[HN Gopher] Academic "Ghost-Writing": The Cheating Scandal No On...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Academic "Ghost-Writing": The Cheating Scandal No One Will Discuss
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2021-03-21 18:24 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (logosnews.tech)
 (TXT) w3m dump (logosnews.tech)
        
       | drummer wrote:
       | One more reason why credentials dont mean much. People have to be
       | able to demonstrate their skills.
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | I always cringe when I have to interview someone with a masters
         | degree in computer science because in my interview I ask a
         | FizzBuzz style question and CS masters people, for whatever
         | reason, don't have a good record (for me) with questions like
         | that. Plus, it's just more awkward watching someone flub the
         | question and thinking about CS education (which I assume from
         | my undergrad experience is much more math, algorithms, theory,
         | and pseudocode) versus programming in practice which, in our
         | case, is much more about "implement this straightforward
         | logic".
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | What point are you trying to make? Every hiring manager
           | should know that a CS Master's degree focuses mainly on
           | theory and doesn't necessarily teach much coding. If you just
           | need programmers to do simple stuff then you'll obtain better
           | results by hiring from trade schools, or finding candidates
           | who are self taught.
        
             | ALittleLight wrote:
             | I was responding to "credentials don't mean much" with my
             | experience. People with what some might assume is a
             | relevant credential don't seem to be that suitable.
             | 
             | E: Another point - I know people who do more complicated
             | things when programming, the thing is, they are also able
             | to do simple things. I'd be really uncomfortable about
             | hiring someone to do something complicated if they couldn't
             | do something simple.
        
           | albntomat0 wrote:
           | As someone with a masters in CS from a big name US school,
           | the demographics of my cohort were super interesting. With
           | the exception of a very small number of folks (<5% of total),
           | everyone either had specific outside support (mainly
           | government computer security scholarships of some kind) or
           | was from outside the US.
           | 
           | I think this is because the cost of getting a masters doesnt
           | make sense for someone with a CS undergrad who can easily
           | apply to FAANG/etc.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I guess I would have assumed that the typical CS masters
             | didn't cost the person much (other than the opportunity
             | cost). When I got an engineering masters (non-CS) most of
             | it was covered via stipend.
             | 
             | Opportunity cost can be significant of course.
        
           | SamvitJ wrote:
           | As a counter-point, here are three examples of highly
           | successful individuals in the tech industry with an M.S. in
           | computer science as their highest degree:
           | 
           | - Soumith Chintala (https://www.linkedin.com/in/soumith): Co-
           | inventor of PyTorch; Distinguished Engineer at Facebook AI
           | 
           | - Jacob Devlin (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacob-
           | devlin-135ab048): Inventor of BERT; SWE at Google AI
           | 
           | - Yuxin Wu (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ppwwyyxx): Lead
           | developer on Detectron2; SWE at Facebook AI
           | 
           | If we include successful entrepreneurs and CEOs, the list
           | becomes larger still.
           | 
           | Of course, these examples are cherry-picked, but I'd be
           | careful with your assumptions.
           | 
           | Many people who pursue Master's degrees in the U.S. are
           | international students who didn't have the luxury to do their
           | undergrad in the U.S., a large number of whom have gone on to
           | great success in the tech industry. At the high end, M.S. in
           | computer science grads represent the best and brightest of
           | three groups: international students, PhD dropouts, and those
           | curious enough about CS to pursue it at the graduate level.
        
             | ALittleLight wrote:
             | I don't think that's a counter point. I'm not saying that
             | CS masters people can't be successful employees or
             | entrepreneurs, just that in my experience the ones I've
             | interviewed tend not to do well on simple "implement this
             | function" type questions. I'm not making a broader claim,
             | just stating my experience.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Only 1/2 joking:
         | 
         | Finding a good ghostwriter demonstrates a number of useful
         | skills.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/17/business/us-outsource-job-
           | chi...
           | 
           | My favorite bit of the story is that he had been known as the
           | best developer in house, and in a different article I can't
           | find anymore there were more quotes from his coworkers about
           | how it seemed like he could do anything, no matter the
           | technology / programming language.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Too bad it seems impossible to contract to get good academic
       | writing done. Otherwise more companies would publish.
        
