[HN Gopher] NASA can't figure out what's causing computer issues...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NASA can't figure out what's causing computer issues on the Hubble
       telescope
        
       Author : fortran77
       Score  : 282 points
       Date   : 2021-06-24 13:43 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | prog17analyst1 wrote:
       | I know people say this a lot, but in this case I really think a
       | (at least partial) rewrite in Rust of the Hubble software would
       | be very beneficial. We could gather some of the most
       | distinguished coders here in hacker-news and create a task force
       | to show them the benefits of rust's memory safety.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure Hubble didn't crash due to a memory overflow.
         | It is almost certainly a hardware failure somewhere, and Rust's
         | memory safety won't help you if a failed bus or flaky memory
         | chip is corrupting your data.
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | > Most of Hubble's components have redundant back-ups, so once
       | scientists figure out the specific component that's causing the
       | computer problem, they can remotely switch over to its back-up
       | part.
       | 
       | Of course they do! I wonder if they ever had to put another part
       | out of service. I also wonder whether the twin of the part could
       | also suffer the same failure at the same time without being used.
        
         | mikeytown2 wrote:
         | Gyroscopes are in short supply on Hubble currently
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | And that despite regular servicing back when we still had the
           | Space Shuttle.
           | 
           | Hubble started out with 6 gyroscopes, in 1996 they replaced
           | four of them, by 1999 four had failed so they replaced all
           | six, by 2009 three had failed again, so they replaced all
           | six. Now they are again down to three, and one of the
           | remaining ones has a defect that required some workarounds.
           | The last three gyros are at least a new design that should
           | last a bit longer.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | It sounds like a specific failure of gyros, what
             | characteristic causes that failure? Are they more
             | susceptible to cosmic rays or something? Do you know how
             | they've mitigated that failure?
        
               | dangrossman wrote:
               | This webpage describes Hubble's gyros and the reason some
               | of the earlier ones failed:
               | https://esahubble.org/about/general/gyroscopes/
        
       | Koshkin wrote:
       | They should have moved to the cloud. /ducks
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | This is a truly stellar wit.
         | 
         | But in all honesty, how would an internet across the solar
         | system work?
        
           | hughrr wrote:
           | UUCP via tightbeam.
        
           | throw_away wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_Internet
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | store and forward
        
             | selimnairb wrote:
             | UUCP
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I wasn't joking: https://www.quantamagazine.org/vint-
               | cerfs-plan-for-building-...
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | I'd it can work over carrier pigeon [1], it can work over
           | long distance radio.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _how would an internet across the solar system work?_
           | 
           | Realistically, each ~150 ms sphere would have its own cloud
           | infrastructure. Those systems would then bridge with one
           | another. So idk AWS on Earth and DogeNet on Mars.
           | 
           | I would love for a distributed model as much as the next guy,
           | but it's unlikely to happen for the same reasons that it
           | isn't happening today.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | More than 150ms. There are currently satellite internet
             | services that you can get that use geosynchronous orbits
             | outside of that 150ms zone.
             | 
             | The idea is sound, but the zone needs to be a bit bigger in
             | reality. I think the moon is close enough to earth to be in
             | the same zone (assuming antennas on "both sides", and
             | special routing protocols to deal with day/night cycles)
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | But if each node communicated within its 150ms sphere, and
             | you place nodes 10ms (3,000 km?), could this serve as a
             | mesh network?
        
               | skylanh wrote:
               | I think you have an interesting idea, but might not be
               | thinking of the physics involved.
               | 
               | > The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about
               | 54.6 million kilometers. The farthest apart they can be
               | is about 401 million km. The average distance is about
               | 225 million km.
               | 
               | Loosely, the speed of light is ~300,000km/s. So 182s,
               | 1333s, and 750s as an absolute minimum length of time
               | from end to end.
               | 
               | So, there are varying orbits, that's one problem. The
               | other problem is getting items into solar orbits.
               | 
               | I didn't think of this, but now you have an even bigger
               | problem of trying to keep those items in some sort of
               | array that is in a direct line between Earth<->Mars.
               | 
               | If we hand-wave away that problem, the next problem is
               | that each hop is adding latency, so, the direct answer
               | is: no, it makes things slower, and it's a significantly
               | harder problem than just communicating across that
               | distance.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Array? Nah, just a very dense distribution :)
               | 
               | But I appreciate the thought you put into this. Thank
               | you!
        
           | falcolas wrote:
           | Slowly.
           | 
           | There's open efforts to work on a protocol that would work
           | with the extreme latency and packet loss. They're really
           | quite fascinating.
        
           | zahrc wrote:
           | Can't wait to have gigabit speed on the moon while my home
           | broadband still dies when I open a Netflix stream
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | Comms to rovers etc use store-and-forward protocols with pre-
           | planning of when which node will be able to see which other
           | node. (E.g. it's calculated when which dish on earth can send
           | a signal that will be seen by a probe around e.g. Mars, and
           | then when the probe can downlink to a rover on the surface,
           | and when the replies can be transmitted)
           | 
           | Look into "Delay-tolerant networking" for more details.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Nah, they went for heavenly computing instead
        
         | IgorPartola wrote:
         | AWS Lens: giant satellite telescope control as a service!
        
           | BlewisJS wrote:
           | This kinda already exists: https://aws.amazon.com/ground-
           | station/
        
             | marcus_holmes wrote:
             | Is this becoming the tech equivalent of "not The Onion"?
             | Pick an implausible service and guess if it's actually
             | available on AWS...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ianbooker wrote:
         | They did:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_Observatory_for_...
        
           | prox wrote:
           | Didn't they also get a few older (Hubble type) spy satellites
           | to use? I remember a story about that.
        
             | atommclain wrote:
             | My hazy memory is that the NRO offered NASA a few satellite
             | bodies that they could populate with optic systems. Since
             | they were originally designed for monitoring earth they
             | aren't well suited for capturing data at much longer
             | distances. If I recall correctly I think someone explained
             | that it's like trying to peer through a straw, it works,
             | but ideally you'd want a much wider field of view. And
             | apparently the James Web telescope handles this much
             | better.
        
               | privong wrote:
               | The NRO satellites actually have an optical design with a
               | larger field of view than Hubble does. One of the NRO
               | spacecraft busses is being use for the WFIRST / Nancy
               | Grace Roman space telescope because of the wider field of
               | view.
        
               | atommclain wrote:
               | Good info, thanks for the corrections!
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | They're launching one, the other is waiting for a use-
               | case.
        
       | chias wrote:
       | I can't figure out what's causing computer issues _on my desk._ I
       | 'm not even in space.
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | have you tried turning it off and then on again
        
           | chias wrote:
           | Yup! Nevertheless, it remains a macbook ;)
        
         | mcc1ane wrote:
         | everything's in space
        
           | sharkweek wrote:
           | "It's all in your head, but so is everything."
        
             | slver wrote:
             | Technically the universe is projected into our brain and we
             | only perceive that projection. The problem is that it's a
             | very shitty projection.
        
               | Koshkin wrote:
               | Good enough not to miss the bowl.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | "Everything in space is trying to kill you. And everything is
           | in space."
        
         | ssully wrote:
         | Responding to this comment while debugging a CI/CD pipeline
         | failure for the last hour. I'll toast to the NASA engineers
         | with my cup of coffee.
        
           | testingcodehere wrote:
           | Have you tried turning it off and turning it on again?
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | Time to bust out the tinkertoys!
       | 
       | https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/hubble-memorable-moment...
        
       | desktopninja wrote:
       | I wonder if NASA would welcome a live worldwide collaboration to
       | try solve this problem.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | The probably 5 people in the world who are domain experts in
         | the Hubble's control system don't really need a hundred
         | backseat drivers, that won't help any.
         | 
         | And as someone who has been invited into "war rooms" by
         | managers who do the "you're smart so of course you can help
         | these other smart people stuck on a hard problem" there's a
         | real skill to being able to read the room and know when to back
         | the fuck out of it or just shut the fuck up -- which most
         | intellectuals don't have. Sit and listen for awhile and take it
         | in. Then maybe take your best idea and ask a very toned down
         | question. If the person who seems to be leading the
         | troubleshooting instructs you on why that's wrong, throws in 3
         | neighboring ideas that also don't work, with 5 reasons you
         | haven't considered for why that's the entirely wrong path, then
         | just nod in agreement and be quiet and see what you can learn
         | from the domain experts.
         | 
         | Peppering that team with a dozen outside "experts" is going to
         | be useless because they'll just start getting really defensive
         | after awhile, and even if someone winds up throwing out the
         | right solution they'll probably reflexively reject it.
         | 
         | OTOH if that team ASKS for someone who has expertise the team
         | lacks and needs, then go assemble a team skilled at the use of
         | cellphones and the internet to hunt that person down and drag
         | them into the conversation.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Give me 5-10 years at NASA working on Hubble and I can be a
           | domain expert useful in the room. Until then I'm a C++ expert
           | who needs to keep his mouth shut unless asked a difficult C++
           | question (I wouldn't be surprised if Hubble is written in Ada
           | and they can't possibly have a difficult C++ question).
        
