[HN Gopher] Subsidiary of Toyota to acquire Lyft's self-driving ...
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       Subsidiary of Toyota to acquire Lyft's self-driving car division
        
       Author : bsilvereagle
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2021-04-26 20:06 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (investor.lyft.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (investor.lyft.com)
        
       | mNovak wrote:
       | In the end this makes sense; an actual car company is much better
       | positioned to actually profit from marginal improvements in self-
       | driving (read: safety improvements) year over year, rather than
       | wait for the windfall of FSD taxi service at some unknown point
       | in the future.
        
       | joshuawright11 wrote:
       | 100m a year, 0 roi expense gone. Also no more shared rides due to
       | COVID (which I expect will never come back to Uber or Lyft since
       | they were gigantic money sinks). Assuming ridership is bouncing
       | back from COVID I wouldn't be surprised if their first profitable
       | quarter was this year.
        
         | petra wrote:
         | Why we're shared rides such gigantic money sinks ?
         | 
         | In theory at least, it can just be some algorithm and some
         | screen space on the app.
        
           | darkwizard42 wrote:
           | I can try to explain:
           | 
           | - Ideally in a shared ride what happens is that instead of 2
           | drivers, driving 12 miles for passenger A and 14 miles for
           | passenger B, you have 1 driver who drives 15 miles for both
           | passengers trips.
           | 
           | - So 1 driver to pay who is now more efficient, and 2 paying
           | customers. You charge each customer X% less, pay the driver
           | Y% more, and theoretically you could keep your margin the
           | same but now fulfill more rides (another driver is free now
           | that you put two rides in 1 car)
           | 
           | - However, now let's consider how much cheaper it can really
           | be...
           | 
           | - Sharing a ride for a cheaper cost makes sense when you and
           | the person you share with have a generally overlapping route.
           | The discount you get as a customer is a function of how
           | likely you are to get matched with someone.
           | 
           | - Turns out there aren't a lot of rides with good overlap
           | (airport rides might be the best type of ride tbh). Thus the
           | discount is quite small. If the discount is small it means
           | you have less people using it. Less people using it makes the
           | discount even smaller! Eventually you have no discount and no
           | incentive to use the service.
           | 
           | - To keep users incentivized to use the shared mode, Lyft and
           | Uber have to subsidize the pricing to make sure that match
           | rate stays high. Every "shared" mode ride that has only 1
           | person in it is a big loss, but incentivizing more people to
           | use it can result in a smaller net loss across the
           | marketplace
        
         | shaoonb wrote:
         | Uber and Uberlikes are doing fine here in New Zealand. As long
         | as they can pump money into/scam drivers into being cheaper
         | than taxis they will keep market share.
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | Score on the acquisition bingo card for the phrase "incredible
       | journey"!
        
       | minimaxir wrote:
       | Funny in hindsight from 2016: "Lyft's president says 'majority'
       | of rides will be in self-driving cars by 2021"
       | 
       | https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/18/12944506/lyft-self-drivin...
       | 
       | https://medium.com/@johnzimmer/the-third-transportation-revo...
        
         | plank_time wrote:
         | I saw Levandowski do a presentation of self-driving at an Uber
         | all-hands and it was then and there that I knew that self-
         | driving is 20+ years away.
         | 
         | The example video showed so many small things that we take for
         | granted as a human driver that would need to be built in or
         | hand coded that AI or neural nets would never be able to get.
         | There just isn't a way that you can train every single little
         | thing that could cause an accident. For some things you just
         | need experience and fear which I imagine can't be modeled via
         | any current AI.
        
         | andyxor wrote:
         | nothing new here, AI has been "5 years away" since the 1950s
        
           | bhk wrote:
           | It was 20 years away for a while. And may be again.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Back in late 2015, I was working at a media firm and one of our
         | top directors called together a meeting with our engineering
         | team to talk to us about the impact of our products/content. He
         | was _convinced_ that by 2018 most people would be using self-
         | driving cars regularly and that this was going to hurt our core
         | product.
         | 
         | I don't think I ever tried harder in my life not to LOL.
        
           | mandeepj wrote:
           | Ha! I hope he did not pivot the company or shutdown the core
           | product
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | Same feeling for passenger-carrying drones/quadcopters/etc.
           | Not gonna happen for decades in any commercially-viable way.
        
         | thathndude wrote:
         | Hard not to feel like we're seeing a swoon in self driving like
         | we saw in crypto back in 2017 and 2018.
         | 
         | They hype got ahead of the tech.
        
         | adamnemecek wrote:
         | I wonder if it's possible that this is true in some restricted
         | area where companies are heavily testing their self-driving
         | cars, and COVID reduced the amount of driving people do.
        
           | SECProto wrote:
           | From very brief observation a year ago, it seemed like
           | Lombard Street [1] was 90% self-driving-car training.
           | Definitely a very special case that just disproves the quote
           | from Lyft's president.
           | 
           | [1] https://goo.gl/maps/oXrvVYhDXWVxaoQC8
        
       | gtirloni wrote:
       | Well...
       | 
       | "In December 2020, Lyft announced that it will launch a multi-
       | city U.S. robotaxi service in 2023 with Motional."
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/article/autos-selfdriving-lyft-idUSK...
        
