[HN Gopher] U.S. declares more than 20 species extinct after exh...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       U.S. declares more than 20 species extinct after exhaustive
       searches
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 269 points
       Date   : 2021-09-30 17:51 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.axios.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.axios.com)
        
       | BrianOnHN wrote:
       | Some comments mentions bringing back species. Well, how would you
       | like to return to a home that is no longer hospitable?
       | 
       | Just awful.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | How many more species would be classified as extinct if not for
         | zoos?
        
           | yissp wrote:
           | Wow, quite a few, and this isn't even an exhaustive list
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_in_the_wild
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | I guarantee you that when the technology exists to bring back
         | some of these species via cloning or genetic engineering, they
         | will have some habitat restored once they are ready to re-
         | introduce them. Otherwise it would be a complete waste of time
         | and money.
        
           | agilob wrote:
           | I think the comment it more about what if we have technology
           | but no space for resurrected species?
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Then we wait until we have the space. There is no deadline
             | to meet.
        
               | agilob wrote:
               | Pretty sure the deadline is our extinction, but after
               | that, the animal kingdom can flourish again
        
       | RobLach wrote:
       | If you can't handle the heat get out of the Anthropocene.
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | "To evolve or not to evolve, that is the question" - William
         | Darwin
        
       | Bud wrote:
       | Among the species who are now tragically extinct: Republicans who
       | are not Nazis and who answer to reason.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Come on, you know better than to vandalize HN like this. Please
         | don't.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | rwcarlsen wrote:
         | Funny - I'm sure many people could argue the same about
         | democrats - they're the ones firing people for not undergoing
         | unnecessary medical procedures and coordinating with
         | multinational companies on censorship guidance.
        
       | OJFord wrote:
       | 'Exhaustive'? They may have been exhaust _ing_ (!) but can you
       | really ever search _exhaustively_ for a species?
        
         | mumblemumble wrote:
         | At the very very least, "exhaustive" and "exhausting" are
         | potential synonyms.
         | 
         | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exhaustive#Adjective
         | 
         | I'd argue that definition 2 is also a decent fit, and
         | definition 1 is acceptable if you permit mild hyperbole. (Which
         | I'd advise doing, as mild hyperbole is more-or-less the default
         | register of Standard American English.)
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | > mild hyperbole is more-or-less the default register of
           | Standard American English
           | 
           | Well as a speaker of British English, I suppose that's where
           | I fell down.
           | 
           | They're very much not synonyms as far as I'm concerned, my
           | 'exhausting' was a joke, being 'very tiring, causing
           | exhaustion' vs. the 'every possible element, comprehensive'
           | from your Wiktionary link for 'exhaustive'.
           | 
           | You can't possibly check everywhere. I don't say that out of
           | some sort of extinction denial! I assume there are standards
           | in the field for time since sighting over certain number of
           | known habitats or percentage coverage of land or whatever
           | that indicates extinction.
           | 
           | I just wouldn't call that 'after exhaustive search',
           | personally. 'Extensive', sure. 'Sufficient to meet criteria
           | for extinction' is what matters.
        