         | desktopninja wrote:
         | I doubt we (humans) can be respectful enough to each other in
         | truly a global event where an individual partakes in the war
         | room. What I'm thinking here is, and I admit a rather
         | simplistic view ... here is the problem; here is how to
         | observe/debug, submit what you think would be the solution.
         | This would be reviewed/vetted.
         | 
         | Most likely school/college/university teams knowledgeable in
         | the subject matter would be the "individuals".
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | beprogrammed wrote:
         | Too many cooks in the kitchen.
         | 
         | Despite the article trying to phrase it as if they have no idea
         | what to do, they know there computer incredibly well, it's a
         | matter of going through the steps and isolating the problem.
        
           | desktopninja wrote:
           | RE: Too many cooks in the kitchen. Very right. But sometimes
           | I think humans can behave well.
        
       | spamizbad wrote:
       | Might be a hardware issue. Tin whiskers? Electromigration?
        
       | qzw wrote:
       | _pushes up glasses_ I would watch the heck out of a Twitch stream
       | of their debugging /brainstorming sessions. I always loved the
       | movie _Apollo 13_ , especially the technical troubleshooting
       | parts.
        
         | macksd wrote:
         | Honestly that movie is a lot of why I got into math and
         | engineering.
         | 
         | Jim Lovell was undeniably a badass but I watched that movie and
         | thought the heroes were the ones reading telemetry off a
         | computer screen and using their slide rule to figure out what
         | to do. I hope Hidden Figures does that for another generation.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Not was. _Is_!
           | 
           | I noticed on the last season of the Expanse that Luna
           | headquarters was named after him and bothered to look him up.
           | Dude's 93 and still kicking!
           | 
           | It's amazing how well the astronaut medical screening worked.
           | Unless they get killed in the line of duty, these guys are
           | all living incredibly long.
        
           | seanc wrote:
           | Like John Aaron, the steely eyed missile man!
        
         | geoduck14 wrote:
         | Me, earlier this week:
         | 
         | Did that work... no. Well, what about... THIS... still no. 3
         | hours later... clear the cache?!? Aww crap
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I have no idea if it would be more or less exciting than a tech
         | company warroom.
        
         | falcrist wrote:
         | It's worth noting that the people in that movie were WAY more
         | loud and emotional than the real NASA engineers and operators.
         | 
         | You can see how NASA people react to tough situations by
         | watching the videos of mission control during the Challenger
         | and Columbia disasters. No shouting. No arguments. Just cool
         | professionalism and restrained emotions.
         | 
         | They have a job to do, and they do it well even under stress.
         | "Steely-eyed missile men/women" indeed.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | > _the people in that movie were WAY more loud and emotional
           | than the real NASA engineers and operators._
           | 
           | There are plenty of NASA engineers and leaders who lose their
           | cool. I'm only saying that so people don't overly lionize
           | them in a way that prevents them from pursuing a similar job
           | because they feel they are somehow cut from a different
           | cloth.
        
             | erosenbe0 wrote:
             | Everybody knows that when presented with the irrefutable
             | evidence that the Challenger o-rings would fail, they more
             | or less just let the astronauts die. Definitely cut from
             | same cloth as any other org.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | That's not quite accurate. It wasn't that there was
               | "irrefutable" evidence that the o-rings would fail, it
               | was there wasn't data that they would, or wouldn't, fail.
               | 
               | "The O-rings were never tested in extreme cold."[1]
               | 
               | There wasn't data which led to discussions about
               | uncertainty, but that shouldn't be conflated with
               | irrefutable evidence of failure.
               | 
               | The obviousness of it (like many engineering failures)
               | was only apparent in hindsight.
               | 
               | "Evidence, in retrospect, points to a long period of
               | time, especially based on post-flight inspections when
               | the joint design weakness was 'sending a message' and the
               | true potential of this message was not perceived and
               | reacted to."[2]
               | 
               | "Not perceived" isn't compatible with "irrefutable
               | evidence that it would fail".
               | 
               | [1] https://www.space.com/31732-space-shuttle-challenger-
               | disaste...
               | 
               | [2]https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-
               | CRPT-99hrpt1016/pdf/...
        
         | kabdib wrote:
         | Henry S F Cooper Jr.'s book _The Evening Star_ describes some
         | of the remote debugging and other problem solving that was
         | necessary when the Magellan probe experienced computer problems
         | while orbiting Venus. It 's been a few decades since I read it,
         | but it was pretty detailed and rather exciting.
        
           | kevmo wrote:
           | This sort of comment is why I still read HN.
        
             | barkingcat wrote:
             | And the people downvoting this comment is why I will stop
             | reading HN.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | NeutronStar wrote:
               | What did that comment actually bring to the conversation?
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | It encourages others to post more these comments.
               | 
               | Since comment scores was removed this is the only way to
               | signal this to others besides the original commenter.
               | 
               | That said it should not be overused. If it annoys someone
               | I guess they should downvote it but I don't think there
               | is a need to reflexively downvote every time someone adds
               | a friendly meta comment.
               | 
               | (And if people start gaming it for karma farming I guess
               | it should be downvoted relentlessly until that stops :-)
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | It didn't necessarily bring anything to this one
               | conversation. It did, however, communicate that "this is
               | the type of information that that person finds valuable
               | on Hacker News". And knowing what other people in your
               | social group like to hear/discuss is an important part of
               | keeping that group vibrant and wonderful.
               | 
               | So no, it's probably not as useful as the comment it was
               | referring too, but it was useful (to some of us) as it
               | pertains to the community as a whole.
        
               | gentleman11 wrote:
               | Occasionally, very occasionally, it's nice to read
               | somebody just expressing enthusiasm instead of just
               | posting a clever counter argument. It's like a spice that
               | you only want a little of but that's still nice
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | Eh, I can understand both sides of the fence. 'this is
               | why I read HN' is nothing but a slightly more verbal
               | '+1', but as you stated it does humanize HN and makes it
               | feel more social.
               | 
               | In terms of downvotes, what really irks me and what I
               | often see is people posting factually correct
               | information, but still being sent into faded oblivion
               | because some sect of the community's worldview doesn't
               | agree with the facts.
        
               | ben0x539 wrote:
               | I don't understand this viewpoint. Information being
               | factually correct is a low bar. I have a lot of factually
               | correct information that is irrelevant or misleading, or
               | that I could state in a way that drags down the level of
               | discourse more than it illuminates truth. Factually
               | correct information is usually involved in tu quoque
               | fallacies, or used to goad people into drawing false,
               | non-sequitur conclusions. The Hacker News guidelines lay
               | out a list of expectations for comments that go beyond
               | factual correctness.
               | 
               | If someone uses factually correct information to make a
               | comment thread worse, I can see how downvotes could be
               | justified.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | "this"
        
               | r_police wrote:
               | I mean, you could watch the same news on r/news if you
               | want to see that kind of comments. We don't do that here,
               | and tourists always try to emulate their customes but it
               | is still wrong.
               | 
               | Just commenting as a person with many years on this
               | platform.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Does that spice go bad if it turns gray?
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | Conversation.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | It's arguably even worse than just commenting "This." At
               | least that is small enough you can scan over it and
               | barely even register its existence. But this fedora-
               | tipping "Thank you kind sir this is the type of Internet
               | Content I enjoy!" doesn't even afford you that luxury.
        
               | omikun wrote:
               | How could it have been reworded to avoid the "fedora-
               | tipping" connotation?
               | 
               | I'm being sincere here since I also appreciate book
               | recommendations and I get probably half my book
               | recommendations from HN.
        
