[HN Gopher] Trans-Pacific deteriorating, brace for shipping 'tsu...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Trans-Pacific deteriorating, brace for shipping 'tsunami'
        
       Author : disgrunt
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2021-04-27 20:38 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.freightwaves.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.freightwaves.com)
        
       | ping_pong wrote:
       | This sounds pretty interesting.
       | 
       | Is this article suggesting that imports will see lots of
       | inflation because of costs to ship goods to the US? And then a
       | backlog growing in Asia, which will eventually flood the US just
       | in time for the end of the Pandemic?
       | 
       | It sounds like the beginnings of an old-fashion over-inventory-
       | driven recession. But the mechanics these days are different than
       | what we would have seen in the US during the 1980s, since the
       | factories are in Asia. I'm curious what the result of this will
       | be.
        
         | Red_Leaves_Flyy wrote:
         | If American businesses have over bought and overpaid for
         | inventory then expect bankruptcies and fire sales. Computers
         | and cars are unlikely, but bread machines, lounge wear,
         | exercise equipment, and similar items are likely to eventually,
         | and randomly, saturate their markets. IOW people probably won't
         | want a peloton in six months. If peloton overestimated demand
         | it'll shock their books and if severe enough threaten their
         | viability as a company.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | This article feels extremely confusing... maybe someone here can
       | clarify?
       | 
       | Nothing appears to be "deteriorating" whatsoever.
       | 
       | According to the article, in March we imported 1.5x as many goods
       | as in March 2019, as retailers restock inventory. Which is
       | amazing that such increased shipping capacity exists. And because
       | there's so much demand for shipping, shipping prices are rising.
       | 
       | This seems... great? We're successfully restocking tons of stuff,
       | but higher shipping prices mean that retailers will continue to
       | give priority to what people are buying, and so a full post-
       | pandemic restocking will be smoothed out over the rest of the
       | year, rather than all at once?
       | 
       | I mean, scheduling restocking seems pretty flexible and can
       | therefore respond intelligently to prices.
       | 
       | This article seems like everything is going great. What's
       | deteriorating? What's the "tsunami"...??
        
         | ping_pong wrote:
         | If I understand correctly, if you want to get something
         | shipped, you can't pay a fixed price anymore. You have to pay
         | spot, which is exhorbitant. So not only is there a massive
         | delay in getting your goods shipped, there is a massive extra
         | cost.
        
         | fencepost wrote:
         | Tried to buy a printer lately? Perhaps a computer? Part of the
         | crap availability is likely due to the chip/component shortages
         | that have gotten a lot of press, but some is also due to
         | shipping.
         | 
         | I was looking at low- to mid-range workgroup printers and
         | business-class desktop PCs for some clients recently. From at
         | least some manufacturers the ones that were available were
         | selling for at least $50-100 above MSRP depending on models, or
         | you could order at normal prices (don't bother looking for
         | discounts!) with estimated delivery end of May or in June. This
         | article makes me think there's a chance those might be
         | optimistic.
        
           | Stratoscope wrote:
           | A few weeks ago I got a new ThinkPad X1 Extreme from work to
           | replace my awful System76 Thelio Major. I was interested in
           | checking out the X1E because I was due for a personal
           | ThinkPad upgrade too.
           | 
           | Last week I decided I liked it and went to see what Lenovo
           | had available. All of the nice X1E's with the UHD display
           | were showing "more than 12 weeks" delivery time!
           | 
           | The next day I remembered that the ThinkPad P1 is exactly the
           | same machine as the X1E with a different GPU. Lenovo is wacky
           | like this with their model names.
           | 
           | Some of those were showing 8-12 or over 12 week delivery too,
           | but they had one model in stock the way I wanted with UHD,
           | 64GB, 1TB and an empty SSD slot.
           | 
           | It shipped the same day I ordered it, arrived Friday and is
           | great! And was just $1625 plus another $149 for three-year
           | premier support since I ordered it through Corporate Perks
           | (who I highly recommend). Would have been $900 more if I
           | bought it directly on lenovo.com, even at their "sale" price.
           | The machines ship direct from Lenovo either way.
           | 
           | So I thought I'd tell my friends and colleagues and checked
           | again yesterday. Nope, all gone now, this model went up $200,
           | and it along with all the other nice ones are "more than 12
           | week" delivery too.
        
