[HN Gopher] Accused money launderers left a path of bankrupt fac...
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       Accused money launderers left a path of bankrupt factories
        
       Author : valkrieco
       Score  : 204 points
       Date   : 2021-04-24 11:45 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newsinteractive.post-gazette.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newsinteractive.post-gazette.com)
        
       | type0 wrote:
       | > After the evidence surfaced, lawyers for Mr. Kolomoisky pushed
       | to seal the information, which included 3,103 transactions by
       | Deutsche Bank ...
       | 
       | Somehow it wasn't surprising to see Deutsche being involved.
        
       | raincom wrote:
       | The scheme Ihor Kolomoisky perpetrated is very popular in the
       | third world countries. In India, for instance, many politicians
       | and industrialists take loans worth hundreds of millions of
       | dollars from the public banks for their supposed projects, then
       | funnel the loan funds to their personal coffers. Years down the
       | line, these public banks add these unpaid loans as "non
       | performing assets". The same public banks are very reluctant to
       | lend money to the average guy.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | Those probably aren't loans, they're semi-hidden bribes.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | It sounds more like a scheme to defraud banks.
           | 
           | An actual business with a factory is going to look like
           | pretty good collateral to a bank making a loan, but the bank
           | loses money on the loan when the company goes bankrupt. It's
           | not in the bank's interest to do this. But bank employees
           | could've been bribed, sure.
           | 
           | So this sounds like a form of "long firm fraud" or maybe
           | "control fraud." For more about it, I recommend reading
           | _Lying for Money: How Legendary Frauds Reveal the Workings of
           | Our World_.
           | 
           | (Not that I'm an expert; I just read a book.)
        
             | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
             | In case of Kolomoyski, he owned the bank he defrauded.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | I think gp's saying that the banks are in on it. ie. they
             | knew in advance that the loan was going to go bad, but that
             | was fine to them because they saw as a price of gaining
             | favor (bribe).
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | If the money comes from the bank, it's hard to see how
               | the bank (as a company) benefits from it. Maybe by
               | selling the loan?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | It could be some sort of scheme where the politicians
               | does some sort of favor for the bank, eg. expediting
               | their paperwork, awarding them contracts. However, as the
               | sibling commenter mentioned, it could also be that the
               | bank executives are abusing their position and taking all
               | the gains.
        
               | raincom wrote:
               | Banks don't benefit from these schemes. Nor do they sell
               | these loans to third parties either in bulk or in
               | tranches. In India, major banks are partly owned by the
               | government, even though these banks are listed on their
               | stock exchanges.
               | 
               | So, it is a form of collusion between bank executives and
               | powerful loanees. Who holds the bag? Usually the
               | government in the Indian case: for instance, Indian govt
               | has 61.23% ownership in State Bank of India, a large bank
               | in India. In India, many politicians are also businessmen
               | --real or fake; these people with dual masks (politician
               | and businessman) are so good at scamming the govt, banks,
               | public works contracts.
        
           | failwhaleshark wrote:
           | It's essentially embezzlement with complicity.
        
       | pupdogg wrote:
       | Great read! Aside from software development, I run a metal
       | fabrication shop where we purchase and process approx. 20k lbs of
       | steel and aluminum (monthly). Having been in the industry for the
       | past 10 years, I've always referred to all metal suppliers as
       | folks that deal with "funny money". There's no transparency in
       | pricing whatsoever. You can't easily lookup or guesstimate metals
       | prices without having core subject matter expertise that come
       | with experience. It might as well be called an undercover hedge
       | fund market with killer profits!
        
         | robk wrote:
         | Metalshub is working on this
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Matt Levine's jokes about the aluminum merry-go-round suddenly
         | acquire another dimension.
        
         | 55555 wrote:
         | Isn't the markup for a certain product basically it's weight
         | times the spot market price of the metal with an added constant
         | markup depending on how much more complex it is than a lump of
         | ore? I have no idea what I'm talking about but am interested..
         | Please elaborate!
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | Could you elaborate a bit more? I've always been interested in
         | the buying/selling of metal.
        