               | Freestyler_3 wrote:
               | I think the point is to instead of using the keyboard,
               | use the mouse to click the up arrow, and leave it at
               | that. (I know how tempting it is to reply quickly to
               | something, I have the urge to just post whats going on my
               | mind right away unfiltered. So I am very forgiving, but
               | not everyone is)
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | That only tells the person who owns the comment that you
               | appreciate it, with comment scores you're correct that
               | almost all "I like this" comments are wrong, without
               | comment scores then they become useful again.
        
               | amalcon wrote:
               | Worth considering that comment scores were hidden for a
               | reason. Exposing that information to everyone, as opposed
               | to just the comment author, does not necessarily improve
               | the discussion.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | This sort of comment is why I still read HN!
        
               | jbuhbjlnjbn wrote:
               | I really dislike the downvote function because it
               | reinforces self-censoring. And I completely loathe the
               | implementation of it, you need xxxx upvotes to downvote
               | posts....I have no words.
               | 
               | Well, in opposing it I especially read the faded comments
               | and upvote any of those that are not completely
               | abhorrent.
               | 
               | Take that, ycombinator.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | >I especially read the faded comments and upvote
               | 
               | This seems to happen a lot more frequently here than
               | anywhere else.
               | 
               | I'm not really sure what that says, other than people
               | still read comments that are faded. Also that people
               | shouldn't worry about self-censoring.
               | 
               | I don't have a problem with downvotes or the karma needed
               | to do it, but
               | 
               | I do sometimes wish it were possible to reply to a dead
               | comment, especially if you vouch for it and it's still
               | dead.
               | 
               | Sometimes they're worth defending, or is relevant in a
               | non-obvious way, and sometimes the comment itself is
               | discussion worthy, as it relates to the topic, even if
               | it's wrong or seems trollish.
        
         | ArcticCelt wrote:
         | This youtube series of video, follow a group that restored an
         | Apollo Guidance Computer that a collector basically pulled from
         | the trash.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KSahAoOLdU&list=PL-_93BVApb...
         | 
         | My favorite part is when they needed the version of the
         | software that was used for the moon landing but they only had
         | the source code for a previous version (scanned from giant
         | binder) and the hash value of the version of the landing. By a
         | series of educated guesses, by reading memos and by analysis of
         | the source code they modified the old code the exact way so it
         | gave them the correct hash, confirming that they correctly and
         | exactly recreated the original code.
         | 
         | It's being a while and I go from memory, I might have some
         | details wrong. See this video for this story.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JTa1RQxU04
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | Debugging on a computer that is down is not a very exciting
         | process.
        
           | mkarr wrote:
           | _pg down_
           | 
           | Sigh.
           | 
           |  _pg down_
           | 
           | Sigh
           | 
           | ...
           | 
           | Repeat for hours.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | In the movie _Hero_ [0], two kung fu masters fight a battle
           | purely in their minds. And when the mental fight was over,
           | they only execute one physical move to finish the battle.
           | 
           | Think of this as the computer equivalent of that scene.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299977/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | What a wonderful visual representation of the notion that,
             | "a battle is won before it begins."
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Which is a Tsun-tzu reference presumably, he says don't
               | enter a battle unless you have 'already' won (through
               | preparation, numerical supremacy, etc.).
        
             | avaldes wrote:
             | Like the battle between Sherlock and Moriarty in Sherlock
             | Holmes: A Game of Shadows?
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Yes. A lot of Western action movies owe their inspiration
               | to Chinese movies (and I suppose, viceversa). In this
               | case Hero (2002) -- or a similar movie, since I doubt it
               | invented this trope -- is likely an inspiration for A
               | Game of Shadows (2011).
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | HK movies clearly inspired the action movies of the 90s.
        
             | barbazoo wrote:
             | Both: Dance around for 10 minutes trying to out-physics
             | each other
             | 
             | Guy 1: Why don't I just poke him with the pointy bit
             | 
             | Great scene though, makes me want to watch the whole movie.
        
               | qzw wrote:
               | Yeah, this is strictly artistic kung fu, which is
               | basically high-mortality ballet. There are also many
               | "realistic" martial arts films, if that's your thing. I
               | enjoy both styles, depending on mood.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Agreed. Wuxia to be specific, which is kinda like fantasy
               | kung fu and has a long tradition.
               | 
               | It includes powers like becoming weightless, killing with
               | a single movement, flying, etc.
        
             | NetOpWibby wrote:
             | This sounds amazing!
        
             | bshep wrote:
             | In case anyone wants to watch a clip of the fight:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/AeeoEpmyb2Y
        
               | fishtoaster wrote:
               | _Hero_'s always been one of my favorites. A lot of kung
               | fu movies try to strike a balance between aesthetics and
               | realism - I really enjoy a movie that picks one (in this
               | case the former) and goes all in on it. It's got a fight
               | that takes place entirely on the surface of a lake, and
               | another that takes places in a forest of falling leaves
               | that change color several times throughout the scene.
               | It's an incredibly beautiful movie.
        
             | gautamcgoel wrote:
             | Ugh, such a good movie... If you haven't seen it, do
             | yourself a favor and go see it.
        
           | meepmorp wrote:
           | No, but "Debugging on a computer that is down... in space,"
           | does sound more interesting, right?
           | 
           | You have a computer that you can only interact with over a
           | radio link, and need to make it start working again with only
           | what you know about how the system is built and a limited set
           | of remote commands. Sounds like something I'd get obsessed
           | with solving.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | There is a game in here, somewhere, somehow.
        
               | zomglings wrote:
               | Paging Zachtronics (https://www.zachtronics.com/).
        
           | only_as_i_fall wrote:
           | I'll settle for the post-mortem
        
           | pbourke wrote:
           | Speak for yourself
        
           | zepearl wrote:
           | I did something like that when trying to boot my brand new
           | root server in Finland a few weeks ago (tried ~50 times while
           | having UEFI enabled plus mdadm raid1 on GPT partitions, never
           | worked, asked support to disable UEFI, worked).
           | 
           | Confirming that not being able to ping/connect to it during
           | the failed attempts was absolutely not exciting :)
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | especially with extremely long response times.
        
         | afterburner wrote:
         | I think what you're really saying is you'd watch the movie
         | version of this.
         | 
         | And considering there are no life or death stakes, it still
         | wouldn't be as exciting as Apollo 13.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | That might not be true though.
           | 
           | This guy took about 30 hours of video of him porting an 80s
           | version of unix to the ESP8266. Warts and all -- live!
           | 
           | I've started to watch it and it's fascinating!
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDHcGY7EzUM&t=62s
           | 
           | You could have a whole channel with different teams debugging
           | satellite technology and if you're bored, it would probably
           | be quite interesting. The bigger problem is most likely
           | concerns about IP and secret protocols and so on.
           | 
           | "And now Bob will log into TeleSat123 via SSH." <We see bob
           | type in root / password123>
           | 
           | "Oups, uh..gosh we'll just go to a commercial break!"
        
             | stackbutterflow wrote:
             | I guess the last thing you want when you're debugging
             | something during your work is for the whole word to watch
             | over your shoulder.
        
         | keanebean86 wrote:
         | This would be cool for earth satellites.
         | 
         | On the other hand watching a stream involving something on
         | Mars, let alone voyager, would be pretty boring!
         | 
         | Send: ls
         | 
         | Ok let's take a 20 minute break.
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | I've worked on something like this, just a lot more mundane.
           | We had Linux PCs strapped to the ceiling of various
           | locations, mostly malls, together with a camera and projector
           | to produce an interactive display on the floor. I had a
           | couple of times where somebody would be onsite and the
           | projector would be off or the display would be mangled. And
           | it takes quite a while to get a lift to get up to the box (if
           | it would even be allowed at that time of day), there was no
           | network at that time, and all they had was a wireless IR
           | keyboard that occasionally dropped keypresses.
           | 
           | Imagine dictating shell commands, over the phone, to a
           | salesperson who has no idea what half the characters are that
           | you're asking him to type, and the only output signal I could
           | come up with was ejecting the CD tray, which was just visible
           | from the ground...
           | 
           | (Note that the goal wasn't usually to fix things on the spot,
           | it was more to triage things like whether we needed to have a
           | replacement projector on hand, which was a big deal.)
        
           | abnry wrote:
           | Job Posting: NASA programmer, needs at least 1 wpm typing
           | speed and experience with compiling large projects.
        
             | gundul wrote:
             | Best programmer. -1 wpm.
        
               | Koshkin wrote:
               | Only needs a keyboard with one key.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | I'm so fast that I can do -127wpm. Only in certain
               | software though.
        
             | mkr-hn wrote:
             | Time to bring back flowchart templates.
        
