[HN Gopher] Archaeologists discover 4k-year-old ancient city in ...
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       Archaeologists discover 4k-year-old ancient city in Iraqi desert
        
       Author : andyxor
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2021-08-13 17:37 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theartnewspaper.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theartnewspaper.com)
        
       | pythonlion wrote:
       | maybe its the lost city of Akkad. capital of the first empire
        
         | andyxor wrote:
         | this is just 30km from Ur, I thought Akkad capital was more to
         | the north , in the traditionally Akkadian territory
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkadian_Empire#/media/File:Em...
         | 
         | btw this is great series on that time (and what preceded it)
         | "The Sumerians - Fall of the First Cities"
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2lJUOv0hLA
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Thank you. I'm always on the hunt for good archeology TV. The
           | Netflix show ' Secrets of the Saqqara Tomb' was great and
           | good for kids too. Much of Time Team was as well.
           | 
           | I also enjoyed one on Must Farm - I believe it was this one.
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sX3bqmxD298
           | 
           | Far too many searches for shows end up with crackpot 'Aliens
           | did it' type scenarios, which irritates.
           | 
           | Have you any other recommendations?
        
             | andyxor wrote:
             | not really, just falling into wikipedia & youtube rabbit
             | hole, just found out that the biblical 'Cain & Abel' story
             | could be an echo of earlier Sumerian myth of the Courtship
             | of Inanna and Dumuzid, or even earlier one of the god Enlil
             | "choosing the Farmer", and generally goes back to the pre-
             | historic agriculture revolution which divided the settled
             | farmer and the wandering hunter-gatherer
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain_and_Abel
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanna#Courtship_of_Inanna_an
             | d...
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlil#Enlil_Chooses_the_Farme
             | r...
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate_between_Winter_and_Sum
             | m...
        
               | Mikeb85 wrote:
               | Nice rabbit hole. To add to this, pretty much all pre-
               | exodus biblical stories and myths have parallels in
               | Mesopotamian myths, likely having originated there.
        
               | pythonlion wrote:
               | most famous is flood story and creation myth which have
               | big similarity with the bible. also Habiru/afiru people
               | have been theorized to be ancient Hebrew. also big
               | parallax between Baal and the bible god and many
               | traditions that were common all over the ancient near
               | east, as well as myths.
        
               | mwaitjmp wrote:
               | Yes indeed! This is really fascinating.
               | 
               | This comes to us via the epic of Gilgamesh[0], perhaps
               | written around 2100 BCE.
               | 
               | Small extract:
               | 
               | " Ea commanded Utnapishtim to demolish his house and
               | build a boat, regardless of the cost, to keep living
               | beings alive.
               | 
               | The boat must have equal dimensions with corresponding
               | width and length and be covered over like Apsu boats."
               | 
               | There is an excellent in our time episode which covers
               | this epic, the Sumerian language and translation which I
               | found one of the most interesting episodes they have made
               | [1].
               | 
               | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b080wbrq
        
               | pythonlion wrote:
               | Dilmun[0] a ancient city contemporary to Akkadian culture
               | in todays Bahrain was the place where that Utnapishtim
               | was set to live forever and other similarities in
               | mythology with Garden of Edan, although it was a great
               | culture by itself.
               | 
               | Cedar Forest [1] in Lebanon was a sacred place in the
               | ancient world and had big appearance in Gilgamesh story.
               | the forest was famous for its premium tress to build
               | temples in some of the cultures around and the most
               | famous one was the legendry the temple of Solomon. also
               | Ugarit was a city where many interesting texts were found
               | with huge similarity for later bible story
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilmun [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Forest
        
             | hiddencache wrote:
             | Not TV, but something I used to look at every time I was at
             | the British Museum. There's a virtual tour here: https://ww
             | w.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/assyrian-...
        
             | wswope wrote:
             | Not the person you replied to, but as someone with very
             | similar tastes, there's a Time Team spinoff called "Extreme
             | Archaeology" that's pretty good, and some BBC specials with
             | "Lost Kingdoms of [Region]" titles that I found scratched
             | the same itch.
        
