[HN Gopher] Work from home and productivity: evidence from perso...
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       Work from home and productivity: evidence from personnel and
       analytics data [pdf]
        
       Author : amadeuspagel
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2021-06-11 00:15 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bfi.uchicago.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bfi.uchicago.edu)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Whoops, I put this in the second-chance pool but it looks like
       | this already had a discussion. Sorry!
       | 
       |  _Work from Home and Productivity_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27154368 - May 2021 (131
       | comments)
        
       | taneq wrote:
       | > Employees with children living at home increased hours
       | workedmore than those without children at home, and suffered a
       | bigger decline in productivity than thosewithout children.
       | 
       | This tells you all you need to know about the study. You can't
       | analyse the relative effectiveness of working from home and
       | working in the office when you're conflating "remote work" with
       | "trying to get something done on your laptop on the kitchen table
       | while working from home due to the pandemic, while your two
       | early-primary-school-aged kids, who you are simultaneously trying
       | to home-school due to the pandemic, are running amok in the
       | lounge room."
        
         | _jal wrote:
         | > This tells you all you need to know about the study.
         | 
         | Your comment only tells me you wanted a different study than
         | the one they did.
         | 
         | Asking what happened in the real world, including in a range of
         | work situations, is a very interesting question to ask.
         | 
         | Looking for/at the delta between optimal work-at-home and the
         | office would _also_ be interesting, for different reasons.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | Then call it what it is, "Working from home while
           | homeschooling during a pandemic, compared with normal office
           | work: Evidence from the trenches."
        
           | gnicholas wrote:
           | > _Your comment only tells me you wanted a different study
           | than the one they did._
           | 
           | Of course, don't we all? It would be much more useful to have
           | data on what remote work will be like in the future (i.e.,
           | when kids are in school/daycare).
           | 
           | There is something interesting about knowing the pros/cons of
           | what happened during the pandemic, but most of the time
           | research is done so that the conclusions can inform future
           | decisions. Here, the future decisions about WFH would benefit
           | from disentangling the WFH aspect from the COVID-induced
           | remote school aspect.
           | 
           | One way to accomplish this is to assume that all workers who
           | have kids (and lost productivity as a result) would have had
           | the same productivity gains of people without kids. There are
           | probably smarter/more nuanced ways to determine the global
           | pros/cons of WFH in the future.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | A study of unprepared people being locked at home without
           | childcare or schooling, without time to setup an office and
           | in companies in dissarray is about as representative of home
           | working as people falling overboard the titanic are
           | representatice of health benefits of swimming.
           | 
           | Similarly if a group of tourists gets lost in the jungle we
           | don't call that a study of prehistoric tribal life.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | I managed mixed in-office and WFH teams before the pandemic.
         | 
         | There was a stark productivity drop every summer when kids were
         | out on summer break. This includes parents with dedicated home
         | offices who had been WFH for many years.
         | 
         | The effect was so predictable that we planned for lower
         | velocity during summer months. It was also common practice for
         | WFH employees to spend more time in the office for more focus
         | during summer months if they lived close enough.
         | 
         | That's not to say that kids are the biggest WFH productivity
         | killer. IMO the people who struggled most were the young people
         | who thought they could travel around and work remotely because
         | it doesn't matter where they're working from. It turns out it's
         | plainly obvious that they don't get much work done when they're
         | away from home. But that's another story.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | Vitriolic discussion around this. I'm completely unsurprised. All
       | the key findings are easy to see in my own group. People are
       | working longer hours because they are unaccustomed to working
       | from home near their gaming rigs, or are making up unproductive
       | day hours that their kids interrupted. Its harder to drop in and
       | get quick exchange of information, leading to more meetings, etc.
       | 
       | The danger is that people (c-suite) see this and think it can't
       | be done. It can, but COVID was an imperfect laboratory for
       | studying this.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | I managed mixed WFH teams before COVID. It was widely
         | understood that WFH was a productivity obstacle long before
         | quarantines. We usually gave it as a perk to high performing
         | employees who had already proven their ability to get things
         | done and self-manage, or for exceptional employees who couldn't
         | or wouldn't relocate near an office.
         | 
         | The idea that WFH is no different than in-office work didn't
         | really become popular until COVID.
         | 
         | Offices and in-person communication are unmatched for
         | collaboration and communication efficiency. Any company doing
         | work that requires significant collaboration (most tech
         | companies of size) pays a price for WFH. For many companies
         | that overhead is fine if accounted for and managed, but it's
         | still a price.
        