             | diamondo25 wrote:
             | The amount of preparation is much, much more than every
             | other "accessible" installation. Typos are the worst to
             | recover from, backspace usually doesnt exist. As I've sent
             | commands to our Linux-running satellites, its usually
             | prepending your commands with ctrl-c characters and a
             | couple newlines at the end, just to make sure it runs and
             | nothing is left in the buffer. There is also a possibility
             | that commands get executed multiple times, and there are
             | usually limits in transmission speed, processing speed, and
             | frame length. Sending a lot of characters over a terminal
             | can cause characters to be eaten, creating typos you can't
             | see, affecting the commanding immensely.
        
               | 3pt14159 wrote:
               | I'm surprised theres no error correction in your uplink.
               | Crazy.
        
               | diamondo25 wrote:
               | It depends on the API. If your API is "put this data over
               | uart to the TTY", and the uart of the device is
               | overloaded and drops characters... Or maybe mangles
               | characters due to bitflips. Or what have you. Its all
               | possible!
        
               | bentcorner wrote:
               | Isn't there some way to ensure that what you typed is
               | what is being executed? Dropping characters from the
               | terminal sounds terrifying.
               | 
               | I don't know enough about ssh and terminals to know if
               | it's possible to type "12345" and see "12345" echoed back
               | to me but really what the remote session sees is "1245".
        
               | diamondo25 wrote:
               | Yes, terminals usually echo back the characters. In our
               | case this would be buffered and we could request the
               | buffer. But that would still take some operations. Best
               | way, usually, is to send a bunch of commands in a way you
               | ensure proper order of execution (eg write a file, check
               | checksum of file, execute file), and make sure you can
               | pull the logs afterwards.
               | 
               | Nowadays, links and systems get easier to work with, and
               | you can sometimes have a literal TTY open to the system,
               | like Reactor Hello World has (
               | https://reaktorspace.com/reaktor-hello-world/ ). However,
               | this is over S-band, which is a 2Mbit/s link, so overhead
               | for a stable TTY (or ethernet connection) is a lot less
               | than using UHF/VHF.
        
               | abnry wrote:
               | Very fascinating! You haven't happened to written a blog
               | post or something on this, have you? I am sure HN would
               | love reading about it.
        
               | diamondo25 wrote:
               | Sorry, I did not. There are plenty of stories on the
               | internet about cubesats, they get launched by
               | universities even :)
        
           | diamondo25 wrote:
           | From my work experience its like this: 1. Assemble commands
           | to run 2. Run the commands and see results in the 15 minute
           | window 3. See if you can do more commanding in the minutes
           | you have left 4. Make a new plan, wait for next pass, and
           | goto 1
           | 
           | For LEO satellites, that usually means you have 2 blocks of 3
           | 13 minute passes, when the groundstation is in The
           | Netherlands. For a Svalbard groundstation, you get a lot
           | more, but still 13 minute or less passess.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | If you ever worked on a busy mainframe your compile jobs
           | could easily be queued for 20-30 minutes. Made you much more
           | careful to check for typos and do test runs of the code "in
           | your head" before submitting.
        
         | idreyn wrote:
         | In case you haven't seen it: https://apolloinrealtime.org/13/
        
           | 1911z wrote:
           | Thank you for sharing, this is amazing
        
           | belter wrote:
           | Fantastic site. Thanks for sharing.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | Fun weirdness of even limited multilingualness: For some
           | reason my brain first parsed this as "a _pollo_ in real time
           | " - or, from Spanish, "a chicken in real time".
        
         | eschneider wrote:
         | I dunno. That sort of thing is exactly my job, except the
         | remote devices are still on earth somewheres. What you'd see is
         | me sitting in a library drinking coffee and looking at source
         | code and schematics until I had an answer that matched the
         | evidence.
         | 
         | Satisfying, but not exactly must watch tv.
        
           | moocowtruck wrote:
           | you just killed any future dramatic space troubleshooting
           | film scenes for me
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | > Satisfying, but not exactly must watch tv.
           | 
           | What's in your head could be though. That's my pet theory on
           | the movie _Hackers_ , what we're seeing on the computer
           | screens isn't what's actually there, it's the characters'
           | mental constructs visualized.
        
         | trothamel wrote:
         | If you want to see debugging a computer in space, check out
         | Apollo 13's sequel, Apollo 14. The moon landing is being held
         | up by shorted-out switch that's causing the LM to abort the
         | landing, and it's up to the programmers back home to figure out
         | how to work around it in time to allow the landing.
         | 
         | Apollo 13 was the story of a 'successful failure', while Apollo
         | 14 shows how hard work and creative thinking can turn failure
         | into success.
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | Don Eyles' book Sunburst and Luminary has a chapter on this,
           | and Don was primarily responsible for the Apollo 14
           | workaround. The book is also generally just a fantastic
           | account of what it was like to develop software for the
           | Apollo Guidance Computer.
        
             | trothamel wrote:
             | Also about living through the sexual revolution. It's a
             | really interesting book, but as much of a memoir as a
             | technical book.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | Was this the scenario where there was a false positive
           | warning light but they had no way to test if it was truly a
           | false alarm? I remember attending a talk by an Apollo
           | engineer who convinced the control room that the switch
           | design had a propensity to a short and it really came down to
           | a probability-based judgement call
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | Is there actually an Apollo 14 movie? I can find Apollo 18
           | but not a Apollo 14 feature movie.
           | 
           | I saw this but it's a short documentary and may not be what
           | you meant: https://www.amazon.com/Apollo-14-Complete-
           | Downlink-Edition/d...
        
             | trothamel wrote:
             | No, or at least not that I know of. I was having a bit of
             | fun by declaring Apollo 14 (the mission) the sequel to
             | Apollo 13 (the mission).
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | There's the HBO series "From the Earth to the Moon", which
             | covers this with the Apollo 14 mission. Highly recommended.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Ahh, yes; I've seen the series multiple times - agreed
               | that it's great, especially for those who enjoyed Apollo
               | 13. I wasn't sure if there was a different Apollo-14
               | movie OP/Trothamel was referring to...
        
           | geocrasher wrote:
           | Scott Manley to the rescue: "The Computer Hack That Saved
           | Apollo 14" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSSmNUl9Snw
        
         | caycep wrote:
         | Someone is going to suggest unplugging it and plugging it in
         | again, i'm sure
        
       | mehphp wrote:
       | See, remote work doesn't work!
        
       | belter wrote:
       | They have two computers:
       | 
       | - First they had a DF-224 flight computer and a - Science
       | Instrument Control and Data Handling (SI C&DH)
       | 
       | Initially DF-224 between missions got installed a coprocessor:
       | https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/hubble/a_pdf/news/facts/Co...
       | 
       | During another servicing mission they replaced it with something
       | called the Advanced Computer with Intel 80486:
       | https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/hubble/a_pdf/news/facts/FS...
       | 
       | It looks like its about 50,000 lines of code in the C and
       | Assembly programming languages.
       | 
       | https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/327688main_09_SM4_Media_Guide_rev1....
       | 
       | Fig 5-10 is the Data Management Subsystem
       | 
       | https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/sm3a/downloads/sm3a_media_...
        
         | belter wrote:
         | There is also a Help Desk but its probably busy right now...
         | 
         | "Welcome to the Hubble Space Telescope Help Desk"
         | 
         | https://stsci.service-now.com/hst?id=hst_index
        
       | mikeytown2 wrote:
       | The cause of the failure is most likely tin whiskers [1] or
       | radiation.
       | 
       | [1] https://nepp.nasa.gov/WHISKER/background/index.htm.
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | I thought NASA no longer used lead-free solder to avoid this.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | I think a lot of safety-critical systems even here on earth
           | have exemptions from lead-free regulations because of this...
           | but even lead can form whiskers.
        
         | bumby wrote:
         | Is there evidence of either yet? I'm not sure how you get from
         | "potential" failure mode to "most likely"
        
           | mikeytown2 wrote:
           | They're trying to find the broken component; what caused the
           | issue is usually a handful of things in space. Those are
           | usually the top causes of component failure in that
           | environment.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | Although a relatively small part of my career, I spent some
             | time working within the quality arm of an aerospace org. A
             | lot more on propulsion systems, but both those and
             | satellites are usually required to meet J-STD specs for
             | electronic builds. After a few failure investigations, you
             | become acutely aware of the dangers of prematurely jumping
             | to conclusions.
        
             | NelsonMinar wrote:
             | So no evidence then.
        
