[HN Gopher] Small, cheap spy satellites mean there's no hiding p...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Small, cheap spy satellites mean there's no hiding place
        
       Author : known
       Score  : 315 points
       Date   : 2021-03-23 10:22 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | humbleMouse wrote:
       | There is a limited amount of orbit space and limited amount of
       | satellites that can be launched. Building too much infrastructure
       | around them is risky and not a good idea for long term stability.
        
       | geuis wrote:
       | Where's the article? On mobile it just cuts off at " HawkEye's
       | satellites could pinpoint these renegades by listening for faint
       | signals emanating from their navigation radars and radio
       | communications".
        
         | nfriedly wrote:
         | There's a paywall, but you can read the full thing at
         | https://archive.is/T8XtA
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | Just go inside a building.
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Where your gait can be analyzed, and wifi analysis can
         | correlate you by your heart beat and other things.
         | 
         | The thing is that after connecting all those databases, an AI
         | can quickly figure out where everyone has been and what they're
         | up to. And as the Five Eyes shares info, you can ask friendly
         | countries to spy on your own citizens.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | Both can be defeated by a long dress and a bottle of water.
        
           | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
           | How will a spy satellite tell me what's going on inside a
           | building or underground?
        
       | longsword wrote:
       | You can disable the Paywall by disabling JavaScript.
       | 
       | (You can spot it, because the site initially loaded and then
       | paywalled itself)
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | Or you could subscribe to the Economist for $189/year.
         | 
         | Learn more about them here:
         | https://www.economist.com/news/2020/06/19/frequently-asked-q...
        
           | snypher wrote:
           | I'm keeping my $200, thanks.
           | 
           | The current members of the board of directors of The
           | Economist Group are: Rupert Pennant-Rea (Chairman), Zanny
           | Minton Beddoes (editor-in-chief of The Economist), Lady
           | Suzanne Heywood, Brent Hoberman, David Bell, John Elkann,
           | Alex Karp, Sir Simon Robertson, Lady Lynn Forester de
           | Rothschild, Chris Stibbs and Baroness Jowell.
        
             | josefresco wrote:
             | > The current members of the board of directors...
             | 
             | And?
        
               | slowhand09 wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqwzuiSy9y0
        
               | josefresco wrote:
               | Is this HN's version of being Rickrolled?
        
         | jpm_sd wrote:
         | Or by quickly hitting Esc:
         | 
         | ----------
         | 
         | In the middle of last year, Ecuadorians watched with concern as
         | 340 foreign boats, most of them Chinese, fished just outside
         | the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around their country's
         | westernmost province, the Galapagos Islands. The law of the sea
         | requires such vessels to carry GPS-based automatic
         | identification systems (AIS) that broadcast where they are, and
         | to keep those systems switched on. Some boats, however, failed
         | to comply. There were more than 550 instances of vessels not
         | transmitting their locations for over a day. This regular radio
         | silence stoked fears that the boats concerned were sneaking
         | into Ecuador's waters to plunder its fish.
         | 
         | Both local officials and China's ambassador to Ecuador denied
         | this, and said all the boats were sticking to the rules. In
         | October, however, HawkEye 360, a satellite operator based in
         | Virginia, announced it had detected vessels inside Ecuador's
         | EEZ on 14 occasions when the boats in question were not
         | transmitting AIS (see map). HawkEye's satellites could pinpoint
         | these renegades by listening for faint signals emanating from
         | their navigation radars and radio communications.
         | 
         | HawkEye's satellites are so-called smallsats, about the size of
         | a large microwave oven. They are therefore cheap to build and
         | launch. HawkEye deployed its first cluster, of three of them,
         | in 2018. They are now in an orbit that takes them over both of
         | Earth's poles. This means that, as the planet revolves beneath
         | them, every point on its surface can be monitored at regular
         | intervals.
         | 
         | Initially, the data the satellites collected were downloaded to
         | a tracking station on Svalbard, a Norwegian island in the
         | Arctic Ocean. But business has since boomed. HawkEye now counts
         | a dozen governments among its customers, as well as private
         | clients. The firm has therefore recruited the services of a
         | second ground station, in Antarctica, and it put a second
         | cluster into orbit on January 24th. It plans three more such
         | launches this year, and also intends to widen its network of
         | ground stations yet further.
         | 
         | Given this success, it is hardly surprising that at least six
         | other companies are operating or developing similar systems.
         | Quilty Analytics, a research firm in Florida, expects the
         | number of radio-frequency (RF) intelligence satellites of this
         | sort in orbit to multiply from a dozen at the beginning of
         | January to more than 60 by the end of next year.
         | 
         | Unmixed signals
         | 
         | RF-intelligence satellites detect where a transmission is
         | coming from in two ways. One, trilateration, relies on
         | measuring minute differences in a signal's arrival time at each
         | member of a cluster. The other uses the Doppler effect--the
         | shift in a signal's frequency if the transmitter is moving
         | relative to the receiver. Together, according to HawkEye, these
         | can pinpoint a signal's source to within 500 metres of its true
         | origin. Kleos Space, a Luxembourgeois company that launched its
         | first cluster in November and hopes to put two more up later
         | this year, says its accuracy ranges between 3,000 and 200
         | metres.
         | 
         | A cluster sweeps a band of territory 2,000km wide so, circling
         | the planet every 90 minutes or so, it can revisit many areas
         | several times a day. Moreover, unlike spy satellites fitted
         | with optical cameras, RF satellites can see through clouds.
         | Their receivers are not sensitive enough to detect standard
         | mobile phones. But they can pick up satellite phones, walkie-
         | talkies and all manner of radar. And, while vessels can and do
         | illicitly disable their ais, switching off their communications
         | gear and the radar they use for navigation and collision-
         | avoidance is another matter entirely. "Even pirates don't turn
         | those things off," says John Beckner, boss of Horizon
         | Technologies, a British firm that plans its first launch in
         | August.
         | 
         | RF data are also cheap to collect. Satellites fitted with
         | robotic high-resolution cameras are costly. Flying microwave
         | ovens that capture and timestamp radio signals are not. Horizon
         | says that building, insuring and launching its August mission
         | should cost no more than about $1.4m.
         | 
         | America's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), one of
         | that country's numerous spying operations, is a big user of RF
         | intelligence. It employs HawkEye's data to find guerrilla camps
         | and mobile missile-launchers, and to track both conventional
         | warships and unconventional ones, like the weaponised
         | speedboats sometimes deployed by Iran. Robert Cardillo, a
         | former director of the agency who now advises HawkEye, says
         | dozens of navies, Russia's included, spoof AIS signals to make
         | warships appear to be in places which they are not. RF
         | intelligence is not fooled by this. Mr Cardillo says, too, that
         | the tininess of RF satellites makes them hard for an enemy to
         | destroy.
         | 
         | Beside matters military, the NGA also uses RF data to unearth
         | illicit economic activity--of which unauthorised fishing is
         | merely one instance. Outright piracy is another. And the
         | technique also works on land. In 2019, for example, it led to
         | the discovery of an illegal gold mine being run by a Chinese
         | company in a jungle in Gabon. And in 2020 the managers of
         | Garamba National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo began
         | using HawkEye data to spot elephant poachers and dispatch
         | rangers to deal with them.
         | 
         | There are commercial uses, too. Andy Bowyer, Kleos's boss,
         | reports interest among telecoms firms keen to locate rogue
         | transmitters, such as unlicensed ham radios, that are operating
         | within their domains. Regulators, meanwhile, would like the
         | firm to create "heat maps" of shifting patterns of legitimate
         | transmissions. These would help them select sites for mobile-
         | phone towers and also give them a better idea of the value in
         | particular places of licences to use parts of the radio
         | spectrum that are going up for auction. Some charities, too,
         | have an interest in Kleos's data. RF information can, for
         | example, flag up routes taken by migrants likely to need food
         | and other aid.
         | 
         | Declustering
         | 
         | Using satellite clusters to gather RF intelligence is clever.
         | But engineers at Unseenlabs, a firm in Rennes, France, reckon
         | it is already outdated. At the moment, Unseen has three
         | satellites in orbit and sells data to about ten navies,
         | including France's, as well as to maritime insurers and a
         | handful of big defence contractors. But its satellites operate
         | independently, rather than as a cluster, for Unseenlabs'
         | engineers have devised a detection system, which they claim is
         | accurate to within 5,000 metres, that requires but a single
         | satellite.
         | 
         | How this system works remains a secret--and one that, according
         | to Clement Galic, Unseenlabs' boss, is protected by the French
         | state. After several attempts were made to steal it, he says,
         | the defence ministry's Directorate General of Armaments offered
         | its assistance in defending the details from cybertheft.
         | 
         | Secret or not, though, Unseenlabs may soon have competitors in
         | the single-satellite-RF-intelligence market, for Horizon, too,
         | says that it has worked out how to perform the trick--a claim
         | backed up by the fact that its launch in August will loft but a
         | single device. Shortly after it filed an application for a
         | patent in America on the wizardry involved, the government
         | there classified it. Even so, Mr Beckner drops a hint. The
         | method involves assessing differences in the angles at which a
         | target's signals arrive during the satellite's arc across the
         | sky. Horizon says its system will be accurate to within 3,000
         | metres. By the middle of next year, it, too, plans to operate
         | three satellites in different orbits--enough to scan most of
         | the planet every two hours or so.
         | 
         | Horizon also plans to compile a library of unique radar-pulse
         | "fingerprints" of the world's vessels, for the tiny differences
         | in componentry that exist even between examples of the same
         | make and model of equipment mean that signals can often be
         | linked to a specific device. It will thus be able to determine
         | not merely that a vessel of some sort is in a certain place,
         | but which vessel it is, and where else it has been.
         | 
         | Unseenlabs, for its part, has already catalogued the radar
         | fingerprints of many thousands of vessels, several hundred of
         | which have, subsequent to the events of last summer, spent time
         | in the Galapagos EEZ with their AIS beacons switched off. It
         | remains to be seen what Ecuador's authorities will do with that
         | information. But no one can say they weren't told.
        