           | Causality1 wrote:
           | Indeed. In October of 2019 I ordered a basic printer for $36.
           | The cheapest one on Amazon right now, at least with more than
           | one review, is $90.
        
           | WWLink wrote:
           | > Tried to buy a printer lately?
           | 
           | I did! I noticed B&H had the model I wanted in stock, but the
           | store was closed over the weekend for a holiday. So I checked
           | back right before the store opened and placed the order JUST
           | as it JUST as ordering opened up again.
           | 
           | Not 5 minutes after I ordered the printer, the page went from
           | "in stock" to "more on the way" lol. I received the printer a
           | week later. Most places had it a month+ out.
           | 
           | Ugh, and that was easy compared to getting some computer
           | parts right now.
        
         | johncalvinyoung wrote:
         | This situation is a mess for anyone waiting on something that's
         | sitting in a container in Shanghai, or on a ship in the queue
         | in Long Beach. A friend's business has a critical LCL shipment
         | that was supposed to arrive to their supplier (likely receiving
         | a whole container, but not _many_ containers) last week, but is
         | stuck on a ship _somewhere_. That 's stressing out my friend
         | the logistics manager ahead of an upcoming product launch.
         | 
         | And no telling what the next product in queue is going to take
         | in terms of component sourcing. Yikes.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | This article is written for "FreightWaves" which is "The
         | Fastest Way to Navigate the Freight Market". The target
         | audience is people who need to ship stuff.
         | 
         | For them, service levels are deteriorating. What is normally
         | easy has become a struggle.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | It's a tsunami of freight - 1.5x March this year over 2 years
         | sounds decently typical considering normal growth. The issue is
         | that April/May/June it wouldn't be odd considering the
         | circumstances if it was 5x or 10x - if there was enough
         | containers, or enough ships, and there isn't. As TFA was
         | pointing out, it isn't even about rising prices to get a spot.
         | Sometimes you can't get a slot period.
         | 
         | Remember all those supply chain shocks and people talking about
         | needing to restock to get things working in chips,
         | manufacturing, etc? Right now there is 100 containers of socks
         | stuck on a ship and in the way.
         | 
         | At least, that is what I got from the article.
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | > Right now there is 100 containers of socks stuck on a ship
           | and in the way.
           | 
           | This seems like a real easy problem to fix. Some simple
           | import tariffs could get a lot of the cruft out of the way in
           | no time, and they could be eased back too.
        
             | lifeisstillgood wrote:
             | Sadly I don't think it works like that. Ignoring the usual
             | long lead time on tariffs, and the difficulty in applying
             | such rules (Socks now have 10x import duty. Ah but not
             | medical support stockings. And socks on baby clothes are
             | exempt, but if the socks are sold as a bundle ...)
             | 
             | The _real_ problem is that the cruft is _already in the
             | system_. If we did something clever and said all non-urgent
             | shipments get delayed and the urgent ones come through we
             | would have
             | 
             | 1. Some containers have both important and cruft in them.
             | 
             | 2. The cruft containers are on the upper port side of the
             | ship. If we don't unload those the ship will topple. If we
             | unload but don't onward ship we have a ton of containers
             | literally sitting on the dock.
             | 
             | 3. If we sort that out, the cruft _orders_ are part of the
             | game now - the container of socks is going to _come back_
             | loaded with medical computers. But now they don 't have a
             | container to come back in.
             | 
             | No the solution to this is transparency. A global
             | blockchain / ledger (not The blochchain), would let people
             | see some of the worst problems ahead. But that tech exists,
             | but not the usage of the tools or the trust.
        
               | wikibob wrote:
               | How does a magical blockchain do anything that a database
               | wouldn't, in this scenario?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | High shipping costs are effectively a tariff on bulk goods.
             | It's not particularly effective as shortages drive up
             | prices.
        