         | zafka wrote:
         | Are you getting better prices on feedstock as automobile
         | production slows?
        
       | crusty wrote:
       | I wish there were more details on the kind of money they were
       | able to pull out of this scheme. All of the dollar values in the
       | article refer to the amounts stolen in Ukraine, moved through
       | she'll companies, and used to purchase properties and businesses.
       | 
       | Traditionally, we hear about money laundering involving low-
       | overhead, cash-oriented businesses where money can be injected
       | and extracted by falsifying volume.
       | 
       | But these were large capital purchases into an industry in
       | destress with numerous facets of regulatory exposure, from the
       | industry's risk to the environment and the high potential safety
       | risks for workers to the special status of the industry to
       | national security - it invites scrutiny of lots of alphabet
       | agencies, especially if your scheme involves ignoring all of
       | their requirements to juice profits.
       | 
       | This leads me to believe the "masterminds" only ever saw it as a
       | short-term play, so back to my original bewilderment, how much
       | were they able to extract in just several years compared to the
       | large upfront costs? And were they skimming so much from neglect
       | that it wouldn't have been worth it just to run these as
       | legitimate, sustainable businesses?
       | 
       | I wonder if the had just maintained these steel facilities and
       | avoided the safety and environmental problems, and made it into
       | Trump's presidency intact, would they have just been able to sell
       | them off high on the back of Trump's protectionist, domestic
       | steel revival rhetoric and made a killing and be sitting pretty
       | today, given that all the legal pressure on them for this is from
       | the US and they seem to have already been given a pass for
       | stealing $5.5 billion in Ukraine from Ukraine.
        
         | crusty wrote:
         | Other comments point to the scheme using the asset purchased
         | with stolen money as collateral for a loan that the bank is
         | left with in a much depreciated state. That would make the
         | ongoing extraction of profits is irrelevant. My alternate set
         | of questions about this loan fraud scheme are in a different
         | comment. Ha.
         | 
         | And I don't really get how that "launders" the money trail. The
         | only point at which the transfers of funds seem murky is when
         | they go through the she'll companies in the BVI.
         | 
         | This feels like the makings of a great article that some editor
         | said, "write up what you have, we're just going to publish it
         | and move you onto something else." There are just so many
         | things unexplained or unexplored.
        
       | alfl wrote:
       | Canada has a huge money laundering problem (source: my company
       | makes anti money laundering tech).
       | 
       | Interesting how the article shows how this translates to
       | destruction of capital assets and, eventually, people. That's not
       | necessarily clear otherwise.
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | The missing simple description in the article is:
         | 
         | Launderers with tainted money buy struggling businesses that
         | have large assets as collateral for loans, and then walk away
         | with the loan. It leaves the bank holding the asset to be sold
         | off.
         | 
         | From the launderer's value at risk perspective, $10m in dirty
         | money is worth probably $5m or less clean, because if you taxed
         | that $10m and did all the fees, and then there is the risk of
         | being caught for the crime that generated it, 50% free and
         | clear seems pretty good.
         | 
         | The more I learn about the investment business, the more I
         | think it's like crime without the violence. The money
         | laundering problem in Canada is most obvious by the oversupply
         | of certain retail businesses, but there are other scams I see
         | on investment prospectuses more often than seems normal. The
         | two problems I think is a lot of the launderers are politically
         | connected, so there is no scrutiny, and even if leadership did
         | something, it would only be to put even more of a burden on law
         | abiding businesses.
         | 
         | Imo, complex laws and regulations only affect the people who
         | follow them, and they reward corruption.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | I don't know about Canadian laws, but in the United States we
         | let foreigners buy real estate with a phone call, or email.
         | 
         | So basically we let foreigners buy our land.
         | 
         | They can't live in the house/building, but they control the
         | people whom do.
         | 
         | We make it difficult for hard working Americans to buy a home,
         | but let foreigners scoop it up with funny money?
         | 
         | This has bothered me for years. Especially when it's not easy
         | for Americans to buy foreign land.
         | 
         | (Supposedly the government asks about the origin of the wealth
         | before the sale now, but in my county (Marin County) it looks
         | fishy. I have neighbors who don't speak a lick of english, but
         | are living in mansions. My gripe isn't cultural. I just have
         | doubts on the origin of the cash they buy houses/land/buildings
         | with.)
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | If you're buying land in the US with a phone call or email,
           | you are probably dealing with sufficient money to acquire an
           | EB-5 Visa, so they can live in the US.
           | 
           | Although, they did just increase investment amounts to $1.8M
           | (and $900k for economically disadvantaged areas) from
           | $1M/$500k, so the bar did get higher.
           | 
           | https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-
           | states/permanent...
        