           | Noxmiles wrote:
           | Why is quickly hitting Esc working? It's perfectly working
           | and that is strange.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Aborts loading of the page, JS usually comes last - cant
             | execute what wasn\t loaded.
        
       | broooder wrote:
       | Have you tried the caves?
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | and mines. With mines you would already have a good idea of the
         | rock composition and layers. I wanted to put a literal "man
         | cave" in a mine _by parking an RV in one_ , but I can't find
         | any good documentation on restrictions per state on personally
         | owned mines vs. claims.
        
       | mhh__ wrote:
       | The stories of NRO uniform patches giving away classified
       | information never cease to make me chuckle.
        
         | EMM_386 wrote:
         | More information here for anyone curious:
         | 
         | https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/satellites/g2728/best...
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | This one's my favourite. It's rare you get a good look at some
         | of the best classified satellite imagery available anywhere
         | (there are some doubts whether this was actually a satellite
         | image, but it seems likely).
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/2019/08/30/755994591/president-trump-twe...
        
           | hooloovoo_zoo wrote:
           | Startup idea #42123: Tactical Sombreros
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | This isn't a good thing or a bad thing, it's all in how we
       | respond.
       | 
       | This could lead to greater transparency, openness, and
       | accountability, or it can be abused by a small group of people
       | for their own power and profit. Nothing hypothetical about it
       | either, both cases are already true.
        
       | idclip wrote:
       | Yeha thats gonna get regulated pretty fast.
       | 
       | Israel is VERY uptight about its airspace and the drones here are
       | basically sharks with lasers.
       | 
       | Good luck, comrad.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | Lots of little cameras up there. Ok. They can see ships. That is
       | a far cry from total surveillance. There are countless physical
       | limitations that prevent the concept of total space surveillance,
       | from lens diameter to the atmosphere's absorption of certain
       | frequencies. I remain far more concerned by the cameras in my
       | apartment building, or taps on my internet/cell connections, than
       | I am about space cameras.
       | 
       | Be more worried about your local police operating airborne camera
       | systems. Drones hovering over cities are far far cheaper than any
       | space-based surveillance scheme.
        
       | dfilppi wrote:
       | Unless they are indoors, no true.
        
       | neilshevlin wrote:
       | On a good note, getting access to really high quality Earth
       | observation data is really good for geophysics and geoscience
       | research.
        
       | rexreed wrote:
       | And yet, MH370 is still missing. Yes I know satellites can't see
       | under water but the earth can still hide mysteries.
        
         | BelenusMordred wrote:
         | Reading about the two nacro subs captured in the last year it's
         | pretty clear you don't even need to go deep.
         | 
         | For a long time I was under the impression that diesel subs
         | stand out like a sore thumb on sat photos and nation states
         | watch them all like hawks, but apparently not and drug cartels
         | can just roll around as they please in them.
        
           | CapitalistCartr wrote:
           | Diesel subs at 30 meters become nearly invisible. They're
           | hell to find. And if they stop, they're really, truly silent.
           | The best way to find one is don't lose it in the first place.
           | Track it from base it's entire trip.
        
             | BelenusMordred wrote:
             | Pardon my layman ignorance on this, but they still need to
             | surface pretty often right? And the diesel engines leave a
             | distinct signature when they surface to recharge the
             | batteries?
             | 
             | Watched countries argue a bit over diesel vs nuclear
             | submarines and this is where I've been imprinted with the
             | idea that nuclear subs are the only actual true stealth
             | subs you can build. I may be wrong here, but the evidence
             | seems overwhelming based on usage. Diesel subs are for
             | homeland defense purposes and don't worry about the enemy
             | knowing their whereabouts, nuclear subs go silent for
             | months and everyone is completely clueless as to where they
             | actually are.
        
               | CapitalistCartr wrote:
               | Yes, diesels have to surface and recharge. Nukes can't be
               | completely silent because of the coolant systems. Each
               | has it's strengths and weaknesses.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | True. But they're stealth enough, can operate with a
               | snorkel without completely surfacing and modern li-ion
               | battery tech allows them to operate underwater for weeks.
               | 
               | https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-
               | ships/a281849...
        
               | goatinaboat wrote:
               | _may be wrong here, but the evidence seems overwhelming
               | based on usage. Diesel subs are for homeland defense
               | purpose_
               | 
               | AIP technology means non-nuclear subs still have lots of
               | uses. They can get closer in shore to gather signals
               | intelligence or drop off/pick up SF.
        
           | Xylakant wrote:
           | Nation states may just not be interested in exposing
           | information about their military capabilities for law
           | enforcement purposes.
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | This assumes, of course, that nation states would _want_ to
           | stop the submarines of drug cartels.
        
           | DVk6dqsfyx5i3ii wrote:
           | Judging from this anecdote it seems diesels subs can be
           | stealthier than nuclear ones[0].
           | 
           | [0] https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-
           | ships/a197847...
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | In many ways its harder to see something through water than
           | it is to see it through _rock_. Ground-penetrating microwave
           | radar can get through tens of meters of quartz but
           | centimeters of water. VLF and ULF penetrate 10-100x farther
           | through the ground than through seawater. The frequencies
           | that can penetrate more than a few hundred meters of water
           | are around the same as the ones powering your lights.
           | Antennas at those frequencies are _miles_ long. You need
           | special, non-conductive soils and bedrock to make them work.
           | In short it 's a real pain in the butt.
           | 
           | After 200 meters the ocean is practically opaque. Objects
           | much deeper than that are reflecting a handful of photons.
           | Below 500-1000 meters you're talking about photons per second
           | at the surface.
           | 
           | Water is one of a quite small number of general radiation
           | absorbers. To block alpha/beta/gamma radiation you need pure
           | density- more mass per volume to slow down high energy
           | particles. You can use heavy atoms like lead or uranium, or
           | very densely packed lighter atoms. Neutron radiation is
           | different- the actual number of atoms per volume is critical
           | to maximizing the number of scattering events. That means you
           | use things like polymers- hydrocarbons, so you have as many
           | small atoms (hydrogen) in a volume as possible. Water is one
           | of the denser liquids, while still being 11% hydrogen by
           | mass, vs 14% for pure polyethylene. That makes it quite good.
           | 
           | Even sound isn't great underwater, relatively speaking- being
           | a fluid in motion, there's a constantly-changing distortion
           | on everything. The thermal conductivity also means thermal
           | signatures spread out quickly.
        