             | gonesilent wrote:
             | We still have Trump's tariffs to deal with, more will just
             | be yet another burden on consumers.
        
       | icegreentea2 wrote:
       | I'm curious, how does the restocking work out here? Is this
       | restocking recovering from the initial drop in Asian exports from
       | like a year ago? Have companies been working with that dent in
       | their inventories for the last year-ish?
        
       | inetsee wrote:
       | As I was reading these comments I was reminded of some articles I
       | read quite some time ago about the impact of global warming
       | produced sea level rise on container ports. Many existing ports
       | weren't built with sea level rise in mind, and building new
       | container ports is expensive and takes quite a while. A quick
       | search on "sea level rise container ports" produced articles that
       | said a lot of the impact depends on the amount of sea level rise.
       | Five feet or less will probably not affect current ports very
       | much; as the sea level rise gets higher the impact on existing
       | ports becomes greater.
       | 
       | Would anyone who knows more about this topic care to comment?
        
         | ksdale wrote:
         | I am not a person who knows much, but google says that current
         | sea level rises are between 3 and 4 millimeters a year. At that
         | rate it will take 300 years to reach 5 feet.
         | 
         | It seems like increasingly severe storms will (would) have an
         | impact a century before sea level itself becomes a problem,
         | even in places where the sea level is already basically a
         | problem.
        
       | arbitrage wrote:
       | Is there anywhere else that can ease the load on existing harbour
       | infrastructure?
       | 
       | If the demand is this extreme, shouldn't a new eceonomic
       | opportunity be ripe for the picking, here?
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Ports for big ships have historically been constrained by
         | geography- ideally you need a very deep, well sheltered bay.
         | 
         | A shore with shallow waters for hundreds of feet simply make
         | for very costly places to unload, and get treacherous in rough
         | weather.
         | 
         | On top of that, coastlines tend to be the most densely
         | populated regions. Building up infrastructure for a new harbor
         | sounds like a nightmare to get through zoning, let alone an
         | environmental impact review.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | Maybe some US manufacturers will benefit?
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Yes and no. There are, for example, a few ports on the Pacific
         | coast of Mexico. They don't have the transportation
         | infrastructure to carry large amounts of cargo to the rest of
         | the continent, and they (probably) don't have the cranes to
         | efficiently unload container ships.
         | 
         | The US ports don't have the space to expand. I don't think the
         | Canadian ones can, either. Prince Rupert might be able to, but
         | it would take time.
         | 
         | The problem is the sheer scale of what you are asking for. We'd
         | need either more ports, or more berths at existing ports, with
         | more cranes, and more transport connections from the ports to
         | the country.
         | 
         | If there's one thing where you could get more throughput by
         | throwing money at it, it would be in more efficient container
         | cranes. And even that requires someone figuring out a more
         | efficient crane, and then probably a few years of building it
         | out at the ports, and upgrading the dockside infrastructure to
         | handle the increased throughput.
        
           | briffle wrote:
           | The Port of Coos Bay in Southern Oregon has been trying to
           | expand their port for 15 years now.
           | https://www.portofcoosbay.com/projects But the projects take
           | quite a bit of time (dredging the bay deeper and wider to
           | service 1000' ships, taking over and repairing a basically
           | abandoned railway with 100 year old tunnels and bridges,
           | etc). Couple that with some initial resistance from state
           | legislators that serve Portland (which lost its largest
           | container ship terminal contracts a few years ago), and these
           | things take years to get into place. Could be real fast, if
           | they got a guarantee of business from somebody, but shipping
           | companies don't want to pay to develop in only a few years,
           | and then have their backlog clear up before then.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Building a container port to handle large vessels is a big
         | capital expenditure. And you also need a labor pool, and
         | trucking / rail facilities. It's not something you can come up
         | with quickly to take advantage of an event that everyone hopes
         | is short term.
         | 
         | Labor shortages related to covid on the US west coast leading
         | to delays wouldn't be significantly helped by adding another
         | port on the US west coast.
         | 
         | From the bottom of this article, it does look like there's some
         | room in alternate non-US ports, although that seems expensive
         | and time consuming.
        