           | hippich wrote:
           | Isn't there like 30% immediate tax that is required to be
           | withheld by the agent and then later buyer is responsible to
           | file a return to attempt to get that money back? I am sure
           | some do, but for the rest - it looks like it is a price paid
           | to the USA for the privilege of owning real estate there.
        
         | spurdoman77 wrote:
         | Probably all wealthy countries are big destinations for dirty
         | money. Wouldnt make sense to bring dirty money to poor country
         | because there it would attract more attention.
        
       | bluetomcat wrote:
       | This is not an isolated case in the post-soviet space. The
       | general pattern is - squeeze lots of money domestically via your
       | privileged position of operating whole key sectors of the
       | national economy and spend them comfortably abroad. Everything
       | from banks through insurance companies through delivery companies
       | to media groups is owned by people formerly involved with state
       | security. It's an exclusive social network in which political
       | decisions and private economic interests are tightly coordinated.
       | 
       | The worrying thing is that the West gave international legitimacy
       | to these wealthy elites, while only pointing fingers at the
       | endemic corruption in their countries.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | That's not so different from how the European noble families
         | established their privileged positions centuries ago. It's just
         | that they were military leaders rather than state security
         | officers.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | The West gave legitimacy to this because it's own elites do the
         | same thing with monopoly enterprises. Microsoft did it with
         | OSs, Google with search, Telecoms expanding from wired phones,
         | to wireless, now to entertainment media ownership, etc...
         | Though perhaps the private equity companies come closest to the
         | methods of operation described in the article.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | It's not just 'post Soviet' it's also 'current Rest of World'.
         | 
         | Business outside of 'established rich places' may often include
         | huge sums for bribery and that money comes back in many ways,
         | including 'very expensive real estate in NY / London' etc. and
         | Dubai is becoming a major centre of such activity. [1]
         | 
         | The question is, how long can Dubai balance it's claims to
         | legitimacy and integrity, while at the same time looking the
         | other way? Will nascent powers like India and China even care?
         | It's going to be an interesting next 50 years.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.transparency.org/en/news/the-united-arab-
         | emirate...
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > The worrying thing is that the West gave international
         | legitimacy to these wealthy elites, while only pointing fingers
         | at the endemic corruption in their countries.
         | 
         | The whole Western commitment to anticorruption is on display on
         | Mayfair street in London.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Oh, you mean the part of town where an apartment is so
           | expensive that it is out of reach even to London bankers?
        
             | nick_kline wrote:
             | Can give some more context about this situation? A web
             | search didn't find the obvious answer, other than it was an
             | expensive area.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | It's like a half of Russian mafia owns mansions there,
               | right in the open, laughing in the face of UK courts, and
               | its money laundering laws.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | pinkybanana wrote:
         | > The worrying thing is that the West gave international
         | legitimacy to these wealthy elites, while only pointing fingers
         | at the endemic corruption in their countries.
         | 
         | Wouldn't it be quite difficult to prevent foreign money being
         | laundered in some other country? I would guess verifying
         | whether the money is legit coming from some weird foreign
         | jurisdictions is probably quite difficult. The only way to work
         | around that would probably reject all customers who are sending
         | money from there.
        
           | bluetomcat wrote:
           | Those oligarchs are a tiny minority of the country population
           | and their international financial endeavours are almost
           | always tracked by Western intelligence agencies, but the
           | pragmatic interest of the West is to welcome that money. They
           | buy the most expensive real estate in London without even
           | negotiating, send their kids to elite schools, buy their
           | wifes jewellery at outrageous prices.
        