         | ra7 wrote:
         | They also have a partnership with Waymo to provide autonomous
         | rides. Ultimately, I think Lyft, Uber and the likes will just
         | become a provider/maintainer of robotaxi rides, while the
         | actual tech will be done by Waymo et al.
        
         | tananaev wrote:
         | Lyft still works with third party partners, like Motional and
         | Waymo to provide self-driving services on the platform. L5
         | division was a separate effort to have own self driving car.
        
         | Traster wrote:
         | Yeah, I remember when the company I worked for continually made
         | forward looking projections that were ridiculous whilst in the
         | process of negotiating a sale. Including the pressure not to
         | report anything that would need to be raised as part of the
         | acquisition.
        
       | fearling wrote:
       | Did not know Lyft had a self-driving car initiative. Was that
       | well known? Did they, like Uber, sink tons of money into it
       | before bailing?
        
         | ethanbond wrote:
         | Of course, yes and yes. The business model is complete nonsense
         | otherwise.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | The business model isn't nonsense. It justifies a company
           | existing to do what Lyft does, just at a much smaller scale
           | and valuation.
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | Yes, that's a good adjustment assuming the need for
             | hundreds (or thousands?) of highly paid engineers isn't
             | baked into the business model/product.
        
       | darkwizard42 wrote:
       | Not surprisingly it takes a lot of capital to make serious in-
       | roads into self-driving. Ultimately if your main business is not
       | profitable it is hard to justify spending 100m a year on L5 with
       | no reasonable end in sight.
       | 
       | I think this is why only Waymo or Cruise or one of the other
       | well-funded-by-profitable-other-business will continue to
       | progress towards the true self-driving vehicle... its just too
       | damn expensive and uncertain as to when the
       | breakthrough/development will happen
        
       | tdhz77 wrote:
       | I keep getting downvoted. I'll keep saying it, we need government
       | investment into self driving. It cannot be done by private sector
       | alone.
        
         | cobaltoxide wrote:
         | In what way would government investment help here? The main
         | players already have tons of funding.
         | 
         | Also, why should self-driving be a government priority?
        
       | hcrisp wrote:
       | Toyota / Woven Planet also just announced it was picking Apex.AI
       | as their software platform:
       | 
       | https://electrek.co/2021/04/14/toyota-partners-with-apex-ai-...
        
       | ipsum2 wrote:
       | I've seen some directors recently leave Lyft's "Level 5" division
       | recently, in the last couple of months. I guess there were a lot
       | of warning signs.
        
       | _____bee wrote:
       | Most ride-hailing companies that invested in self-driving cars
       | are giving up on these projects. Most of these startups struggle
       | to sustain their business.
        
         | alonmower wrote:
         | *Most ride-hailing companies that needed a narrative ahead of
         | their IPO for why they had a defensible long term moat and
         | leaned heavily on 'self driving' as their answer to that are
         | now getting pressure from investors on why they keep sinking
         | more money into a problem it doesn't seem they'll ever be able
         | to solve
        
       | elpakal wrote:
       | I learned to drive in Mexico at 13, where there are almost
       | literally no rules or traffic signals (see the black arrow on the
       | wall? that means don't stop). I remember thinking about how
       | different things were when trying to get my driver's license in
       | US at age 16 - almost easier - in spite of how many more rules
       | there were. I wonder how self-driving cars perform when trained
       | in a world of rules and order and are then thrown into complete
       | chaos in other places.
       | 
       | What does training look like? Do self-driving cars only work in
       | certain countries where they have been trained?
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | Well, they don't really "work" anywhere, if your standards are
         | high enough. But your point is valid; making a self-driving car
         | for many national markets has to be harder than making a
         | regular car for those same markets.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | >where there are almost literally no rules or traffic signals
         | ...
         | 
         | That's a lie, though. The meme that Mexico is an uncivilized
         | place is dumb and doesn't hold much substance.
        
       | quickthrowman wrote:
       | Anyone hawking FSD is a stock promoter (liar). Uber/Tesla/Lyft.
       | Elon Musk claims Tesla FSD will be L5 by end of 2021, but they
       | recently filed a document with the CA DMV stating Tesla FSD is L2
       | automated.
       | 
       | Which one do you think is more realistic, staying L2 by EOY 2021,
       | or magically leaping forward to L5 FSD in 8 months?
       | 
       | The only company working on self-driving that I believe when they
       | issue press releases is Waymo, because Google isn't trying to
       | juice their stock price all the damn time, and they have operable
       | robotaxis in AZ. I don't think Waymo claims L5 capability either.
        