       | IAmMaulik wrote:
       | >"They're very primitive computers compared to what's in your
       | cell phone,"
       | 
       | I do not understand why they can't just swap out the computer for
       | a better and more modern one. Am I missing something here?
        
         | McGlockenshire wrote:
         | How do you propose they perform the physical swap?
         | 
         | The space vehicles we used for this purpose have been retired
         | and we have no replacements.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | > Am I missing something here?
         | 
         | When dealing with high-latency, high-radiation environments,
         | more modern isn't necessarily better: denser ICs mean greater
         | susceptibility to radiation (and consequently more expensive
         | hardening). They also can't exactly fly up there and swap out
         | random bits on short notice -- I'm not sure if the US even has
         | a the current capability to perform physical maintenance on the
         | Hubble.
        
           | LadyCailin wrote:
           | They don't.
           | 
           | > Hertz said that because Hubble was designed to be serviced
           | by the space shuttle and the space shuttle fleet has since
           | been retired, there are no future plans to service the outer
           | space observatory.
        
         | ellisv wrote:
         | It's in outer space
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | 0xFFFE wrote:
       | They should have gone serverless.
        
       | lbriner wrote:
       | I am no space expert but maybe they forgot to disable Android
       | system updates, that's what seems to have caused my Samsung Tab
       | S2 to slow to a crawl ;-)
        
         | guilhas wrote:
         | Google pushing unwanted apps
        
       | deeviant wrote:
       | Da, it's the ALIENS.
        
       | stevespang wrote:
       | Russian hackers ordered by Putin to embarrass the United States
        
       | sabujp wrote:
       | obviously cosmic rays
        
       | stakkur wrote:
       | _" If this computer were in the lab, we'd be hooking up monitors
       | and testing the inputs and outputs all over the place, and would
       | be really quick to diagnose it," he said. "All we can do is send
       | a command from our limited set of commands and then see what data
       | comes out of the computer and then send that data down and try to
       | analyze it."_
       | 
       | They've just mostly described my career.
        
         | bencollier49 wrote:
         | Still probably faster than deploying to AWS.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | "According to NASA, the 3 computers aboard the Hubble Space
           | Telescope contain over 50,000 lines of code in the C and
           | Assembly programming languages."
           | https://www.leeholmes.com/writing/hubble.pdf
           | 
           | I am going to go out on a limb here and post my diagnostic:
           | There is some global counter that overflow as the system was
           | not rebooted for a while...NASA...take it from here :-)
        
       | thrower123 wrote:
       | Maybe the James Webb will go up some day...
        
         | tiborsaas wrote:
         | https://webbcountdown.com/
        
         | occamschainsaw wrote:
         | When we power our quantum computers with room temperature
         | superconductors and sustainable fusion.
         | 
         | (all 20 years away ofcourse)
        
         | peter303 wrote:
         | Scheduled for Halliween this year, but could slip.
        
       | jpeter wrote:
       | Sounds like the plot of the three body problem
        
         | hacker_homie wrote:
         | Tri-Solaris hacked the telescope and their coving it up?
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | Microprobes dropped by 'Oumuamua are making sure humans don't
       | look where they're not supposed to.
       | 
       | (It's UFO season! Everything is aliens again.)
        
         | dane-pgp wrote:
         | Perhaps it's time to coin the term Tsoukalos's Law of
         | Headlines.
        
       | teclordphrack2 wrote:
       | Could it be a windows update?
        
       | fouric wrote:
       | I know that, at different times, NASA has used Forth[1] and
       | Lisp[2] in some of their space applications. Both of these
       | languages offer REPLs that generally accelerate the debugging
       | process, and while your "average" Lisp might be unsuitable for
       | hard real-time applications (due to the presence of a garbage
       | collector, usually without the hard real-time constraints that
       | you _can_ get out of garbage collectors with extreme effort), I
       | wonder if they have _some_ equivalently interactive system on-
       | board the Hubble.
       | 
       | > Most of Hubble's components have redundant back-ups, so once
       | scientists figure out the specific component that's causing the
       | computer problem, they can remotely switch over to its back-up
       | part.
       | 
       | Wait, then why don't they just switch over each component in
       | turn? The "divide and conquer" debugging strategy.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.forth.com/resources/space-applications/
       | 
       | [2] https://flownet.com/gat/jpl-lisp.html
        
         | beerandt wrote:
         | >"The rule of thumb is when something is working you don't
         | change it," Hertz said. "We'd like to change as few things as
         | possible when we bring Hubble back into service."
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | A lesson not taught to any modern software developer. Instead
           | they change things all the time for no real reason other than
           | that they want to change things.
        
             | 35fbe7d3d5b9 wrote:
             | One of the best senior engineers I worked with taught me
             | how to run an outage. The most important thing? _Stop_ what
             | you are doing, take charge, and get everyone else to stop
             | what they are doing.
             | 
             | The best case scenario of a bunch of engineers flailing
             | about on a bridge turning knobs is that you luck into a fix
             | but don't know how you got there. But you're more likely to
             | make things worse.
        
               | boardwaalk wrote:
               | Sounds like "locking the doors" (Space Shuttle
               | disasters). Although, there was really not much to
               | recover from there.
        
               | etskinner wrote:
               | I hadn't heard of this before, chilling but cool: https:/
               | /www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/13/columbia.space...
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | In my experience, the best strategy depends a lot on the
               | severity of the outage.
               | 
               | If all the alarms are going off because of a loss of
               | redundancy, then currently there is no outage. The
               | correct move should be carefully considered, and maybe
               | tested in the sandbox environment.
               | 
               | If there is currently a 100% outage, it's best to go all
               | out on trying every possible fix, because typically
               | you'll restore service quicker that way. Sure,
               | occasionally you dig yourself a deeper hole, but
               | _usually_ it 's the best strategy.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | > If there is currently a 100% outage, it's best to go
               | all out on trying every possible fix, because typically
               | you'll restore service quicker that way. Sure,
               | occasionally you dig yourself a deeper hole, but usually
               | it's the best strategy.
               | 
               | Maybe. _Once an outage has happened_ , an additional 30
               | minutes or hour of outage, depending 100% on the service
               | in question, might be a bearable cost if it means
               | preventing a domino effect of future issues caused by
               | measures taken to restore the outage in a hurry.
        
               | CGamesPlay wrote:
               | > If there is currently a 100% outage, it's best to go
               | all out on trying every possible fix, because typically
               | you'll restore service quicker that way. Sure,
               | occasionally you dig yourself a deeper hole, but usually
               | it's the best strategy.
               | 
               | Almost assuredly not. If a system hits a 100% outage,
               | there are about to be a series of cascading failures by
               | dependent systems. If you don't even understand which
               | system is the root cause, all you're doing is testing a
               | bunch of never-before-tried combinations in production
               | and hoping something works.
        
             | grumple wrote:
             | This is not true. If something's working, you don't change
             | it for no reason.
             | 
             | Business requirements and requests change _all the time_.
             | 90% of our work is done in response to that. The other 10%
             | is fixing up technical problems due to increased scaling or
             | bugs found, and then basically never do we upgrade a system
             | to keep up with security updates or change to a more modern
             | tech.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | > This is not true. If something's working, you don't
               | change it for no reason
               | 
               | Sure, there's often a reason like "we wanted to write it
               | in a different language" or "we've overhauled the UI to
               | be slower and more cumbersome".
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | "we need to justify our front-end developers' and
               | designers' jobs"
        
         | skylanh wrote:
         | Another comment keyed onto a concrete example of why not, so
         | I'll go with a presumptive reason:
         | 
         | Some of those elements will be part of the major service
         | windows, and have expected operational and standby lifetimes.
         | 
         | So if a component with two elements has a service window of 10
         | years, and each element contributes to meeting that service
         | window, then you've bumped your major service window from 10
         | years to a significant factor less than that.
         | 
         | e.g. the expected use profile might be: use element 1 for 6
         | years or 60% of service, switch to element 2 for 4 years,
         | replace both during 10 year maintenance window. Interrupting
         | that by bringing element 2 up reduces that window and
         | contingency plans if the service window cannot be met.
         | 
         | I don't know, and I'm just talking out my you-know-what.
        