       | tyoma wrote:
       | This is neither new nor related to high costs of college.
       | 
       | My parents told me of very similar setups when they were growing
       | up in the 1960s USSR.
       | 
       | A roommate in the mid-2000s did similar work as a side hustle.
       | 
       | The actual practice is surely as old as university credentials.
        
         | finexplained wrote:
         | The scale matters when classes are graded on a curve. If a few
         | students cheat the score distribution doesn't change too much,
         | if a significant fraction of students cheat it _really_ hurts
         | those who don 't.
        
           | threatofrain wrote:
           | I've seen a case where about half the class was cheating.
           | People would pay those who took the test earlier to give the
           | exam. Given this, it would be cruel to come down hard on any
           | particular student for cheating.
        
             | cbozeman wrote:
             | > Given this, it would be cruel to come down hard on any
             | particular student for cheating.
             | 
             | That's why you have to come down hard on everyone.
        
               | harry8 wrote:
               | Only if you come down equally hard on paid academics for
               | being so incredibly lazy that they encourage cheating.
               | Yes students should resist that temptation but man alive
               | what the academics are doing to put that temptation in
               | their way is completely unconscionable.
               | 
               | An academic with a cheating problem in their course has a
               | problem they need to solve it they are knowingly screwing
               | the honest. From a position of power.
        
           | anonporridge wrote:
           | Just like a lot of things where the best thing to do for the
           | individual only works out if only a tiny minority of
           | parasites do it.
           | 
           | e.g. getting a vaccine. You're arguably best off if you're
           | part of the 1% of the population who choose not to get one
           | but still get protected by herd immunity. But if that 1%
           | grows to 10/20/30%, suddenly, not only does the defection
           | advantage disappear, but the whole herd starts to suffer.
           | Tragedy of the commons.
           | 
           | We're all stuck between a rock and a hard place of
           | simultaneously not wanting to restrict individual freedom,
           | autonomy, and privacy, but also recognizing that when being a
           | parasite is a disproportionately advantageous role for an
           | individual to choose, it eventually kills the host.
        
           | murgindrag wrote:
           | I had exactly one class in college where cheating was
           | rampant. I don't know why, but most of that class cheated on
           | exams; the prof reused exams, and frats had bibles. I didn't
           | see much cheating in my other classes; it was exceptionally
           | rare.
           | 
           | That class was graded on a curve.
           | 
           | I got a 'B', and I would say I was in the 90th percentile for
           | understanding the material. It would have been neigh-
           | impossible to get an 'A' without cheating.
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | If universities are not capable to prevent such cheating,
           | perhaps they must stop grading on a curve, that's something
           | they can do.
        
         | blowski wrote:
         | The main character in the film Grease 2 (released in 1982) was
         | paid by his fellow students to write their essays. I remember
         | because he inspired me to set up a similar business in the 90s.
        
       | colechristensen wrote:
       | Most people don't "need" a high level education nor do they
       | actually want one, a degree is just another metric about a person
       | and when you make something a metric you tend to ruin it.
       | 
       | Most people would benefit from a liberal education, that is the
       | literal meaning of liberals to make one free, but most don't
       | actually get it at university because it's hard to do and to
       | measure (and not many actually care).
        
       | burnished wrote:
       | Just wanted to nit pick >No doubt the rise of the Internet - and
       | today's "cut and paste" culture -- has cheapened the value of
       | "original" work.
       | 
       | I think broad statements like these, that blame a shift in
       | culture, do so out of a sense of nostalgia for an imaginary past.
       | Isn't it more likely that the effect the author sees is simply
       | part of the culture and that changing technology allowed for new
       | expressions of it?
        
         | msla wrote:
         | There's a trick to it:
         | 
         | Whenever an author says "No doubt" or similar, there _are_
         | doubts the author can 't answer. It's a rhetorical sleight-of-
         | hand, something to get you looking over _here_ while the hole
         | in their logic slips quietly past over _there_. Do it deftly
         | enough and you can get people to swallow camels in your
         | article, even if they 'd strain at gnats in an article written
         | without such devices.
        