         | rkalla wrote:
         | It's those _edge cases_ that make me think real FSD (vehicles
         | with no steering wheels) is a decade-timescale problem.
         | 
         | Figure out 99.9% of driving, but otherwise take a family off a
         | bridge when the sun is blinding the camera? Still need a
         | steering wheel.
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | > _but otherwise take a family off a bridge when the sun is
           | blinding the camera?_
           | 
           | I love these wildly over-the-top exaggerations.
           | 
           | When was the last bridge you saw without a barrier to prevent
           | going off the edge?
           | 
           | What makes you think a vehicle vision system will handle
           | "blinded by sun" any worse than humans already do?
           | 
           | Remember it's projecting and predicting the road ahead, even
           | around corners and in the dark - so being blinded by the sun
           | isn't going to cause it to swerve wildly off course and off
           | the bridge - it can continue to use the data it had before
           | being blinded (just as you do).
           | 
           | Also remember it has eight cameras it uses for this. The 16
           | year old new driver texting and talking to friends coming
           | towards you at 60mph has two.
        
             | ErikVandeWater wrote:
             | > When was the last bridge you saw without a barrier to
             | prevent going off the edge?
             | 
             | That's a disingenuous question. Many bridges have wooden
             | guards that will prevent you from going off if you make a
             | small mistake, but not a large one.
             | 
             | > What makes you think a vehicle vision system will handle
             | "blinded by sun" any worse than humans already do?
             | 
             | Humans can move their head, and block the sun with a hand,
             | hat, or sunshade in the car. Humans have two eyes so if one
             | is obstructed, the other may still get good vision.
             | 
             | > so being blinded by the sun isn't going to cause it to
             | swerve wildly off course and off the bridge - it can
             | continue to use the data it had before being blinded (just
             | as you do).
             | 
             | Unless it's an incredibly well-trained AI, it may mistake
             | lens flare for oncoming traffic, or a pedestrian. Car AI is
             | not at the point where it has common sense to assume that
             | lens flare is incorrect information.
        
             | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
             | >What makes you think a vehicle vision system will handle
             | "blinded by sun" any worse than humans already do?
             | 
             | Self driving software tends to have very poor object
             | permanence.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | "Blinded by the sun" is an understandable failure-state
             | when you design a driving system that's reliant on cameras.
             | From https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/05/feds-autopilot-
             | was-acti...: "Theoretically, it should be possible to
             | detect the side of a truck using cameras. But it's not
             | always easy. In some lighting conditions, for example, the
             | side of a trailer might be hard to distinguish from the sky
             | behind it."
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | How many of the 100 daily fatalities on the roads in the
               | US do you think are caused by drivers not "seeing
               | clearly"?
               | 
               | The goal of an AI driver isn't no crashes. The goal is
               | less crashes than human drivers.
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | Idk if it's that simple, what if you reduce highway
               | deaths by 100 but rural roads go up by 10. If I'm
               | primarily a rural driver that's not enticing.
        
               | grecy wrote:
               | OK then, let's not put it into full scale production
               | until all types of driving are an order of magnitude
               | (10x) less.
        
             | drzaiusapelord wrote:
             | >The 16 year old new driver texting and talking to friends
             | coming towards you at 60mph has two.
             | 
             | My two analog eyes see this perfectly well, why didn't the
             | AI?
             | 
             | https://www.thedrive.com/news/33789/autopilot-blamed-for-
             | tes...
             | 
             | I think there's a lot unfair criticism of human drivers in
             | this thread. I don't think we're at the point where we can
             | call machines better than humans when it comes to these
             | tasks.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | The human driver's two eyes still have a wider dynamic
             | range than any current affordable video camera. This makes
             | a huge difference in difficult lighting situations like
             | looking into the sun.
        
           | theluketaylor wrote:
           | The edge case that I always go to on why truly autonomous
           | vehicles are decades+ away is winter driving. Lane markers
           | and road signs disappear. Slush and salt spray constantly
           | obscure sensors.
           | 
           | Winter driving as a human driver requires an entirely
           | different approach and Waymo hangs out in the Arizona desert
           | where there is basically never any inclement weather.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | That, and construction, detours and city driving. In the
             | latter, driving contexts can change without a second's
             | notice, without any signs, markings or signals denoting the
             | change. You learn what those contexts are from experience
             | and understanding of what are ultimately complex social
             | situations, and a shared understanding between you and the
             | people around you.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | don't even need to go to bad environmental setting. Let's
             | talk about other countries. I haven't seen a lot of self-
             | driving cars in Rome or Mumbai yet, there's a lot of places
             | where traffic rules are treated more like suggestions than
             | actual rules. American style neat wide highways and grid-
             | like streets are not how the places look where most cars
             | are being driven right now already.
        
             | klmadfejno wrote:
             | Digital data instead of signs seems like the obvious
             | solution.
        
           | fnord77 wrote:
           | Driving in all conditions requires the computing power of a
           | human brain. When we have computers that powerful, we can
           | talk about L5.
        
           | alpha_squared wrote:
           | Just like reliability SLAs, I suspect every extra nine
           | requires an exponential increase in investment. My armchair-
           | know-nothing assessment is we're maybe at 90% coverage* right
           | now, with maybe 10x all investment up until this point needed
           | to reach 99%; then 10x _that_ to reach 99.9%. Even at 99.9%,
           | though, a failure scenario still threatens injuring or
           | killing 0.1% of drivers (350,000 motorists for US alone).
           | 
           | * Coverage as a percentage of scenario's occurrence over the
           | total duration of driving. For example, over 90% of a long-
           | distance trip will be spent on a highway following traffic
           | patterns within a lane with the occasional lane change.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | We regularize traffic more than your estimate though. Like
             | 99.99% of the 300 mile drive I took yesterday was sitting
             | in a lane.
             | 
             | The hardest part was that Google hadn't mapped a service
             | drive, so it thought the adjacent service drive was the
             | best route (which would be addressed pretty fast if you
             | were trying to deploy self driving service in that area).
             | 
             | I don't think we get to level 5 very soon, but level 4 cars
             | will have the ability to go lots of places pretty soon. If
             | I overestimate driveway distances from yesterday, it's like
             | 99.966% lane miles. There was some construction, but it was
             | already well marked for human drivers.
        
