[HN Gopher] The Wendelstein 7-X concept proves its efficiency
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       The Wendelstein 7-X concept proves its efficiency
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2021-08-17 16:07 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ipp.mpg.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ipp.mpg.de)
        
       | ChuckMcM wrote:
       | As I've said before I love this project. The engineering is top
       | notch and they are just knocking down the unknowns one after
       | another.
       | 
       | It is for me a wonderful example of how a large engineering
       | project to build a new thing should be approached. Lay out all of
       | the questions that are currently unanswered for which the answer
       | will affect the next step. Then start building with the goal of
       | answering the questions in dependency order so that the next
       | question/build can incorporate your new understanding given the
       | answer to the previous question. Iterate until you've answered
       | all the engineering questions and you're sitting there looking at
       | a fully functional device that does this new thing.
        
       | sp332 wrote:
       | How is energy extracted from the reaction? Once you get a bunch
       | of energetic particles flying around, how to do you get from
       | there to electricity?
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | Same way it is pretty much everywhere, including in nuclear
         | power plants. Heat water and use the steam to run a turbine.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | I think it basically heats up the walls of the chamber, from
         | which you can use the heat to make electricity in the usual
         | way.
        
       | willis936 wrote:
       | Stellarator theory has been booming for the past 20-40 years, but
       | very few machines have been made to push it forward. I'd love to
       | see a mid-scale (sub 1 BnUSD) HTS machine be built as a platform
       | to develop coil winding techniques and test turbulent transport
       | models.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | If I remember correctly, you replied to one of my comments on
         | fusion power in the past and that you are actually working in
         | research yourself.
         | 
         | Most fusion projects seem to take years between major steps. Do
         | you think a rapid-iteration approach (like what SpaceX is doing
         | to develop Starship) could work for fusion research?
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | I'm stepping out to appease the two-body problem.
           | 
           | My impression is that a Manhattan Project for fusion would be
           | successful. We already have all the technology needed to make
           | a successful reactor. The reason things like HTS coil winding
           | are moving so slowly to scale up is because there is no
           | market for it. How could anyone invest in something with no
           | return?
           | 
           | If a lot of money did suddenly become available then
           | innovative and radical platforms could be seriously
           | considered. Things like stellarator platforms designed with
           | adjustable geometry coils to explore many different
           | optimizations without needing to build a new machine every
           | time would be on the table.
           | 
           | Issues related to first-wall and divertors require large
           | machines to develop. They are not unsolvable problems, but
           | those are the ones that need a serious amount of money to
           | test and develop. Theory is way ahead of experiment here. I
           | think it would be easier to find the money for these big
           | machines if the performance metrics of smaller machines
           | continued to increase. The problem is there isn't enough
           | money to keep these new small-to-medium machines coming. Look
           | at the history of FES spending in the DoE budget.
           | 
           | SPARC might be the community's best chance at convincing the
           | public that fusion is worth investing in.
        
             | drmacak wrote:
             | As I see it the problem is also in approach to big new
             | projects. Usually you have long careful preparation to
             | build something about what you have no clear idea how to do
             | it, since it was not build before. But investors, in this
             | case usually government, wants to see some classical
             | project, with schedule / waterfall but in reality it should
             | be more, as what mentioned SpaceX is doing. Which as I
             | understand is fast iteration on unclear solution with clear
             | goal. But I can understand that investors prefer to have
             | ordinary projects as it is more classic approach. The issue
             | is the way it works every time is the same. Project starts
             | everything is fine. Some small delays on milestones but OK,
             | then someone finds out that state of project is actually
             | much worse than expected. Director is fired and the cycle
             | starts again. On the end there is somehow working somehow
             | done project.
        
             | matmatmatmat wrote:
             | What do you think about ITER?
        
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