         | murphyslab wrote:
         | Tens of thousands of naturalists (e.g. birders) have been
         | looking for evidence for decades. It's a pretty wide net,
         | particularly with citizen science platforms such as iNaturalist
         | and eBird.
         | 
         | As for whether it's possible, I would say yes. Environmental
         | DNA (eDNA) sampling can be used to see if a particular species
         | is present even if you don't visually or audibly observe the
         | species:
         | 
         | > eDNA is increasingly being used for biosurveillance, species
         | occupancy studies, and the detection of endangered and invasive
         | species, particularly in aquatic ecosystems [0]
         | 
         | There's a very recent paper that has demonstrated that animal
         | DNA can be obtained from the air and used to identify animals
         | present in a given space. [0]
         | 
         | > Clare set up vacuum pumps with filters in 20 locations in
         | Hamerton Zoo Park and let each run for 30 minutes. [...] The
         | team identified 17 species kept at the zoo and others living
         | near and around it, such as hedgehogs and deer. Some zoo animal
         | DNA was found nearly 300 meters from the animals' enclosures.
         | She also detected airborne DNA likely from the meat of chicken,
         | pig, cow, and horse fed to captive predators indoors. [1]
         | 
         | In the near future we'll probably see fairly widespread use of
         | this kind of tech in the search for rare and evasive species.
         | 
         | [0] : https://peerj.com/articles/11030/
         | 
         | [1] : https://www.science.org/news/2021/07/dna-pulled-thin-air-
         | ide...
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Undeniably _extensive_. I don 't deny it as sufficient
           | evidence to claim extinction. I just don't think it can (or
           | could ever) be called 'exhaustive'.
        
       | ipsin wrote:
       | Once a species is declared extinct, is it legal to hunt?
       | 
       | I realize this may sound like a weird question, but I'm curious
       | if there had ever been mistakes like this, with a lack of
       | protection leading to actual accidental extinction.
        
         | look_lookatme wrote:
         | Hunting laws in general vary state by state but for the most
         | part you can't just go out and kill any random thing flying
         | around. There generally has to be some sort of formal
         | designation that a species can be hunted. Otherwise don't kill
         | it.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | What law on the books says that it is legal for me to kill a
           | dragonfly?
        
           | nixpulvis wrote:
           | There's absolutely nothing stopping me from killing ants, or
           | even stopping my cat from killing rats. Hunting is regulated,
           | but it's not all species by default.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | If there's not already a case in the books, that simply goes to
         | show that we have done a good job not mislabeling species as
         | extinct. The Endangered Species Act surely still applies, if
         | anything the punishment would be more severe.
         | 
         | This question is absurd.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | It would be cool to see a list of all the species that have
       | recovered from near extinction in the last 50 years. (Just to
       | balance out the doom)
       | 
       | Off the top of my head: bald eagles, other birds of prey?,
       | various whale species, what else?
        
         | openasocket wrote:
         | My favorite example would be Przewalski's horse, also known as
         | the Mongolian wild horse. In the 1960s it was believe extinct
         | in the wild, with a couple dozen in zoos. Zoos began a breeding
         | program and eventually began reintroducing them to their
         | previous habitats. Today there are something like 1,900
         | Przewalski's horses, and over half of those are in the wild.
         | It's really a testament to the good that zoos can do for
         | conservation.
        
         | underbluewaters wrote:
         | In California, pelicans nearly were killed off by DDT but are
         | quite common now. Santa Cruz Island foxes almost went extinct
         | but are now very abundant. Bald Eagles are coming back to the
         | Channel Islands as well.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | From the standpoint of understandig molecular biology and
       | evolution, this is just basically burning the Library of
       | Alexandria to keep yourself warm for a few days. This is unique
       | information being lost forever.
        
         | prescriptivist wrote:
         | Many of these species were considered done for by the time they
         | were listed. The tools we have to rehabilitate our ecology from
         | the brink of near total destruction really only came online in
         | the late 60s through the 70s and it's taken time for them to be
         | effective, but they have been in a lot of ways, whether it is
         | the ESA, CWA, NEPA, etc.
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | s/super depressing/super distressing/g
       | 
       | agree, signed Extinction Witness
        
       | mhalle wrote:
       | Well know species, such as the Monarch butterfly, are candidates
       | for extinction, but don't make it to the list because other
       | species are "higher priority":
       | 
       | https://www.fws.gov/savethemonarch/ssa.html
        
         | sethammons wrote:
         | As a kid, I loved the monarch migration that came through our
         | mountain community. Thousands and thousands of them. Then
         | hundreds. Then dozens. Then lucky to see a single one.
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | I see so many monarchs
           | 
           | Then man fails his role
           | 
           | No longer do I see them
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | Does the list have a maximum quota? I would have thought that
         | the list could grow to accommodate any species that meet
         | certain criteria?
        