         | kjrose wrote:
         | This. And the problem I've found is whenever anyone gets to a
         | position that could legitimately deal with this issue, they
         | become either compromised or they become involved themselves in
         | the situation.
         | 
         | Basically there's another very rich black market that won't be
         | stopped easily.
        
           | hourislate wrote:
           | >And the problem I've found is whenever anyone gets to a
           | position that could legitimately deal with this issue, they
           | become either compromised or they become involved themselves
           | 
           | In Post Soviet Countries challenging the Oligarchs is like
           | asking for a death sentence. What is required is a Western
           | effort to go after these Crooks helping the elected
           | Government to implement a system that can be trusted.
        
             | LudwigNagasena wrote:
             | No western country would do anything that helps solving the
             | problem because they benefit from the situation.
        
             | imagica wrote:
             | All what it takes is to digitize the whole infrastructure
             | and make transparent all the public spending with details
             | of details of the details all the way down to where the
             | money currently is, all that is including large loans.
             | Public spending? No privacy whatsoever, no hidden
             | transactions nor business trading behind curtains.
             | Oligarchs buy popular support as well, they own televisions
             | themselves to manipulate local politics, but with detailed
             | accounting all that could potentially be stopped. Of course
             | the efforts to implement these would be gargantuan because
             | they would fight back.
        
               | seer wrote:
               | As a software dev in one of the Ex soviet block
               | countries, I've heard several tales of accounting
               | software projects being canceled because they would
               | reveal inconvenient truths.
               | 
               | A good friend of mine once worked for a small software
               | shop that was building some accounting software for power
               | plants. When the project was almost done, the mafia guys
               | in charge were reviewing it. The realized that if it was
               | actually used, it would be waaay to revealing. The
               | project got canceled immediately. With a clause to "stay
               | quiet or else"...
               | 
               | And a couple of years back the government was trying to
               | "crack down" on the gray economy. They released an app,
               | that you could scan a receipt (from grocery shops,
               | restaurants, everywhere really) and verify that the
               | establishment has indeed paid its tax and has registered
               | the transaction with the tax office.
               | 
               | However people "in the know" got access to a special api.
               | When the verification is taking place there is actually a
               | web hook being sent, which you can register for. And pay
               | your tax "on demand" only when someone actually wants to
               | verify it.
               | 
               | As far as I am aware this system is still in place
               | today... Though its too esoteric to explain to the public
               | so nobody really cares it seams. The public is like "sure
               | government is crooked, like what else is new" :(
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | > digitize the whole infrastructure and make transparent
               | all the public spending with details of details of the
               | details all the way down to where the money currently is,
               | all that is including large loans.
               | 
               | This is a use case for Bitcoin/crypto I hadn't previously
               | thought of. The public auditability is exactly the reason
               | I don't think it's good for citizen use cases, but it
               | seems perfect for government use cases. There's an issue
               | of how revenues get accurately added to the ledger, but
               | tying a transaction to say an ID generated when a return
               | is submitted would make it possible to track one's own
               | payment.
        
               | jszymborski wrote:
               | I don't think the problem is that people don't know _who_
               | the problem is.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | People know who the problem is.
               | 
               | The thing is, if you want to do something about them,
               | you're going to need to use a lot of violence - because
               | those people will happily use violence against you.
               | 
               | Most people aren't interested in a starting a war, and
               | would rather keep their heads down, and mind their own
               | business.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | You'd be surprised how much manipulation is taking place
               | through local television and even social media. Local
               | support is needed for elections, different politicians
               | threat their existence..
        
         | murkt wrote:
         | > Everything from banks through insurance companies through
         | delivery companies to media groups is owned by people formerly
         | involved with state security.
         | 
         | Not the case with Kolomoisky, who was not involved with state
         | security. Generally, Ukrainian oligarchs do not come from state
         | security background.
        
           | bluetomcat wrote:
           | From a Bulgarian perspective what I've said holds true. The
           | oligarchs themselves were often picked from prominent
           | nomenklatura families and in spite of not having a background
           | as state security officers, were largely kept responsible for
           | their actions by them. The state security officers had all
           | the information about trade routes, information about all
           | state enterprises and their financial status, etc.
        
