms, actually.
               | 
               | If you present a question as a falsifiable test to
               | whether people are consistent in calling out
               | discrimination, I would hope you would be open to
               | changing your mind on the issue rather than simply
               | convince yourself there is instead a conspiracy when new
               | evidence is presented...
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | It only shows that some people like to call other people
               | whom they don't agree with, with slurs like racist,
               | xenophobe,..., to imply there can't be any other rational
               | explanation other that those people are bad.
        
             | archsurface wrote:
             | I would no more like minarets in very country than i like
             | starbucks and mcdonalds in every country. It seems to me
             | the anti-xenphobia people are in fact killing off cultures
             | as they create a single global mishmash culture. The
             | excitement and adventure of travel is on its way to dead.
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | Look at their impact on world peace over the centuries
             | rather than their opinions on architecture.
        
               | DetroitThrow wrote:
               | You didn't answer my question, and those aren't opinion
               | polls, the difference between them being whether they are
               | binding.
               | 
               | You don't think those constitutional referendums which
               | ban those historically Muslim traditions could be
               | interpreted as xenophobic?
               | 
               | You don't seem intent on actually answering my question
               | or even directly addressing it, so I assume you are just
               | gaslighting in bad faith. Good luck.
        
               | throwaway5737 wrote:
               | Swiss here that happen to have voted in both polls. I can
               | give you an insight on my view of the topic that may be
               | representative of a part of the population (probably not
               | the majority but at least a significant fraction).
               | 
               | Both initiatives are targeted to a specific extremely
               | tiny population of citizens (most of the trouble is with
               | << converted >> Swiss that embrace Islamist views, most
               | of Muslim of foreign origin are pretty well integrated
               | and many even supported the recent burka ban because they
               | know very well what that means) that tries to exploit the
               | democratic system to promote their totalitarian ideology.
               | You have to nip that in the bud. There is for sure some
               | collateral damage as not all people that would like to
               | build a minaret are necessarily islamists but there are
               | prices to pay so that everybody can live peacefully
               | together. The sacrifices will be compensated when the
               | times come.
               | 
               | FYI, back when that was source of troubles Jesuits were
               | banned in the constitution (ban lifted in the 70ties) and
               | some cantons were forbidding to build bell towers for
               | Catholic churches till last century, etc. When the
               | tensions tapered out all the bans were lifted. I'm pretty
               | sure in 50 years if we get rid of Islamism the minaret
               | ban can be lifted with no troubles.
               | 
               | As a side note, by the way it is constructed, essentially
               | everybody in Switzerland is part of some minority and is
               | both paying a bit and getting back a lot in terms of
               | freedom and respect. Everybody depends on the goodwill of
               | the majority so it is in general wary of stomping on
               | other minorities but react strongly when somebody want to
               | destroy the system or doesn't respect it (most of the
               | sparse cases of real xenophobic behavior, which btw I
               | don't condone, you may encounter in Switzerland often
               | boils down normal human narrow minds and that).
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > those aren't opinion polls
               | 
               | What do you think a referendum is, if not a poll of the
               | population's opinion on something?
               | 
               | My answer to your question is to look at their actual
               | positive impact all around the world, including for
               | Islamic countries, not their opinions on architecture or
               | dress.
               | 
               | I literally don't think there's a more peaceful,
               | welcoming, open-to-others' cultures anywhere in the world
               | than the Swiss. If you think they're xenophobic then
               | everyone else is 10x more xenophobic.
        
               | nokya wrote:
               | As a Swiss citizen (my age range is 40-50), I can only
               | provide my own witness account about what you just wrote:
               | I think you're completely wrong.
               | 
               | The fact that some Swiss were able to contribute
               | immensely to a "positive impact all around the world"
               | doesn't magically turn us into a nice and warm
               | population, open to other people's cultures. A large part
               | of the population hates foreigners, considers them as
               | opportunists and job stealers, if not criminals. This is
               | not a "Swiss", it's the same everywhere in the world.
               | 
               | The difference is that Swiss are educated and law abiding
               | xenophobes: a foreigner will rarely feel insecure in
               | Switzerland and discrimination will mostly be silent. As
               | opposed to a country like the USA where racists are
               | empowered with a low likelihood of criminal charges.
               | 
               | But that doesn't mean in any way that a foreigner is more
               | welcome in Switzerland than elsewhere. If you sincerely
               | believe this, it could only indicate you don't share a
               | significant part of your life with foreigners who
               | actually visually look like foreigners.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > This is not a "Swiss", it's the same everywhere in the
               | world.
               | 
               | If you think everyone's a xenophobe and it's just that
               | the Swiss are the best at not acting on it... then yeah
               | they're the best aren't they? Beats acting on it with
               | violence like every other country surely?
               | 
               | Everyone always thinks the worst of their own country and
               | holds their own to higher standards.
        
             | zo1 wrote:
             | Xenophobia is a loaded term. There could be any number of
             | reasons why they're voting against those things. And so
             | what if they dislike certain foreign cultures? It's their
             | country, and they can accept who they want, or not.
             | 
             | Or is Democracy suddenly not okay if the will of the people
             | is misaligned with the "greater" society's views? Which, I
             | would also argue, isn't conclusively in the camp that
             | "xenophobia = bad". If anything, it's held by a minority of
             | countries, and even then, not shared by all in those
             | countries. But of course, xenophobia is a loaded term, so
             | we could be talking about completely different things that
             | fall under that umbrella.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Or is Democracy suddenly not okay if the will of the
               | people is misaligned with the "greater" society's views?
               | 
               | Yes exactly this. One of Democracy's greatest flaws is
               | that is is often misaligned with the greater good. Almost
               | every example of expanded civil rights that have occurred
               | in recent memory was wildly unpopular at one point and
               | was delayed by democratic mob rule until persistent
               | effort was able to eventually turn the tide of public
               | opinion.
        
               | DetroitThrow wrote:
               | >And so what if they dislike certain foreign cultures?
               | It's their country, and they can accept who they want, or
               | not.
               | 
               | Sure, but they are what we define as unambiguously
               | xenophobic policies, even if it is a broad term which can
               | include much more than that and were democratically
               | enacted.
               | 
               | Whether xenophobia is bad is another story - I'm not
               | really sure anyone would find much insight from a
               | discussion about it.
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | I'm very much against genital mutilation as is practiced
               | in some muslim countries and support bans against such
               | practices in the west. Does that make me a xenophobe?
        
               | tpush wrote:
               | No, it doesn't. One can oppose (religiously motivated or
               | not) genital mutilation on purely humanistic grounds,
               | completely divorced from any religious concerns.
               | 
               | Banning building minarets has no such justification; just
               | blatant xenophobia.
        
               | nec4b wrote:
               | I guess where you come from all building codes are
               | blatant xenophobia, because there can't possible any
               | other reason as fear from stranger to disallow some
               | buildings.
        
