[HN Gopher] No bids for over 70% of Indian coal mines up for auc...
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       No bids for over 70% of Indian coal mines up for auction
        
       Author : DocFeind
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2021-07-10 20:59 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | arcticbull wrote:
       | Have we considered sending in the bitcoin mining P/E firms? An
       | opportunity for vertical integration.
        
         | reader_mode wrote:
         | Bitcoin is way to volatile for that kind of a commitment - it's
         | short term pump & dump I would say.
        
           | kolinko wrote:
           | Bitcoin miners already purchuased at least one coal plant.
        
           | seriousquestion wrote:
           | Bitcoin is 12 years old, and supposedly 60% is held by long
           | term investors.
           | 
           | https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/bitcoin-market-data-
           | exc...
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | And only 2 million coins are left.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | I'm pleasantly surprised this hasn't happened after reading
         | this recently: https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-miners-are-
         | giving-new-l...
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Since they need two bids to proceed, does anyone else want to go
       | in with me, bid a dollar, and immediately abandon the mines?
        
         | rrmm wrote:
         | The mines probably come with liabilities of all sorts.
        
         | hh3k0 wrote:
         | That does sound like fun but I'm sure there's a minimum bid.
        
           | Hippocrates wrote:
           | It might work if posted on /r/wallstreetbets
        
         | Permit wrote:
         | I am not familiar with the environmental laws in India but in
         | Canada you are often on the hook for closing down and cleaning
         | up a site once it is abandoned (that is, you can't just walk
         | away from it). My understanding is this can cost hundreds of
         | thousands of dollars.
         | 
         | I recently met someone who was leasing oil wells (edit: natural
         | gas, not oil) that lacked sufficient pressure to pump gas into
         | a pipeline. The wells still had enough pressure that you could
         | use them as an immediate fuel source so they were hooking up a
         | few cryptocurrency mining rigs to a generator there. Apparently
         | the companies who own the wells like this because they don't
         | immediately have to declare the wells abandoned and pay the
         | cleanup fees.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >so they were hooking up a few cryptocurrency mining rigs to
           | a generator there
           | 
           | The generators can run off crude oil directly?
        
             | erik_seaberg wrote:
             | It does burn so a
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oil_engine works okay,
             | it's just not as clean or efficient as an engine with tight
             | temperature/pressure tolerances for very specific fractions
             | of the fuel.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Probably a natural gas well, not an oil well. Few oil wells
             | generate oil under pressure. (Those "gusher" were found and
             | drained decades ago, most of them more than a century ago.
             | See "Spindletop")
        
               | Permit wrote:
               | You're right, I was mistaken in the original post. I
               | should have said natural gas, not oil.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | I saw the same with old chemical plants in Germany. Some
           | companies preferred to keep an office active, just to keep
           | the site open. Closing it would have meant clean up costs in
           | 10s of millions.
        
           | bredren wrote:
           | In the US there is regulated process, soil testing and
           | cleanup costs in decommissioning underground gasoline storage
           | containers. Average cleanup is $130k. This does affect
           | property values and can take a while.
           | 
           | https://www.epa.gov/ust/frequent-questions-about-
           | underground...
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | Seeing the responses to this, maybe governments should
           | require people opening these types of places to put down a
           | deposit for the cost of the cleanup in advance.
        
         | youeseh wrote:
         | Since the government of India is setting targets for net coal
         | export, you'll likely have to meet output quotas. So, good
         | luck! :D
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | Ok, how about does anybody have a need for a big hole in the
       | ground? Swimming pool? Storage? Carbon sequestration, maybe even?
        
       | lr4444lr wrote:
       | Question for those who know better: isn't the Indian coal
       | industry rife with mafia activity, or is that all in the past?
        
         | idlecool wrote:
         | My dad worked in coal India for around 3 decades, and I grew up
         | in one of the townships. I have never heard of Mafia
         | involvement. However, I have seen coal being stolen from moving
         | trains that transport coal. They are mostly locals who probably
         | sell it or use it themselves, but it doesn't account to much
         | AFAIK.
        