       | vvram wrote:
       | What's not talked enough is how this is normalized in Saas
       | digital marketing today.
        
       | Jan454 wrote:
       | Maybe we just should not care? In the end, if someone claims
       | sth., she always has to give proof. If da Prof. Prof. Dr. Dr.
       | super plus claims sth. without proof, and a pink hair colored
       | teenager claims sth. with proof, everyone _should_ believe the
       | teen (actually believing the proof, not the person). Sadly thats
       | not the case, lots of people still believe "eminence based proof"
       | instead of "evidence based proof".
        
         | Bootvis wrote:
         | That works nicely for maths but any subject that requires a non
         | trivial amount of data gathering needs to be build on a certain
         | amount of trust.
        
           | Jan454 wrote:
           | which comes from peer-review and other scientists verifying
           | it.
           | 
           | .. there are too many Prof. Dr. Dr. that did not "cheat" but
           | still claim covid isn't real .. so the title really doesn't
           | mean anything at all to me .. also having studied myself
           | seeing what kind of idiots also got their exams .. it's maybe
           | just a proof they can 'write' and 'read', but even believing
           | this would proof 'understanding' is a big overestimation of
           | the title itself ..
        
             | Bootvis wrote:
             | In addition to the sibling comment, the replication crisis
             | shows that this mechanic isn't working as well as you hope
             | it would.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | Peer review is about relevance, methodology and the
             | appriopriateness of your conclusions given your
             | observations as you describe them.
             | 
             | Peer review does not even attempt to control for fabricated
             | experimental results or other data.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | The fact that we haven't seen some massively decline in
       | productivity when there started to be rampant "ghost writing"
       | means it's probably fairly meaningless.
       | 
       | It reminds me of the fact that when I was five to nine, my school
       | assigned loads of academic busywork that was completely
       | pointless.
       | 
       | My mum did it for me and let me go out and play. Our class ranks
       | were based solely on exam performance, and I was top of every
       | class.
       | 
       | University probably has loads of pointless busywork too. Though I
       | recall my Masters degree in CS actually being a rather enjoyable
       | experience all around with fun assignments.
       | 
       | For CS classes at least, it seems like you're missing out if you
       | don't do the work because it's so much fun!
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | Technological productivity has been increasing, but social
         | productivity seems to be declining. Compare the 2020
         | Presidential debates to JFK vs Nixon's debate, for instance. I
         | don't think that ghostwriting is to blame though.
        
         | choeger wrote:
         | University is, at least in the classical form, a _scientific_
         | institution. And science is communicated _in writing_. So at
         | least in principle, exercising the writing of papers and essays
         | under time pressure is completely natural.
         | 
         | In practice, though, the writing is often hardly instructive.
         | There are very few people that take stuff like "The Elements of
         | Style" seriously. And the subjects are usually quite trivial.
         | 
         | But calling writing per se is as much "busywork" as learning a
         | programming language, CAD modeling, or working out mathematical
         | proofs by induction.
        
           | chowells wrote:
           | > There are very few people that take stuff like "The
           | Elements of Style" seriously.
           | 
           | That's because it's garbage. Learning to write is great. But
           | that is best done by reading good writing and practicing. A
           | list of rules that constantly violates its own advice because
           | obeying it would make the text hard to read is not of any
           | value.
           | 
           | https://www.chronicle.com/article/50-years-of-stupid-
           | grammar...
        
       | turbinerneiter wrote:
       | I'd be interested to know if this happens more or less in
       | different fields, and whether or not this has an impact on
       | people's careers, again by field.
        
       | slyall wrote:
       | That site was very hard to read on my browser. Every couple of
       | seconds the author's byeline would flicker (too fast for me to
       | see what it changed to) and the text would jump up and down.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't complain about website formatting, back-button
         | breakage, and similar annoyances. They're too common to be
         | interesting. Exception: when the author is present. Then
         | friendly feedback might be helpful._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | I don't mean to pick on you personally--the problem is more
         | that these things tend to get upvoted to the top of the thread,
         | where they choke out on-topic conversation. This happens
         | because the annoyances are real, not because they're unreal. At
         | the same time this comes up so often that we have to try to
         | avoid the repetition.
        