               | tpush wrote:
               | The point isn't that every banning of a style of building
               | is xenophobia, but that in this particular instance it
               | is.
               | 
               | Making 'can't build minarets' part of your constitution
               | isn't some local law building code thing; it's motivated
               | by xenophobia.
        
           | pell wrote:
           | The SVP is a very strong party in Switzerland. It is not a
           | stretch to call it xenophobic. Switzerland - like any place -
           | has many faces. It hosts great institutions but yes, it also
           | has its share of societal xenophobia.
        
             | yurielt wrote:
             | > The SVP is a very strong party in Switzerland. It is not
             | a stretch to call it xenophobic. It is for anyone outside
             | of Twitter and I say this as an immigrant but the extent to
             | which people use the word "xenophobic" is ridiculous.
        
               | pell wrote:
               | The SVP was considered a xenophobic party a long time
               | before Twitter existed.
               | 
               | Here's an article from 2000 about the referendum on the
               | migrant quota. You can read about the SVP's initiative
               | and reaction here:
               | https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/18-prozent-initiative-
               | deutlich-...
               | 
               | Here's another article from 2000 comparing different
               | right-wing parties in Western Europe (including the SVP)
               | and also mentioning xenophobia as part of their make-up:
               | https://monde-diplomatique.de/artikel/!1243322
               | 
               | Here's an article from 2002 about then SVP-president
               | Oskar Freysinger and his infamous poetry. Please read
               | what he wrote and explain how it's not xenophobic:
               | https://www.nzz.ch/article8J5AD-1.443107
               | 
               | Here's an article from 1999 about a thank-you letter
               | written by SVP-cantonal president Christoph Blocher to
               | the holocaust-denier Jurgen Graf: https://www.bielertagbl
               | att.ch/nachrichten/vermischtes/kontro...
               | 
               | It really doesn't take a lot of digging to understand
               | what the SVP stands for. I mean today their initiative
               | for a ban on burqas/niqab went through with 52% of the
               | vote despite there only being around 20-30 burqa/niqab
               | wearers in all of Switzerland.
               | 
               | I often do see this take that whatever Twitter might
               | currently be mad at is supposedly a hysterical view on
               | things, yet it seems this automatic opposite view is
               | never seen for the hyperbole it is.
        
         | folli wrote:
         | As a datapoint: Switzerland has the highest proportion of
         | foreigners in Europe (25%; with the exception of Luxembourg,
         | and perhaps some microstates like Vatican, Monte Carlo, don't
         | know about those).
         | 
         | So I don't think there's any comparison at all to Japan (2%).
        
           | MikeUt wrote:
           | Are the "foreigners" mostly other Europeans?
        
             | esja wrote:
             | About two thirds are from the EU28/EFTA countries.
             | 
             | However: There are twice as many Asians in Switzerland as
             | there are people from the Americas. There are also more
             | Africans than there are Americans. The fifth largest
             | immigrant group are from Kosovo (almost as many as France
             | and way more than Spain or Austria). There have been
             | multiple waves of immigration and the country is actually
             | very diverse.
             | 
             | https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population/
             | m...
        
             | Bancakes wrote:
             | What do you mean 'other Europeans'? There's a great variety
             | of culture in Europe, it's a densely packed continent.
        
               | xxpor wrote:
               | There really isn't. Europeans consistently wildly
               | overestimate the difference in cultures between
               | countries. The language barriers probably don't help
               | there.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Compared to what? Are cultural difference between US,
               | Canada and mexico any greater than those between
               | Switzerland, Italy and Russia?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | zorked wrote:
               | Yes, of course, each of those countries is internally
               | very diverse, and in relation to the others.
               | 
               | Each of those countries was made by a mix of native,
               | European, African and Asian peoples of different kinds,
               | in different proportions, at different times. Europe is
               | made of just Europeans, and immigration is a very recent
               | thing.
        
               | DetroitThrow wrote:
               | I think he clearly is asking about the makeup of
               | immigrants there being closely related European cultures
               | because Switzerland has openly xenophobic policies
               | towards Muslims, not historically Christian Europeans.
        
             | smnrchrds wrote:
             | More than 80% are from Europe. 35.5% are from Germany,
             | Austria, Italy, and France, i.e. countries with the same
             | language and ethnicity (to a certain extent) as the native
             | Swiss.
             | 
             | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/migration-series-
             | part-1...
        
       | esja wrote:
       | Quite a few people who voted against this did so purely because
       | they didn't want private companies controlling the system.
       | 
       | If the proposal had been for the government to issue and control
       | the identities, it may well have passed.
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | Yes, and that's a good thing. Balkanizing ID info between a
         | gazillion government databases as we do in the US just creates
         | inefficiency, and raises the thirst for more intensive
         | surveillance to counter the inefficiency with which the data is
         | used. (Consider the talk after 9/11 on the FBI and CIA not
         | sharing info, and then we get the Patriot Act.)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jariel wrote:
           | Maybe the opposite though - having a 'single, semi-competent
           | authority and source of control/failure/security' is probably
           | not a good reality for security and resiliency.
           | 
           | Ironically, there's a >50% chance that the solution will
           | entail 1) privately hosted platforms like AWS and 2)
           | privately hosted support services and 3) privately written
           | core modules (McKinsey business strategy, Accenture
           | implemented etc.) and 4) at least some privately contracted
           | IT people to manage the solution.
           | 
           | There's no reason to believe the gov. will make a more
           | robust, scalable and secure solution that other entities.
           | 
           | A better approach might even be to mandate very specific
           | identity protocols, and then allow citizens to chose their
           | own identity provider among those that fit the regulatory
           | requirements and oversight.
           | 
           | For example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Post
           | 
           | It's owned by gov. and effectively independent. They could be
           | an identity provider. They are already close to being able to
           | do whatever need be done.
           | 
           | Having to create new government bureaucracies to do things is
           | hard.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | That article about effective government policy being a
           | database access policy a month or so ago was particularly
           | illuminating (and made a lot of sense to me). That any given
           | policies effectiveness really depends on whether you can
           | actually construct - functionally - an appropriate database
           | view to implement it's stages.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | krastanov wrote:
         | It does not seem like such a terrible idea if it is government
         | run to me. But it depends on having trust in the checks and
         | balances implemented in your system of governance.
        
           | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
           | It's fine if a majority of the people can overrule a
           | political policy by a referendum. It's not fine if the
           | government was like the US or China.
        
         | burundi_coffee wrote:
         | Which is why the opponents, backed by a non-partisan alliance
         | of representatives, will bring forward not one but two
         | proposals to the houses. If they get a majority vote, the
         | federal council will have to try to make it into a law.
        
         | Shacklz wrote:
         | Definitely why I voted against it. When I first heard about it
         | I was all for it - until I realized that the plan was to let
         | private companies handle it. Complete no go, glad it got
         | rejected.
        
           | _nalply wrote:
           | I also voted against it. It's a pity that I couldn't approve
           | the e-ID issued by the government.
        
