[HN Gopher] Sweden's Northvolt raises $2.8B to supercharge EV ba...
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       Sweden's Northvolt raises $2.8B to supercharge EV battery output
        
       Author : cpach
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2021-06-09 16:34 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | imartin2k wrote:
       | In case you're interested in Northvolt and other Swedish tech
       | companies: I'm curating a free weekly newsletter on Swedish tech
       | in English (the only one, afaik). You can check it out at
       | http://swedishtechweekly.com
        
         | cpach wrote:
         | Hey, that's an awesome resource!
        
           | imartin2k wrote:
           | Happy to hear that :))
        
         | leogiertz wrote:
         | Thank you for doing it! We've been subscribers for a while now
         | and it's great.
        
           | imartin2k wrote:
           | My pleasure. It's fun, and there's so much going on in
           | Swedish tech.
        
       | gcheong wrote:
       | I'm disappointed that this is only about expanding factory
       | output, not some technology that would "supercharge" the actual
       | battery output. Will there be enough lithium in the world to meet
       | demand without some major advancements in the battery technology,
       | I wonder?
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | Boring, incremental progress is how things get done. "only"
         | expanding factory output is a pretty big part of how you make
         | batteries cheaper and usable in more applications.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | And they don't even have access to Tesla's "tabless" battery
         | patent.
         | 
         | https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/just-how-much-breakthr...
        
         | brianwawok wrote:
         | The is no shortage of Lithium, just need more mines to open up.
         | The price rising will make more places profitable to mine
         | Lithium.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Lithium is one of the most abundant materials in the Earth's
         | crust.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | To be fair: it also concentrates poorly (there are no
           | "lithium veins"), making extraction comparatively expensive
           | in relation to common metals. So there's a real problem to be
           | solved here. But it's not a "shortage" and we won't "run
           | out".
           | 
           | The _other_ components of Lithium battery chemistries,
           | however, tend to be much rarer. Most (by kWh capacity)
           | manufactured battery chemistries today are dependent on
           | cobalt, which is a rare earth with some finite quantity of
           | reserves that absolutely can  "run out". Some manufacturers
           | (Tesla in particular) seem to be having some success moving
           | off that and onto nickel chemistries. We'll see.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | We aren't going to see major advancements like that. Lithium
         | cells are pretty mature technology at this point. What you're
         | going to see is tweaked chemistries and designs (c.f. the Tesla
         | 4680 cell everyone likes to talk about) that make batteries a
         | little cheaper or a little lighter here and there, but with
         | some tradeoffs.
         | 
         | That said: Lithium cells are already good enough and cheap
         | enough for ground transportation to be practical. And that is
         | in some sense the "last frontier". Static applications are
         | already as well served as they ever will be, and no, battery
         | powered aviation just isn't going to be practical ever (carbon
         | nerds need to look at synfuels there).
         | 
         | We had the amazing revolution in battery technology already,
         | basically. And it enabled your EV and your phone. We won the
         | game about 15 years ago.
        
         | wolfram74 wrote:
         | If this[0] shakes out, lithium will not be the limiting
         | component. If.
         | 
         | https://www.mining.com/scientists-develop-cheap-and-easy-met...
        
       | nickik wrote:
       | Nice company. Basically two guys who worked on Tesla Nevada and
       | were like 'we could do this in Europe'. I saw some of their
       | earliest talk and I was like this is a brilliant move for them,
       | the European were really slow on the uptake with EV and supply
       | chain localization.
       | 
       | This gave them a really nice head start to be able to get all the
       | funding.
       | 
       | They seem to be doing some interesting stuff with vertically
       | integrating cathode, but I haven't found to much information
       | about that.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | With the quite high factory worker manpower cost here in Sweden
         | I was (maybe still am) a bit skeptical against this commodity
         | play.
         | 
         | There are many examples in the past where commodity
         | manufacturing projects have eventually failed badly against
         | Asian competitors with dramatically lower employee costs.
         | (Heck, even specifically in the battery space.)
         | 
         | As I understand it, in the short term the primary motivation is
         | providing battery volumes at a steady/guaranteed rate to their
         | European car industry investors since there currently is a lack
         | of stable global supply. Hard to argue against this.
         | 
         | In the longer term, I'm guessing Northvolt is gambling that
         | co2-neutral manufacturing of batteries will become an important
         | enough differentiator - either by customer choice or EU
         | legislation - that they'll be able to sell their batteries at
         | what might end up being a relatively high premium.
        
           | mongol wrote:
           | I think it should be seen in context of automotive
           | manufacturing supply chains, just in time delivery and all
           | that. There are still much automotive manufacturing in Europe
           | and transporting a vital part of an electric car all the way
           | from Asia might not make sense from a supply chain
           | perspective?
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | I don't think they'll keep using European-built batteries
             | when Chinese-built batteries are readily available at a
             | noticably lower price, perhaps 5 years from now unless
             | there are e.g. tax penalties in place for owning a car with
             | a battery made with co2-polluting power. Consumers will go
             | for the car that's 10% cheaper.
        