       | saas_sam wrote:
       | I remember reading on a different post (can't find it) that
       | productivity went up sharply at the beginning of the pandemic-
       | induced WFH trend, but then subsided over time. The thinking was
       | that people were on their toes early on for fear of being viewed
       | as a slacker, but then once they adjusted to WFH they relaxed.
       | Maybe someone else saw this study...
        
         | mikelward wrote:
         | People were running on adrenaline at first. Then the fatigue of
         | having kids at home and not having the usual ways to let off
         | steam eventually hit.
        
       | rodcoelho wrote:
       | This doesn't really take into consideration that a lot of
       | businesses/teams within orgs had to quickly pivot strategies due
       | to market conditions. Scrapping plans and shifting priorities
       | last minute, a.k.a. thrash, comes at a cost. So yes it's not
       | totally surprising that people had to work more hours to
       | accomplish a similar output
        
       | stinkbomb wrote:
       | My company started doing a serious WFH 'experiment' about 18
       | months before COVID hit. The team I oversee consists of a dozen
       | or so teams of about 40-50 developers each, with a manager that
       | reports directly to me. I don't manage the devs directly, but
       | deal with dev productivity and budgets for (amongst other things)
       | staffing. So our N is not small, but not huge either.
       | 
       | 50% of our devs - randomly selected - were offered the chance to
       | WFH, and about 95% of them wound up doing WFH at least 3 days a
       | week, rising to 5 days a week after a few months. The other 50%
       | stayed in the office. The teams that went WFH and the other 50%
       | don't work on the same projects or in the same location.
       | 
       | After about 6 months, we started looking at productivity metrics
       | using a couple Pinpoint-like tools that we built. Simple metrics
       | like: backlog change time, on-time delivery, workload balance,
       | LOC/Checkins ratio, etc. We also tracked things like non-code
       | calendar hours, time logging delays, and other non-development
       | related activity.
       | 
       | Neither group knew what we were tracking or how often. The
       | results were pretty clear as soon as 6 - 9 months in: WFH numbers
       | sucked pretty hard. Everything was down across the board, and it
       | seemed like WFH devs were spending 15-30% more time in non-
       | development tasks, their PR reject rate was as much as 40% higher
       | than office-based devs.
       | 
       | Things were so bad that if COVID had not hit, we were going to
       | abandon the idea of letting people WFH altogether outside of
       | extreme circumstances.
       | 
       | We aren't a unique shop. We're not doing anything out of the
       | ordinary - we're developing on a variety of web and RT device
       | platforms, but doing the same stuff in similar ways as other
       | companies. We have a pretty flat team structure, and teams have a
       | lot of flexibility and decision-making power, which has always
       | worked well for us.
       | 
       | However, it's clear to me and the other execs that WFH absolutely
       | does not work for us.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | This matches my experience as well: Measurably reduced
         | velocity, noticeably higher rates of rejected PRs and broken
         | builds, and a palpable worsening of productivity and team
         | happiness.
         | 
         | The strangest part is that if you asked individual developers,
         | they would insist that WFH made them more productive and
         | increased their efficiency. Yet managers and the data
         | universally agreed that the opposite was true.
         | 
         | There's something about WFH that puts distance between
         | individuals and the overall big picture reality in a way that
         | makes these overall issues difficult to see from individual
         | perspectives. It also slowed and dampened all of the feedback
         | loops, giving people the wrong impression that they were
         | working on the right thing or producing proper results until
         | much later. We tried compensating with even more manager effort
         | and over-the-top communication repetition to try to keep
         | everyone informed but it didn't really help.
         | 
         | There were a few exceptions of people who had identical levels
         | of performance during WFH, but they generally achieved it with
         | significantly more work and proactive communication. Those who
         | struggled the most were juniors who felt like they fell through
         | the cracks.
         | 
         | It's a difficult topic to discuss on HN because few of us like
         | to admit that WFH is, on average, a struggle for companies. No
         | one likes the idea that WFH comes at a cost.
        
         | layoric wrote:
         | Would make a great write up. Interested in the details around
         | what was changed in the company to support this hybrid
         | approach. Also breakdown of devs first time WFH.
         | 
         | From my experience, office->hybrid doesn't work well as the the
         | staff don't have the same level of support and processes don't
         | change to adjust to the change. My first year of WFH (nearly 7
         | years ago now) was a pretty rough adjustment even though I
         | wanted to do it (glad I stuck with it).
         | 
         | Like most things in life, "Is WFH is more productive?", "it
         | depends". Props for doing the experiment and sharing details.
        