         | nickez wrote:
         | In Sweden we have a company running the ID system and that
         | works fine. The company is coowned by all the large banks
         | afaik. I was really surprised at how far behind Switzerland is
         | compared to Scandinavia when it comes to digitalisation. Being
         | able to handle my life hassle free online instead of going to
         | physical places (like post office, banks, gov office) is
         | liberating. I also get all my bills digitally and all my
         | receipts (even physical stores)
        
           | zo1 wrote:
           | If you think that's bad, look at the UK. They had a
           | government-ID system with an ID card, and then they scrapped
           | it. Now people run around using driver's licenses and
           | municipal bills (I guess) to open bank accounts and other
           | things. Utterly backwards.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_Documents_Act_2010
           | 
           | I've been formulating my thinking around it and I'm starting
           | to think that this is some sort of new-age "luddism" at play,
           | coupled with some odd distrust of government for this
           | particular problem, as if government is trustable elsewhere.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | msvan wrote:
           | Since it's closed-source, privately owned and not based on
           | any open standards, it doesn't work on Linux or any mobile
           | device that isn't using Google Play Services or iOS.
           | 
           | It's convenient, but it's an absolute travesty that we've
           | left such an essential part of digital infrastructure to big
           | banks.
        
           | null_object wrote:
           | I think pride and patriotism means you're overstating your
           | case here.
           | 
           | Indeed as you say, a subgroup of the largest Swedish private
           | banks own the ID system in Sweden - for profit, and without
           | any serious democratic oversight.
           | 
           | Edit: I forgot to add that the system allows these private
           | banks to see into almost every aspect of a person's life:
           | where they shop, where they _are_ , who shares their
           | household and so on. Almost every aspect of a Swede's life
           | can and is tracked by this system.
           | 
           | Every time someone identifies themselves with this system, it
           | costs the retail merchant or service a non-trivial amount of
           | money. Because it's effectively a private monopoly, that
           | price is set by the banks, and often involves a lot of secret
           | horse-trading behind closed doors (I've been involved with
           | some aspects of this in the past).
           | 
           | The secret negotiations also include terms that are not open
           | to public scrutiny. One example, is that the merchant or
           | service isn't allowed to blame BankID for any problems such
           | as downtime or any other technical problems.
           | 
           | btw I'm curious how you get all your receipts digitally.
           | There are some services such as Kivra in Sweden, but they
           | definitely don't cover all stores.
        
             | Guthur wrote:
             | Democratic oversight?
             | 
             | Once they systems are in place they will be under the
             | control of the great unelected, the civil servants, it will
             | not be the subject of any political party policy again and
             | so how exactly will you assert the voting based democratic
             | control upon it?
        
             | jariel wrote:
             | Neither of the points you made I think are existentially
             | problematic, especially in light of the fact that Sweden is
             | 1) ahead and 2) it works for them.
             | 
             | 'Cost' is going to be a part of the equation, there is no
             | avoiding that, but access can be regulated, as can
             | oversight (i.e. transparency) with respect to transactions.
             | 
             | And: "merchant or service isn't allowed to blame BankID for
             | any problems such as downtime or any other technical
             | problems"
             | 
             | Will Swiss private individuals or businesses be able to
             | 'sue' the Swiss government for downtime? Like late trains?
             | Invariably not. They'll just get the service they get and
             | that's it.
             | 
             | Sweden provides a pragmatic demonstrable example of what
             | can work, it shouldn't be dismissed.
        
             | nickez wrote:
             | I guess I only shop with stores that use Kivra.
             | 
             | BankID doesn't store any information, and I have no problem
             | that the stores I'm a member in store my shipping history.
             | 
             | I think you are overstating the scale of the surveillance.
             | I don't think the different entities share data with each
             | other.
             | 
             | Edit: try live in a country like Switzerland once you have
             | gotten use to all interaction being online. It's horrible.
             | 
             | Edit2: actually other stores provide digital receipts
             | without Kivra. You just have to be a member.
             | 
             | Edit3: This has nothing to do with patriotism, there are
             | many things that I don't like about Sweden. But the fact
             | that we have taken digitalisation seriously since the 90s
             | is something I think is great.
        
               | null_object wrote:
               | > BankID doesn't store any information
               | 
               | I work with systems that use BankID identification, and
               | know for a fact that you are wrong, because many (though
               | not all) of the data-points collected by the banks can be
               | retrieved for payment.
               | 
               | For instance, if you just logged-in with the service I
               | work with, I can retrieve your full-name, birthdate, your
               | marital status, name of your spouse, their birthdate, any
               | children and their IDs and names, where you live, your
               | home and cellphone number, and many many other data
               | points.
               | 
               | From a service owned by a small group of private banks.
        
               | nickez wrote:
               | That is all public data. You can get that through open
               | channels like birthday.se as well. I've been at BankID
               | and I know for a fact exactly what information they
               | store. They store only what is necessary from a
               | regulatory standpoint.
        
               | caskstrength wrote:
               | Are personal mobile phone numbers considered public
               | information in Sweden?
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | But surely if someone has your person number then they
               | can retrieve all that information from companies like
               | Ratsit and the like. Is there specific information you
               | can get via BankID that isn't generally available from
               | other 'open' databases?
        
               | yawniek wrote:
               | i live in switzerland. the only cases i had to be
               | physically present at an official place was when i
               | "adopted" my own son (due to not being married) and when
               | i funded companies. 4x 15min in the last 4 years.
               | 
               | i think the state of things is just already quite
               | efficient without such an id. thus people are not willing
               | to give that data away to a private monopoly. imo for
               | good reason.
        
           | mongol wrote:
           | Actually, we have several. BankID is the most well known, but
           | there is also Freja eID.
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | What about the danish NemId, how is it governed and owned,
           | does anyone know?
        
             | emptysongglass wrote:
             | Developed by Nets together with the banks similar to the
             | Swedes. If you're looking for public ownership of the
             | various organs and products that Danes interact with on a
             | daily basis: it basically doesn't exist. Just about every
             | software product at the municipal and state level is
             | contracted out to an enormous private megalith that gets
             | paid vast sums of money to execute. And they're nearly all
             | Microsoft affiliate shops, if you were also hoping for some
             | silver lining.
             | 
             | I love my country but the continuing parceling out of
             | everything to private companies has been greatly negative
             | to many public services. See, as an example, the DOT
             | syndicate, which has made it prohibitively expensive to
             | commute via public transit (why in God's name is it cheaper
             | to travel to Germany than take a train from Copenhagen to
             | Odense?) or the bridge to Sweden we're still paying truly
             | insane toll fees for despite having paid for its
             | construction years ago.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | As a US citizen, being able to go to various physical places
           | without being forced to patronize an opaque, unaccountable
           | corporate behemoth owned by a conglomeration of banks that
           | centrally tracks everything I do, every penny I spend, and
           | what and where I spend it on is liberating.
        
             | Daho0n wrote:
             | That is not what this is. Also what you are describing is
             | spot on for VISA, MasterCard and all the other US
             | businesses that track and sell data on everyone.
        
           | exoque wrote:
           | > I also get all my bills digitally
           | 
           | So do I. In Switzerland.
        
