[HN Gopher] Was Jeanne Calment (longest living well documented p...
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       Was Jeanne Calment (longest living well documented person) actually
       two people?
        
       Author : briefcomment
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2021-07-26 21:03 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (yurideigin.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (yurideigin.medium.com)
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | For a moment I thought the claim was Calment was a chimera as
       | well as a long-lived person.
       | 
       |  _A chimera is essentially a single organism that 's made up of
       | cells from two or more "individuals"--that is, it contains two
       | sets of DNA, with the code to make two separate organisms._
       | 
       |  _One way that chimeras can happen naturally in humans is that a
       | fetus can absorb its twin. This can occur with fraternal twins,
       | if one embryo dies very early in pregnancy, and some of its cells
       | are "absorbed" by the other twin. The remaining fetus will have
       | two sets of cells, its own original set, plus the one from its
       | twin._
       | 
       | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-human-chimeras-...
       | 
       | Unfortunately the claim is more like identity theft. Much less
       | interesting biologically.
        
       | laurensr wrote:
       | From the article, albeit a bit... buried: There is a petition to
       | exhume the bodies and confirm the identity theft
       | 
       | https://www.change.org/p/m-emmanuel-macron-p%C3%A9tition-en-...
        
         | chrisbolt wrote:
         | Has a change.org petition ever done... anything?
        
       | Bayart wrote:
       | A minor pet peeve of mine : I would like English-speaking writers
       | to stop using the term << Victorian >> for places that are not
       | Britain or the British Empire. There was no Queen Victoria, no
       | Victorian era, no Victorian spirit in France. Indeed it was a
       | time of humiliation, political instability and rampant
       | nationalism, albeit on a canvas of industry.
        
         | david-gpu wrote:
         | It's a bit like asking people not to use the Gregorian calendar
         | in places that are not predominantly Christian.
         | 
         | We have to adapt our language to the person we are
         | communicating with, and if they are familiar with the time
         | frame associated with Queen Victoria, I can see how it makes
         | sense to use it. We could refer to the period of Isabella II of
         | Spain, but they wouldn't understand us, so it would be rather
         | pointless.
        
           | nescioquid wrote:
           | I'm a native English-speaker, and the use of the term
           | similarly annoys me, though only just a little. Why not be
           | clearer an simply say "19th century" (early/mid/late)?
           | 
           | Reminds me of the story of the British headline "Fog in
           | channel -- continent cut off".
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | > It's a bit like asking people not to use the Gregorian
           | calendar in places that are not predominantly Christian.
           | 
           | I think it is different in that numbering years is useful,
           | and we need to have an agreed starting point, and by
           | historical accident we've all adopted an estimated (albeit
           | likely incorrect) birth year for the founder of one of the
           | world's major religions. It is hard to pick a culturally-
           | neutral starting point - astronomers sometimes use the Julian
           | period starting at 4713 BCE, but while that is more
           | religiously neutral it still isn't culturally neutral. (It is
           | based partially on astronomy, but also partly on the taxation
           | cycle of the ancient Roman Empire, and that's still Western-
           | centric.)
           | 
           | By contrast, applying _names_ to periods of time is far less
           | useful and far less portable across cultures. The 1800s
           | looked very different in different parts of the world, but it
           | was the same 100 year span everywhere. And we only do this
           | for a handful of historical periods anyway (mostly seem to be
           | named after British monarchs - Victorian, Georgian,
           | Edwardian, etc). Applying those period names to places
           | outside the British Empire is a bit like applying Japanese
           | era names to European history. The whole thing of historical
           | era names seems to be somewhat dying anyway - references to
           | decades (the 1990s, the 1920s, etc) seems more popular in
           | discussing more recent history - the Elizabethan era was in
           | the 16th and very early 17th century, not in the 20th and
           | early 21st.
           | 
           | > We have to adapt our language to the person we are
           | communicating with, and if they are familiar with the time
           | frame associated with Queen Victoria, I can see how it makes
           | sense to use it. We could refer to the period of Isabella II
           | of Spain, but they wouldn't understand us, so it would be
           | rather pointless.
           | 
           | "mid-to-late 19th century" covers roughly the same timeframe,
           | and everyone knows what that is.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > By contrast, applying names to periods of time is far
             | less useful and far less portable across cultures. The
             | 1800s looked very different in different parts of the
             | world, but it was the same 100 year span everywhere. And we
             | only do this for a handful of historical periods anyway
             | (mostly seem to be named after British monarchs -
             | Victorian, Georgian, Edwardian, etc). Applying those period
             | names to places outside the British Empire is a bit like
             | applying Japanese era names to European history.
             | 
             | Sure, but a lot more of the world was part of the British
             | Empire during those periods than has ever been part of the
             | Japanese (and there's a lot of second-order uses for
             | cultural/artistic trends that originated in the British
             | world of those times but are found elsewhere, e.g.,
             | "Victorian architecture".)
        
             | philwelch wrote:
             | It's still a political decision though. The Romans would
             | elect new consuls each year so instead of numbering their
             | years, they just designated them by whoever were the two
             | consuls that year. Later scholars numbered the years since
             | the supposed founding of Rome. The French Revolutionaries
             | created a calendar where Year 1 was the founding of the
             | First Republic, but it didn't catch on.
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | Gregorian calendar was directly adopted in many places. It is
           | still Gregorian calendar in France as is Ming vase sitting in
           | a museum in New York. Arabic numerals used on Space Station
           | do not stop being arabic just because there is no Arab in
           | sight.
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | My impression of the Victorian era is that the British Empire
         | dominated world affairs for most of that period, making them a
         | natural centre of attention for historians of that period.
         | 
         | You don't have to look too long before the Victorian era to
         | find an era where France is the undisputed center of attention
         | in Western history.
        