       | EastOfTruth wrote:
       | And we are still discovering new ones:
       | https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/7-new-animals-...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | BitwiseFool wrote:
       | I like to think that the Hawaiian practice of using native bird
       | feathers for large and elaborate cloaks might let us pursue de-
       | extinction through DNA extraction and cloning:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAhu_%CA%BBula
       | 
       | Just think about how many individual birds' feathers contributed
       | towards making these. And we know plenty of the yellow feathers
       | are from the Kaua`i `o`o bird which was declared extinct. The
       | Kaua`i Akialoa was also declared extinct and they had yellow
       | feathers too. There could even be feathers from species that went
       | extinct before being cataloged by science. There is so much
       | potential in this area, yet I don't know if there are any
       | proposals to attempt DNA extraction or try to examine feathers
       | and determine which species each came from.
       | 
       | Edit: This is food for thought and I'm in no way advocating we do
       | any less to prevent extinctions today. I just like having the
       | hope that future generations might be able to bring a few species
       | back.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | Do feathers even contain DNA? Aren't they just keratin? Hair
         | sans follicle can't be used for DNA extraction for example
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | The base of the feathers do, "Feathers are known to contain
           | amplifiable DNA at their base (calamus) and have provided an
           | important genetic source from museum specimens." https://roya
           | lsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2009.075...
           | 
           | There are also museum specimens, but as you can imagine,
           | _way_ less diverse genetic material can be gathered from
           | those collections.
        
         | lawrencevillain wrote:
         | I love that the answer is always more technology will save us.
         | Whether it's carbon removal advances or cloning, we just look
         | towards future advancements instead of cleaning up our act.
         | 
         | I understand that expecting some sort of big shift in how we
         | live is not feasible, it's just a shame.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | Has worked so far though with all constraints (political,
           | economic, and scientific).
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > I love that the answer is always more technology will save
           | us.
           | 
           | The solution to extincting the whales for whale oil was
           | petroleum. The solution to denuding the landscape of trees
           | was coal. The solution to coal is natural gas, solar, nuclear
           | power.
           | 
           | The only alternative to technology is to shrink the human
           | population by about 95%.
        
             | titzer wrote:
             | You do realize that the switch from whale oil to petroleum
             | caused a massive, orders of magnitude increase in human
             | footprint and ecological destruction? Had we not discovered
             | petroleum, or had it not been there, human civilization
             | would have plateaued or even declined, right after the
             | extinction of these beautiful animals, because we would
             | have absolutely hunted them to extinction unless they were
             | protected. We would have been forced to live in balance
             | with available resources.
             | 
             | The arc of whales would have followed the arc of so many
             | other natural "resources" that are produced or even consist
             | of living beings. There are several native hardwoods that
             | are either effectively extinct or impossible to obtain
             | because they were mined out.
             | 
             | No, we stumbled on a vast reservoir of energy buried under
             | the ground and we've been draining that reservoir as fast
             | as possible. We'll transition off petroleum about the time
             | it becomes economically infeasible to extract and burn it,
             | and not a second sooner.
             | 
             | By all means, bring on solar, nuclear, wind, whatever. They
             | are just more reservoirs to tap to run this machine. Just
             | so we can dig up, slice up, chop up, burn down, and chew up
             | another order of magnitude of the biosphere. Because money
             | and grandkids and ice cream.
             | 
             | We are too many and too greedy, and this planet has finite
             | resources. "Technology". Always magical technology. Well
             | until technology can grow a watermelon in a lightbulb, we
             | are gonna keep munching away at this planet until the
             | biosphere collapses around our ears.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The extinction of animals caused by humans has been
               | ongoing and increasing since the stone age. There's no
               | way that not having petroleum would have stopped it.
               | 
               | > this planet has finite resources
               | 
               | No matter is being destroyed or is escaping the planet,
               | aside from a solar system probe now and then. Energy can
               | repurpose and reconfigure existing resources.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | Helium is a counterexample to that notion even if it is
               | vaguely true for most other things.
        