           | BeetleB wrote:
           | I agree in general. In this particular case, though, it was
           | jarring. Having the screen jump every few seconds without the
           | user interacting at all is a bit extreme.
        
         | bArray wrote:
         | It's bad enough that I have to enable JS in a private tab, then
         | the force-enabled JS makes it near unreadable.
         | 
         | I ended up using uBlock Origin to select the element and to
         | block it, causing whatever crazy JS that is to die.
        
         | sliken wrote:
         | Same here, in chrome and firefox, and firefox reading mode
         | wouldn't work.
        
         | temp667 wrote:
         | does anyone know how AMP seems to avoid this (despite the hate
         | here). On AMP sites I rarely get the post paint jumping around
         | insanity.
         | 
         | My own metric - non AMP site + clickbait headline = jank and
         | constant jumps as dynamic stuff happens (be it ads changing or
         | show off or attention grabbers or analytics maybe).
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | > My own metric
           | 
           | This doesn't make any sense to me. Are you saying that you
           | experience jumping content on many blogs.
           | 
           | The way any site avoids this is not being bad.
        
       | zepto wrote:
       | This just reveals that colleges simply aren't doing anything that
       | can be called _tuition_.
       | 
       | If the college did any amount of meaningful in-person teaching,
       | it would be immediately obvious that a student had not written
       | their own coursework.
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | You're sort of assuming people are paying for A+ quality work.
         | But they're not stupid. For many, a B is quite fine.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Colleges are simply doing something called _collecting money_
         | so there 's no incentive to fix this problem.
         | 
         | And it is a problem, because it means the output of colleges is
         | increasingly just noise.
         | 
         | It will become even more of a problem in the future, because
         | you can't run a civilisation packed full of 'qualified' people
         | who can't do shit.
         | 
         | Except cheat.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | This what happens when professors are too busy to notice/care nd
       | everything is outsourced to overworked assistants who are paid
       | little
        
       | tppiotrowski wrote:
       | This seems to indicate that some careers require a college degree
       | without actually requiring the knowledge dispensed at the
       | university.
       | 
       | If a job really required university knowledge you would be fired
       | pretty quickly if you didn't do the assignments but because
       | people keep investing money in paying ghost writers it would
       | indicate that it's paying off.
       | 
       | I personally see this on CodeMentor: "I don't care how it works,
       | I don't need to understand it, I just need it done in the next 60
       | minutes".
        
         | casefields wrote:
         | Enterprise Rent-a-car used to have commercials all the time
         | about how they're one of the largest employers of college
         | grads. Why on earth does someone at a counter handing out car
         | rentals even need a college degree?
        
       | al2o3cr wrote:
       | This goes out of its way to specifically hyperlink _one_
       | particular ghostwriting company twice: smells like thinly-
       | disguised SEO spam.
        
         | galkk wrote:
         | I think you're right. It's even has interesting formatting in
         | one paragraphs, and description that sounds like the ad.
         | One of the first and best known academic ghost-writing web
         | sites is              SITENAME.com based out of Montreal,
         | Canada. It's been in business for nearly 20 years, longer than
         | most.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | After I worked as a ghostwriter for a few years I saw the world-
       | especially the online world-with other eyes.
        
         | jimhefferon wrote:
         | Please, say more.
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | There are many things you get for texts, not just degrees.
           | Academic degrees are just the ones that are regulated, so
           | it's against the law to get them with the help of a
           | ghostwriter.
           | 
           | But you get prestige and awards on "the free market" for all
           | kinds of publications.
        