             | mobilio wrote:
             | or having relatives to BKP
        
           | bitL wrote:
           | Wasn't Kolomoisky one of the oligarchs that backed the
           | overthrow of the previous pro-Russian government as well as
           | financed the current president of Ukraine? I am wondering
           | what went wrong for him with the US, was it just Trump in
           | power instead of a more friendly politician?
        
             | crusty wrote:
             | It seems like this scheme was unraveling before Trump came
             | into office. If it hadn't been, Trump may have proved to be
             | good for him, in driving renewed optimism for domestic
             | steel production and simultaneously stripping regulatory
             | bodies like the EPA of oversight and enforcement capacity.
             | 
             | That this scheme was even considered seems like a more
             | general enddictment of the history of US corporate and
             | industrial regulatory oversight... Just put it on the wall
             | next to the SEC and Wall Street, with highlights on Bernie
             | Madoff and the subprime mortgage crisis.
        
           | helge9210 wrote:
           | > Generally, Ukrainian oligarchs do not come from state
           | security background.
           | 
           | Kolomoyskyi is just a smart shark without security or
           | criminal background, Akhmetov has criminal background
           | (Donetsk region), Pinchuk is related to former President
           | Kuchma (indirect Communist party background), Poroshenko has
           | Communist party background, Firtash is a frontman for
           | criminal organization (mastermind fled from Hungary to
           | Moscow).
        
           | kgeist wrote:
           | Russian oligarchs generally don't come from state security
           | background either. I don't where the OP got that from.
        
             | avrionov wrote:
             | It seems that he was referring to the Bulgarian oligarchs.
             | Some of the early ones were part of the security services
             | or were married to a family members who were involved in
             | security.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilia_Pavlov
        
       | bullen wrote:
       | Is it only me or is Cyprus and Ukraine in the wrong spot on the
       | map about a quarter down? Nitpicking but Cyprus is not in China
       | and Ukraine is not Mongolia.
        
         | atdrummond wrote:
         | Can you share a picture? The map is fine on mine.
        
           | bullen wrote:
           | Ok, that explains it... I'm on 5:4 screen... they made it for
           | widescreen! :D
        
         | rory wrote:
         | I see an animation where they start in the right place, but
         | then the focus countries zoom in, while the world map remains
         | the same, putting them in Asia. The should probably have faded
         | out the world map when zooming in.
        
       | exogeny wrote:
       | This is somewhat unrelated to the story, but I am happy and proud
       | of the Post-Gazette for digging into this. The PG is my hometown
       | newspaper -- although I haven't lived in Pittsburgh for fifteen
       | years, it's still home -- and they like most newspapers have been
       | absolutely gutted by layoffs and piss-poor management. You might
       | recall a controversy a few years ago about their firing of the
       | political cartoonist because he refused to be pro-Trump as the
       | owners wished.
       | 
       | Local news is critical for reasons I hope I don't need to explain
       | here, as are investigative departments that dig in deep and
       | uncover things like this. The PG (IIRC) got a Pulitzer for their
       | work on the Penn State/Jerry Sandusky scandal some years back and
       | it makes me proud to see them still doings like this, the Block
       | family be damned.
        
         | jtsuken wrote:
         | This specific article is terribly written, however. I've spend
         | over 5min trying to get the gist of the story. Which seems to
         | be: A business owner with a background in oil and metals asked
         | the bank he owned to fund levereged-buy-outs of rundown US
         | steel factories, some of which had accidents, some of which
         | later shut down. DOJ and the prosecutors in Ukraine investigate
         | if the schemes used in the process of take-over could be
         | fraudulent.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | This story has been covered many times, the unique bit is
           | interviewing the steelworkers.
        