           | tchalla wrote:
           | Are you willing to give up your privacy to corporates to be
           | liberated online?
        
         | cmehdy wrote:
         | Which makes a lot of sense in Switzerland, since "the
         | government is the people" is more true than in the overwhelming
         | majority of countries on Earth. Pragmatic take from the Swiss
         | as usual :)
         | 
         | (said by a jealous French citizen)
        
           | oumua_don17 wrote:
           | AFAIK, Switzerland is the only country with direct democracy
           | or 'Govt is the people'.
           | 
           | As you said overwhelming majority, are there any countries
           | that have direct democracy or come close?
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | Switzerland has this in its constitution:
       | 
       | Article 13: Right to Privacy
       | 
       | 1. All persons have the right to receive respect for their
       | private and family life, home, and secrecy of the mails and
       | telecommunications.
       | 
       | 2. All persons have the right to be protected against the abuse
       | of personal data.
       | 
       | Also the constitution can be only changed by voting.
        
         | elmo2you wrote:
         | Plenty of countries (if not most) have this or something
         | similar, anchored in either their constitution or at least in
         | regular law.
         | 
         | This should not come as a surprise either, since it's
         | essentially the implementation of Article 12 of the Universal
         | Declaration of Human Rights.
         | 
         | Where it usually goes wrong, is with the interpretation of the
         | words "privacy" and "communication". Also, governments have a
         | habit of defining exceptional situations in which these laws
         | can be violated in the name of some supposedly higher purpose
         | (e.g. national security).
         | 
         | Strictly speaking, the UDHR is rather clear about one thing:
         | the declared human rights are inalienable (meaning, they can
         | neither be taken away nor be given away freely), so all the
         | exceptions are essentially bullshit excuses. Those should not
         | exist in the first place, at least not according to the
         | "inalienably" part of "inalienable human rights".
         | 
         | Additionally, there is no law/treaty that explains why modern
         | technologies should not be subject to Article 12. While plenty
         | of governments/businesses would like to convince people
         | otherwise, almost everything we do online is strictly speaking
         | telecommunication of some sort or another.
         | 
         | The sad truth is that pretty much all of today's online privacy
         | issues are strictly speaking in violation of the UDHR. There is
         | just way too much at stake for businesses and governments alike
         | for them to ever acknowledge it. It doesn't change that they
         | are blatantly violating a treaty they signed, ratified and
         | should be upholding though.
        
           | akvadrako wrote:
           | Notably the US has no right to privacy, except a very vague
           | implied right which as far as I know has only been invoked in
           | the context of abortion.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | It certainly doesn't help that the Constitution has more or
             | less ossified over the past couple decades, with amendments
             | becoming rarer and rarer. Heck, the last one has its
             | origins as an academic exercise.
        
             | buzzert wrote:
             | 4th amendment to the constitution?
             | 
             | > The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
             | houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
             | and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall
             | issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
             | affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be
             | searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | The (generally accepted) argument is that it's implicit
               | in a number of the amendments that make up the Bill of
               | Rights. It's not explicit however as Robert Bork argued
               | during his SCOTUS confirmation hearings to his detriment.
               | I think Griswold v. Connecticut is still considered the
               | primary ruling on the matter.
        
               | akvadrako wrote:
               | Actually Roe vs Wade implied the right to privacy from
               | the 14th amendment:
               | 
               |  _No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
               | abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the
               | United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of
               | life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
               | nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
               | protection of the laws._
               | 
               | The alternative "right to privacy" has been found by
               | other cases in the generic 9th amendment:
               | 
               |  _The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
               | shall not be construed to deny or disparage others
               | retained by the people._
        
           | ketzu wrote:
           | The universal declaration of human rights 12 [1] contains the
           | very important word "arbitrary" as a qualifier of privacy
           | violations.
           | 
           | > No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with
           | his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks
           | upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
           | protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
           | 
           | One reason for this has broad applicability: Even inalienable
           | human rights can be in conflict with each other. So solutions
           | must weight them against each other, but will ultimately
           | violate one or more of the clashing rights.
           | 
           | The UDHR also recognizes the that even the article 3
           | "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
           | person" is limited as in so far people may be arrested (and
           | therefore deprived of their freedom) by giving the explicit
           | article 9 "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest,
           | detention or exile." Again, with the arbitrary qualifier.
           | 
           | I believe, recognizing that even these funamental rights
           | clash with each other is important. Often I feel that online
           | discussion have each side pick the one in favor of their
           | position and ignoring that other rights are in conflict with
           | that position.
           | 
           | But as you said, it is also important to recognize that there
           | are bullshit excuses.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-
           | rights/ind...
        
             | elmo2you wrote:
             | I agree with you.
             | 
             | My main reason for not bringing up the internal
             | complications of the UDHR was to not add confusion, but you
             | are completely right about how some of these rights can
             | conflict.
             | 
             | You are equally right about the "arbitrary" part. However,
             | when it comes to today's trade in personal profiles and
             | governments scooping up everything they can get their hands
             | on (legalized or not), I very strongly believe that all of
             | it rather clearly fits the classification of "arbitrary".
             | 
             | I will even agree with that I picked an (extreme) side. But
             | maybe not because I can't see nuance or because I ignore
             | (at least not in private) what conflicts with my position.
             | 
             | It's more about being sick and tired of listening for
             | decades to blatant privacy abusers arrogantly (and
             | incorrectly) claiming that what they do is legal .. and how
             | we just all should accept this new reality. It sure didn't
             | help to see governments either buying that bullshit or
             | simply not deal with it because of how it could harm their
             | own (surveillance) interests.
             | 
             | Considering the now obvious rampant abuse and how far I
             | believe we have veered off from how all this probably
             | should have developed (in an ideal world), I'm convinced
             | that the time for being nice and nuanced about all this has
             | long passed.
             | 
             | "Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism
             | because it is a merger of state and corporate power" --
             | Benito Mussolini
             | 
             | Note: such a merger does not have to be overtly voluntary.
             | It can also be a government seemingly dictating
             | corporations or corporations covertly running a government.
             | It's all about the two somehow joining forces (even if only
             | because of shared interests and possibly still for
             | different reasons), especially when against the interests
             | of most citizens.
        
         | nemoniac wrote:
         | The European Union has the GDPR which offers protection of
         | privacy and personal data. Mail and telecoms are covered by
         | other legislation
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regula...
        
         | 101008 wrote:
         | So taking a screenshot of a Instagram convesation and sharing
         | on Twitter or Facebook or whenever is ilegal and against the
         | constitution?
        
           | jeffrallen wrote:
           | Yes, and in fact avoiding abuses like this are part of the
           | digital education offered in school. People are also pretty
           | careful about asking for permission before publishing a
           | person's photo.
           | 
           | Swiss discretion is not only a marketing tactic, it is also a
           | good habit many people keep.
        