             | carmen_sandiego wrote:
             | > But you get prestige and awards on "the free market" for
             | all kinds of publications.
             | 
             | Yeah, but those are for the low end of the hiring market.
             | Personally I mostly just ignore 'awards', unless it's a
             | Nobel Prize or something.
             | 
             | In fact, too much award fluff is a big negative weighting
             | for me. Same with patents and ECs.
             | 
             | I assume it's similar anywhere that ability actually
             | matters. Sure you might get a boring entry-level IB job at
             | some meat factory whose mild 'prestige' will impress your
             | parents/schoolmates, but who cares in the grand scheme of
             | things.
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | The truth probably lies somewhere in the middle.
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | There are a lot of courses that people are forced to take that
       | have nothing to do with what they are trying to do in life. For
       | example, nurses being forced to take an algebra (equivalent of HS
       | algebra 1, algebra 2, trig, and and some analytic geometry). It
       | is a big impediment for those students to pass that class and
       | many cannot. So, nurses are selected on a skill they will never
       | use or see again.
       | 
       | I can't blame students in that predicament for cheating on those
       | kinds of courses.
       | 
       | They are merely jumping through the hoop. A hoop that serves no
       | purpose, and is itself unethical.
       | 
       | I've seen many such students cheat on those courses so they can
       | focus on their core learning and get on with their lives.
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | There is a drastic difference between getting a college degree
       | and getting a "good college education"
       | 
       | This article drops that ball right out of the gate, and doesn't
       | seem to notice.
        
       | Bodell wrote:
       | In my experience the system incentivizes this sort of behavior.
       | I'll give my personal story as an example, singular though it my
       | be. This is very long winded but I feel many here at HN may
       | appreciate the details so I've included them.
       | 
       | I'm currently going back to school and my experience in doing so
       | is quite troubling. Largely my issues reside in two classes,
       | English and Ethics. While I have a B in both classes, I have not
       | at any point learned anything in either class. By learned I mean
       | learned in the traditional sense of doing class work, receiving
       | feedback, revising, repeat. This process usually culminating in a
       | full formal essay or test.
       | 
       | In English, my professor gives only a few sentences of rather
       | generic feedback on each class item. We write many pieces of a
       | total essay that we turn in to receive this feedback on before
       | putting it all together into an major essay assignment. So for
       | one of these pieces we were supposed to give a critical response
       | to a couple of articles we read about the tech industry and its
       | effects on human thinking. One argued that human beings were
       | "evolving" into man/machine "centaurs" such as the super powers
       | of "ESP" that are gained by using Twitter (not joking). The other
       | was an article from The Atlantic titled "Is google making us
       | stoopid?" (no, I did not misspell "stupid", that was the title).
       | The assignment was to argue for which one was most persuasive.
       | 
       | I of course found neither very persuasive. I found some
       | sentiments that I agreed with in the second one, such as people
       | losing their ability to focus for long periods of time brought
       | about by an industry of attention battling (too many
       | distractions). But overall this was not a good case for human
       | brains being made defective, which to its credit was said in the
       | portion where the article's author talked to a neurologist.
       | 
       | In the first article I found an overwhelming misunderstanding of
       | general and specific A.I. This position of my final essay had one
       | note on it from my professor, it was a YouTube link to a dancing
       | robot that I presume was supposed to be a snarky response
       | displaying how intelligent robots actually are.
       | 
       | So I wrote my paper with the thesis that neither of the two were
       | persuasive. I focused much of my paper on the fact that
       | intelligence was poorly defined throughout despite it being the
       | foundation of each argument. I spent a portion of the essay
       | explaining that even though computers played chess (a main
       | sticking point for article 1), this did not constitute anything
       | near human intelligence and that is not exactly viewed as an
       | overall positive thing from the chess community at large (I
       | myself have played chess for many years, won a couple state
       | championships as a child and currently after not playing for a
       | long time have a rating of around 1600-1700).
       | 
       | I received little to no feedback on any of the smaller portions
       | of this essay and got full marks for each. Yet, when it came time
       | to put it all together, I received a C and was told my thesis
       | "side-stepped the entire point of the exercise". I wrote my
       | professor and said that I had already turned in drafts of my
       | thesis twice and I was not told it would be outright rejected.
       | The only real thing I had been told to change was my summaries of
       | each article, as they were too thorough and I should cut it back
       | to the "gist". My final essay was scored poorly on the summary
       | section for "only capturing the gist". I also pointed out that in
       | my last draft, I had specifically asked (parenthetically to my
       | teacher and fellow students) if my thesis was okay or unclear in
       | any way as I felt summarizing intelligence arguments in 5 pages
       | or less was difficult to do effectively. This note was ignored
       | and I was given no notes on it at all, only top marks.
       | 
       | He responded saying he graded it for overall effectiveness and
       | that if I wanted to try again I was welcome to. I declined since
       | I did not have time to redo it as by the time I received this, I
       | was three weeks into our next essay. It's interesting to note
       | that a week later I was told I had to scrap the work on this
       | "formal research essay" as well because it contained "too much
       | research" and was not "opinionated enough".
       | 
       | The point is, I was really trying to use my time at school to
       | actually learn something. I know my writing can be better and I
       | want to make it better, but this environment is not conducive to
       | doing so. Admittedly, even this comment could use some work:
       | better organization, less choppy thought structure, etc.
       | 
       | My ethics class is much the same way. We read portions of our two
       | textbooks and take lock-down browser quizzes (on camera) as well
       | as major tests. The quizzes are intended as practice and for
       | understanding what you should study for the test. However, you
       | are only allowed to see the numerical results of those tests and
       | quizzes! You are NOT told which ones you missed or what you maybe
       | did not understand. I fail to see how anyone can benefit from
       | this approach to learning.
       | 
       | Which is an extremely long way of saying I understand completely
       | why people would cheat and not try while in school. I myself am
       | not one of those people but the design of the institution, at
       | least the one I attend, seems to be begging people to game it and
       | further circumvent actual practice and learning.
       | 
       | On top of all of that, when I asked an English professor about my
       | issues leading up to that first essay, she informed me that my
       | generic non-feedback sounded like the output of A.I. grading
       | software. Something I had not before known existed and was
       | mortified to be made aware of, as ironic as that is in light of
       | the subject matter my class was concerned with.
       | 
       | Seems to me that the schools themselves are also outsourcing
       | their jobs.
       | 
       | An example of this software:
       | https://elearningindustry.com/artificial-intelligence-new-ro...
        