           | manishsharan wrote:
           | I really find it hard to believe that you have never heard of
           | Mafia involvement in Cola mines of Bihar even though your dad
           | worked in Coal India. However just because you did not hear
           | of it does not mean it doesn't exist.
           | 
           | There is a while section about this on Wikipedia.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_Raj
           | 
           | And this : https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&u
           | rl=http://...
           | 
           | Also this : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryadeo_Singh
           | 
           | There are also a bunch of Bollywood movies with Coal Mafia as
           | a background. "Gunday", though not about coal Mafia, is
           | pretty entertaining.
        
       | AnotherGoodName wrote:
       | Coal usage peaked ~2013. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_coal
       | 
       | Just in the past two weeks:
       | 
       | Germany closing even new coal plants -
       | https://reneweconomy.com.au/german-coal-plant-closes-after-j...
       | 
       | Philipines will not build new coal plants due to economics. They
       | will instead invest in grid scale storage and renewables -
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-10/biggest-p...
       | 
       | It's mostly economics. When other generation and storage systems
       | drop by orders of magnitude in price in just 2 decades it throws
       | the old equations out. There's no economic reason to build a coal
       | plant today.
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/energyinnovation/2018/12/03/plu...
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | > Germany closing even new coal plants
         | 
         | Please don't greenwash Germany's horrible energy strategy
         | failure after they prematurely closed nuclear plants because of
         | Fukushima-based populism. They brought a new coal 1.1 GW coal
         | power plant online last year that they expect to run until at
         | least 2038. (Datteln 4:
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/deutschland-klima-uniper-
         | idD...)
        
         | melling wrote:
         | 38% of the electricity globally is coal. We've got quite a long
         | way to go.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Because of sunk costs (not in the fallacy sense). Doesn't
           | mean it makes sense to build a new one.
           | 
           | Agreed we have a long way to go :)
        
             | melling wrote:
             | We are building lots of coal plants globally.
             | 
             | https://e360.yale.edu/features/despite-pledges-to-cut-
             | emissi...
        
               | jes5199 wrote:
               | I don't understand why China is building so many coal
               | plants - for several years it's been reported that they
               | run them way, way under capacity.
        
               | jdhn wrote:
               | Jobs program, perhaps?
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Don't we use coal for two main things? Energy and steel?
           | 
           | Do we have a replacement for coal in the steel industry?
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | Cement production is another big one.
        
             | kleton wrote:
             | And cement
        
             | gus_massa wrote:
             | We had a very big steel mill here in Argentina that had
             | it's own forest to grow eucalyptus, and make coal with them
             | and use that in the steel production. From
             | https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceros_Zapla_S.A.
             | 
             | translation> _It had 15,000 ha of forest with 30 million
             | eucalyptus trees to extract the coal necessary in the
             | process, for which the town of "Centro Forestal" was
             | build._
        
             | ph0rque wrote:
             | > Do we have a replacement for coal in the steel industry?
             | 
             | Still in R&D admittedly, but micronuclear should do the job
             | well.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | how does micronuclear replace coal for producing carbon
               | steels?
        
               | ph0rque wrote:
               | Here's an example research article: https://www.sciencedi
               | rect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03605...
        
               | 6nf wrote:
               | Ah I think you're misunderstanding the question about the
               | steel. Steel contains quite a bit of carbon (the element
               | carbon) dissolved in the iron, on the order of 1% of the
               | steel bulk is elemental carbon. You need to get that
               | carbon from somewhere and coal is good source of carbon.
               | 
               | No research is going to replace the carbon in steel with
               | something clean, your article is about the energy used in
               | steel production and not the elemental carbon going into
               | the steel itself.
        