         | edgeform wrote:
         | > Wait, then why don't they just switch over each component in
         | turn? The "divide and conquer" debugging strategy.
         | 
         | Let's say the CPU is the actual issue, but the problem
         | manifests itself in the memory module. You swap over to the
         | backup memory module, and suddenly the problem vanishes!
         | 
         | Two months later, the problem manifests again. Identical
         | presentation. This time, there is no backup to switch over to
         | test.
         | 
         | You fly a Very Expensive Mission to the telescope only to find
         | out the CPU was the issue, and if you had figured that out
         | originally you wouldn't be up here with four memory modules.
        
           | nucleardog wrote:
           | Let's say the memory is the actual issue, but it's manifested
           | itself by data being corrupted and triggering undesired
           | behaviour. Unfortunately, the corrupted state has already
           | been written back to persistent storage.
           | 
           | So you swap in the backup storage module and all your
           | problems go away. Until it happens again and corrupts _that_
           | too.
        
         | rurban wrote:
         | Forth yes, lisp not. Lisp was only used on ground to simulate
         | the rover.
         | 
         | Also a repl in space only makes sense in earth orbit, but not
         | farther away, with 8-20min waiting time for a packet roundtrip
         | to Mars. Those machines really need proper and faster decision
         | making (AI, think lots of `if` statements and proper modeling)
         | on board, eg to perform landing or docking maneuvers. Or to
         | detect and workaround radiation damage in its own circuits.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | What if you backup is failing in the exact same way?
        
           | Koshkin wrote:
           | That would probably mean that the whole thing just isn't
           | there anymore.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Or much more likely the same component was used as a back
             | up, and is failing in a similar fashion. It's obvious the
             | thing is still there.
        
         | etskinner wrote:
         | > Wait, then why don't they just switch over each component in
         | turn? The "divide and conquer" debugging strategy.
         | 
         | My guess would be that they want to try that method only if
         | this debugging doesn't work. Imagine that there's an electrical
         | issue in item 1 that fries item 2. If you switch over to item
         | 2b, then you fry item 2b too!
         | 
         | This is exactly what happened with the Soviet Salyut 7 station.
         | They tripped an over-current protection, didn't fix the root
         | issue, and remotely turned the circuit back on. A series of
         | electrical shorts then rendered the entire station without
         | power, resulting in the need for one of the most daring station
         | rescue stories of all time:
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/science/2014/09/the-little-known-sov...
        
           | voldacar wrote:
           | Wow, that's an amazing story. Thanks for posting, i had no
           | idea something like that ever took place
        
           | dmckeon wrote:
           | > Mission controllers, very tired now that the end of their
           | 24-hour shift was approaching
           | 
           | Are shifts this long still common practice in US or RU space
           | programs?
        
         | baryphonic wrote:
         | > while your "average" Lisp might be unsuitable for hard real-
         | time applications (due to the presence of a garbage collector,
         | usually without the hard real-time constraints that you can get
         | out of garbage collectors with extreme effort), I wonder if
         | they have some equivalently interactive system on-board the
         | while your "average" Lisp might be unsuitable for hard real-
         | time applications (due to the presence of a garbage collector,
         | usually without the hard real-time constraints that you can get
         | out of garbage collectors with extreme effort), I wonder if
         | they have some equivalently interactive system on-board the
         | Hubble.
         | 
         | This is fascinating to me. Do you have any pointers to
         | information/research/projects focused on hard real-time garbage
         | collection? A Lisp with hard real-time garbage collection (even
         | if Herculean to implement) would be fantastic.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | I've seen at least one implementation that uses explicit
           | regions; before doing something with say a bunch of cons
           | operations, you allocate a region, all the evaluation is done
           | in the region, it returns a result to the parent region, and
           | the region is then manually dropped, freeing the space used.
           | Set up another region for the next large evaluation and so
           | on.
           | 
           | Almost C style, and I'm sure just as error prone, but it
           | seems like it could work.
           | 
           | https://github.com/wolfgangj/bone-lisp
        
           | mietek wrote:
           | How about a Lisp without the need for garbage collection at
           | all?
           | 
           | http://web.archive.org/web/20020331165324/http://home.pipeli.
           | ..
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | Ah, Rust's grandparent!
        
             | baryphonic wrote:
             | This is also fascinating. Thank you! :)
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | As long as there aren't cycles of course you can do
           | deterministic GC, it's just reference counting. It also helps
           | if the program is single-threaded since otherwise any memory
           | allocation/freeing can be unpredictable (since it probably
           | locks.)
        
           | guenthert wrote:
           | Not exactly real time (as in proven bounded response time),
           | but a noteworthy effort: https://franz.com/services/conferenc
           | es_seminars/jlugm00/conf...
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | > Wait, then why don't they just switch over each component in
         | turn? The "divide and conquer" debugging strategy.
         | 
         | It's better to understand the problem than to just start
         | changing stuff hoping you find the right thing even
         | systematically. There's not a huge rush to fix this since it's
         | the payload computer and the telescope is still being
         | maintained by other systems. A lot bad could happen, if the
         | switching system is flakey you could maybe get stuck in a bad
         | system, or if there's a number of faults you might damage one
         | of the backups. Without the shuttle there's not a plan to
         | service it any more so why take the risk rushing through to the
         | most simplistic debugging method?
        
       | lalalandland wrote:
       | Could computer issue be related to increased solar activity/
       | solar storms ?
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuGY8foAiHc&t=636s
        
       | dave_sid wrote:
       | This thing?
       | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/villains/images/0/07/Tumbl...
        
       | desktopninja wrote:
       | For pure comedic value: Someone deployed a K8s cluster on hubble
       | and now its lost DNS because the master nodes connected to a
       | starlink satellite
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | This is good: Starlink or such would be probably an ideal way
         | to connect a space telescope (or any spacecraft) to the
         | internet.
        
           | Denvercoder9 wrote:
           | Actually, it wouldn't be. Starlink orbits at about the same
           | altitude, but the satellites have their radio antenna pointed
           | downwards to Earth, so they can't connect with each other.
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | Starlink has lateral uplink/downlink lasers, but yes that
             | would be a complicated solution to a problem that doesn't
             | exist.
        
               | NortySpock wrote:
               | Last I heard laser links were in testing, and was
               | currently only being used for communicating in the same
               | orbit (a single, linear string of satellites all orbiting
               | in the same plane and at the same altitude)
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | They actually use the NRO's Quasar relay satellites for this.
           | They don't connect to the "internet," but rather to NRO
           | mission ground stations, but they need that single point of
           | ingress to Earth anyway because the hardware decryption
           | modules, algorithms, and key-loading mechanisms only exist in
           | military comms equipment, not IP routers. From there,
           | provided the data itself is unclassified or can be
           | downgraded, it can get to the Internet.
           | 
           | It's arguably an interesting question whether the government
           | would consider using commercial relay satellites instead of
           | just the Quasar constellation, though. The data stream
           | doesn't need to be decrypted on the satellite, just
           | forwarded. Obviously, you can't prevent radio from being
           | intercepted, so throwing in a hop you don't own doesn't
           | actually add any risk. You're totally reliant on the strength
           | of your encryption either way.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | More likely they got it to run Doom.
        
           | desktopninja wrote:
           | Hehe: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/kube-doom
        
           | optimalsolver wrote:
           | https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/2011-02-17
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | NASA has a Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office developing on-
       | site robotic servicing capabilities for the Hubble and other
       | large satellites. This is connected to the On Orbit Servicing,
       | Assembly, and Manufacturing program at NASA Goddard. They've been
       | working toward this for a decade.[1]
       | 
       | No part of that effort has actually repaired anything in space.
       | 
       | [1] https://nexis.gsfc.nasa.gov/osam/index.html
        
       | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
       | Putin?
        
       | unnouinceput wrote:
       | Quote: "Most of Hubble's components have redundant back-ups, so
       | once scientists figure out the specific component that's causing
       | the computer problem, they can remotely switch over to its back-
       | up part."
       | 
       | So it's time to do what every gamer does when the rig fails.
       | Switch parts and see who's the culprit. And yes, I do understand
       | the next quote: <"The rule of thumb is when something is working
       | you don't change it," Hertz said. "We'd like to change as few
       | things as possible when we bring Hubble back into service.">
       | 
       | But between having nothing anymore, since Hubble had its last
       | maintenance in 2009 (per quote: "The last time astronauts visited
       | Hubble was in 2009 for its fifth and final servicing mission.")
       | and have something now that definitely would fail later, I'd
       | choose the latter.
        
       | scoutt wrote:
       | > At first NASA scientists wondered if a "degrading memory
       | module" on Hubble was to blame.
       | 
       | Funny enough, nobody posted the link to the article that says
       | "70% of bugs are memory issues" (or something like that) yet.
        