         | m4lvin wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing! I enjoyed your writing and feel sorry
         | for the mediocre feedback you get from your teachers.
        
         | lolc wrote:
         | An older relative once gave me the hint to bury a question in
         | my text to see whether the examiner would address it. I was
         | actually surprised to get an answer when I tried that.
        
       | jonnycomputer wrote:
       | I once caught a fellow grad student out on hiring someone to do
       | our assignment. I was looking for free-lance work and happened
       | upon an ad, which contained a copy of the assignment
       | instructions. I felt no compunction at all at reporting to the
       | instructor. The assignment was a lot of work.
        
       | CJefferson wrote:
       | Universities discuss this all the time. It's incredibly hard to
       | prove.
       | 
       | This is one reason we keep exams -- while they have many problems
       | (particularly in Computer Science), forcing someone to sit in a
       | room and answer questions gives a way of checking the student
       | really does understand the course.
        
         | albntomat0 wrote:
         | I also personally appreciated the time limits of exams as well.
         | They seemed like a good balance to projects whose outcome was
         | primarily decided by how much time one could spend (there's a
         | clear balance in the real world utility of performing well
         | under unstrained time, and time management, etc).
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Projects are great. But the best ones are time-consuming
           | because, as you suggest, you can often iterate one more time.
           | This is especially true if the problem space is at least
           | somewhat unconstrained even if the result isn't. I probably
           | got more out of project-oriented courses undergrad/masters
           | (and my Masters thesis) but it doesn't scale to the whole
           | curriculum.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | People love to complain about whiteboarding but it's extremely
         | effective at assessing knowledge, far more than even most
         | exams. Exams are used in an academic context b/c they're less
         | resource intensive, though.
        
           | ska wrote:
           | This is sort of true.
           | 
           | White-boarding or "oral exams" are effective in proportion to
           | the skill of the person giving them. Most people have little
           | natural skill in this even (perhaps especially) if they are
           | expert in the domain being examined.
        