             | walshemj wrote:
             | Would not they detect the gates where down ? or are there
             | still that many crossings without gates in the USA
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | Where I live in the Southwest US there are many crossings
               | without gates. I'd say very few of the ones outside of
               | well populated areas have them.
        
               | bentcorner wrote:
               | Gates are only a suggestion - signals/gates malfunction
               | so often you can find compilation videos of them on
               | youtube.
        
               | ecpottinger wrote:
               | The place I talked about had no gates, after the accident
               | they added gates.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | That shouldn't be the standard. It probably will be, but it
           | shouldn't be.
           | 
           | Humans are terrible drivers. If a self-driving car got into
           | half as many accidents as the average human, it would save
           | _millions_ of lives. And kill people, to be sure, but fewer
           | on net.
           | 
           | I also think you could make a reasonable argument that _all_
           | cars should be banned, right now, based on how many people
           | they kill, but since I don 't think that's gonna happen...
        
             | markkanof wrote:
             | You are correct on the aggregate, but that doesn't
             | necessarily work when applied to each individual driver.
             | 
             | I'm a pretty attentive and cautious driver. In the 20 years
             | I have been driving I've been in one accident and that was
             | because another driver was attempting to make an illegal
             | left turn, came across two lanes of traffic, and t-boned
             | me. So if self driving vehicles are only doing better than
             | the worst human drivers, I'm going to be pretty hesitant to
             | turn over control. I'd be in favor of that other driver
             | that hit me using an autonomous vehicle though.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | _Everyone_ thinks they 're an above-average driver. Half
               | of them must be wrong, so the reliability of any
               | individual's self-assessment is about equal to chance.
               | Even if you're one of the truly good drivers--your record
               | certainly sounds excellent--our laws should account for
               | the fact that _most_ drivers can 't judge their own
               | skill.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | Just wait until self-driving "personality" becomes part of
             | a car company's brand identity. I suspect that we will see
             | no lack cars that are _designed_ to be terrible drivers. Of
             | course they will call it  "confident", "assertive", perhaps
             | for some brands even "masculine". Cars could become even
             | more civilian tanks thank that already are. I desperately
             | hope that I'm wrong.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | Or you need a high-bandwidth coverage-everywhere comms system
           | and a robust infrastructure for remote teleop, like what
           | Starsky was building:
           | 
           | https://medium.com/starsky-robotics-blog/the-end-of-
           | starsky-...
           | 
           | Then the steering-wheel-less car at least has the ability to
           | call for help when it's only 98% sure of what to do instead
           | of 99.99% sure. But obviously this kind of model only makes
           | sense in a fleet context, not as an extension to something
           | you own, so it requires greater shifts, at least for personal
           | automobiles.
        
             | kgin wrote:
             | Most remote assistance is not live driving. A remote human
             | adds labels and maybe even marks out a safe path for the
             | vehicle so that vehicle has enough information to proceed.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | IMHO FSD cars (along with drones, secure programming
           | languages/OSes, and distributed manufacturing) are a _post-
           | war technology_. The economics don 't make sense while we're
           | at peace and locked into the Pax Americana economy. However,
           | once folks start trying to kill each other, these
           | technologies will give a very large survival advantage to
           | those factions that adopt them. Imagine how useful not having
           | to risk human lives on supply lines would be. And risk
           | expectations get reset when things go from "nobody ever dies
           | unnaturally" to "people are actively trying to kill you",
           | which eliminates the biggest barrier to FSD adoption.
           | 
           | I think we'll get such a war within the next decade, so we
           | may see FSD vehicles sooner than expected, just not in the
           | way we want.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | In a hot industrialized war (one that isn't wildly
             | asymmetric), a supply line has so many soldiers' lives
             | depending on it that having the transports manned or not is
             | insignificant. But I think I know the general concept you
             | are getting at, I'd call it the wartime risk economy: when
             | a large percentage of your combat aircraft sorties don't
             | return, it becomes reasonable to operate the engines much
             | closer to the limits of reliable operation than in peace
             | time. The extra performance can save more pilots than the
             | occasional engine failures caused by the emergency
             | operation mode cost.
        
           | okareaman wrote:
           | I used to live in Mountain View where Waymo tests their cars
           | so I would observe them quite often. I sat a railroad
           | crossing with one, thinking about what could go wrong. What
           | if the signal didn't work, but you could hear the train
           | coming and see it way off to the right or left if you looked.
           | Are Waymo cars listening for trains? Or are they looking at
           | railroad guards only? I suppose they could program the train
           | schedule in, but what if the train system changes the
           | schedule? That could be adjusted for, but how much would I
           | trust this system? Not enough to take a nap behind the wheel.
        