             | dghughes wrote:
             | >...avoiding abuses like this are part of the digital
             | education offered in school.
             | 
             | I would hope that schools teach "don't publish anything you
             | don't want shared" that would be smarter.
             | 
             | If I post an add in a newspaper, many copies are sold, and
             | then someone copies my add that should be expected. The
             | Internet is one big newspaper it's a public forum and
             | privacy shouldn't be expected or assumed.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > All persons have the right to receive respect for their
         | private and family life, home, and secrecy of the mails and
         | telecommunications.
         | 
         | I really wish the US had this. Here, even simple acts like
         | registering to vote or getting a driver license, bank account,
         | credit card means your personal residence gets leaked to
         | spammers, scammers, data brokers, and eventually, stalkers.
         | 
         | There really should be laws saying that personal addresses
         | cannot be given to third parties without explicit, optional,
         | opt-in consent.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The information in voter registration isn't "leaked." It's
           | public as a matter of record. (The details probably vary by
           | state.) So are real estate purchases. (Although the latter
           | can be gotten around in various ways.) There are tradeoffs
           | between transparency and privacy.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | That's a problem. If I knew it was going to be given out, I
             | would probably have not registered to vote, and I wasn't
             | told about that by the people who helped me register. I
             | don't think I agreed to any ToS that said that my address
             | would be available to the public.
             | 
             | As much as I think voter turnout is important, making
             | personal addresses accessible to the public crosses the
             | line for me.
        
           | KirillPanov wrote:
           | I'm thinking of buying a condemned, uninhabitable house in a
           | tax foreclosure auction simply so I can list it as my
           | residential address. Most places that demand a utility bill
           | will accept a property tax bill, so it doesn't even have to
           | have working water/power (the cheapest doomshacks have both
           | shut off). You'd be surprised how cheap some of these places
           | are. But it does have to show up as "residential" in the USPS
           | databases.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | My best solution right now is a UPS box, which gives you a
             | proper street address.
             | 
             | Most places that ask for utility bills will accept a phone
             | bill or insurance bill or some such which you can have
             | arranged to be sent to that address.
             | 
             | I'd be interested to know if there are similar services
             | that are cheaper and ideally less well-known than UPS but
             | equally reliable. Delivery to my real address with the
             | ability to trust them with my real address would also be
             | cool to have.
             | 
             | BTW -- if you have cash to burn, I'd think that renting a
             | cheap studio somewhere that you don't actually live in (and
             | as a bonus, can use as a storage unit, or sublease to
             | someone if the lease allows) would be cheaper and more
             | peace-of-mind than dealing with property taxes, crime,
             | pests, and other issues around an uninhabitable house in
             | your name.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | You could probably check out RV and van life forums. One
               | question would be the degree to which you can get away
               | with giving the state (for drivers license/ID/tax
               | purposes), company, etc. a "fake" address that is not a
               | residential address.
               | 
               | A lot depends on what you think you're guarding against
               | and how many compromises you're willing to make. For
               | example, you can't actually buy a house and remain
               | anonymous unless you set up some shell company which I
               | assume is expensive and probably has tax consequences.
               | 
               | I agree that buying a foreclosed property sounds like a
               | massive headache and doesn't even really solve the
               | problem of having to give your address to someone if you
               | want anything delivered.
        
               | KirillPanov wrote:
               | > My best solution right now is a UPS box, which gives
               | you a proper street address.
               | 
               | USPS maintains a _very_ immaculately curated list of
               | CMRAs (Commercial Mail Receiving Agents). It 's not hard
               | because they need to register with USPS in order to
               | receive mail on behalf of customers who pay them for
               | mail-receiving service. USPS is allowed to deny them mail
               | delivery if they refuse to register, and does.
               | 
               | Every place that wants to know your residential address,
               | _and insists that it is actually residential,_ checks the
               | address you provide against this list.
               | 
               | Side note: I knew a woman who bought a storefront that
               | had previously been a mailboxes-etc type place. It was a
               | complete nightmare for her, none of the banks or insurers
               | or credit card companies would believe that was her
               | business' physical address because it was on that list.
               | Apparently it takes 1-2 years to fall off the list.
               | Eventually she had to switch to a small local bank and
               | have the bank manager come to physically inspect the
               | location so they could override the databroker software.
               | 
               | > renting a cheap studio somewhere
               | 
               | That's an ongoing recurring cost. Also nobody will rent a
               | place unless it's (somewhat) inhabitable; buying an
               | uninhabitable toxic dump is actually cheaper than renting
               | anything that can be advertised as inhabitable.
               | 
               | Last of all, I am completely fed up with landlords
               | insisting on credit checks. The data brokers exploit this
               | like you wouldn't believe. That's why they have such
               | perfectly accurate residential addresses for all renters.
               | 
               | > peace-of-mind than dealing with property taxes, crime,
               | pests,
               | 
               | Property taxes are beyond easy. You don't even need to
               | receieve the bill! The amount you owe is a matter of
               | public record, and on the web in almost every
               | jurisdiction. Once a year: look it up, buy a postal money
               | order with cash, write the parcel number on it, mail it,
               | done. Property taxes are also based on the value of the
               | property, so for a toxic dump the taxes are tiny.
               | 
               | Crime and pests don't matter if you don't visit the
               | location. Take the mailbox off the front of the house
               | after closing so no mail can be delivered there by
               | accident.
               | 
               | Definitely buy it through an LLC so that long-tail events
               | (it burns down taking the neighbor's house with it, kids
               | break in and injure themselves, etc) don't come back to
               | you.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Would there be any reason not just to buy undeveloped
               | land instead? (Not sure when a property parcel gets
               | assigned an address.)
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | Jameson Lopp had spent tens of thousands of dollars or more
             | on lawyers to make his life untracable after the CIA got
             | into his house, and he shared a lot of what he did.
        
               | KirillPanov wrote:
               | Um, CIA? Sounds tinfoily.
               | 
               | I'm aware that he's been the target of at least one
               | mugging attempt, and I think he even maintains a list of
               | people who were robbed as a result of being high-profile
               | early adopters of bitcoin.
               | 
               | But the CIA? Are you sure aliens weren't involved?
        
       | wombatmobile wrote:
       | Switzerland has an awesome electoral system [1]. Instead of being
       | ruled by a president or a prime minister who can be polarising,
       | divisive, or selective, Switzerland has an Executive Council.
       | 
       | The 7 member Executive Council is composed of the top 7
       | candidates from each election. The chairperson of the executive
       | council rotates each year, so that the top 4 vote winners each
       | get a turn at being chairperson.
       | 
       | This means that different social and political priorities get
       | implemented in turn. It also means the way the government works
       | is more cooperative, because each council member, including the
       | chairperson, knows there will be a new chairperson next year.
       | 
       | So, if a pro-business candidate places 1st, and an environment
       | candidate 2nd, and a social welfare candidate 3rd, and a
       | libertarian candidate 4th, it is in all their interests to
       | cooperate and create legislation that serves all of their
       | interests as much as possible. Instead of disregarding the
       | environment, the pro-business council member is encouraged to
       | develop green business initiatives that will be supported for the
       | full 4 year term under the different chairs.
       | 
       | The system creates a leadership team that looks for win-win,
       | rather than a sole victor who can abuse majority rule.
       | 
       | [1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)
        
         | zorked wrote:
         | It has its advantages and disadvantages. It is also the
         | political system that caused this:
         | 
         | "In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of
         | Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI) became the last Swiss
         | canton to grant women the vote on local issues."
         | 
         | Notice how it was a court decision, not a result of the
         | political process. I'd say 1991 is a bit too late to have full
         | voting rights for women.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerl...
        