             | mr_overalls wrote:
             | Water is a poor medium for photons, but a great one for
             | sound. That's why the US and other countries surveil the
             | seas with linked arrays of underwater microphones, i.e. the
             | Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS).
             | 
             | https://fas.org/irp/program/collect/iuss.htm
        
           | tgtweak wrote:
           | Small ones. Additionally, the military intelligence agencies
           | with access to spy satellites probably don't care about
           | blowing their cover or capabilities discovering makeshift
           | drug running submarines.
        
           | JulianMorrison wrote:
           | It's probably less about hiding and more about a needle in a
           | haystack. Narco subs are small.
        
         | kristianpaul wrote:
         | Oh sure, there caves and forests
        
         | partiallypro wrote:
         | But they do have a good idea as to the area it's in. It's just
         | very difficult to search such a wide area.
        
         | _trampeltier wrote:
         | Yes, that's sad. But on the other side it's strange, because I
         | did read, from at least one private company, they would have
         | every 20 Minutes pictures from the whole earth. And there are
         | several of such companys and many government agency who make
         | pictures nonstop. So I think there should be a pic from MH370
         | somewhere.
        
           | oji0hub wrote:
           | There may very well be, but intelligence agencies don't want
           | to expose their capabilities.
        
           | ORioN63 wrote:
           | Disclaimer: My opinion.
           | 
           | I am fairly sure, no one is taking pictures of the whole
           | earth, in 20 minutes intervals in a sufficiently high
           | resolution to pick out an airplane. Specially one, flying
           | over water.
           | 
           | For reference, ISS at its height ~400km, can see roughly 3%
           | of the Earth's surface. This is without any kind of lens.
           | 
           | If someone has any kind of evidence, showing it otherwise, it
           | would be great to see.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | vaguesortof wrote:
             | In a few years Blacksky should have a capability close to
             | what you're describing
        
             | FractalParadigm wrote:
             | Theoretically, if Starlink satellites had cameras of that
             | sort of caliber on-board, pointed down with wide enough
             | lenses, they could capture the entire planet continuously
             | and feed that data back down at close to real-time.
        
             | parsimo2010 wrote:
             | Nobody is going to offer evidence otherwise. Here's a quick
             | estimate for what you're talking about: the Earth is about
             | 500 trillion square meters of surface area. An image where
             | each pixel was a meter would be a 500,000 GP (gigapixel)
             | image. Even with impressive compression the downlink
             | requirements alone are insane, even ignoring all the other
             | issues that would have to be worked out.
             | 
             | The bottom line is that nobody is imaging the entire
             | surface of the Earth at any useful resolution daily (aside
             | from low resolution meteorological satellites). If you want
             | to track a plane you have to start with other means to then
             | point a camera and take an image.
             | 
             | There is a huge difference between a company that has
             | enough satellites in orbit to be able to take an image of -
             | _any requested_ area within 20 minutes, and a company that
             | can take an image of _all areas on Earth_ every 20 minutes.
             | MH370 is very unlikely to be captured in an image by
             | coincidence. If there is imagery of it during its last
             | flight then it would be because someone knew in advance
             | that something was going to happen (it seems unlikely that
             | anyone would have known).
        
       | Zenst wrote:
       | The whole aspect of facial recognition upon satellites will sure
       | open up some messy legal cases in the future I feel.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Or just another state that you have no legal recourse in doing
         | whatever they want.
         | 
         | How is your foreign social credit score anyway?
        
         | JulianMorrison wrote:
         | Faces no, as other people have said - except, what about
         | integrated systems that combine ground based CCTV with
         | satellites, or drones? You might only be able to see someone's
         | head and shoulders, but that's good enough to follow them as
         | they walk through a crowd, and you can use that to decide which
         | CCTV to use. Presuming it's all networked and accessible, but
         | that might be the case at some future point.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | I wonder how gait recognition from space would work, if it
           | all.
        
             | JulianMorrison wrote:
             | Feet would be single pixels if they were visible at all.
             | And they don't project much in front or behind when
             | walking.
        
         | james-bcn wrote:
         | Do you need facial recognition when nearly everyone carries a
         | mobile phone?
        
           | SamuelAdams wrote:
           | Not to mention RFID is being added to state ID's, driver's
           | licenses, and passports.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.dhs.gov/enhanced-drivers-licenses-what-are-
           | they
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | You mean the ones that can only be read from a few feet
             | away at most, and can be blocked by putting them in easily
             | accessible "rfid blocker" wallets?
        
               | deepgrave4 wrote:
               | How many people are out buying RFID wallets to protect
               | themselves from spy devices they don't know exist?
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | Unless something dramatic changes in the field of optics,
         | lenses and how to deal with atmospheric blur at those
         | distances, resolving features smaller than 15-20cm from low
         | earth orbit remains a low probability.
         | 
         | Take a look at some youtube videos of a Nikon P1000 at maximum
         | zoom looking through ordinary atmosphere at some distance away
         | for an example. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhQlwKX3LQA
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | Presumably, orientation is also an issue - satellites will
           | tend see tops of heads more than faces full on.
        
             | jl6 wrote:
             | The obvious solution: pivot face-recognition algorithms
             | into top-of-head-recognition algorithms.
        
               | yuliyp wrote:
               | People can comb their hair quite differently
        
           | IceWreck wrote:
           | > Take a look at some youtube videos of a Nikon P1000 at
           | maximum zoom looking through ordinary atmosphere at some
           | distance away for an example.
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhQlwKX3LQA
           | 
           | This is unbelievable.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | While that's an impressive zoom, the camera is moving
             | _much_ slower relative to the targets (~0km /s) than if it
             | were in even a low orbit. It's also imaging people at the
             | extent of its zoom at only a few km away. In orbit it would
             | be hundreds of km from its targets.
             | 
             | CubeSats and other small satellites can capture useful
             | imagery but they're not spy satellites. There's optical
             | limits to their capabilities because of their size.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | I think the more likely use is supplementing existing facial
           | recognition. Recognize a face on a security camera, then be
           | able to track their movements out and about after that.
           | Before, too, if you store the satellite footage.
           | 
           | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christianstork/spy-
           | plan..., but at scale.
        
             | walrus01 wrote:
             | Pattern of life analysis correlated with ground based
             | intelligence, where your car goes, where it usually parks
             | in the day and at night, etc. You would need a _lot_ of LEO
             | satellites to approach anything like persistent coverage,
             | however, current sun synchronous things have very long
             | revisit times for any particular site.
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | Also clouds kind of get in the way of anything optical -
               | unless it's a drone lower than the cloud level.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Atmospheric distortions are worse when looking horizontally
           | though the atmosphere (think marriage on the horizon).
           | 
           | It's also only the bottom few miles of atmosphere that is
           | really thick.
           | 
           | Looking vertically from 400km up, there actually isn't too
           | much distortion. The limiting factor is making high enough
           | quality lenses and getting enough light onto your sensor
           | without too much diffraction.
        
             | pintxo wrote:
             | But hard to get a face shot from a 90 deg angle, as people
             | tend to focus their attention on the ground rather the sky.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | If you need that you can send a drone though.
        