             | jonas21 wrote:
             | To be honest, this seems like one of the easier edge cases
             | to handle. Before crossing tracks, check if there's
             | anything coming down the tracks.
             | 
             | Much easier than all of the weird edge cases related to the
             | behavior of other drivers or pedestrians.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | In England at least, if you're crossing HSR by foot, you
               | pick up a handset and call train operations to cross.
               | Probably overly conservative but obviously a simple thing
               | for a car to implement along with the usual safety
               | measures (though those would presumably involve gates or
               | not at grade anyway).
        
             | ErikVandeWater wrote:
             | Theoretically it should be able to use side-facing lidar
             | and cameras to sense that a big truck-like thing is
             | crossing.
        
               | acover wrote:
               | Why not radar?
        
               | adrr wrote:
               | Because radars lacks resolution. Why my Tesla phantom
               | brakes due to low hanging signs or slow cars in the other
               | lane. They tune it down to ignore these anomalies and it
               | has issues running into disabled cars and emergency
               | vehicles.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | You don't need resolution to detect train about to ram
               | into you.
               | 
               | Similarly, lidar resolution is a great overkill, and
               | overcomplication over a moderatly sophisticated mm wave
               | radar, which is on top of that will be much more durable,
               | and reliable.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | In addition to obeying all railroad crossing signals, I'm
             | certain the Waymo Driver has the concept of trains built
             | in. The long-range sensors on the vehicle would project the
             | probable path of the train and determine if it was safe to
             | proceed along the car's planned route.
        
               | craftinator wrote:
               | Unless the train was obscured from view by foliage at the
               | height and angle that the lidar rests at, or if a truck
               | pulled up next to the car, or... Well yeah, the only
               | reason people can handle that situation reasonably well
               | is that they have a large range of sensory input, most of
               | that input has symbolic representation in the mind, and
               | there's a healthy fear of dying that causes us to notice
               | when the ground is shaking and reassess whether the train
               | signal is working correctly.
        
               | okareaman wrote:
               | I'm not certain the Waymo Driver has the concept of
               | trains built in, but what if they did? How good is it? I
               | applied at Waymo and found out they don't do well in the
               | rain. What if they train is splashing up water in front
               | of it? I'd like to know how it deals with falling rocks,
               | which is a problem in California. Would they tell me or
               | lie about self-driving, like some well known spoke
               | persons do? What are the hackable weaknesses of Waymo?
               | Have they tried to have visual and computer hackers fool
               | the car and send it the wrong way? It just seems to me
               | it's going to take awhile, maybe decades in my amatuer
               | opinion.
        
             | ecpottinger wrote:
             | In in Whitby, Ontario, Canada, a dad and his son were
             | killed driving a car across a railway crossing with no
             | gates. The dad (driver) was on his phone at the time and it
             | is believed the phone blocked his view of the train and he
             | was talking to much to hear the train.
             | 
             | The person he was talking to said they were talking like
             | normal and suddenly the phone cut off.
             | 
             | Computers probably can not be worse that the people already
             | on the road.
        
               | simias wrote:
               | Even if you're right, that's the same argument for
               | airplane safety. The problem is being in control versus
               | putting your hands in the hands of an unknown third
               | party.
               | 
               | The psychological, ethical and legal implications are
               | completely different. If tomorrow I drive a car and run a
               | kid over then I'll be in trouble and you'll probably
               | never hear about it. If tomorrow I get in my Tesla self-
               | driving car and it runs a kid over then you'll hear about
               | it everywhere and Tesla's responsibility will be invoked.
               | Because whose else?
               | 
               | The bar for self driving cars is not being as good (or
               | bad) as a human driver, they need to be orders of
               | magnitude safer in all situations. They need to have
               | airplane industry numbers, not Average Joe drunk driving
               | numbers.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | People are great at some things that computers suck and
               | computers are great at some things that human suck.
               | 
               | Machines doing horrible mistakes that no conscious person
               | would ever do is problematic because we don't have
               | reliable error correction methods for that kind of
               | mistakes.
               | 
               | A FSD car will never accidentally press acceleration
               | pedal whey trying to press the brakes or loose control
               | when trying to read an SMS. Instead it will mistake a
               | bird for a train, hit and run someone and it would be
               | like "something slowed me down, are my batteries
               | degrading?"
               | 
               | How do you deal with a driver that fails to understand
               | what's going on?
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | A human being can drive a million miles without a serious
               | accident. 2018 saw 1.1 deaths per 100 _million_ vehicle
               | miles driven[1]. Human beings are extremely good at
               | driving safely overall.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_fatality_
               | rate_in...
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | Yeah, I think people conflate seeing people drive
               | erratically or doing dumb things in cars with an
               | inability to operate a car in a way that ultimately
               | prevents deaths. Humans are incredibly good at that in
               | the bigger picture for reasons that are currently
               | impossible to replicate with a computer.
               | 
               | Criticize human driving all you want, but even the worst
               | of us can typically manage to get from point a to point
               | b... Somehow.
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | One of the eye-opening things about the wikipedia
               | statistics is that advent and universality of mobile
               | phones at worst caused a very small uptick in fatalities.
               | With all the bullshit you see with on the road, somehow
               | people manage to mostly avoid death doing it. My guess is
               | people can pull attention back to the road at moments
               | it's really needed.
        