         | thechao wrote:
         | While a grad student at TX A&M CS, I rolled out a grading
         | rubric (for a couple of intro courses) which required the
         | students to pass _individually_ each of the homework, quiz, and
         | exams, separately, to pass the course.
         | 
         | This nipped HW cheating in the bud by the 3rd semester, because
         | the students knew that you couldn't game the system by
         | maximizing HW grades to bring up exam & quiz grades. Exams &
         | quizzes were autogenerated from a set of parametric problems,
         | and put in random order on the print out -- made side-by-side
         | and answer-sheet cheating basically impossible.
         | 
         | Faculty weren't as charmed with the cratered grades, though.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | What's fascinating to me is about all of this is that
           | techniques like the ones you implemented and others are all
           | that is needed to eliminate cheating. It's the kind of stuff
           | that is analogous to the protocols developed by the air
           | industry in the mid 20th century that has almost eliminated
           | entire classes of error that could result in loss of life
           | from flying.
           | 
           | It is especially troubling because post-secondary education
           | is a sort of cornerstone of all other human endeavours so the
           | cascading effects of people cheating and not learning the
           | material that they need to be better at their jobs influences
           | lives just as much as a plane crashing.
           | 
           | The silly part is that post-secondary education is something
           | that is far older than the flight industry yet no such
           | standardization of controls over testing / grading have been
           | implemented.
           | 
           | It seems like it's almost a choice.
           | 
           | > Faculty weren't as charmed with the cratered grades,
           | though.
           | 
           | Yeah. it's a choice.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | The scientific research that goes on in post secondary
             | education is the cornerstone. The academic setting is just
             | the way we do it now and can, and I would argue should,
             | change. Grad students could just as easily be junior
             | employees if the same work were done in the private sector
             | and would be financially much better off for it.
        
             | barry-cotter wrote:
             | > It is especially troubling because post-secondary
             | education is a sort of cornerstone of all other human
             | endeavours so the cascading effects of people cheating and
             | not learning the material that they need to be better at
             | their jobs influences lives just as much as a plane
             | crashing.
             | 
             | This is insane. Most people never attend university and do
             | plenty of productive work. Most people who do attend
             | university never work a day in the field they did their
             | degree in. Most people who do work in the field they did
             | their degree in never use the large majority of what they
             | leaned there. On top of this a large majority of
             | professionally relevant material is learned on the job.
             | 
             | The reason that there's no real effort to check people
             | aren't cheating is because school isn't primarily about
             | learning, it's about ranking and sorting.
        
           | CJefferson wrote:
           | I'm suprised people were so opposed to it, that kind of
           | system is standard in all UK Universities I've taught in.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | > Faculty weren't as charmed with the cratered grades,
           | though.
           | 
           | Maybe focus more on the teaching and less on the testing.
        
             | barry-cotter wrote:
             | Faculty get jobs at universities to research, not to teach.
             | The less time spent on teaching the better.
        
             | Google234 wrote:
             | Maybe grade inflation is a thing?
        
           | hn_asker wrote:
           | This heavily biases in favor of lone wolves in college. I was
           | one myself. I'd say we are rare. Most people are social and
           | learn by collaborating with others. It's the more natural
           | approach. Evolution has groomed us to be social after all.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Huh. Your comment makes me think. I wonder if some of the
             | push-back on standardized testing is partly because
             | students cannot chea-- I mean rely on "social
             | collaboration"? (Not ALL of the pushback, of course. But
             | part of it..)
        
             | warlog wrote:
             | Collaboration to learn isn't penalized. Just the collab to
             | cheat part.
        
           | tmpz22 wrote:
           | Are there any downsides to removing the potential for
           | students to compensate poor test and quiz scores with strong
           | homework and take-home work?
           | 
           | I remember having some terrible graduate instructors at the
           | University of Oregon who clearly had 0 desire to teach and
           | routinely expressed frustration when first year students
           | could not keep up with their doctorate level notation and
           | language styles. Most students passed by a hair thanks to
           | homework and quizzes, mixed with study groups and studying
           | topics which weren't covered properly in the class. Had it
           | not been for a heavy weight on HW (about ~35% IIRC) most of
           | the class would have failed. And cynically that homework
           | weight must've been intentional - they knew there was a
           | problem with their course instruction and they covered up
           | presumably high fail rates by bumping HW grading...
           | 
           | The problem with evaluating large groups of people is that
           | many will fall through the cracks, not due to malice but
           | because there is no one-size-fits all solution. Yeah you can
           | improve cheating metrics but how many non-cheaters, good
           | qualified students who put in the work, were also negatively
           | affected by your grading rubric? 0? 1? 100? 1000? Unknown?
           | 
           | And as a corollary this bleeds right into tech recruiting
           | where scores of qualified candidates are put through a song
           | and dance routine which arbitrarily and sometimes biasely
           | culls for no valid reason other then being a day that ends in
           | y.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | > Are there any downsides to removing the potential for
             | students to compensate poor test and quiz scores with
             | strong homework and take-home work?
             | 
             | It facilitates cheating in a way that's almost impossible
             | to counteract.
             | 
             | The other way around works though, where you work hard to
             | make sure your final exam isn't something they can cheat
             | on, then allow that to overide or pull up the other grades.
             | This isn't really helpful for people with high test anxiety
             | but it does help.
             | 
             | You can't get this stuff perfect, but you can make sure the
             | result is at least fair.
        