             | jtsuken wrote:
             | Which is exactly my point, the article and the clickbaity
             | headline sound like a detailed report about a newly
             | uncovered scheme, but there is actually very little
             | information about what happened.
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | Greatly informative piece about shady characters laundering money
       | in the US at a pretty large scale by investing in, or outright
       | buying, struggling US businesses such as steel mills.
       | 
       | Managers and employees think they're getting a lifeline. In
       | reality they're getting a new owner who cares very little about
       | the long-term health of the operation and the safety and well-
       | being of its employees.
       | 
       | The new owner will use financial engineering to extract as much
       | cash as possible while cutting capital expenditures as much as
       | possible. Eventually, the business will have no choice but to
       | file for bankruptcy. Along the way, all cash paid out of the
       | business will have been legitimized.
       | 
       | Employees and towns suffer the consequences. Ugly and sad.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | So, if they're from a former soviet republic, we call they
         | shady characters and the process money laundering; if they're
         | from the US, we call them private capital and the process
         | leveraged buyout.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | That's why they set up the British Virgin Islands private
           | equity fund
           | 
           | Because it is indistinguishable
           | 
           | UK territories (or whatever you want to call them) don't have
           | the geopolitical baggage that larger economic unions do, so
           | they are good intermediaries with laws that are more relevant
           | for business in the 21st century
        
           | tehodler wrote:
           | Hostile takeover > leveraged buyout > private equity. They
           | keep changing the name once people catch on to what a dirty
           | business it is.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Yes and Russian billionaires are "oligarchs" while American
           | billionaires are "businessmen".
           | 
           | https://fair.org/home/russia-has-oligarchs-the-us-has-
           | busine...
        
         | pinkybanana wrote:
         | I would guess that if you are laundering money, launderer would
         | happily spend extra money on safety and other issues to prevent
         | getting too much attention. Here the case sounds like if the
         | laundering oligarch hadn't been stingy on those things he
         | wouldn't have gotten caught.
        
           | dazc wrote:
           | Maybe this is happening already and we don't know because
           | some other oligarch is not being stingy?
           | 
           | Welcome to London.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | of course it is happening
             | 
             | people think "money laundering" is hard or impossible and
             | will point to articles like this one as "see they got
             | caught"
             | 
             | it is completely unfalsifiable when the reality is that
             | money is fungible and it is a complete waste of resources
             | to try to enforce a whitelist
             | 
             | it isn't necessary to have no evidence of the money, but
             | that is also possible too but wasnt necessary here or in
             | most areas of reintegration
             | 
             | the whole economy has practically no separation from licit
             | and illicit sources and they routinely traverse back and
             | forth
        
               | intricatedetail wrote:
               | That's why central banks start working on crypto and
               | China even plans to introduce money with expiry date.
        
           | extropy wrote:
           | Or the money was spent in buying the factory and what happens
           | after is just extraction.
           | 
           | Speculation being that investments in economy are perceived
           | as a very good thing and the origin of the money is not
           | checked that tightly.
        
       | seibelj wrote:
       | This is another reason why I like cryptocurrency, specifically
       | bitcoin. These shenanigans are enabled at the core through the
       | ability to print money via a central bank. The central bank is
       | corrupt, they give money effectively straight to those connected,
       | who use the new money to buy foreign assets as well as extremely
       | complex schemes to loot their country. With a universal money
       | unit that cannot be corrupted, you eliminate a lot of this
       | nonsense.
        
         | yowlingcat wrote:
         | I don't think BTC doesn't make the messy people problems any
         | easier. That doesn't mean it's without value -- I do think
         | there is some incompressible utility to having a globally
         | decentralized "universal money unit" as you say. But that's no
         | shortcut to curing socioeconomic corruption.
        
       | throwaway98797 wrote:
       | This is hard to follow.
       | 
       | Were the factories profitable? If not seems like the money
       | benifited the employees. Looks like the front line employees got
       | hurt and the community but every other employee made off with
       | dirty money.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | The factories (and businesses) are used as collateral to get
         | loans from banks. The banks are getting defrauded when the
         | company goes bankrupt and the loan isn't repaid. The injured
         | workers are collateral damage.
         | 
         | If they got away with it then it would just look like a normal
         | bankruptcy. Extracting the money already happened with more or
         | less legitimate-looking business expenses.
        