         | Black101 wrote:
         | There's no way that's true... maybe 70% of bugs that crash your
         | computer though.
        
         | TwoBit wrote:
         | "memory issue" seems overly broad or vague.
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | 70% of all security fixes Microsoft releases are memory safety
         | bugs.
         | 
         | https://news.hitb.org/content/microsoft-70-percent-all-secur...
         | 
         | This isn't a security issue, NASA isn't Microsoft, and
         | physically degraded memory isn't the same as a memory safety
         | programming bug.
         | 
         | I'll certainly bet that article is super popular with the rust
         | crowd though.
        
           | steveklabnik wrote:
           | That article specifically is popular with the Rust crowd,
           | yes, but moreover, that roughly that number (70%-80%) has
           | been replicated by a multiple big tech companies, not just
           | Microsoft. Chrome was another large name.
           | 
           | (And yes you're right none of this has to do with this stuff,
           | for sure.)
        
       | behnamoh wrote:
       | Off-topic but it reminded me of that story about using LISP for
       | debugging a spacecraft remotely from the Earth:
       | 
       | https://baltazaar.wordpress.com/2009/07/20/a-story-about-lis...
        
       | bguberfain wrote:
       | Extreme remote debug
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | From a NASA post 2 days ago[1]:
       | 
       | "The operations team is investigating whether the Standard
       | _Interface (STINT) hardware, which bridges communications between
       | the computer's Central Processing Module (CPM) and other
       | components, or the CPM itself is responsible for the issue. The
       | team is currently designing tests that will be run in the next
       | few days to attempt to further isolate the problem and identify a
       | potential solution. "_
       | 
       | So "can't figure out" sounds more like "haven't yet figured out",
       | but they have remaining ideas to play through.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/operations-
       | underwa...
        
       | jsrcout wrote:
       | A better headline for the article:
       | 
       | NASA hasn't yet figured out what's causing computer issues on the
       | Hubble telescope
        
       | literallyaduck wrote:
       | I heard from an insider that it was a popup from an unlicensed
       | copy of winrar, I have notified my neighbors and the braintrust
       | of grandchildren, nephews, nieces and a corgi are working out a
       | solution, unfortunately they are having problems getting
       | minecraft, roboblox and fortnight to work with the payload
       | software. The experts who originally wrote the code and then
       | retired and are unable to help since the suffered from covid
       | related 5g headaches. The management then outsourced the problem
       | but cannot understand the contractors not because of a language
       | barrier but because on Zoom debugging calls they are required to
       | wear masks even though an ocean separates them. Never fear I'm
       | dual booting Arch (BTW) and Windows 11 and have written a
       | preliminary AI, Blockchain, ML application in Visual Basic and am
       | on the case, it now routes through an Android app on the Amazon
       | app store that can communicate to a Ham tower through a TNC and a
       | Baofeng radio but I am waiting on a part from an overseas
       | shipment. FedEx says it is still in transit on the "Ever given"
       | which was routed through Ireland and was blocked by a creature
       | called the waterhorse, but I gave it tree fiddy.
        
       | programmer_an wrote:
       | Programmer/analyst here and ready to help you NASA, just ask me
       | and I'll clear a few hours of my agenda for you. I know people
       | say this a lot, but in this case I really think a (at least
       | partial) rewrite in Rust of the Hubble software would be very
       | beneficial. We could gather some of the most distinguished coders
       | here in hacker-news and create a task force to show them the
       | benefits of rust's memory safety.
        
         | rurban wrote:
         | Then maybe lookup "stack overflow" in rust, and you will be
         | delighted. https://github.com/rust-
         | lang/rust/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Ao...
         | 
         | 583 closed, 156 open. That much to "memory safety" in rust.
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | I'm not sure you understand what "memory safety" means.
        
         | ignoranceprior wrote:
         | Not sure if serious or joking. Poe's law.
        
         | xf1cf wrote:
         | From what I gathered the problem is in the _memory module_ and
         | not memory itself. It would be like your RAM failing. No amount
         | of rust or memory safety can help with that. Moreover you don't
         | exactly re-upload the entire Hubble system from earth. You may
         | be interested in looking into NASA's actual software integrity
         | requirements as they are quite stringent and one of the reasons
         | they use some antiquated languages. Rust is far too new, young,
         | and buggy to even consider.
         | 
         | Appreciate the seemingly ever present optimism of rustaceans to
         | golden hammer the language though.
        
         | acuozzo wrote:
         | Can you clear a few hours on your agenda for me?
         | 
         | I'd like to learn how to use Rust to work around memory
         | corruption resulting from irradiating the hell out of the RAM
         | in my PC at home.
         | 
         | I'm talking enough radiation to flip more bits than ECC is
         | capable of detecting & fixing.
         | 
         | I want to do all of my programming remotely... right next to
         | the the Elephant's Foot.
        
       | bilekas wrote:
       | Have they tried turning it off and on again ?
        
         | nemacol wrote:
         | Time for some percussive maintenance.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Last I heard, it's not running any version of Windows.
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | Looks like they may have but the thing didn't come back on.
        
       | rajandatta wrote:
       | Anyone else look at the headline and feel this is one of the
       | dumbest headlines ever. It makes it sound like NASA's
       | incompetent. 'Why haven't you fixed Hubble yet?'.
       | 
       | There doesn't seem to be any nuance or respect that they're
       | trying to repair an orbiting telescope that was launched 30 years
       | ago and designed 40 years ago - and that people are patiently
       | trying to sort through a fully autonomous system 400 miles above
       | the surface of the Earth with a very large set of failure
       | options.
       | 
       | For me - huge props to NASA and other organizations that do this
       | kind of work and keep these systems running for decades. I need
       | to reboot Windows every 2-3 days
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | No, I just read it like they must have a really hard problem
         | and hope they find a solution soon.
        
         | asymptosis wrote:
         | I thought they were riffing on recent UFO hype.
        
         | spockz wrote:
         | To me this title comes across as just factual and not
         | diminutive in any way.
        
           | foxpurple wrote:
           | Can't work out gives a sense that they have tried everything
           | and failed. "Haven't worked out yet" is still factual and
           | implies that they are still working on it.
        
         | davesque wrote:
         | Yeah, I hear you on that. Another possibility is that NPR is
         | trying to manufacture a sense of mystery or surprise as
         | journalists often do with science stories. A bit less nefarious
         | but also sort of annoying in its own way.
        
           | JJMcJ wrote:
           | Either mystery or bad puns based on the science.
           | 
           | Extra points if you can throw "Einstein" in the headline.
        
           | mancerayder wrote:
           | > trying to manufacture a sense of mystery or surprise
           | 
           | That's a positive spin on clickbait.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | It's more than annoying. It comes part and parcel with the
           | dumbing down of society.
        
             | geoduck14 wrote:
             | Most of my work could benefit from a journalist
             | 
             | > Overworked Engineer misses semicolon. All night review
             | session finds it, data gets loaded!
             | 
             | > Management insists Jira stories be routed to new Epic.
             | Team Lead spends hours learning Jira API before giving up
             | and doing it "the hard way"
        
               | tharkun__ wrote:
               | Completely not related to the topic at hand but ;)
               | 
               | I love this "spend hours figuring out the API" then
               | giving up.
               | 
               | Maybe it's just me but I have noticed that a lot (and it
               | mean a lot) of devs will overestimate greatly on anything
               | manual they need to do that they don't like. And spend
               | hours if not days trying to automate it. Which is fine if
               | it's gonna be needed again soon or over and over. But
               | really, what is so bad in spending literally 5 minutes
               | doing the above manually with a Jira filter and bulk
               | edit? And by extension sometimes there's not even a bulk
               | edit and you need to do something by clicking the same 5
               | steps 50 times to acgieve something. Again 5 minutes of
               | actual work. Just put on a nice fast song from whatever
               | music genre you happen to love and do it. Done.
               | 
               | Is it just me?
        