       | trishika wrote:
       | https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/74/Supple...
        
       | lacker wrote:
       | I am convinced that Jeanne Calment was actually two people. She
       | is a fairly strange outlier in the record of the oldest people:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_verified_oldest_pe...
       | 
       | The oldest person on record is Jeanne at 122, then one 119, then
       | one 118, then the next seven are at 117, then the next thirteen
       | are at 116. She's just an extreme outlier from the rest of the
       | distribution.
       | 
       | Also, in the 25 years since Calment, the distribution of
       | subsequent extremely old people has seemed unchanged. Nobody has
       | gotten any closer to Calment, although we've had far more people
       | in the 114-117 range. It all points to a faked data point.
        
       | laurent123456 wrote:
       | If this theory is true I guess it means she died at around 100,
       | which is still honourable.
       | 
       | It would have been interesting if she had lived to 120 like a
       | real supercentenarian, which means the fake age of 142. Then at
       | least we would have been sure that something's off.
        
       | alain94040 wrote:
       | Debunked, see study mentioned in https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
       | europe-49746060
        
       | arnaudsm wrote:
       | Fake supercentenarians have been used by multiple governments in
       | the past to glorify their lifestyle. USSR did the same, claiming
       | that Shirali Muslimov reached 168. China also has fake "longevity
       | villages" that draw some tourism.
        
       | kevinpet wrote:
       | I read up on this when the article first came out, and what
       | really stood out was the way the supports of Calment's claim /
       | debunkers of the new theory would ignore how their supposed
       | evidence did or did not fit in. IIRC, the Guinness authenticator
       | talked a lot about how they authenticated the birth records and
       | other types of records, which is irrelevant to this particular
       | claim.
        
       | j_leboulanger wrote:
       | I feel like the pictures shown on the article demonstrate the
       | opposite of the author theory.
       | 
       | When the author writes things like "undeniable", the resemblance
       | is more questionable than undeniable when he tries to match the
       | pictures of Yvonne with the ones of the 122 years old women.
       | 
       | I was not convinced at all by the article.
       | 
       | Moreover in such a rich family in France, changing identity like
       | this would have been spotted really quickly.
        
         | alpaca128 wrote:
         | I agree that some of the photo comparisons were weird.
         | 
         | The rest however was indeed very convincing to me. Mismatched
         | eye color, height and appearance untypical of that age, and
         | cognitive tests that estimated a much younger age? That's not
         | something you can just discard imho, and those are the metrics
         | you can hardly fake.
         | 
         | > changing identity like this would have been spotted really
         | quickly.
         | 
         | Unless the people close to her didn't have an interest in
         | spilling the beans.
        
       | fieryskiff11 wrote:
       | Evidence That Jeanne Calment Died in 1934--Not 1997
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424156/
        
       | rscoots wrote:
       | I remember seeing this article awhile back.
       | 
       | Really made me realize that sometimes simple, trivial things that
       | everyone takes as fact really cannot be trusted.
       | 
       | The notion that Coco the gorilla could do sign language was
       | another one that stuck with me.
       | 
       | Anyways, I think the best evidence 'against' Jeanne is that no
       | other super-old person simply looked (both outwardly and
       | physiologically) like someone 20 years thier junior. All the
       | medical evidence points to her not actually being the age she
       | claimed she was.
       | 
       | I'm of the opinion the 2nd place woman is also not legitimate.
       | She probably just lied about her age so she could marry and then
       | lived incredibly long.
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Knauss
        
         | joshuaissac wrote:
         | > I'm of the opinion the 2nd place woman is also not
         | legitimate. She probably just lied about her age so she could
         | marry and then lived incredibly long.
         | 
         | From that link:
         | 
         | > The 1891 directory records that the 1890 US census listed
         | Sarah D. Clark as age 10, which is roughly consistent with a
         | September 1880 birth date.
        
           | rscoots wrote:
           | Yea, looks like that source came out Dec 2019 which is after
           | I first looked into this.
           | 
           | Very interesting & well written write up! Even though
           | Wikipedia says "Better source needed" for whatever reason.
           | 
           | The author still casts a good amount of doubt on her claim
           | though, and even assuming the existing evidence is correct
           | she still couldve been 116 it says.
           | 
           | But yea as long as you don't have birth certificates or
           | baptism records I guess that would always be true.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | There's the observation that the one modern social phenomenon
         | that's been most strongly associated with a reduction in the
         | number of superannuated persons in a population is accurate
         | demographic recordkeeping.
         | 
         | See, e.g.,
         | https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2019/08/06/are-superc...
        
           | xdennis wrote:
           | This is like the UFO observation: camera sensors have
           | improved, but UFO videos stay the same (low details and
           | ambiguous).
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | > Really made me realize that sometimes simple, trivial things
         | that everyone takes as fact really cannot be trusted.
         | 
         | One I've noticed is "Einstein was super smart" when a simpler
         | theory is "Einstein didn't cite prior work so everyone thought
         | he did it."
        
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       (page generated 2021-07-26 23:00 UTC)