         | tayo42 wrote:
         | Does your company help make remote work easier? I guess I could
         | understand that if you took a group used to an office and then
         | forced them to be remote there would be some struggles. I think
         | effective remote work has a bit of a learning curve and needs
         | some investment up front. I think you would need to believe the
         | potential is there and worth chasing.
        
         | wcarss wrote:
         | This is really interesting!
         | 
         | Do you know anything about the tools/methodologies of the teams
         | that went part WFH and the adjustments they made when changing
         | up their workstyle?
         | 
         | For example, do you know things like whether meetings were held
         | at their previously scheduled times, vs. whether people started
         | shifting them around to "meet when we're all here", or whether
         | conversations and decisions were pushed organizationally to be
         | more public, visible, and documented, vs made by whoever was in
         | the office, because they could have a hallway chat?
         | 
         | Anecdotally, a friend of mine works at a "remote-first"
         | company, where even when the whole team is in the office,
         | they'll typically meet through zoom/hangouts at their desks,
         | and I have other friends who are "the remote person" on an in-
         | office team. There's a _huge_ gap in the experiences of those
         | two, which is why I ask about those kind of factors in your
         | experience.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Interesting data driven approach to the problem. Would you be
         | available to share more details about aggregate outcomes in
         | private? Curious if you were able to slice out common patterns.
        
       | geodel wrote:
       | I hope people do not much from this study done in a single IT
       | Service company based in India. One critically important thing to
       | remember is they are "Outlay based" instead of "Outcome based".
       | So things measured are hours billed, time-sheets filled and
       | reports generated. What work got done and was it even half useful
       | to client is of secondary importance at these companies.
       | 
       | I interviewed few years back so thing they ask it if person is
       | married or have kids because they are likely to take more
       | vacations.
       | 
       | I wish they actually detailed the company name. Because if they
       | did and my guess is correct this company is getting hammered as
       | J2EE/.net support model is collapsing. There were some very large
       | layoffs in last few year even before Covid.
        
       | st8675309 wrote:
       | Surprised this post isn't getting more comments. The result is
       | pretty clear with over 10,000 participants in the study.
       | 
       | >>Total hours worked increased by roughly 30%, including a rise
       | of 18% in working after normal business hours. Average output did
       | not significantly change. Therefore, productivity fell by about
       | 20%. Time spent on coordination activities and meetings
       | increased, but uninterrupted work hours shrank considerably.
        
         | tetranomiga wrote:
         | >The result is pretty clear with over 10,000 participants in
         | the study.
         | 
         | They're all from the same Asian company, it's far from clear.
        
         | altdataseller wrote:
         | All from the same company though.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Anecdotally, I've seen this happen on my team, and it is the
         | single biggest factor that makes me somewhat receptive to going
         | back into the office. It's easier to draw a line between work
         | and home that way.
         | 
         | Maybe we should just turn Slack off altogether outside of
         | business hours, and only enable it in emergencies. LOL
        
           | chasedehan wrote:
           | You should turn Slack off outside business hours! And, remove
           | from your phone. If there is a true emergency, this is why
           | people are on call.
           | 
           | This applies equally to whether wfh or in office.
        
         | geodel wrote:
         | > Surprised this post isn't getting more comments.
         | 
         | From article:
         | 
         | "The company that provided data is one of the world's largest
         | IT services companies. They have over 150,000 employees who
         | work with clients across the globe. Most work in the home
         | country, a rapidly- developing Asian nation."
         | 
         | This is about a half-assed Indian "IT Services" company. (From
         | where I am. Need to specify lest I also be branded as racist
         | white dude or whatever). So there is hardly anything to learn
         | in general. Of course similar type IT companies can learn that
         | their lazy micro-managers need to do even more micro managing
         | to get anything done.
         | 
         | The only thing I learned is that one can get even prestigious
         | institution like University of Chicago to do shady shit if
         | there is enough money to motivate.
        
           | mym1990 wrote:
           | Pretty hostile here from multiple angles. You ok?
        
             | geodel wrote:
             | Never been better. Thanks for asking!
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | Interesting. This contradicts the prevailing HN sentiment that
         | WFH increases productivity because there's less time spent
         | socializing or dealing with distractions.
        