           | alkonaut wrote:
           | If manpower is a visible cost (vs power, transports, raw
           | materials) you probably aren't doing battery manufacturing
           | right. Automated high power manufacturing should be very
           | competitive close to cheap hydro power and cheap ports near
           | auto factories.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | Half a year ago they were projecting having 3k employees in
             | 2025.
        
       | abductee_hg wrote:
       | uh, are they also committing to raise the energy density, but
       | then only will build bigger batteries? :)
        
       | jorgenveisdal wrote:
       | Met the CEO when he was VP of Supply Chain at Tesla. Super
       | humble, super Swedish, very bright. This will be huge.
        
         | bosie wrote:
         | > super Swedish
         | 
         | Hah, what does that mean?
        
           | jorgenveisdal wrote:
           | Hard to explain. I guess it's a Norway-Sweden thing
        
       | bberrry wrote:
       | Forgive my brazen armchairing but I question whether it's the
       | right move to go all-in with Li-ion batteries at this time. Both
       | solid state and Aluminium-graphene technologies seem around the
       | corner and are extremely promising.
        
         | zizee wrote:
         | I am no expert either, but I would expect it will take at least
         | ten years to commercialize any new battery technology.
         | 
         | Investments made today into li-ion production would expect to
         | have a return on investment in under ten years, so it makes
         | sense to make such an investment.
         | 
         | Edit: If it were to take less time to commercialize the new
         | chemistry, it would be because it can piggyback off existing
         | techniques. If that were the case, converting existing infra to
         | the new battery chemistry would be possible. So the current
         | investment would likely not be wasted.
        
         | coenhyde wrote:
         | "around the corner" is the problem. That isn't now. Li-ion is
         | good enough and the tipping point has been reached where we can
         | now have mass adoption of EV's with Li-ion. IMO it's more
         | important to grow the EV market share with existing Li-ion
         | batteries than hold off for a future tech which may not arrive.
         | + Growing the EV market will spur further investment in
         | alternative battery tech. bigger market = bigger investments
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | I've read few articles about it today and some are incorrectly
       | reporting that Northvolt will be producing 150GWh of batteries
       | after 6bln investment.
       | 
       | $2.8bln will finance 20GWh production upgrade, therefore
       | Northvolt will need to raise a lot more money to achieve 150GWh
       | production.
        
       | Growling_owl wrote:
       | How come when a company is not American the intro is always:
       | 
       | [Country's]+[company name]
       | 
       | Whereas if the company is American it's always:
       | 
       | [founder's name]+[company name]
       | 
       | I don't know if it has to do with media or with the fact that
       | foreign founders might want to be more in the dark compared to
       | American ones.
       | 
       | In Europe wealth is historically frowned upon so people might be
       | trying to get their millions or billions in the dark and only
       | speak and be relevant among decision makers circles.
       | 
       | If that's the case then those people will dominate American
       | corporate world in the future because it's appearent that being
       | famous only means trouble.
       | 
       | Besides it makes tremendous sense. Wealth gives you a megaphone
       | but such megaphone is useless if people are able to look your
       | speech rehersals, while you sweat,strutter and stop mid sentence.
       | 
       | It's my opinion that the journey of an entrepreneur who wants to
       | get into politcs should be:
       | 
       | Money > Sports franchise > social relevance ..or
       | 
       | Money > Own Rock band > social relevance
       | 
       | Money > your own movie > social relevance
       | 
       | It's really cringy when these SaaS guys or EVs guys try to appeal
       | to the masses. You end up being hated by those who hate the rich
       | and ignored by everybody else
        
         | azinman2 wrote:
         | I'm not sure about the founder part (or that it really is the
         | trend you suggest), but I think it's pretty normal given HN is
         | an American media property with a heavy American user base that
         | anything foreign gets called out with that country. The same
         | thing happens in other countries unless the subject is well
         | familiar. For example, searching HN's history for Bosche
         | doesn't label the company itself as belonging to Germany. ARM
         | similar isn't identified by country either. This is a new
         | company, and typically when manufacturing is involved, the site
         | of manufacturing is labeled (even if in the US by state).
        
           | cpach wrote:
           | Good point. However, in this case the headline was chosen by
           | Reuters.
        
         | krullix wrote:
         | If the founder/Investors of Northvolt had to choose, I'm pretty
         | sure they would prefer their names in the title. Guess their
         | names are just not famous enough, so better attribute to it to
         | Sweden. More people probably knows who Elon Musk is than what
         | Sweden is anyways :)
         | 
         | //A Swede
        
           | Growling_owl wrote:
           | > More people probably knows who Elon Musk is than what
           | Sweden is anyways
           | 
           | Musk is like a weird combination of Michael Bloomberg and
           | Donald Trump.
           | 
           | He tweets like Trump, but when he gets on stage he stutters
           | and speak as badly as Michael Bloomberg.
           | 
           | Regardless of what one thinks of Trump people knew him for
           | more than being just a rich guy, he was the CEO of the
           | Apprentice and Yankees #1 fan for a long time.
           | 
           | He also speaks with the utmost confidence, this is a great
           | social skill and you can use it at will if you don't need the
           | academics and the high IQ people on your side...in politics
           | it's one person, one vote
        
           | alex_young wrote:
           | I moved from California to Switzerland for a couple of years,
           | and more than one person asked if I was going to learn
           | Swedish. It's kind of sad really.
        