           | jeofken wrote:
           | How can you so sure that your ideal is how they should live?
           | 
           | What I admire about the Swiss is how they live and let live -
           | they may disagree with the neighbour, but let them be.
        
             | zorked wrote:
             | Why am I not surprised that HN is a place to find people
             | who argue against women's right to vote.
        
               | jeofken wrote:
               | HN is very diverse :) But we all argue in good faith and
               | are willing to yield to reason
        
         | momothereal wrote:
         | What happens when a council member leaves office unexpectedly,
         | i.e. dies or resigns? Does it kick an election for everyone or
         | just that one seat?
        
           | dashdot wrote:
           | The members of the council are elected by the united
           | parliament. They will also elect the successor...
           | 
           | Since it's not done by popular vote, political games in that
           | process are rare or just not excessive. The people trust the
           | parliament with the process of electing their leaders, you
           | better shouldn't fail them. So they mostly elect according to
           | the current concordance.
        
           | wombatmobile wrote:
           | Good question. I'm not sure exactly how the successor is
           | chosen, but this section from Wikipedia indicates just the
           | one member is replaced:
           | 
           | > Until 1999, the Constitution mandated that no canton could
           | have more than one representative on the Federal Council.
           | Until 1987, the place of origin was used to determine which
           | canton a Federal Councilor was from. After 1987, the place of
           | residence (or, for councilors who were previously members of
           | the Federal Assembly or of a Canton's legislative or
           | executive body, the canton from which they were elected)
           | became the determinant factor. Nothing prevented candidates
           | from moving to politically expedient cantons, though, and the
           | rule was abandoned in 1999. Since then, the Constitution has
           | mandated an equitable distribution of seats among the cantons
           | and language regions of the country, without setting concrete
           | quotas. Whenever a member resigns, he/she is generally
           | replaced by someone who is not only from the same party, but
           | also the same language region. In 2006, however, Joseph
           | Deiss, a French Swiss, resigned and was succeeded by Doris
           | Leuthard, a German-speaking Swiss, and in 2016, Eveline
           | Widmer-Schlumpf, German-speaking, was succeeded by Guy
           | Parmelin, a French Swiss.
        
         | marcod wrote:
         | Well, that same system also voted on banning Muslim face
         | coverings ("Experts estimate that at most a few dozen Muslim
         | women wear full-face coverings in the country of 8.5 million
         | people."), while a pandemic is going on and face coverings for
         | protection are recommended.
         | 
         | https://apnews.com/article/health-legislation-coronavirus-pa...
        
           | jeofken wrote:
           | Is it not more of an expression of how the general public of
           | (native) Europeans want to keep their country for their
           | people and culture
        
           | wombatmobile wrote:
           | You seem to be expressing an opinion about banning Muslim
           | face coverings.
           | 
           | I am not responding to your expression of opinion - just
           | clarifying how the Swiss electoral system is structured.
           | 
           | That vote was a referendum, which is another component of the
           | Swiss system, separate and complimentary to the Executive
           | Council.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland
        
           | bitcharmer wrote:
           | What's wrong with banning a backwards custom that limits
           | women's rights?
        
             | lwkl wrote:
             | Let's stop a backwards custom that is practiced by 30
             | people with a backwards law that limit's clothing choices
             | for seven Million people.
        
               | bitcharmer wrote:
               | I'm friends with a few Muslim women and can assure you
               | that it has nothing to do with choice.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Because the presumption is that the women in question are
             | being forced to do this and don't want to.
             | 
             | But your solution is to implement a law which punishes the
             | victim, rather then doing _anything_ about their presumed
             | victimizer.
             | 
             | If the women who didn't want to wear the covering didn't
             | want to wear it, what is stopping them from simply not
             | doing it to start with? The answer of course is husband's,
             | brothers, family etc. and probably that they'd be
             | recognized in their community.
             | 
             | But this is someone's religion - a fair bit more important
             | to them then the laws of the state in a lot of cases. So
             | you haven't answered how you're going to protect those
             | women from being targeted and forced to simply never leave
             | the house, if they are being targeted by people who are
             | forcing them to do something they don't want to.
             | 
             | Your law offers no solution to this - and again -
             | implements itself by _targeting the apparent victims it
             | proposes to protect_ with punishment.
             | 
             | Setting aside that the government can stay the hell out of
             | what I choose to wear, this is just a monumentally stupid
             | approach to anything.
        
           | ulucs wrote:
           | Burqua isn't islamic to begin with anyway.
        
       | ILikeBikes wrote:
       | If even SWITZERLAND votes for socialism : congrats, capitalism,
       | you've played yourself
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post generic comments and/or ideological flamebait
         | to HN. It leads to generic threads and/or ideological
         | flamewars, which we're trying to avoid because they're tedious
         | and turn nasty.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor...
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor...
        
           | ILikeBikes wrote:
           | oh ok, professionals have standards
           | 
           | my bad !
           | 
           | I will elaborate and be "more thoughtful and substantive" as
           | written in the guidelines, next time
           | 
           | I didn't know where to place the cursor, since the issue was
           | inherently politic and not about technology, as the article
           | states
           | 
           | But this article deserved political comments, nonetheless
        
         | sparkling wrote:
         | uhm, what?
        
         | Erlich_Bachman wrote:
         | Not sure if it is helpful to reduce every issue to a one-
         | dimensional scale of capitalism/socialism. Particularly this
         | specific issue is about privacy culture, corruptability of big
         | tech, government and use of technologies, surveillance, etc...
         | There are so many more societal and just plain epistemological
         | axis than just socialism/capitalism.
        
           | ILikeBikes wrote:
           | That can also be read on the scale of "privatize anything
           | because the state should just make 'laws'"/"have a public
           | sector to offer basic services to citizens", that is a debate
           | in Europe
        
           | ILikeBikes wrote:
           | And the results are pretty similar to the 2018 vote on
           | cancelling their public broadcaster, which also highlighted
           | questions of corruptibility of big companies, but was not
           | around privacy, technology, or surveillance.
           | 
           | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/vote-march-4--
           | 2018_att...
        
         | paddim8 wrote:
         | In what way is this a vote for socialism?
        
           | ILikeBikes wrote:
           | They don't trust private companies, and they'd rather have
           | their government to manage their IDs. As explained in the
           | article.
        
       | ddingus wrote:
       | Great, as they should. The basic civics should not be private,
       | open and performed under the public eye.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | it's surprising to me there was a vote on this.
        