           | postalrat wrote:
           | I'm confident that HN sentiment is a fantasy created by
           | people who are barely working.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | It varies dramatically by circumstance. I had coworkers who
           | struggled with 3-4 kids and working spouse at home.
           | 
           | For me, my son is 9 and my wife was partially at home. No big
           | deal for my productivity. For my sister, she sold her car and
           | hired a nanny for a year.
        
       | songshuu wrote:
       | While it is given a brief nod in the paper, it is worth
       | reiterating:
       | 
       | WFH during a global pandemic is not the same as WFH generally.
       | 
       | I say this as someone who has been remote for years.
       | 
       | Run this same study starting in September (barring huge Delta
       | variant outbreak in the US) and you'll see a totally different
       | set of numbers.
        
       | adflux wrote:
       | I have been unfortunate enough to be "diagnosed" with ADHD at a
       | young age. Oh how strange it is that a child can't concentrate
       | with 25 of his peers hopping and chatting around him, let's
       | medicate him as soon as possible! /rant off
       | 
       | Well, a few years ago I rented an office space with a friend of
       | mine, just the two of us in a very spacious (100m2), light and
       | well-ventilated office. We received no phone calls, there were no
       | people walking in, or cats and girlfriends asking for attention.
       | I had less distractions than I had at home, and much less than in
       | a traditional office. And it was a dedicated area for "work". A
       | comfortable desk and chair, two monitors and a fast pc.
       | 
       | All these factors made it so much easier to concentrate and get
       | into the flow... If I had to put a number on it I'd say I would
       | be at least 1.5x more effective working in an area like that
       | compared to a traditional office or at my desk at home.
       | 
       | I will NEVER again say that I am someone who has trouble
       | concentrating, having worked in a place like that.
       | 
       | I wonder if (and how much) the lack of a proper workplace
       | explains the decrease in output when working from home in this
       | study. I can imagine a decrease in productivity if you have to
       | share your home and workplace with other people or even
       | children... But when your children and partner are at work, or if
       | you have a seperate workspace, I wonder how the two compare then.
        
         | throwasquirrel wrote:
         | I have been unfortunate enough to _not_ be diagnosed with ADHD
         | until middle age, and I 'm sorry to hear about your apparent
         | misdiagnosis but for people who actually do have the condition,
         | it's very real and it very much sucks. It's not just "someone
         | walked into the room and I lost my train of thought", it's "I
         | have one simple task to do and I know exactly how to do it and
         | it's been hours but I still can't make myself do the thing no
         | matter how much I want to."
         | 
         | It's "I haven't done my taxes for 18 months even though it
         | would only take a day, and I _cannot_ force myself to do it no
         | matter how hard I try. "
         | 
         | It's "I've been unable to fold my laundry for six weeks even
         | though I've alphabetized my cutlery drawer, twice."
         | 
         | It's "I have to document this project but no matter how much I
         | want to just do it, I nevertheless continually find myself on
         | imgur or Facebook or Hacker News or some random other website
         | reading up about how switched-reluctance motors or Monte Carlo
         | tree search or whatever works."
         | 
         | It's lack of executive function when you need it and it's the
         | inability to think about anything else when something's grabbed
         | your focus and it's a built-in character flaw that you can't
         | "just choose to not have" and it's growing up thinking you're
         | "just lazy" but "have so much potential" and it just. f*king.
         | sucks.
         | 
         | If all you need in order to focus on the thing you want to
         | focus on is for no-one to interrupt you, you don't have ADHD.
         | 
         | /rant
        
           | throwaway256978 wrote:
           | I haven't been diagnosed and don't know where to start. One
           | of my teachers had suggested in early grade school that I had
           | a "developmental disability" but my parents resisted and
           | prevented me from being assessed and prevented me from being
           | in the special needs program. Partially because they didn't
           | really believe in the concept and partially because they
           | feared that it would negatively affect my social development.
           | 
           | I struggled throughout school, struggled even harder
           | throughout university (it took me _many_ years to graduate)
           | and am currently floundering in my job.
           | 
           | I have had the exact same experience with my
           | taxes/laundry/reports but I have no family doctor and no way
           | to get one. Besides a GP, the mental health options for such
           | things in my city are limited to minors and adults in
           | assisted living situations.
        
           | cecilpl2 wrote:
           | > "I have to document this project but no matter how much I
           | want to just do it, I nevertheless continually find myself on
           | imgur or Facebook or Hacker News or some random other website
           | reading up about how switched-reluctance motors or Monte
           | Carlo tree search or whatever works."
           | 
           | This is why I learned more about grain bins and low-head dams
           | this week than I did the tool I was supposed to be building.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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