             | pythonlion wrote:
             | on YouTube 3 channels I really recommend : history with CY
             | - very easy to follow animated videos and great narration ,
             | Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages - have everything
             | and good quality, also talk about mythology. World of
             | Antiquity - most scientific vibe
        
             | christkv wrote:
             | Tides of history podcast is great and talks a lot about
             | ancient civilizations from all over the world.
        
             | zetazzed wrote:
             | Wondrium (formerly the Great Courses) has many excellent
             | related series. Academic but very watchable. Like a 20
             | lecture series on the history of Jerusalem. I particularly
             | liked their series on the Etruscans:
             | https://www.wondrium.com/the-mysterious-etruscans
        
       | hiddencache wrote:
       | I remember learning that cuneiform isn't an alphabet and doesn't
       | have characters, but rather characters to write syllables so it
       | could be used to spell English or Chinese.
        
         | pythonlion wrote:
         | Its more complicated then that. for example Akkadian is a
         | language that used the Sumerian cuneiform. the way they used it
         | was divided into two. Sumerian was written in a simple way that
         | in which every word have unique symbol. the first advancement
         | in written happened with the second written language Akkadian
         | as so: first, because of many words in Sumerian had only 1
         | consonant the Akkadians used the symbol of that word to
         | represent 1 consonant. let say the world Ki in Sumerian meant a
         | star and had a symbol * you can use that symbol in you language
         | to write *d and read it "kid" (but you also need a sign for d,
         | I don't have real example). second the used complete Sumerian
         | symbols but read them in Akkadian like Korean used Chinese
         | symbols until 1500. this got evolved until the Assyrian which
         | used old Akkadian system and the new (normal) alphabet system
         | that was invented by the Phoenician long time after.
        
           | philipov wrote:
           | Japanese is a better example than Korean. Hanzi/Kanji are
           | Chinese ideographic characters adopted by Japan and still
           | used today. But Chinese is an 'analytic' language that uses
           | grammatical words instead of conjugation (much like most of
           | English). Japanese words have significant and complex
           | morphology depending on the grammatical context, and Chinese
           | characters aren't well suited for writing that.
           | 
           | Ideographs aren't great for languages where the same word is
           | written differently depending on the tense, case, person, etc
           | (like English '-ed' for past tense; 'is' vs 'was'). They're
           | good when you have a distinct word for expressing those
           | things (like English 'will' for future tense).
           | 
           | The Hiragana syllabus was developed to write the grammatical
           | parts of words. It was developed by taking existing Chinese
           | characters, just like you described with Akkadian, and
           | simplifying them to make them easier to write. Many Japanese
           | words will contain a mix of writing systems, with the root of
           | the word written in ideographic Kanji and the grammatical
           | conjugation written in syllabaric Hiragana.
           | 
           | And there's also Katakana which is a syllabus of even further
           | simplified characters derived from Hiragana, which is used
           | for writing loan words not derived from either Chinese or
           | Japanese.
           | 
           | It's of course a bit more complicated and messy than just
           | what I described, but that's the gist of it.
        
         | DFHippie wrote:
         | The number of symbols a syllabary would have to have to
         | represent all the syllables of Sumerian (and Akkadian and
         | Babylonian and whatnot) and both English and Chinese is
         | monstrous. English has syllables like "strengths". Chinese has
         | four tones.
        
         | tasogare wrote:
         | I wish people could stop spreading lies about writing systems;
         | giving 3 false information in a single sentence is quite a
         | feat. Of course cuneiform writing is a set of characters, a lot
         | of which being encoded in Unicode starting at U+12000
         | codepoint. One character doesn't equate a syllable, some even
         | are unpronunced (determiners), and the phonology of Sumerian
         | make its a poor way for its writing system to transcribe
         | English.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | It's entirely possible to correct someone politely, and it's
           | strongly encouraged here.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | tasogare wrote:
             | My comment isn't unpolite in any way. On the other hand
             | your patronizing comment is rude, so it would be good you
             | start applying to yourself what you are preaching.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > giving 3 false information in a single sentence is
               | quite a feat.
               | 
               | I'm with macintux. I think that was rather rude. Nor do I
               | think macintux was patronizing.
        
       | dane-pgp wrote:
       | Iraqi researchers get to do their work on a 4k year-old tablet,
       | while I'm stuck with a 1080p flat screen from 2016? I should
       | change career!
        
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       (page generated 2021-08-13 23:00 UTC)