               | saberdancer wrote:
               | You don't need to look from 90 deg angle. Satellites
               | often times scan ahead/behind so they don't always scan
               | at 90 deg angle.
               | 
               | Look at this image that is probably from a spy satellite.
               | It's almost at 45 degree angle.
               | https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29634/trump-tweets-
               | int...
        
               | pintxo wrote:
               | The previous post argued that the influence of the air is
               | less severe looking straight down. If we now go back to
               | looking at an angle, we are back to square one, the
               | problem of distortion due to the amount of air between
               | the observer and the observed.
        
             | andreareina wrote:
             | If I'm running the numbers right, then using the Hubble's
             | maximum theoretic angular resolution of 2.8e-7 rad[1],
             | something 400km up would still not resolve features smaller
             | than 11.2cm. That's the absolute best, diffraction-limited
             | case. Don't know how close we are to that on real-world
             | optics.
             | 
             | [1] https://opentextbc.ca/universityphysicsv3openstax/chapt
             | er/ci...
        
               | Valgrim wrote:
               | There's probably a way to circumvent these limit by using
               | multiple satellites working together[1], combining images
               | to form a synthetic aperture[2], using an aperture
               | mask[3], or a combination of any or all of those.
               | Actually I'd be surprised if state-sponsored spy agencies
               | were not already using this.
               | 
               | [1]https://hypertelescope.org/project/hypertelescope-
               | space/
               | 
               | [2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_synthesis
               | 
               | [3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_masking_interfe
               | rometr...
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | Yeah. See https://what-if.xkcd.com/32/ for an existing
               | analysis.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | The highest resolution images we know are possible in theory
         | max out at around the 10cm level due to atmospheric effects. It
         | seems we can get quite close to this with the big spy
         | satellites the Hubble Space Telescope was based on. Fortunately
         | we have a really great example available to examine.
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/2019/08/30/755994591/president-trump-twe...
        
           | ramraj07 wrote:
           | The "theory max" is not that hardcoded, superresolution is a
           | field and we don't know what all they are up to with billions
           | to burn. There were reports at some point about high altitude
           | drones stationary above cities that can read license plate
           | level data (not license plates themselves) at video rates
           | over the entire city so who knows!
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
           | It's known that the latest spy satellites have some kind of
           | folding mirrors, and adaptive optics - things not being sci-
           | fi anymore for a few decades at least.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Ha! Satellite are so 1950's
        
       | nonameiguess wrote:
       | This is fundamentally wrong. I doubt the NGA is actually lying to
       | these writers and more likely just not saying anything and
       | leaving people to guess, but we have long had the ability to see
       | the entire earth and commercial imagery is still a tiny,
       | insignificant part of the national geointelligence enterprise
       | with capabilities dwarfed by the state-sponsored tech this writer
       | doesn't know about. Private companies gaining the ability to
       | track vessels that turned off their transponders is cute and all,
       | but this is not a new capability by any stretch.
        
         | splistud wrote:
         | The significance of the proliferation of such technology is
         | that there will actually be people and processes 'watching' the
         | screen. To my mind this is fundamentally different than the
         | knowledge that a few state actors had the capability but not
         | the manpower (or desire) to do so.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Sort of and sort of not. I keep typing up long comments all
           | over this post and then deleting them and I better just stay
           | away. I'm not at all comfortable pushing the limits of what I
           | can actually say without getting in trouble, even if it isn't
           | technically classified. If you mean data like this isn't
           | already being collected on every vessel on earth and
           | accessible from a terminal somewhere, that is incorrect.
           | Creating the system that does that was exactly my job five
           | years ago. If you mean the Navy largely doesn't care what
           | you're doing and isn't really paying attention if you're not
           | a drug runner, pirate, or state actor, then yes, that is
           | true.
        
           | closetohome wrote:
           | Exactly. Focusing on capability gives you a very myopic view
           | of the situation. Capabilities are a moving target, with very
           | few truly revolutionary leaps between the first film-based
           | spy satellites and whatever we've got today.
           | 
           | Proliferation is huge. I can buy a high-resolution satellite
           | photo of my neighbor's property _every day_ if I feel like
           | spending the money. That 's something that wouldn't have been
           | available at any cost a decade or two ago.
        
         | aerostable_slug wrote:
         | >commercial imagery is still a tiny, insignificant part of the
         | national geointelligence enterprise
         | 
         | This is a false statement.
         | 
         | Without getting into things that aren't talked about online, I
         | assure you that commercial imagery is regularly used in
         | .gov/.mil settings for a variety of purposes. This includes
         | gap-filling (both geographically and historically), the ability
         | to disseminate product widely without sanitization, etc.
         | There's nothing insignificant about its use.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | We may just disagree on what counts as significant for
           | whatever reason, but I have had direct access to the resource
           | management and capacity planning database of ADF-E and ADF-SW
           | showing exactly how many of each geointelligence product was
           | created and disseminated and for the RROC this included
           | products being created from commercial sources. To me, they
           | were not significant, but I understand this is not
           | necessarily the case at a tactical level, for many of the
           | reasons you're giving here like impracticality of downgrade
           | to a classification level that actually allows you to
           | disseminate to a forward-deployed commander only cleared for
           | Secret.
           | 
           | For MDA specifically, though, we cracked that nut and can
           | downgrade to the point we're just giving out pngs with no
           | evidence of where they came from.
        
       | williesleg wrote:
       | Oh, the economist, this should be good!
        
       | ble wrote:
       | Interesting that ships turning off their AIS transponders can
       | still be picked up from their radio or naval radar signals from
       | orbit.
       | 
       | It seemed a bit extreme that the single satellite RF detection
       | and localization technique referenced in the article would get
       | classified by the U.S. government -- it's presumably a beamformed
       | angle & doppler measurement going into a detection algorithm
       | which is aware of the motion of the satellite platform, which is
       | cute but not groundbreaking -- but at the same time it's probably
       | a very inexpensive technology for space-based surveillance of RF
       | emitters, which has obvious national security ramifications.
       | 
       | smallsat = cheap
       | 
       | cheap = affordable for smaller nation states
       | 
       | RF emitters = many military assets
        
       | ImprovedSilence wrote:
       | Paywalled?
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | I listen to the Arms Control Wonk Podcast and they often go into
       | open source analysis of North Korean or Saudi or whoever's
       | current projects based on finding test sites with pictures from
       | this sort of commercial satellite imagery. Recommend if you think
       | that sounds interesting.
       | 
       | https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/
        
         | phrotoma wrote:
         | That sounds interesting, are there specific episodes you could
         | suggest which dig into that topic?
        
           | zerkten wrote:
           | Wollo-Ri
           | (https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1209730/the-wollo-
           | ri...) is one episode, but their descriptions are helpful for
           | finding others.
        
       | known wrote:
       | https://archive.is/IerJ9
        
       | hnedeotes wrote:
       | "One day the magic was finally gone. There was no more wonder.
       | What before would make you question what sit beyond the veil, and
       | its impossibility in a linear universe, no longer did. Everything
       | was catalogued, every inch of soil, wrinkles around the corners
       | of your mouth, the reflection on your iris when you were happy,
       | or sad, circumstances you found yourself in. All of that had a
       | rational thread that could be followed back to the big silent
       | eye, data point by data point. There was nothing else to
       | question, no possibility of impossibles, of something unseen.
       | Just this never ending stream of letters that told you that's all
       | there is, all that you are"
        
         | hooande wrote:
         | pbronez had some great replies below. I wanted to add that more
         | data = more questions. The more we understand, the more we'll
         | have to find out and contextualize. There's more to exploration
         | than mapping
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | So, why do I like reading a story? It's already written. Yet
         | that fact doesn't suck out the joy.
        
           | hnedeotes wrote:
           | Unless someone spoils it out before you read it right?
        