       | wmkn wrote:
       | If these private companies are anything like Serafe I can see why
       | this referendum ended in a no.
        
       | ncphil wrote:
       | "... almost no government has the IT capacity and resources to
       | single-handedly develop an eID quickly and to the appropriate
       | standards." Bullshit. We're talking identity management here. Any
       | government that can't handle that internally doesn't deserve to
       | exist. What that's really about is feathering the nests of tech
       | industry donors (and/or the non-tech middlemen or middlewomen who
       | seem to grow like weeds around the tech sector). A handful of IdM
       | SMEs with serious field experience could set it up in six months:
       | assuming they had sufficient backing from their government
       | employer to overcome static at Layer 8 of the OSI Model, you
       | know,"politics".
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Indeed. Someone's making excuses to support a privatized
         | deployment.
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | Our country rolled out two certification based systems (Carta
         | Nazionale Servizi which then got rolled into the Carta di
         | Identita Elettronica), plus a federation based system built
         | around SAML (Sistema Pubblico di Identita Digitale) where you
         | can access to most italian bureoucracy.
         | 
         | And we're talking about Italy, not some first rated
         | technological paradise.
        
           | genericacct wrote:
           | Yes and now your picture, a picture of your id card, your
           | email and telephone are in the hands of the same people who
           | store banking passwords in plaintext..
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Your picture, e-mail and telephone is mostly public (social
             | media, etc), and the government would have your ID card
             | information anyway - I don't see how this is worse?
        
             | avereveard wrote:
             | because of the certificate inside, the id card without the
             | pin is worthless; having the identity split from
             | authorization is an absolute win. compare and contrast with
             | the SSN number.
             | 
             | also, the government already owns all my data, from birth
             | onward. the authentication system makes it so forgery is
             | much harder from the officials themselves, so this protects
             | me from that as well.
        
         | mellavora wrote:
         | "Any government that can't handle that internally doesn't
         | deserve to exist."
         | 
         | So, like the US?
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | This. In Europe you'll find the likes of Capgemini, Accenture,
         | Cognizant, etc. hovering like flies around government IT
         | projects.
        
           | hocuspocus wrote:
           | IT services companies that work on government contracts in
           | Switzerland are much smaller.
           | 
           | And they're usually pretty competent, especially the few ones
           | that work for the federal government.
        
           | osrec wrote:
           | And they keep getting awarded contracts despite their
           | continued poor delivery. I really don't understand how their
           | terrible track record never seems to impact their ability to
           | win more business. I can only assume corruption, but I have
           | no evidence of this.
        
             | random5634 wrote:
             | Prior delivery is not generally a major consideration in a
             | govt RFP award.
             | 
             | This is in part because no score is ever released related
             | to prior delivery (ie, no central assessment record), and
             | attempts to include it get tied up in process issues (ie,
             | rights to respond, litigation) or claims it is subjective.
             | It also overlaps with govt agency disfunction around scope
             | and requirements and no govt manager wants a failed
             | project, so everyone just sweeps them under the rug and
             | keeps moving. It is crazy though, you are literally hiring
             | the same HORRIBLE firms over and over.
             | 
             | What is PARAMOUNT is that you be willing spend absolute
             | metric tons of UNPAID time responding to RFP's, have enough
             | money in bank to lose 4 out of 5, be willing to go through
             | 2 year RFP processes, be willing to agree to every item on
             | the requirements lists filled with further buzzwords and
             | "standards". This does NOT attract high performing
             | companies, no competent engineer would even put up with
             | this / sit through this. So you get body shop type
             | consulting firms, using giant java framework and other
             | solutions, and everything is insanely siloed.
             | 
             | The crazy pricing is often justified because the hassle in
             | dealing with these contracts from a contract admin overhead
             | can absolutely DWARF actual deliverables, and nothing has
             | to be logical (and sometimes is not).
             | 
             | My recommendations here would be either:
             | 
             | a) just pay to bring stuff in house so you get cooperation,
             | develop open source apps and prohibit any scope creep
             | outside of absolute minimum needed until project is in
             | operation. EVERY freaking agency hangs 100's of new
             | requirements they never even used before onto these
             | projects - solutions can be undeliverable and unusable as a
             | result, for example 40 questions PER VACINNE SHOT here in
             | California is the height of stupidity to make these idiots
             | feel important.
             | 
             | b) pay for actual use / adoption, and let there be a
             | somewhat free market. A lot of time the users of any govt
             | system have ZERO input. Oddly, if they let agencies find
             | their own solutions on a smaller scale, whatever you lose
             | in "efficiency" by not having the megaproject (hint nothing
             | - mega projects = disaster in govt land) you would see some
             | natural winning solutions start to bubble up. I worked with
             | an agency with a totally fantastic contract management /
             | invoicing system, and I kept on wondering, holy hell, they
             | actually got it right. I started to see other agencies use
             | it in neighboring govts - it was great - people really
             | liked it (super easy use, allowed users to do the google,
             | Microsoft etc login even which is unheard of) and it was
             | fast which is also rare.
             | 
             | But then someone convinced the head tech folks they should
             | stomp on everything with the new and improved people. They
             | actually had to roll back the mega project for another year
             | (after years of dev) because it didn't even cover a
             | fraction of what old systems easily did.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | RFPs frequently reference past activity. That's just not
               | accurate.
               | 
               | The reality is that you only hear about failed projects.
               | When was the last time that you heard about taxes not
               | being collected or welfare payments not being paid or
               | SNAP cards not being refilled?
               | 
               | It's all background activity, and those awful contractor
               | companies are often responsible for material aspects of
               | delivery.
        
             | ganstyles wrote:
             | Their ability to win business is based on their expertise
             | at writing responses to RFPs in a successful way, not in
             | their ability to deliver. Also, they do have a few
             | successful projects, to some standard of success, which
             | they point to in the RFP responses as a "successful" track
             | record. Often the ability to point to an almost perfectly
             | analogous project and writing the responses in the
             | "correct" way is all it takes.
        
               | sircastor wrote:
               | This reminds me of how much universities value the
               | ability of staff and students that can write grant
               | applications that get awarded.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | "writing responses to RFPs in a successful way" really
               | means "successfully identifying decision-makers at top
               | levels and brib-- 'charm' them into compliance", often
               | even "dictating how RFPs should be written so that they
               | will be the only ones who know exactly how to reply to
               | them in the only acceptable way".
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | RedShift1 wrote:
         | Belgium has been doing digital identities for years now, we had
         | our first identity cards with chip and digital signature I
         | think 15 years ago? I frequently use it to sign documents and
         | login to some government stuff. So if Belgium, which didn't
         | have a government 3 out of the last 10 years, can do it, surely
         | Switzerland can do it too.
        
           | EnderWT wrote:
           | Except Belgium didn't build it. They contracted it out to
           | Zetes. https://peopleid.zetes.com/en/reference/eid-belgium
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | edoceo wrote:
           | And Estonia too!
        