           | crusty wrote:
           | I would love to see dollar values or ratios and the timing on
           | this type of scheme.
           | 
           | If they pay $80 million in "cash" for a steel plant and then
           | turn around and ask a legitimate bank for a loan with the
           | plant as collateral, how much can they realistically get for
           | the loan? Any amount is going to be a lot and the lender is
           | assuming that risk, so one would think that due diligence
           | would consider the unique depreciation that could occur in an
           | asset that requires massive maintenance inputs to maintain
           | sustainable operability and hold it's capital value, and that
           | they would build in some contractual mechanism to monitor the
           | value of the asset and enforce it's upkeep.
           | 
           | Even a car dealerships does this with leased vehicles to
           | ensure that the value of the car they get back at the end of
           | the lease matches their projections closely enough that they
           | can sell it off again.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | When laundering money, "clean" money is worth more to them
             | than "dirty" money, so substantial losses would be part of
             | the plan.
             | 
             | And yes, banks try not to be defrauded. "Due diligence" is
             | about catching problems like this or at least reducing them
             | to manageable levels.
             | 
             | But I don't know the details; I just read a book about
             | fraud.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > The factories (and businesses) are used as collateral to
           | get loans from banks. The banks are getting defrauded when
           | the company goes bankrupt and the loan isn't repaid.
           | 
           | Defrauded? This is the entire concept of collateral.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Not when the book value of the collateral bears as much
             | resemblance to reality as that Spanish old lady's shoddy
             | restoration job of that Jesus fresco.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It's the bank's job to do proper due diligence and
               | perform a good appraisal.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Yes, and preventing fraud is why they do that, and
               | sometimes, the due diligence isn't good enough.
               | 
               | In this case, though, apparently the bank was in on it.
        
       | ed25519FUUU wrote:
       | So is Ukraine basically the playground where all of the worlds
       | corrupt elite steal millions?
       | 
       | I recall a certain person being hesitant to send US tax dollars
       | there because of corruption concerns.
        
         | crusty wrote:
         | > "I recall a certain person being hesitant to send US tax
         | dollars there because of corruption concerns."
         | 
         | I think you meant IIRC, but the C is the problem. That certain
         | person had no problem with corruption in Ukraine, it was just
         | that he needed some of it's corruption to act in his favor
         | first.
         | 
         | And the jump from the article to "So is Ukraine basically the
         | playground where all of the worlds corrupt elite steal
         | millions?" Is a little (not a little) broad. It's a former
         | Soviet bloc state and this is pretty much table-stakes
         | corruption for those.
        
         | bumbada wrote:
         | I had a girlfriend that was from Ukraine and visited the
         | country in summer.
         | 
         | Ukraine has probably the most fertile soil in the world. Like
         | Egypt it has fed Europe and then Russia for a long time.
         | 
         | It is also one of the most corrupt countries in the world, like
         | Russia and China.
         | 
         | Most Westerners just can not imagine what corruption is at
         | those levels. For decades the grain was put into trains and
         | half the grain had "disappeared" in destiny. This happens at
         | all levels.
         | 
         | Nobody goes there to help the country. Like lots of countries
         | in Africa the big guys (Russia or EU, or USA) go there to
         | plunder the country. It is too rich and too strategic.
         | 
         | It is also the playground for big countries to fight. Instead
         | of fighting WWIII and fucking the entire world with radioactive
         | waste, the big guys play on playgrounds like Ukraine their
         | power games.
         | 
         | The US does not want Europe to dismantle NATO after it is not
         | necessary anymore where Europe can arm itself. It also does not
         | want Europe and Asia to integrate further because that means
         | the end of USA hegemony in the world.
         | 
         | Also the military industrial complex in the US needs a reason
         | to exist. If threats do not exist, they will create them in
         | order to survive or "their money" will be redirected to things
         | like social welfare. Americans need to feel unsafe all the time
         | so they agree to pay for new weapons in new taxes.
         | 
         | UE wants to expand to get the wealth of Ukraine resources and
         | Russia does not want to lose them.
         | 
         | That is very bad for Ukraine. The people that can, like my ex
         | girlfriend, just leave the country.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/Iq3zy
        
       | [deleted]
        
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