             | folmar wrote:
             | There is a style of spoiler on the first page, for example
             | see Pharaoh by Boleslaw Prus where spoiler is literally the
             | first sentence.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | Most things worth reading aren't so plot focused that
             | merely knowing a bit of information about it destroys the
             | value.
        
             | NovaS1X wrote:
             | I don't think so. Reading a book or watching a show isn't
             | about the fastest route to a conclusion. To borrow a
             | phrase: it's the journey, not the destination.
             | 
             | IE: I'm watching The Crown right now. I've been "spoiled"
             | on the outcome of the show through simple history and
             | cultural knowledge (I'm Canadian). It doesn't make the show
             | any less enjoyable when I know that Diana is going to die,
             | or that Mountbatten was killed by the IRA.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | There's a different, maybe even better kind of enjoyment
               | from surprises (or non spoiled events) in my experience.
               | I won't watch any movie trailer or read a review so that
               | I go in as uninformed as possible.
        
               | NovaS1X wrote:
               | That's fair. There's also some stories/movies that are
               | absolutely critical to come into fresh. Shutter Island is
               | the first one that comes to mind.
        
             | meepmorp wrote:
             | Even if I know the destination well, I often still enjoy
             | the trip there.
        
             | npteljes wrote:
             | That kills a kind of a fun, but there are still others. Re-
             | reading an old favorite for example.
        
         | pbronez wrote:
         | This is poetic, but I don't think it's true. The world is too
         | complex to model perfectly. It's easy to feel like a digital
         | lens is the whole world, but it really, really isn't. Twitter
         | != Voters
         | 
         | The small sat revolution is a big deal, but much mystery &
         | magic remains.
        
           | scarecrowbob wrote:
           | Consider the impact that simply believing the relevant
           | portions of the world has been modeled "well enough".
           | 
           | If magic and mystery is the good thing, then simply feeling
           | like there's no place you can get to which hasn't been mapped
           | might be enough to choke off that feeling, regardless of the
           | resolution of the map.
        
             | jrlocke wrote:
             | Consider the things beyond this one planet. Surely we're
             | simply at an interregnum between two great ages of
             | exploration.
        
             | pbronez wrote:
             | Absolutely. It's self-fulfilling belief. If you believe
             | yourself to be trapped in an exhausted world, then you are.
             | It's usually better to choose an abundance mentality.
             | 
             | The idea that the world has been mapped to the point of
             | killing all mystery is ludicrous. The Map Is Not The
             | Territory[1].
             | 
             | There are mysteries lurking in your own neighborhood that
             | you won't notice until you traverse it in a new way. Go for
             | a walk with a child or dog. Take a bike instead of a car.
             | Use a wheelchair. Volunteer with local advocacy groups.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%E2%80%93territory_rel
             | ation
        
               | photojosh wrote:
               | > There are mysteries lurking in your own neighborhood
               | 
               | > Take a bike
               | 
               | I do this... and then I map my discoveries in
               | OpenStreetMap. I recently discovered OpenInfraMap [0] and
               | that inspired me to go find infrastructure that wasn't
               | mapped and add it too.
               | 
               | It works a little in reverse for me; I find a random
               | thing that isn't mapped well and use it as a motivator to
               | go explore it on bike or foot and then map it. I did this
               | for a bunch of local creeks... ran along it, fixed up the
               | errors, and then added all the individual ways to a
               | relation. A lot of places that are accessible by foot
               | only often aren't mapped, so I'll go explore a suburb and
               | find the unmapped paths that shorten foot routes. Making
               | the map better match the territory.
               | 
               | [0] https://openinframap.org/
        
               | test6554 wrote:
               | Imagine a world with so much mapped data that it too
               | needs explorers. Data recorded generations ago that has
               | never been observed by anyone to study it.
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | We live in such a world. It wouldn't surprise me if most
               | security camera footage is never seen by a human.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | Additionally, the increase in space access is increasing
               | the scope of humanity to well beyond the Earth. It may
               | seem ludicrous now, but the same tech that makes cheap
               | satellites possible will open up other worlds, in
               | particular the Moon and Mars.
        
               | colecut wrote:
               | "Imagination is more important than knowledge. For
               | knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand,
               | while imagination embraces the entire world, and all
               | there ever will be to know and understand."
               | 
               | -- Albert Einstein
               | 
               | With a little creativity we should never get bored.
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | > Consider the impact that simply believing the relevant
             | portions of the world has been modeled "well enough".
             | 
             | That is dangerous belief to those caught-out by the edge-
             | cases, especially seeing how actual humans lazily defer to,
             | and others defend "the (application) system": see any HN
             | thread on AI bias and/or Tesla Autopilots deficiencies.
        
             | sdht0 wrote:
             | I was just reading about the future space missions [0] to
             | the outer solar system already planned within the next
             | couple of decades.
             | 
             | "Whether it's Dragonfly going to Titan, Clipper going to
             | Europa, hopefully a lander going to Europa, hopefully a
             | mission that'll fly through the plumes of Enceladus, exo-
             | planets going gangbusters, SETI hopefully taking on a
             | broader and broader search and surveying those exo-planets.
             | Within the next few decades we could potentially answer
             | this primordial, age old question of, "Are we alone?" And
             | that's gonna revolutionize biology. It's gonna
             | revolutionize how we think about our place in the universe.
             | And so for all of the pains and agony of trying to operate
             | on these time scales, we do live in a beautiful time where
             | we might transform the universe in which we live into a
             | biological universe."
             | 
             | Along with the commercialization of space travel, I'd say
             | there is a sufficiently large part of this universe we are
             | yet to "touch" but soon will be able to.
             | 
             | I for one am tremendously excited about the future.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2020/04/13
             | /92-k...
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | More than 90 percent of all galactic systems are moving
               | away from us faster than speed of light. There is no way
               | we can ever reach them. The unreachable horizon is
               | capturing more and more of what we currently observe.
               | https://youtu.be/4iC9Qi3y9q8
        
           | TLightful wrote:
           | With respect. The small sat revolution is a load boll@cks.
           | 
           | Forgive me.
        
             | SonicScrub wrote:
             | Care to bring up any reasons why you believe the small sat
             | revolution is a load of bollocks? I work in this industry,
             | and can address questions or concerns that you may have.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | I'll bite. Assume every person put a small satellite into
               | orbit, just once. What problems do we have to overcome
               | for what payoff? What revolutionary change do we open the
               | door to?
               | 
               | Sat launch is at best an Engineering issue at this point.
               | More satellites open up avenues for more data collection
               | by well heeled interests, additional burdens on
               | municipalities when the bloody things deorbit, or worse,
               | if they don't. It already obstructs or complicates ground
               | based observation and launch/mission planning/tracking,
               | and adds excessive risk from debris based on current
               | propulsion methods.
               | 
               | It does nothing to advance the State of the Art in manned
               | spaceflight (one of the species more pressing
               | challenges), and it'll become costlier and costlier to
               | get common fuels for rocketry as demand spins down for
               | fossil fuels elsewhere.
               | 
               | I just guess I don't see the point in throwing more
               | autonomous junk into space beyond the minimum necessary
               | to get the job done, or to hyperfocus on any endeavor
               | that doesn't eventually culminate in people in space
               | self-sustainably.
               | 
               | Maybe I've spent too much time mired in Cost-Benefit
               | Analyses recently and it's killed my ability to dream and
               | imagine, but I just don't sea more passive satellites
               | doing what everything else up there already does, but
               | better and with a queue fixing anything; it'd be a boon
               | for launch companies I guess, but do you really need to
               | be in orbitt to solve half the problems people generally
               | throw mini-sats at? I'm not sure the answer is yes.
               | 
               | Love to hear your viewpoint though.
        