               | admax88q wrote:
               | If the bar is "better than someone talking on cell phone
               | while crossing a railroad crossing without looking," I'll
               | stick to manual driving.
               | 
               | Self driving needs to be better than me, not better than
               | average.
        
               | andy81 wrote:
               | Not a problem if you only sell to the bottom 50% of
               | drivers.
        
               | alexanderchr wrote:
               | Only a small minority of drivers consider themselves to
               | be in the bottom 50% of drivers, so you might have
               | trouble with that strategy.
        
               | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
               | It would be interesting to put a black box in a car tied
               | to the driver. Anyone who shows patterns of driving worse
               | than average gets a self driving car.
               | 
               | If you are better than average you can keep your dumb
               | car.
        
               | Hydraulix989 wrote:
               | Does the average driver even look both ways at the
               | railroad crossing? I do every single time. Such a low-
               | cost preventative measure that could very well end up
               | saving my life one day.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | At least where I learned to drive, not only was stopping
               | to look both ways at railroad crossings taught in driving
               | classes at school, it was part of the written test to get
               | a permit/license, as well.
        
               | okareaman wrote:
               | How many people on Hacker News think self-driving cars
               | will be a better driver than themselves in the near
               | future?
        
               | cameronh90 wrote:
               | Probably me. Waymo may already be in most situations.
               | 
               | I drive about once or twice a year, always in a rental,
               | and consequently never really know how well my car
               | handles or its dimensions. That, plus generally being
               | rusty, tends to make me fairly nervous.
               | 
               | Yet, nevertheless, I am in charge of a 2000kg block of
               | metal hurtling around pedestrians and cyclists at 70mph.
               | 
               | Scares the shit out of me, to be honest.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Self driving cars would have to kill over 1.35 million
               | people each year to be as bad as human drivers[1].
               | 
               | But there is no reason we should be happy if a self
               | driving technology "only" kills 1.2 million people in a
               | year. That number is absurd and should not be considered
               | acceptable. I think in the semi-distant future we are
               | going to look at manual operation of a motor vehicle as a
               | dangerous party trick, something only to be attempted by
               | professionals or in limited circumstances like pulling
               | into a field to park or some other low speed maneuvering.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.asirt.org/safe-travel/road-safety-facts/
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | We should be _delighted_ if we have a self driving
               | technology that only kills 1.2 million people a year.
               | 
               | 1. That's an incredible amount of saved time, people now
               | get that time back that they use to have to spend
               | driving. We would have eliminated the largest suck of
               | human time on the planet (truck driving). Etc. The main
               | benefit of self driving is not safety.
               | 
               | 2. We have a working baseline that we can improve upon to
               | drive that number down, and since computer programs don't
               | have the "new drivers need to learn from scratch"
               | problem, those improvements will stick around
               | approximately forever.
        
               | okareaman wrote:
               | > semi-distant future we are going to look at manual
               | operation of a motor vehicle as a dangerous party trick
               | 
               | totally agree but I'm skeptical of current tech to get
               | there in the near time frame being talked about. It's all
               | in how you define semi-distant
        
               | f6v wrote:
               | Now look at AstraZeneca craze. Vaccines save lives,
               | thrombosis cases are extremely rare. Yet the guy on
               | street is talking to someone on the phone: "Do not take
               | AZ! I repeat: do not take AZ!!!". Technology has to make
               | just one mistake to lose layman's confidence.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | > _Computers probably can not be worse that the people
               | already on the road._
               | 
               | And yet there is no evidence that computers are better
               | drivers than people are.
               | 
               | I do have to ask, are we using the same computers? I've
               | been using them for decades, and they're consistently
               | buggy, error prone and straight-up factually wrong a lot
               | of the time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | glofish wrote:
               | that's not quite right.
               | 
               | Computers currently are far worse than the good drivers
               | out there. It is not clear if they ever could be better
               | than a trained and cautious driver.
               | 
               | For example you can easily avoid the situation above by
               | not talking on the phone while driving across rails.
               | 
               | if the AI abruptly crosses the median how are you going
               | to avoid that?
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | >I suppose they could program the train schedule in, but
             | what if the train system changes the schedule?
             | 
             | I laughed at this, thinking about how the German trains are
             | usually +-30 mins and often off by hours.
             | 
             | The train schedule would probably not fare better than a
             | coin flip, except in Switzerland or Japan.
        