             | dijit wrote:
             | and Sweden. But these are largely outsourced to private
             | companies iirc. There was a scandal in Estonia where they
             | had to recall all the ID's because the main private key
             | which signed them all got leaked (and that key was held by
             | a private company)
        
               | tialaramex wrote:
               | To be more specific than the existing "No" reply, what
               | famously happened is that Estonia's IDs used Infineon-
               | based chips for a period of time with 2048-bit RSA keys
               | and Infineon's RSA implementation mints RSA keys with a
               | peculiar property that, once you know about it, makes
               | breaking them much cheaper than it should be.
               | CVE-2017-15361 - for HN readers it's more likely you were
               | impacted by this defect in a Yubikey.
               | 
               | "Much cheaper" here means we might expect criminals to
               | break the RSA key for an individual Estonian ID card for
               | less than a million bucks, whereas by design this ought
               | to be impractical at any plausible price. It doesn't mean
               | your bored teenager can make a fake ID on his laptop on a
               | Friday evening. As a practical matter it seems likely key
               | officials & police could be bribed for less than a
               | million bucks, but forging RSA signatures might still be
               | desirable in some circumstances, and anyway of course the
               | mere possibility of this happening ruins public trust in
               | the scheme.
               | 
               | Estonia switched to P-384 keys on the same platform.
               | Unlike choosing random RSA keys (which involve finding
               | large primes) choosing a good P-384 key is trivial so
               | there's no temptation to come up with clever but insecure
               | algorithms to mint keys.
               | 
               | What's interesting about this flaw is that it only
               | happens because the keys are minted on the Infineon
               | device you own. But we know Estonia has historically had
               | some weird incidents which are best explained by keys
               | _not_ being minted on device but instead burned into the
               | ID card after being made (and potentially recorded)
               | elsewhere. Estonia 's laws establishing these cards are
               | clear that mustn't happen (if it did the government can
               | seamlessly impersonate any ID, including ID issued to
               | citizens, non-citizen residents and diplomatic staff) but
               | evidence suggests it did, at least a few times and at
               | least on some older platforms.
               | 
               | Estonia's IDs are all public using a very different
               | scheme to Certificate Transparency, since it assumes you
               | trust the Estonian government to decide which IDs exist -
               | but with similar effect, if anybody is minting bogus IDs
               | there would be a smoking gun in the official public
               | records of Estonia.
               | 
               | On the other hand if the government (or a government
               | agency perhaps without wider knowledge) has copies of
               | some or all keys, they would be able to _decrypt_
               | messages sent to citizens / residents using the embedded
               | PKI. We would not necessarily have any public evidence
               | that this was happening if indeed it was happening.
               | 
               | You should probably be confident in Estonian IDs as proof
               | of someone's identity in the usual course of things, but
               | it may be prudent _not_ to rely on this to keep secrets
               | from the Estonian government or its allies.
        
               | Avamander wrote:
               | > There was a scandal in Estonia where they had to recall
               | all the ID's because the main private key which signed
               | them all got leaked (and that key was held by a private
               | company)
               | 
               | No.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | Helpful comment.
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/estonia-gemalto-
               | idUSL8N1WD5J...
               | 
               | > Estonia's Police and Border Guard Board (PPA) said in a
               | statement Gemalto had created private key codes for
               | individual cards, leaving the government IDs vulnerable
               | to external cyber attack, rather than embedding it on the
               | card's chip as promised.
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | It's not an issue of whether it's technically feasible do it,
           | but whether it's feasible to do it with appropriate
           | safeguards that protect privacy and anonymity online while
           | authenticating in a targetted way to those end points that
           | need it.
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | > six months
         | 
         | I think you may underestimate the system needed. Identity
         | management is the tip of the iceberg: this needs to tie into
         | any future digital currency, income taxes, property ownership,
         | government benefits, and who knows what else. Any off-the-shelf
         | product will need customization. I'm not saying it can't be
         | done.... it SHOULD be done. But not in 6 months.
        
           | mcny wrote:
           | >> six months
           | 
           | > Identity management is the tip of the iceberg: this needs
           | to tie into any future digital currency, income taxes,
           | property ownership, government benefits, and who knows what
           | else.
           | 
           | I'll put my shoe on my head if you can find me a private
           | company that can do this in six months. Previously on HN: CDC
           | website built by Deloitte at a cost of $44M is abandoned due
           | to bugs (technologyreview.com)
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25975110
           | 
           | 1167 points by donsupreme 35 days ago
           | 
           | 664 comments
        
             | edoceo wrote:
             | Vendors with years of time to build can't even track
             | Cannabis properly. Human are much harder than trees to keep
             | track of.
        
         | jeffrallen wrote:
         | I don't think you could do it in six months, but the good news
         | is you wouldn't need to. Passports already have an x509
         | certificate in them saying, "we are the government, and this is
         | Jeff". So the government already know how to do this, they just
         | were trying to give a gift to their buddies in private industry
         | and they got caught and got their hand slapped by the citizens.
         | 
         | There's actually nothing new here: digital IDs were already a
         | thing, corruption has always been a thing, and the referendum
         | process worked correctly to remind the politicians who is in
         | charge.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | > Passports already have an x509 certificate in them saying,
           | "we are the government, and this is Jeff"
           | 
           | No they don't but I can see why you might think that.
           | 
           | ePassports (the ones with the stylised "chip" image on the
           | cover) do have X.509 certificates baked into them. And
           | ePassports do say "We are the government, and this is Jeff"
           | (if you are Jeff) but that's not what the X.509 certificate
           | says.
           | 
           | Each X.509 certificate is one of a relatively small number
           | minted by your government which says "We are the government
           | of country X and this is a public document signing key".
           | 
           | Then the _passports_ all contain raw data (such as a
           | photograph and summary information about their subject) with
           | this certificate and a signature over the raw passport data
           | that can be authenticated with the public signing key.
           | 
           | So there's an X.509 certificate but it isn't for Jeff, and
           | there's data about Jeff, but it isn't in an X.509
           | certificate.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Building a system which works for 99% of the population, 99% of
         | the times they want to use it, sure.
         | 
         | That 1% though, is going to have _all_ the weird edge cases.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Seriously. I suppose Santa's elves issue drivers licenses.
        
         | sigzero wrote:
         | > set it up in six months
         | 
         | There is no way it could be done in 6 months given any
         | reasonable parameters you care to throw at it.
        
         | PoignardAzur wrote:
         | > We're talking identity management here. Any government that
         | can't handle that internally doesn't deserve to exist.
         | 
         | ... I mean, as a French citizen who kind of wants my government
         | to keep existing, I also agree with the statement you quote?
         | 
         | Our government's public-facing IT systems have gotten better
         | over the last few years, but my default expectations for any
         | new projects would still be for them to mess it up.
         | 
         | Of course, the problem is I'd also expect the average
         | contractor to mess it up in very similar ways, for similar
         | reasons.
        
       | ddeyar wrote:
       | I'm super happy about this result. I hope the government will
       | learn from this case.
        
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