               | SonicScrub wrote:
               | I think you're downplaying the benefits of more small-
               | sats bring to multiple industries and giving too much
               | weight to certain negative side-effects.
               | 
               | For starters, let's address some of small-sat
               | applications. In you comment you said "I don't see the
               | point... beyond the minimum necessary to get the job
               | done". What job specifically are you referring to?
               | Navigation aids? Communications? Because "the job" that
               | can be handled by small-sats has near unlimited scope.
               | I'm sure you've already heard about LEO communication
               | constellations (such as Starlink) that are bringing
               | world-wide communication infrastructure. Communications
               | infrastructure is a pre-requisite for industrialization,
               | and can greatly assist with providing education to remote
               | areas. Both of these have the potential to lift many of
               | the global poor out of extreme poverty. Communications
               | infrastructure is something that is very easy to take for
               | granted living in a developed first world nation, but the
               | net benefit it provides to society cannot be understated.
               | 
               | People like to focus on the big extravagant projects
               | popularized by eccentric billionaires, but the CubeSat
               | space is filled with other valuable applications as well.
               | Here are some other industry applications that don't get
               | as much time in the spotlight:
               | 
               | - Resource management / surveying (logging, fishing,
               | mining etc)
               | 
               | - Poaching / illegal fishing detection and monitoring
               | 
               | - Data collection for weather / climate models
               | 
               | - Extreme weather forecasting / detection
               | 
               | - Forest fire monitoring / detection
               | 
               | - Space-based astronomy
               | 
               | - Agriculture monitoring
               | 
               | The above list won't directly impact your day-to-day like
               | the smart-phone revolution did, but that list indirectly
               | touches many aspects of our lives. So again, which "job"
               | are you referring to "getting the job done"? The list
               | above alone (even excluding the comms constellations)
               | could easily require 1000s of CubeSats. The interesting
               | thing about the CubeSat revolution is that because it's
               | so cheap to send something into space, every possible
               | niche is being explored as industry scrambles to carve
               | out their slice. This comment "but I just don't see more
               | passive satellites doing what everything else up there
               | already does" is not one at all shared within the
               | industry. The CubeSat revolution is doing things that
               | have never been done before. And is doing the things that
               | had been done previously cheaper, faster, and better.
               | 
               | Now let's talk about the downsides. The space junk and
               | Kessler Syndrome problem is typically brought up in the
               | context of the CubeSat revolution, but it is largely
               | misplaced. CubeSat applications typically require low-
               | earth orbit. In low-earth orbit, atmospheric drag is
               | sufficiently high that junked satellites de-orbit
               | naturally in reasonable time-frames. In addition, placing
               | these satellites into such a low orbit does not create
               | large amounts of junk during launch/insertion. In
               | addition, with space now accessible to more than just
               | government agencies, the appropriate regulatory
               | frameworks for managing space traffic / space junk are
               | being drawn up. The commercial benefits of open,
               | accessible space create huge incentives for governments
               | to manage these issues.
               | 
               | I also see you are disappointed that the CubeSat
               | revolution does nothing to advance manned space-flight. I
               | assure you; this is far from true. In the early days of
               | space exploration, space was very expensive. People focus
               | on launch costs, but it's much more than that. Supply
               | chains didn't exist. Nothing was mass manufactured.
               | Everything was custom made. This is changing. The space
               | economy of scale is ramping up, and government-led "for
               | the good of mankind" projects are directly benefiting.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | I swear people watch one highly dramatized movie and
               | think we're something in imminent danger of running out
               | of space up there. We certainly ain't, and it's not like
               | companies don't consider these issues.
        
               | spockz wrote:
               | I'm all for learning how to do space flight better and
               | getting all the regulations in place and getting
               | experience with space launches. The only thing that
               | worries me is whether we will end up in some situation
               | like we are now with plastics that appear everywhere in
               | our food supply chain and are a problem also because the
               | unknown unknowns.
               | 
               | Will we still be able to operate society when we rely so
               | much on all the services provided by These smaller
               | satellites and there is a solar flare. Indeed, what if
               | some event does trigger the Kessler Syndrome. Just like
               | see radiation from Fukushima show at the us west coast in
               | fish.
               | 
               | Will it be too late to do something with all the
               | knowledge we have gained?
        
               | SonicScrub wrote:
               | With the CubeSats revolution there aren't a lot of
               | unknown unknowns. The risks are clear, and the benefits
               | far outstrip them. Again, as mentioned above, Kessler
               | Syndrome is of little threat in the low earth orbit which
               | CubeSats operate in.
               | 
               | I don't really understand the argument that coming to
               | rely on CubeSats puts us at risk because they could be
               | damaged by a solar flare. And therefore we shouldn't reap
               | the benefits of this new technology? That line of
               | thinking is like rejecting the advancement of electricity
               | because we will be worse-off in the event of a power
               | outage. Sure, black-out incidents occur, and sometimes
               | (like the recent Texas outage) people are ill-prepared.
               | But how is choosing not to pursue electricity because of
               | black-out risk the better alternative? Surely benefiting
               | from the technology in the far more common scenario of
               | normal operation is better than not having it at all.
        
             | mrzimmerman wrote:
             | Do you mind elaborating?
        
           | 0xdeadbeefbabe wrote:
           | Like how do you make friends who can pay to put one into
           | orbit? Last I checked it was 100K.
        
           | unchocked wrote:
           | Indeed. I suspect it's generally true that the more you know,
           | the more questions you have.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | Sadly, I've felt this many times while traveling the world.
         | 
         | There's no place to "discover". Anywhere you go, tons of others
         | have been there before you. You can easily look up pictures on
         | Instagram or wherever.
        
           | gen220 wrote:
           | You might find this reading interesting:
           | https://rolfpotts.com/walker-percys-loss-creature/
           | 
           | In a nutshell, you can intentionally choose to prevent
           | others' perception of a place from spoiling your own. One
           | step further, you can even use their perception to enhance
           | your own experience.
           | 
           | You're standing in a place that your extremely distant
           | ancestors and cousins once stood, in a place where your
           | nieces and nephews and children might one day stand. You're
           | connected to the narrative of humanity.
           | 
           | The concept of "first" is a red herring in the narrative of
           | humanity. It carries a lot less meaning than our current
           | culture leads us to believe.
        
           | qntmfred wrote:
           | there's a highway interchange near my house with wooded area
           | between the entrance ramp and the highway about a half mile
           | long until they converge. every time I drive that stretch I
           | wonder to myself when was the last time a person spent any
           | significant time getting to know that plot of Earth.
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/maps/@35.8139424,-78.7400188,3a,75y,1.
           | ..
        
           | pmlnr wrote:
           | > There's no place to "discover".
           | 
           | hm. Here's a story: on our second visit to China, one of the
           | main targets was Mount Emei, which is a well-known tourist
           | hotspot. On the top, because of the buses and cable cars,
           | there were probably thousands of people - we couldn't see due
           | to the ridiculously thick fog.
           | 
           | And then we started to walk down. The shortest path down on
           | foot is ~50km stairs. We met roughly 10 people, including the
           | monks in the monastery we had to sleep midway.
           | 
           | Had there been people there before? Yes. Is it secluded? Yes.
           | Did it feel like a discovery? Yes. And I'd even count it as a
           | spiritual experience, despite the fact that we never really
           | left the civilization.
           | 
           | Another story: when we were in Uppsala, Sweden, we visited a
           | place called Norra Lunsen. The young lady in the ticket
           | office literally asked as why do we want to go to the middle
           | of nowhere - and indeed, we met a single person there.
           | 
           | The point to "discover" at our current stage of evolution -
           | in the sense of we can't yet travel across star systems or
           | galaxies - is not to go to places where no human has been
           | before, but to find places that give YOU a new experience.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | I lived in Uppsala for 10 years. Never heard of Norra
             | Lunsen.
        
               | pmlnr wrote:
               | https://www.uppsala.se/kultur-och-fritid/natur-parker-
               | och-fr...
        