           | hiq wrote:
           | > required the students to pass individually each of the
           | homework, quiz, and exams, separately, to pass the course
           | 
           | How was the final grade determined? min(HW, Quiz, exams)?
        
             | fedorareis wrote:
             | Not OP, but it could still be an average (either weighted
             | or not) and have a requirement to pass certain things to be
             | eligible to pass. One of my core CS classes had the
             | requirement that you had to complete at least 1 project,
             | complete all daily assignments, and pass at least 4 of the
             | 6 lab tests. However the overall grade for the class once
             | you met those requirements was just an average like it was
             | for my other classes.
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | No one will discuss? I got a rambling story from a history
       | professor about how he used to write papers for beer money. He
       | claimed he stopped when one of his clients was caught.
       | 
       | The unfortunate lesson I got from university is that they were
       | very aware of cheating, but not all that enthused about
       | penalizing people for it. 11 people in one of my freshmen classes
       | got copying an assignment to keep a journal over the semester. In
       | theory, they should have failed the class or been expelled, but
       | the professor didn't want such a high rate of her class failing
       | and just gave them a zero for the one assignment.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | nmca wrote:
       | galaxy-brain: a great deal of resources are wasted in the
       | university signalling game, by devaluing university these
       | cheaters are contributing to societal progress in the long run.
        
       | zdragnar wrote:
       | Reposting as a top level comment because it fits:
       | https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/17/business/us-outsource-job-chi...
       | 
       | Guy outsourced his entire programming job and got away with it
       | for quite awhile. I guess the company didn't do much peer
       | programming.
        
         | cbozeman wrote:
         | I think its fucking fabulous.
         | 
         | At a society level, companies and billionaires are outsourcing
         | every goddamn thing they can to anywhere but America and
         | Americans, and unfortunately that extends to other Western
         | nations as well now.
         | 
         | They only got pissed off because for once, the little guy was
         | winning here and outsmarted the greedy sons of bitches.
         | 
         | If you want a powerful Western society, you have to pay Western
         | residents Western wages. Now China is on the rise and clearly
         | the most dangerous threat not just to the United States, but
         | the rest of the Western world, but no one sees it because they
         | want their $999 iPhone that would be $1999 if it were actually
         | assembled in California by people asking for a measly $15 an
         | hour.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure they were pissed off because they are a
           | "critical infrastructure" company whose employee exfiltrated
           | their entire source code. Not to mention, if they were doing
           | any government work, they may have inadvertently let in
           | foreign actors- not great for "critical infrastructure" since
           | management aren't likely to have been the worst hurt had
           | anything gone more wrong.
           | 
           | Bear in mind he was getting a 6 figure salary- he was hardly
           | the little guy making under $15 an hour.
        
       | hn_asker wrote:
       | Big Pharma uses this heavily to bias research in academia for
       | their marketing purposes. It used to be that academic research
       | was rigorous and objective. An academic title had prestige and
       | respect. Now it's so watered down.
        
       | nonpolitic wrote:
       | It's going to be interesting when these people figure out GPT-3
       | exists. The days of the take-home essay as a useful grading tool
       | are definitely numbered, at least in non-science disciplines.
        
       | intended wrote:
       | I'm willing to be persuaded differently, but any discussion on
       | Academics and Academia is always a jobs/employment discussion
       | with extra steps.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-03-21 23:00 UTC)