             | AnssiH wrote:
             | > I suppose they could program the train schedule in, but
             | what if the train system changes the schedule?
             | 
             | Just check the train locations instead :)
             | 
             | https://rata.digitraffic.fi/api/v1/train-locations/latest/
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | This seems like the edgiest of all possible edge case
             | arguments against self-driving cars, considering that a
             | meat-driven car crashed through a working barrier and into
             | a perfectly obvious train in the Bay Area just this
             | morning.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Obviously meat-based drivers have flaws. The question is
               | if the FSD robots at least retain all the existing
               | capabilities of meat-based drivers. Trading one set of
               | deficiencies for another raises the question of which set
               | is preferable.
               | 
               | The reality is that for a long time we will combine both
               | sets of capabilities and use "self driving" tech to
               | enhance human driver capabilities.
               | 
               | In that case self-driving first needs to be able to avoid
               | the relatively simple case of not of smashing through a
               | barrier and the human driver can use their wetware to
               | figure out how to handle railroad crossings which are
               | diverse and complicated.
        
               | okareaman wrote:
               | This is where you're wrong because I'm obviously a far
               | better driver than that person who drove in front of a
               | train this morning and it would never happen to me. I
               | trust myself more than I trust other drivers. I trust
               | myself more than I trust Waymo. I'd be happy to have
               | Waymo prove me wrong.
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | I agree that it's an edge case but there are always
               | completely bonkers people, out of the world on drugs or
               | just suicidal.
               | 
               | I don't want to risk getting figuratively in a car with
               | one if I turn on FSD.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | > It's those edge cases that make me think real FSD (vehicles
           | with no steering wheels) is a decade-timescale problem.
           | 
           | I'd be willing to bet it's a quarter century or longer
           | problem. (Longbets, anyone?)
           | 
           | FSD is absolutely achievable, but the task is much bigger
           | than some proponents give it credit.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | I think you're right. For the AI we have today, it's the
           | equivalent of 1990. My guess is that as sensor arrays
           | improve, wireless networks improve and quantum laptops are
           | available in 2040 or so.
           | 
           | Think about it -- most software is deployed cloud first these
           | days, but one of the most complex computing tasks we have is
           | relying on some black box computer.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | It is mostly a hardware problem. Tesla's can't do FSD with
           | current hardware because there aren't redundant cameras in
           | each direction. One camera gets mud on it and your car runs
           | itself into oncoming traffic. (It does that anyway right now,
           | but even if software bugs are fixed this is still
           | intractable).
           | 
           | A real solution has to be capable of cleaning all cameras
           | (probably faster than a windshield wiper would), because the
           | distortions caused by even normal rain are hellish to train
           | an AI to handle.
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | Tesla would be lucky if the extent of its challenges were
             | having enough cameras pointing in the right direction.
             | Tesla handicapped itself by only developing its driving
             | systems with cameras and not lidar.
        
               | ecpottinger wrote:
               | Right, because people have LIDAR installed already.
        
               | ErikVandeWater wrote:
               | I don't disagree. But since adding more cameras to a car
               | that already has cameras is a much more intuitive
               | extension for Tesla to select, I used that as an example.
        
         | estaseuropano wrote:
         | 100% agree but i wonder about the standards applied.
         | 
         | Where I live the streets are tight and most drivers mediocre at
         | best, unaware that cyclists might have right of way and about
         | 1/20 doesn't seem to know the difference between different kind
         | of light settings in the car. At least half the cars on my
         | street have visible scratches/dents.
         | 
         | For me _that_ is the standard to be beaten, not perfection. And
         | the car could still give signal and ask for a human to take
         | over in some cases. Self-drivinf cars for me could also be much
         | slower, no need to speed when you can read a book or play games
        
           | waltherg wrote:
           | So, essentially, you live in Italy where traffic signs and
           | lights are nothing more than street art and some extra frills
           | on the side of the road.
        
             | borroka wrote:
             | Silly generalization, please avoid.
        
               | ryanlol wrote:
               | It's not a generalization.
        
               | galuggus wrote:
               | It's a generalisation but not silly.
        
         | utexaspunk wrote:
         | I dunno, I've seen the Domino's [Nuro](https://www.nuro.ai/)
         | car roaming Houston and it seems to be doing okay and I haven't
         | heard of any issues... If it's good enough for my pizza, it's
         | good enough for me -I'm mostly pizza anyway! :P
        
           | Hydraulix989 wrote:
           | I think it's remote-controlled though?
        
         | sanguy wrote:
         | Waymo has given up on ever getting L5 capabilities. They have
         | so much invested they can't just shutter it, and keep it going
         | in hopes it attracts an interesting partnership or purchaser.
         | 
         | They did the same thing with Skybox imaging/Terra Bella.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | I loathe to think about more complicated regulation, but I
         | think Elon is pushing the boundaries of disclosure. That, and
         | that we have a lot of new populism in stocks, makes me think
         | the SEC maybe needs an update.
         | 
         | I kind of like Elon being able to say 'whatever', but on the
         | other hand, it's not his money now, it's crossed the threshold
         | into public financing, so statements like L2 v. L5 are
         | 'material' and saying the wrong thing is a 'lie' and 'bad'.
         | 
         | Again with the paradox is that he's going to be hosting SNL
         | which is kind of fun to see, on the other hand, it's going to
         | be another occasion to hustle a stock or some kind of crypto
         | which is distasteful.
        
         | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
         | Do you have a link to Elon's FSD claim?
         | 
         | He definitely uses ambiguity to his benefit (eg "soon", "by
         | fall/winter/spring/summer" (in which year?)), but I haven't
         | heard anything about Tesla being L5 by the end of 2021.
        