           | ehosca wrote:
           | the 4/5ths is calling... https://www.bbc.com/news/science-
           | environment-53119686
        
           | browningstreet wrote:
           | Not sure I agree at all.
           | 
           | I like to go to places and rent an apartment for a few weeks.
           | Then discover your neighborhood. It's fun when you move, and
           | it's also fun when you vacation this way.
           | 
           | That said, I'm not out trying to discover a previously
           | undiscovered waterfall.
        
           | adflux wrote:
           | You have visited the wrong places, then.
           | 
           | Plenty of truly "unexplored" territory in e.g. the Amazon.
           | You can go off the beaten path if you choose.
        
           | hnedeotes wrote:
           | "Wherever you go, there you are" - Dude
        
             | hindsightbias wrote:
             | - Buckaroo Banzai, 1984
             | 
             | - Hazelton Collegian, 1955
             | 
             | - Thomas a Kempis, 1400 AD
             | 
             | https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/2018264052/1955-03-04/ed
             | -...
             | 
             | https://www.figmentfly.com/bb/popculture4.html
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | There are a lot of places in Siberia or Antarctica where no
           | man has ever been closer than 10km. You are welcome to visit.
           | But the trick is, there is nothing of real interest there. No
           | old temples (if there is a temple, you are certainly not
           | first there), no sculptures, no food or lodging. Being first
           | to discover some exotic island in the Pacific sounds
           | romantic, but in the reality it is far less glamorous. Just
           | rocks, trees, maybe some sand. The main object of travel are
           | people and other cultures, and this is the only meaningful
           | discovery one can make.
        
             | pomian wrote:
             | Except for discovery of self. If you are fortunate to get
             | to a spot where no "man" has trod, you can feel it. A
             | feeling of amazement, a surreal loneliness. It is awesome.
             | Are you afraid? Alone? Teeming world is just, over there.
             | Yet here are no ghosts. Empty of human soul. But, rich in
             | nature's soul. Wonderful, contemplative experience.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Some of my friends explore underwater caves. This is one of
           | the only remaining ways that an ordinary middle class person
           | can discover places that literally no one else has ever been.
        
             | qchris wrote:
             | I absolutely agree that cave diving is a way to get where
             | people have never been before, and to explore the
             | extraordinary.
             | 
             | But to remark on those people as "ordinary middle class" is
             | a bit misleading. I'd probably lean more towards
             | "extraordinary, and possibly middle class." Otherwise, I
             | think the appropriate label for any normal person doing
             | cave diving explorations is "dead."
             | 
             | (Not serious criticism, hopefully you read in a playful
             | tone)
        
           | OnACoffeeBreak wrote:
           | But the others were not there when you're there and certainly
           | not with your state of mind. The world is not static and
           | neither are you, which presents infinite possibilities for
           | unique experiences and perceptions.
        
           | gherkinnn wrote:
           | That's just so not true.
           | 
           | Few people are capable of *real* exploring anyway. Going
           | where no human has been before. Shackleton, Amundsen,
           | Mallory, Harrer, Bonatti, to name a few Euro-centric ones,
           | did so. To do what they did at that time was extraordinary
           | and way beyond any if our capabilities.
           | 
           | And what Insta calls an "Adventure" is merely a tightly
           | controlled and carefully crafted theme park visit. It's a
           | joke.
           | 
           | That said, any place is there for you to discover. Nobody
           | fucking cares if you visited the Grand Canyon or some fiery
           | hole in Iceland. And even less so if it has been trodden on
           | by humans yet.
           | 
           | All that matters is having a jolly time in an alien place,
           | detached from anybody's expectations. Don't chase the next
           | Insta spot.
           | 
           | Go early in the morning. Go in bad weather. Go off-season.
           | Take your time and the rest will reveal itself.
           | 
           | It's not that hard.
        
           | at-fates-hands wrote:
           | I'm actually quite the opposite.
           | 
           | With every day bringing more and more construction. Tearing
           | down of historically important buildings for new contemporary
           | condos and gentrification - cities have lost their soul to
           | me. Its not there's nothing new to discover, for me, its the
           | replacement of places people once _wanted_ to go to.
           | 
           | I actively seek out abandoned places now. I try and think
           | about what it was like when it was new, people bustling
           | about. Or that abandoned mansion. How did those people live?
           | Can I imagine what it was like to live in a huge house like
           | that?
           | 
           | We have such a disposable culture now - architecture
           | included, it has prompted me with a sense of nostalgia to
           | seek out what has been left behind and why.
           | 
           | Vice did an incredible job in their series "Abandoned":
           | https://vimeo.com/182703618
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | New Zealand and Hawaii are the most recent human settlements,
           | and those were more than 500 years ago. Anywhere else has
           | been home for somebody for millennia. You can't "discover"
           | somebody's home, but you can discover the creek around the
           | corner.
        
           | kaiwen1 wrote:
           | I often travel without a guidebook. To discover a temple
           | without a guidebook, and without having seen single source of
           | information on the location around it, that is real
           | discovery. Everything is unexpected, including finding that
           | temple. If you take this approach, you will inevitably depart
           | having missed many of the places listed in guidebooks. But so
           | too did the discoverers of the past who had no guidebooks.
           | You can't have it both ways. My advice is to forget the buck
           | lists. Just go experience a place. Stay awhile. Discover it
           | for yourself. And if you do have guidebook, travel to places
           | not mentioned. Far from having "no place to discover", the
           | world still has every place to discover.
        
           | ttfxxcc wrote:
           | This post is hilarious. You clearly have not gone exploring
           | if you limit yourself to what some travel guide tells you.
        
           | matonias wrote:
           | Experiencing a place is by far not comparable then just
           | looking at a picture. A picture teaches you one thing, an
           | experience 1000.
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | You could choose to visit a "place" that has a different
           | reason for being significant [1].
           | 
           | [1] http://confluence.org/
        
         | superzamp wrote:
         | Quoted from you, just now?
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | I just pasted it into my futureculture novel I'm going to not
           | finish in a decade or so.
        
             | dandellion wrote:
             | It could even be one of those gpt3-generated replies. It's
             | getting hard to tell these days...
        
         | mejutoco wrote:
         | This is a very interesting quote, thanks. If I understand
         | correctly, Even if a lot more data is available, because of
         | chaotic systems this causality of events cannot become totally
         | deterministic. Otherwise we could predict the weather
         | perfectly. I find it comforting, somebody else might too :)
        
         | mckirk wrote:
         | What is the source of that quote?
        
           | dandellion wrote:
           | I don't know the source, but it made me think of Gattaca. I
           | should probably re-watch it.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | Do you often recite paragraph length quotes without knowing
             | the source? Am I being gullible?
             | 
             | What a fascinating reply.
        
               | dandellion wrote:
               | I'm not the one who posted the paragraph, I don't know if
               | it's a quote from somewhere or something the grandparent
               | came up with, sorry.
        
               | zeepzeep wrote:
               | Check the username...
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | What's ironic is that the person who posted the quote
               | actually can't remember where it's from, their comment
               | saying so is, at this writing, one comment down.
        
           | hnedeotes wrote:
           | Can't remember where I read it.
        
           | adamdusty wrote:
           | Google turns up nothing on anything from that quote.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | Nah.
        
         | birriel wrote:
         | My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than
         | we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. -J.B.S. Haldane
        
         | jxramos wrote:
         | in other words no space for mysteries here.
        
       | csteubs wrote:
       | Revisit is getting better and satellites have an edge when it
       | comes to total coverage of the earth, but the 120,000 flights
       | around the world each day typically fly predictable routes at low
       | altitudes near urban centers (takeoff and landing). This presents
       | a massive opportunity to leverage all of that "free energy" and
       | use aircraft for earth observation. Coverage can be supplemented
       | with satellites, but revisit of aircraft is far greater for many
       | terrestrial locations.
       | 
       | 2x/day revisit for most of the world is probably sufficient for
       | the majority of use cases, but that assumes good weather (for
       | images). On the other hand, LAX for example sees hundreds of
       | takeoffs and landings each day, so if you were interested in
       | modeling retail foot traffic by parking lot volume, pace of urban
       | development, rate of containers moving in and out of port, etc.
       | you could get a massive boost in temporal resolution using
       | aircraft and far cheaper than launching + maintaining a satellite
       | constellation.
        