       | GnarfGnarf wrote:
       | It's going to make manufacturing in the U.S. cost-effective
       | again.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | belval wrote:
       | I feel like article is missing conclusions on what will be
       | affected by this. Will consumer prices be higher? Delays in
       | shipping?
        
         | Spellman wrote:
         | Guessing the big issue is delay in shipping of
         | components/goods.
         | 
         | And for critical items bidding up the price of transport will
         | pass those to consumer or force reorganization of the supply
         | chain to other avenues (local or other shipping).
         | 
         | Medium term it's a big hiccup on the global JIT economy.
        
       | bruiseralmighty wrote:
       | Sounds oddly similar to a database deadlock. Wonder who the
       | optimizer will select as the victim.
       | 
       | But that's what happens when you put all your manufacturing in
       | one large transaction.
        
       | d_silin wrote:
       | More like another boom phase after bust one.
        
       | malwarebytess wrote:
       | A fear I had about winding down industry, shipping, and services
       | for COVID-19 was that getting it all up and running harmoniously
       | would be unmanageable. The incredible interconnectedness of all
       | industry would cause problems. Say one node wants to start again,
       | but it depends on 5 other input nodes that also want to start
       | again. Those 5 cannot begin without their own connected nodes.
       | And so like an apocalyptic version of trying to restart a global
       | power grid you would have cascades of failures, rubber-banding
       | demand and supply, and so on.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Inefficiency brings up business opportunity. Some industry
         | can't realign quickly? Make a bet that a new business will be
         | nimble enough to deliver faster and take their market share.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Yay, that's exactly the thinking that got us into this mess -
           | trying to squeeze every bit of efficiency out of the supply
           | chain has spread every step of production far and wide (I
           | already mentioned the global journey a pair of jeans is going
           | on before being sold for next-to-nothing in a mall near you:
           | http://competendo.net/en/A_Pair_of_Jeans) - which was
           | possible until now because of cheap logistics, but the
           | current situation reveals how fragile this really is. Maybe
           | what we need is not more efficiency, but more common sense...
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | But there's always some potential mess and fragility
             | regardless of your model... robustness comes from the
             | ability to react to failure i.e. to take advantage of an
             | opportunity like this shipping crunch.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Many consumers will buy from a more efficient supply chain
             | because the price to them (for goods in stock) is a few
             | percent lower. They don't have nearly as powerful incentive
             | to overpay for years in hopes of having more stable supply
             | after a pandemic-induced global disruption event.
        
           | omegaworks wrote:
           | I _guess_ but that upstart better be willing to bet a massive
           | amount of capital on creating that infrastructure only to
           | potentially see its advantage evaporate as the supply lines
           | normalize.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | An industry like shipping doesn't seem a likely target for
           | disruption. It would take a massive investment to make even
           | the smallest dent in the problem, and it's mostly an analog
           | system.
        
             | acchow wrote:
             | Imagine Amazon couldn't restock items and it hit their top
             | line significantly.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | Then manufacture locally and sell what can't get a place on
             | a ship.
             | 
             | The lack of shipping capacity creates business
             | opportunities and not just for building ships or ports.
        
         | twic wrote:
         | Logistical black start:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_start
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Well that's a fascinating page.
           | 
           | The trade-off between "might need" and "will need" is
           | fascinating to think of (and pay for).
        
       | habitue wrote:
       | Really didn't expect to be reading about literal containers on
       | HN.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | same as docker - dependencies are downloading slowly before you
         | get a container.
        
         | midasuni wrote:
         | Logistics is a massive global system, plenty of hacks
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | Flexport is commonly featured here
        
           | rrdharan wrote:
           | Their hiring posts certainly are but I can't recall seeing
           | much else about them beyond that - am I just mistaken?
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | zenmaster10665 wrote:
       | Are there good stock plays off the back of this event or is it
       | not protracted enough to invest in without buying special
       | instruments?
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | By the time you ask and get an answer here, the market will
         | already have priced in any opportunity that might be mentioned.
        