           | LightG wrote:
           | Even if I don't want to, I can't help but keep up with his
           | marketing-claims through the interests I have. My take, being
           | aware of him but not focused, is that beta-FSD has already
           | been released! ... I mean ... what? Maybe I've got it wrong.
        
             | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
             | It's been released to a small number of people, but...
             | beta-FSD isn't level five.
             | 
             | The only specific statement I've read from him is that the
             | basic functionality for level five will be available this
             | year.
             | 
             | What's interesting to me is that people seem to attribute
             | what news articles synthesize about his statements as
             | statements made by him.
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53349313
        
               | drzaiusapelord wrote:
               | >news articles synthesize about his statements as
               | statements made by him
               | 
               | Musk promised the coast to coast drive in 2017:
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/19/13341100/tesla-self-
               | driv...
               | 
               | Then admitted he couldn't do it in 2017:
               | 
               | https://www.autonews.com/article/20180208/MOBILITY/180209
               | 770...
               | 
               | This isn't the media delivering a dishonest commentary.
               | These are his words.
        
           | mandeepj wrote:
           | > Do you have a link to Elon's FSD claim?
           | 
           | Google is universally accessible to everyone. Please don't be
           | that guy who corners himself into a blind spot.
           | 
           | Musk claimed coast to coast self-driving trip by end of 2017.
           | 
           | https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/19/13341100/tesla-self-
           | driv...
        
             | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
             | I've searched, but I haven't found any comment from Musk
             | about level five being ready by 2021.
             | 
             | edit - The closest is about the basic functionality for it
             | being ready by the end of the year (see above).
        
           | bidirectional wrote:
           | If someone says by "fall/winter/spring/summer" and they don't
           | mean the immediate upcoming instance of that season, they are
           | lying. That is not being cleverly ambiguous, it is pure
           | dishonesty.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | heymijo wrote:
           | This feels like bad faith. Musk has been making these claims
           | every year since 2016. His coverage of these claims on HN is
           | regular and thorough.
           | 
           | I went ahead and Googled one for you from 2020:
           | 
           |  _Tesla will be able to make its vehicles completely
           | autonomous by the end of this year, founder Elon Musk has
           | said.
           | 
           | It was already "very close" to achieving the basic
           | requirements of this "level-five" autonomy, which requires no
           | driver input, he said._
           | 
           | - July 2020
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53349313
        
             | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
             | Do you mean this comment?
             | 
             |  _I remain confident that we will have the basic
             | functionality for level five autonomy complete this year._
             | 
             | Basic functionality for level five isn't level five.
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | You are probably right about 2021, but I think it is very
         | likely that when L5 _does_ come, it will arrive suddenly and
         | unexpectedly. The same as AlphaGo did. Yes, I am aware that
         | AlphaGo was the result of years of effort. Obviously there is
         | an element of "how do you define 'arrive'" here.
        
         | misiti3780 wrote:
         | I don't think Tesla will have L5 in 2021, but the FSD videos on
         | youtube are pretty impressive no ?
        
           | dawnerd wrote:
           | Yes, they are but also a lot are sped up. The videos that are
           | raw show the car still struggling to see around corners since
           | the cameras are just not in a good enough spot. They really
           | should have put cameras on the very front corners.
           | 
           | But TBH I'm not really THAT impressed it can take corners and
           | follow more lines. It still doesn't handle very important
           | edge cases, and the people testing and uploading videos are
           | naturally biased to show how good it is to push their
           | referral codes.
           | 
           | I'm not anti-Tesla, I love my M3, but we need to be realistic
           | about the future of what these particular cars can do.
           | They're never going to be L5 with the current sensor suite -
           | and they're certainly never going to be robo taxies. Who
           | really wants that anyways? Last thing I want is some drunk
           | bros to destroy my car and have to deal with Tesla support.
        
           | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
           | They're impressive when they're on a straight road. But I
           | think it's very concerning just how noisy and low resolution
           | the data the cameras are working with is. You can watch some
           | of the videos and the car won't recognise other traffic until
           | it's literally within 20 meters of the car. The 3D positions
           | of the cars are jumping around constantly. It will get the
           | speed of traffic wrong and try to turn straight in front of
           | someone that would cause an accident. Yes it's Beta but it's
           | still a huge huge huge way behind what Elon claimed it would
           | be by now. And he's doubled down on the current hardware
           | being all that's required.
           | 
           | I am 100% unconvinced that Tesla can get anywhere with their
           | current system. I don't see how their low resolution cameras
           | can get the necessary information for Level 5 autonomy. It
           | almost feels like a reckless brute force approach to the
           | problem. "Just let AI figure it out". Every autonomous
           | vehicle company is going to be using some sort of machine
           | learning but they're going to be feeding in huge amounts of
           | data. Waymo for example is using multiple LIDAR scanners to
           | build up an accurate 3D model of the world surrounding the
           | car. That's what you need. Not what is effectively guesswork
           | by an AI.
           | 
           | We still don't have truly reliable face detection even after
           | decades of research and we're supposed to believe that a car
           | can reliably drive itself on shitty low resolution cameras
           | alone.
        
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