         | edrxty wrote:
         | Maybe, but aircraft tend to follow much stricter paths than one
         | would normally believe. Particularly around urban centers
         | (airports) they queue up and only really fly a few routes
         | through the area. On clear nights you can often see the lines
         | of nav and landing lights forming as aircraft approach the
         | city.
        
       | WhyKill wrote:
       | Underground. Under the sea. Under the ground under the sea.
       | Pfffft. The sun was already trying to kill you that's why living
       | underground is smart anyway. Frankly there should be no
       | expectation of privacy for things you can observe from space...
        
       | GnarfGnarf wrote:
       | Kessler syndrome here we come:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Human manufacturing seems to pollute everything. Plastic in the
         | bodies of water etc.
         | 
         | It's the tragedy of the unmanaged commons! People don't care
         | about exponential growth issues until it's a few seconds to
         | midnight. Except in the case of Kessler syndrome, it's even
         | worse because it grows AFTER you stopped.
         | 
         | Bitcoin mining electricity use is another big example.
        
         | ansible wrote:
         | I am worried about many things. And I think we are already in
         | serious trouble with regards to pollution and climate change.
         | 
         | For this one thing, spy satellites in low Earth orbit, I am not
         | so worried. Without active re-boosts, these orbits tend to
         | degrade quickly, and the junk gets dragged out on a relatively
         | quick timescale.
         | 
         | Medium orbits, however, can last a super long time, and junk up
         | there is a very serious concern.
         | 
         | BTW, as the average global temperature rises, the atmosphere
         | expands, which will degrade the orbits of the lower satellites
         | even quicker!
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | A lot of these are in orbits as low as possible to maximize
         | resolution. Orbital debris is less of a concern there because
         | it tends to de-orbit quickly. In contrast to SSO where debris
         | stick around like with that NOAA satellite just broke up.
         | 
         | https://spacenews.com/decommissioned-noaa-weather-satellite-...
        
       | ble wrote:
       | I see a few comments where people refer exclusively to satellite
       | imagery despite the fact that this story is about RF-detection
       | satellites.
       | 
       | Has Hacker News ever flirted with a "commenter did not read the
       | linked story / page but is pretending they did" vote feature?
       | There's obviously room for abuse even if it were limited to
       | "reputable" users but I would use it on some comments on this
       | item.
        
         | cj wrote:
         | From HN guidelines:
         | 
         | > Please don't comment on whether someone read an article. "Did
         | you even read the article? It mentions that" can be shortened
         | to "The article mentions that."
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | simlevesque wrote:
         | Those of us with over 500 karma can and do downvote. But right
         | now you can try to explain to them that they are wrong.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | I think that for a lot of regular commenters, it's more about
         | the discussion than the article that started it. Fealty to the
         | original content is secondary to conversation.
        
           | ble wrote:
           | I suppose you're right, though I'd call it less "fealty" and
           | more "relevance".
           | 
           | In this case, it looks like the discussion in the comments
           | flies to a subject that people feel they have familiarity
           | with (satellite imagery) instead of what is actually
           | contained in the article (satellite RF detection) and thus
           | the conversation on the article strongly suggests that the
           | community is _not_ assimilating any information from the
           | article.
           | 
           | I suppose I should be the "candle" and just talk about RF
           | detection rather than "cursing the darkness".
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Is there a good history of spy satellites anywhere? It ought to
       | be amazing - I remember watching Ice Station Zebra as a kid,
       | where super-spies fought to the death over a canister of film,
       | and now Google gives away better resolution photos.
       | 
       | The US downgraded moon photos to prevent Russians getting an idea
       | of the quality, Russian subs were analysed with one photo and a
       | scratch on the titanium plating. It would be great to see that
       | playing out - technology, analysis and politics shown together.
        
         | e12e wrote:
         | You might find the fictional novel "Zenith Angle" by Bruce
         | Sterling entertaining as well.
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | I had assumed that US missile infrastructure would be hidden in
         | Google Maps, but apparently not:
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/07/31/336847318...
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | Presumably for any military capability the US has that's well
           | known about, they probably have a backup plan less well known
           | about.
        
           | nindalf wrote:
           | I believe some US military bases are hidden on Google Maps.
           | But it's not an issue if you're trying to find them. You can
           | derive their location from soldiers doing laps around the
           | base and uploading their run data to Strava.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/28/fitness-
           | tracki...
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | That would require publishing a set of polygons covering all
           | of it: literally a directory. I'm not sure that's a great
           | idea.
        
           | implements wrote:
           | There's a treasure trove of related material on YouTube:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=minuteman+missi.
           | ..
        
             | cronix wrote:
             | My dad was a Capt. in the USAF in the mid 60's. He was
             | stationed at Minot AFB, ND., and launched a new test
             | Minuteman, but of course he didn't know it was a test at
             | the time he and his partner were ordered to turn their keys
             | during the height of the cold war with the Soviet Union. I
             | have a plaque with the key he turned (the teeth were filed
             | off though) along with a poster-sized color photo of the
             | missile coming out of the ground and his issued 38 special
             | S&W revolver. Since he was locked away underground with 1
             | other person for days at a time with no contact with the
             | outside world, I was wondering why they had guns. He said
             | it was in case your partner didn't turn their key after
             | ordered to do so...
             | 
             | One thing he got a kick of before he passed away, was using
             | google earth to check out the old base. He was surprised at
             | how much you could see.
        
               | neolog wrote:
               | Seems like that would reduce the effectiveness of having
               | two keys?
        
               | panzagl wrote:
               | Why not Minot?
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | This is due to arms control treaties. The ICBM bases and
           | other critical infrastructures can't be hidden, because the
           | other side needs to be able to verify with their own eyes
           | that you're complying with your part of the treaty, and vice-
           | versa.
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | As the Russian saying goes: _Trust, but verify_
        
         | CabSauce wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=scott+manley+sp...
         | 
         | Scott Manley does great, approachable space videos and has done
         | a few on spy satellites.
        
           | crmd wrote:
           | Scott's content is great. He's my second favorite[1] Scottish
           | technology YouTube channel.
           | 
           | [1] https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCtM5z2gkrGRuWd0JQMx76qA
        
         | black6 wrote:
         | You gotta do some digging through the archives at The Space
         | Review[0], but Dwayne Day has some outstanding articles over
         | there on NRO projects. Keywords to look for are HEXAGON and
         | NRO.
         | 
         | 0: https://www.thespacereview.com/archive.html
        
         | haldora wrote:
         | The nonfiction book Into the Black by Rowland White has a
         | portion about the Space Shuttle's use launching NRO satellites.
         | This is a fascinating use of the shuttle not many talk about.
        
         | pjmorris wrote:
         | It's about rocketry, but it winds up touching on spy satellites
         | more than i expected: 'This New Ocean', Burrows.
        
       | intrasight wrote:
       | Very excited to hear that they'll be able to track these bad
       | actors who are damaging the commons. Also VERY cool that they can
       | discriminate and therefore identify ships based on small
       | variations in the electronics even for a specific model of radio.
       | Also - curious how the French govt is going to keep this tech
       | under wraps.
        
         | edrxty wrote:
         | The author is a lay person, they're just trying to report what
         | they've been told. In reality, single satellite detection with
         | the described resolution is extremely simple and the tech has
         | been flying since the 60s. There isn't a lot of magic new tech
         | in RF, just advances in processing.
        
           | angry_octet wrote:
           | I wouldn't say that, track before detect for example. Also
           | multiple antenna synthetic aperture systems are almost magic.
        
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