         | disgrunt wrote:
         | Domestic commodities seem like a good investment near term.
        
         | T-hawk wrote:
         | My guess would be that there must be something to do from an
         | investing angle -- but also that industry insiders and
         | specialists who look at such things dedicatedly and
         | professionally would have already priced in or arbitraged
         | anything far ahead of a layman's understanding and
         | participation.
        
         | bradj wrote:
         | For sure shipping equities with exposure to freight rates like
         | Maersk, and maybe other logistics equities, like railroads.
        
       | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
       | With global shipping, semiconductor manufacturing, and food
       | prices spiking, is this generalized global inflation?
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | Shipping prices are extremely elastic is my understanding, so
         | no. If you own a ship you always want to be running it near
         | full capacity, so once the demand surge subsides prices will
         | also fall.
         | 
         | Inflation requires their not to be a way for prices to reduce.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | underseacables wrote:
       | Would this be an argument in favor of more domestic
       | manufacturing?
        
       | macmac wrote:
       | Interesting to note that the US only really has one container
       | shipping line: Matson. It is an insignificant carrier in terms of
       | capacity (less than 0.5 % world market share) which primarily
       | services Hawaii.
        
       | wonderwonder wrote:
       | Wonder if this could spur local manufacturing again if
       | transportation costs start to out weigh labor / material costs.
        
         | pmlnr wrote:
         | That would be a good outcome: less transportation means less
         | pollution, plus redundancy in production, which is seriously
         | needed.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | The cost of bootstrapping manufacturing is also probably
         | impacted though.
        
           | wonderwonder wrote:
           | Very much so. Seems like a good time for the federal
           | government to make low cost loans available to those seeking
           | to bring manufacturing back to the US.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | Depends on how long it continues. If demand is back to normal
         | in 2 months and it takes 3 months to ramp up your
         | manufacturing, then you'll be too late to get any benefit from
         | this.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | It's not just your manufacturing steps, but you need the
           | upstream suppliers to also be local. There are reasons well
           | beyond just price for a lot of electronics development to be
           | done in and around Shenzhen.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Even worse, you'll have blown however many million $ it took
           | to ramp up production.
        
       | ummonk wrote:
       | I recall reading a few years ago that the port of Oakland was in
       | a precarious spot due to being outcompeted by excess capacity in
       | Southern California ports as well as gulf coast ports via the
       | Panama Canal. I would guess that is not currently an issue given
       | the shipping backlog?
       | 
       | Edit: yeah I'm seeing articles about a historic backup at the
       | port of Oakland.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | We seem to be entering a global version of The Beer Game
       | (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_distribution_game). The
       | game is a training session on supply chain co-ordination designed
       | to show effects of trying to order beer and bottles months ahead
       | of time then demand changes etc. It's mostly chaos
       | 
       | (I was speaking to someone who has seen their shipping from China
       | to Europe quintuple - apparently all the containers stayed in
       | Europe as no one wanted to send them back empty.)
       | 
       | The game is designed to show that "local" signals aren't always
       | indicative of full system - the example being that retailers etc
       | are stockpiling right now on-shore. But this creates more demand
       | than usual, slowing delivery. So the naive retailer will say "OMG
       | it now takes 3 months and 2x price to get widgets, I had better
       | order _4 months_ supply ... and so it goes - an infinite bug
       | methodology.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Heh. I was just about to ask if this was another term for the
         | bullwhip effect, and the page actually links right to it.
         | 
         | I think the overall effect is that we all have to get used to
         | things being scarce or spotty for a while, that's all. The era
         | of perfect infinite next-day availability of everything has
         | come to a pause. Be patient, adjust expectations, make do, and
         | give the system time to recover.
         | 
         | And wherever possible, buy local, buy on-shore.
        
         | jerrysievert wrote:
         | which is interesting as there is currently a beer can supply
         | problem. breweries are now ordering more cans than ever, from
         | as many places as possible in order to get their product in the
         | hands of covid-plagued consumers.
         | 
         | it's interesting to see cans from a brewery change depending on
         | the week they were canned.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-04-27 23:00 UTC)