             | nickik wrote:
             | > I'm from Switzerland
             | 
             | > Oh amazing, Sweden is beautiful
             | 
             |  _pikachu face_
        
         | chartpath wrote:
         | US-bias is lame, but I can think of a couple counter-examples
         | where it doesn't usually need to be mentioned: e.g. Shopify and
         | Spotify. Could it be that once a company is successful then it
         | doesn't come up as much?
        
       | cpach wrote:
       | This is a big thing for Sweden, especially for the region of
       | Norrland.
       | 
       | I guess one could say that Norrland is like Sweden's Montana or
       | something like that.
       | 
       | Currently Norrland is receiving lots of business interest and
       | investments. Northvolt is one example. H2 Green Steel is another.
       | For the local population I believe this is very good news. It
       | should give lots of job opportunities that will spill over to
       | other areas such as service jobs.
       | 
       | Some reasons that are often cited why Norrland is a good location
       | is the availability of clean energy from hydropower[0] and that
       | there is also a high level of competence already when it comes to
       | modern manufacturing methods.
       | 
       |  _[Edit: province - region]_
       | 
       | [0] Totally different story in the south of Sweden where nuclear
       | reactors have been decomissioned, and the energy availability
       | seems to become more and more uncertain.
        
         | rags2riches wrote:
         | (Norrland isn't a province. It's one of three regions of
         | Sweden, roughly the two northern thirds of the country by area,
         | containing nine of the twenty-five traditional provinces.)
        
           | cpach wrote:
           | Good point! I edited my comment.
        
           | GaylordTuring wrote:
           | This is further complicated by the fact that Sweden is
           | divided into 21 administrative units (the twenty-five
           | traditional provinces are non-administrative units), in
           | Swedish called "regioner" (formerly "landsting"), where five
           | of these are situated in Norrland.
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | It may be also relevant that (from Wikipedia) it only has
           | 1.2M /10.3M = 12% of the population of Sweden.
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | Way more than Montana, which has only .3% of the US
             | population, though Norrland and Montana are similar in
             | absolute numbers.
        
           | nodesocket wrote:
           | Interesting. I've been to Stockholm a few times extended and
           | definitely heard of Lapland, but not Norland.
        
             | Lapland wrote:
             | Lappland is a part of Norrland, but both of these terms are
             | used in a historical sense as cultural/geographical
             | regions, and nowadays replaced by counties
        
               | nodesocket wrote:
               | Username checks out. :-)
        
             | alkonaut wrote:
             | Norr means "north". Norrland is the Northern 2/3 of the
             | country. It's not formally defined but more like the
             | "Midwest" and similar. Lapland is a part of Norrland.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | Lapland is a historical province in Sweden. You'll also
             | find a northernmost part of Finland with the same name:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapland
             | 
             | One area around three national parts (Padjelanta, Sarek,
             | Stora sjofallet) is also called Laponia.
             | 
             | But the political division of Sweden around that area -
             | that's Norbottens lan, so that's the subdivision that
             | people care most about in their day-to-day life.
        
             | cuspycode wrote:
             | Finland was historically a part of Sweden for about 600
             | years, and the northernmost part was called Lapland.
             | Nowadays that part is split into Swedish Lapland and
             | Finnish Lapland. Norrland (literally "northern land") is
             | the name for the part of Sweden that is north of
             | approximately 61 degrees northern latitude, so it includes
             | Swedish Lapland but also a lot more.
        
         | zibzab wrote:
         | Green Steel sounds extremely interesting.
         | 
         | If this is succesful, I hope it leads to big changes in other
         | heavy industries.
        
           | cpach wrote:
           | I fully agree. I'm very excited to follow this development.
        
           | jlundberg wrote:
           | Here's a link with more info in english on the topic:
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-23/hydrogen-.
           | ..
        
         | occz wrote:
         | Is Province really the correct nomenclature for Norrland? I'd
         | call it a region at best.
        
           | GaylordTuring wrote:
           | Region in English, yes, using the definition from Wikipedia:
           | "In geography, regions are areas that are broadly divided by
           | physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact
           | characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of
           | humanity and the environment (environmental geography)".
           | 
           | Absolutely not "region" in Swedish though, which refers to
           | the 21 administrative units that Sweden is divided into.
           | 
           | I've always found it extremely difficult to translate these
           | concepts between different languages.
        
           | mongol wrote:
           | Norrland is one of three landsdelar. Wikipedia translates it
           | Lands of Sweden.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lands_of_Sweden
        
         | nickik wrote:
         | Telga, one of my favorite battery supply companies is up there
         | too. They will be locally mining, refining and coat graphite in
         | the same area.
         | 
         | Its a really cool company, I recommend people check them out.
        
       | Robotbeat wrote:
       | Good. We need as much battery capacity as possible. We need to
       | overbuild it so batteries are super cheap and carmakers are
       | begging customers to buy EVs.
        
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