             | jcun4128 wrote:
             | I find a lot of content on YT is like that. The actual work
             | is skipped hand-waved then it's every other second cut
             | scene and some music on top... Idk. Started unsubscribing
             | from channels lately. Still some good ones.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | > Anyone else look at the headline and feel this is one of the
         | dumbest headlines ever. It makes it sound like NASA's
         | incompetent. 'Why haven't you fixed Hubble yet?'.
         | 
         | I didn't get that impression.
         | 
         | This does intrigue me - I like browsing hackernews, but I often
         | get the impression that some people (not the PC specifically)
         | here are either ridiculously anal about English or genuinely do
         | not parse sentences the way I do.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | > I often get the impression that some people (not the PC
           | specifically) here are either ridiculously anal about English
           | or genuinely do not parse sentences the way I do.
           | 
           | People with autistic traits sometimes parse sentences in an
           | overly literal or precise manner. I rarely do this anymore,
           | but when I was a child and teenager I did it more often.
           | 
           | When I'm speaking of "autistic traits", I'm not speaking just
           | of people diagnosed with autism/ASD (who are of course
           | represented here), but also people with broad autism
           | phenotype (BAP), the subclinical manifestation of ASD. BAP is
           | when you have more of the symptoms of ASD than the average
           | person does, but not enough to justify an actual diagnosis of
           | ASD. BAP is quite common in software engineers, and STEM
           | professionals more generally, so I think there are likely a
           | lot of people on this site with BAP (albeit most of them have
           | probably never heard of it.) The people you are talking about
           | quite possibly do have some degree of BAP, and this behaviour
           | is quite possibly a manifestation of their BAP.
        
         | jacobwilliamroy wrote:
         | I think you may be projecting some self esteem issues here.
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | i once read an article on most probably arstechnica about a nasa
       | enthusiast who found some space probe documentation in someones
       | garage. he goes on to actually use that to communicate with the
       | probe and issue commands. something like the booster had emptied
       | or leaked or something. i am not sure what exactly it was. that
       | was a fascinating read
        
         | NortySpock wrote:
         | http://spacecollege.org/isee3/
         | 
         | Solar probe sent to comet, rebooted years later to try to put
         | it back into it's solar mission.
        
       | DudeInBasement wrote:
       | Probably someone doesn't understand cache and flushing/invalidate
        
       | SniperOwl wrote:
       | "Nobody uses a computer over 20 years old" - Apple Excitives
        
       | dangerface wrote:
       | Did they try turning it off and on?
        
       | programmer_an wrote:
       | I know people say this a lot, but in this case I really think a
       | (at least partial) rewrite in Rust of the Hubble software would
       | be very beneficial. We could gather some of the most
       | distinguished coders here in hacker-news and create a task force
       | to show them the benefits of rust's memory safety.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | This is the third time you've posted this. Please stop.
        
       | setug wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be a good idea to open the source code for community
       | inspection? Of course NASA would panic with Russia and China
       | inspecting for "hostile" actions, but hey, if they don't know
       | what to do, why not calling the expert reverse engineers of the
       | world?
        
         | beerandt wrote:
         | Idk about the payload computer, but I've got to think guidance
         | and operation controls would have at least some remnants of
         | legacy keyhole technology, or would expose hardware details
         | that might still be sensitive information, even if the software
         | was a total rewrite.
        
           | setug wrote:
           | It's a 30/40-yr old code and hardware. Now that I think about
           | it, the problem could be related to some "exotic" decisions
           | made by that time...
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | Lots of 30/40 year old hardware is still classified,
             | especially spy technology.
        
               | setug wrote:
               | Then hiding it when it's on Earth could make sense,
               | actually attacking Hubble is much more complicated that
               | anything on earth, given that you can actually put your
               | hands on it, connecting through a JTAG and understanding
               | what's wrong (besides spying).
        
           | _joel wrote:
           | Hubble is basically a US spy satellite, pointing outwards
           | instead of inwards. I'm sure there will be similar classes of
           | hardware still in operation, so could be some sensitivity
           | there.
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | Yeah- that's what keyhole is: a codename for a series of
             | nro/ nga spy sats.
             | 
             | Edit: and Hubble was built from a surplus skeleton of one,
             | through a government transfer.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Hole
        
         | recov wrote:
         | Interesting thought. I would say something like the hubble
         | transcends politcal/governmental boundaries... although I do
         | wonder how much if its software is used in other secretive
         | satellites.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Hubble is basically a repurposed spy satellite so it may
           | still be sensitive. Although I doubt any of its sisters are
           | still flying.
        
             | hindsightbias wrote:
             | They are believed to have lifespans as long as Hubble. The
             | last block 4 was launched in 2013.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA-245
             | 
             | USA-314, launched this year, is allegedly a KH derivative.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Hubble has only lasted as long as it has because it was
               | serviced on 4 separate occasions--although one of those
               | was to fix a manufacturing defect. I don't think any of
               | the spysats had service missions.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | No one knows for sure publicly, but NRO offered two more
             | KeyHole bodies to NASA some years back. That's may be a
             | hint they're considered obsolete.
        
             | rurban wrote:
             | On the contrary I doubt that the US military would give up
             | advanced imaging technology, like reading car plates from
             | space, for nothing. That's the Hubble. Nothing else comes
             | close.
        
       | jonegan wrote:
       | I volunteer as rubber duck!
        
       | datalus wrote:
       | How specific is the Hubble that you can only repair it with the
       | Space Shuttle? o_O
        
         | Denvercoder9 wrote:
         | It doesn't have anything to do with specificity, the Space
         | Shuttle was just the only manned spacecraft powerful enough to
         | get out to Hubble's orbit and back, and that had an airlock so
         | you could actually access Hubble.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | All the operating human launch systems are just capsules meant
         | to either free fly or dock at a station, they don't have
         | airlocks to let people out so using them for a Hubble repair
         | would require a lot of modification and danger to use the whole
         | capsule as an airlock. [0]
         | 
         | [0] Except Soyuz I guess their orbital module would allow you
         | to keep the descent module pressurized but it's still way
         | outside the design so there's no telling if the module would
         | remain operational.
        
           | jccooper wrote:
           | Soyuz has been used for spacewalks before, and the cabin is
           | tolerant of vacuum. They haven't done that in ages, so it's
           | possible that's been optimized out, but I'd suspect that
           | requirement's been respected over the years.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | The Space Shuttle is the only vehicle ever built that can do
         | in-orbit service. It's not that the Hubble is special in that
         | regard, it is that the Shuttle was special.
        
           | datalus wrote:
           | So does this also mean that the ISS is no longer able to get
           | serviced, or are there projects to work on in-orbit service
           | vehicles?
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > So does this also mean that the ISS is no longer able to
             | get serviced, or are there projects to work on in-orbit
             | service vehicles?
             | 
             | AIUI, The ISS can be serviced from the ISS if the
             | appropriate supplies and personnel are sent up, but it
             | doesn't have the delta-V to zip around other orbits
             | servicing other satellites, so it is okay without the the
             | shuttle _for itself_ , but doesn't substitute for it for
             | other things needing orbital service.
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | ISS has airlocks that allow you to leave without removing
             | all the air from the rest of the ship. Vehicles like a
             | Dragon can attach their port to ISS, board, and then
             | perform a space walk through the ISS's airlock.
             | 
             | Hubble is different. It's not like it's a ship that you can
             | board. So you need two things: Ability to attach yourself
             | to Hubble, and ability to leave Dragon to perform a
             | spacewalk. It's not clear whether you can just have
             | everyone in the Dragon suit up and open the hatch. And even
             | then, you still need to attach yourself to Hubble somehow.
             | I think you can via the port... but then you can't leave.
             | Unless you go out the other door? Can you open that from
             | the inside and get out with a space suit?
             | 
             | My rambling isn't meant to be an actual answer. It's more
             | to show that it's wayyyy harder than "Let's just send up
             | some people to Hubble!".
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | These problems could be solved. However no current space
               | craft is designed the right way. Maybe it is a trivial
               | modification to Dragon (making it bigger...), maybe it is
               | better to start from scratch. That is a question for
               | domain experts who probably haven't given the idea enough
               | consideration to give a good answer.
        
       | Phillips126 wrote:
       | Damn Windows updates...
       | 
       | Getting downvoted so I guess I need to clarify I was being
       | sarcastic. I work in IT and we say this a lot.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | Humor that doesn't contribute to the conversation is generally
         | discouraged.
        
           | quenix wrote:
           | I'm not sure I understand this. Humor generally doesn't
           | "contribute to a discussion"--it's purely that, humorous. I'm
           | not sure how OP's comment contributes any less than any other
           | joke one could have made.
        
             | macintux wrote:
             | Really clever humor can entertain and educate, although
             | admittedly it's rare.
             | 
             | The most common sentiment I see when people attempt cheap
             | jokes is that Reddit is a more appropriate forum.
        
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