               | ph0rque wrote:
               | I see, thanks for the clarification. Yes, I was thinking
               | of coal solely as a source of energy (heat, specifically)
               | to melt steel.
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | I read an old paper from the 60's on electrowinning iron
             | from a sulfate solution. They claimed around 4.5kwh/kg.
             | Read a more recent paper (2019) reporting on same process
             | with modern separators[1] got energy requirements down to
             | 3.5kwh/kg.
             | 
             | 3.5 kwh/kg is probably 20 cents worth of electricity.
             | 
             | [1] Separators are used to isolate the anode and cathode in
             | electrolytic cells in order to suppress side reactions.
             | Modern separators allow specific ions to pass while
             | blocking others.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | You need carbon to make steel, but it doesn't necessarily
             | have to be from coal. So we definitely _could_ replace
             | coal, but that may be very expensive at today 's scale.
             | Even if we can use trees rather than coal, we are avoiding
             | the release of carbon which was previously locked away
             | underground.
             | 
             | Also, coal we dig up is much more suitable for one or the
             | other purpose. If you mine thermal coal, the steel plant
             | doesn't want it, they want metallurgical coal. If your
             | country has a steel plant, and a thermal coal mine, you
             | will export thermal coal from the mine and import
             | metallurgical coal to run the steel plant. Well, if nobody
             | buys your thermal coal, the coal mine shuts, even if you
             | still have a steel plant.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | I don't know if he is right, but Bill Gates has been saying
             | that we should basically accept that certain kinds of steel
             | will never be made with a net zero process. We need steel
             | though, so we will have to offset those carbon costs.
        
         | bradleyjg wrote:
         | The linked article says:
         | 
         |  _The Department of Energy in late 2020 declared a moratorium
         | on endorsing new coal-fired power plants as the Southeast Asian
         | nation seeks to shift to a more flexible power supply and
         | reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 75% by 2030._
         | 
         | You don't need a moratorium on something that makes no economic
         | sense. This is a decision that takes into account externalities
         | (and that's great!)
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | > You don't need a moratorium on something that makes no
           | economic sense.
           | 
           | Yes, you do. Some will make decisions that are uneconomic
           | because captive rate payers have no choice (this is prevalent
           | with coal in the US MISO and PJM ISO grids) but to pay, and
           | those making them are doing so to support coal even while in
           | its death throes. About 160 cities are locked into the
           | prairie state coal plant in southern Illinois (one of the
           | largest coal plants east of the Mississippi) because of bonds
           | they issued and debt they've taken on they can't afford to
           | accelerate payback on to close the plant early.
           | 
           | https://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/2021/6/4/22517456/prai.
           | ..
           | 
           | TLDR You have to kill coal with extreme prejudice, not just
           | hope economic sanity is enough, because the evidence has
           | demonstrated it isn't.
        
             | bradleyjg wrote:
             | > Some will make decisions that are uneconomic because
             | captive rate payers have no choice
             | 
             | If that's the case then you have bigger problems. Rather
             | than applying bandages on top of a broken system you should
             | figure out how to align incentives.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | People who profit today and won't be here tomorrow cannot
               | have their prioritizes aligned with mitigating climate
               | change. If I were to want to go with some hyperbole, I'd
               | call them apathetic antagonists.
               | 
               | The system is broken _because you can't align the
               | incentives_.
        
               | bradleyjg wrote:
               | A) that's not true, you can design proper incentive
               | structures
               | 
               | and
               | 
               | B) I thought the claim was that coal is uneconomic
               | regardless of environmental considerations
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | I'll point out that the 2013 peak predates many of these
           | environmental moratoriums to phase out coal.
           | 
           | I'm cynical and jaded so i feel that the only reason we're
           | finally getting some traction on the environmental side is
           | that the poor economics of coal made the environmental battle
           | not worth fighting anymore. Effectively the coal lobby is
           | disintegrating at this point.
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | The bidding process and ownership obligations are probably just
       | convoluted enough to dissuade the small players. You see this
       | sort of thing all the time when all manner of goods, equipment or
       | land goes to public auction.
       | 
       | A small player would jump at the chance to buy a mine for cheap
       | if they were reasonably confident they could actually walk out of
       | the deal owning a mine for cheap.
        
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       (page generated 2021-07-10 23:00 UTC)