               | voldacar wrote:
               | Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that this planet
               | has finite entropy
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Tech is what humans do. What humans are _bad_ at is
           | artificial limits on growth.
           | 
           | Between the two, I very much expect one to save us before the
           | other, if either can save us at all.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | I wasn't trying to imply we can just "let it be" because we
           | can undo it later. I actually follow Hawaiian Ecosystem
           | conservation and I do what little I can to help. But I
           | understand where you are coming from. Simply consider my
           | original post hopium.
        
             | lawrencevillain wrote:
             | Sorry I wasn't trying to downplay your response, I agree it
             | is the only hope we can actually have these days.
             | 
             | It's awesome that you are giving back though, Hawaii has
             | got to be a really fascinating and challenging case study
             | for conservation vs. consumerism.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | >"Hawaii has got to be a really fascinating and
               | challenging case study for conservation vs. consumerism."
               | 
               | Indeed, and it is actually something I personally
               | struggle with. The situation is actually much more dire
               | than people realize. I myself am actually part Native
               | Hawaiian and it is so disheartening to see fellow locals
               | actively protest conservation measures. I do what I can
               | to testify in public meetings but local pushback on
               | things like ungulate eradication or land use laws are
               | intense.
               | 
               | I don't want to dismiss them entirely because the
               | concerns come from a real place, but those reasons are
               | all economic in nature. And, you end up in the unenviable
               | position of being a relatively privileged person telling
               | a disadvantaged community they can't have the economic
               | advancement they want. It is genuinely difficult.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | No amount of "cleaning up our act" will undo damage already
           | done. The solution is always technology because that's what
           | technology is - solutions to problems. Changing behavior can
           | allow you to avoid a problem, but only technology will fix a
           | problem you've failed to avoid.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | I think what OP was implying is that the solution is always
             | posited as in some future technology just on the horizon.
             | We will save the day in the final act of the trilogy, this
             | is just the empire strikes back, right?
             | 
             | Except that's not where our solution to this problem lies.
             | We have all the technology we need to be carbon neutral
             | today, namely in the form of nuclear power. In fact, Nixon
             | planned on 1000 nuclear power plants operating in the U.S.
             | by the year 2000. The reason why we don't have that reality
             | today has nothing to do with technology, and everything to
             | do with behavior and choices we've made. We chose to
             | protest nuclear power, we chose to close down power plants
             | that were generating electricity carbon free, we chose to
             | do this because we decided that it was nuclear power that
             | was the enemy of ecology, in the face of this misinformed
             | public politicians found it easier to keep their jobs by
             | walking back plans for nuclear power than to educate the
             | populace.
             | 
             | Decades later today, we find ourselves forced to sleep in
             | this bed of coal and natural gas, but we ignore that this
             | is a bed that we ourselves willingly made by choice, and
             | continue to maintain by choice using bullshit excuses such
             | as cost or time or profitability to bury any practical
             | alternative (in a society where for the first time since
             | the invention of currency, government mints can generate
             | money out of plain air no less).
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Vertical farming is one solution, albeit expensive.
        
       | tamaharbor wrote:
       | Since we are still discovering some species, there is a good
       | chance that these are not totally extinct.
        
       | TheChaplain wrote:
       | This is just the beginning I believe.
       | 
       | 20 years ago we were 6bn humans, today we are very close to 8bn
       | and in a little more than 20 years ahead we are 10bn.
       | 
       | It's an alarming growth rate, and considering how much each
       | person use resources and produce waste during their lifetime, I'd
       | say we are looking at quite a bit more extinct species in the
       | future.
        
         | gbear605 wrote:
         | The human population is expected to flatten out at around 10-11
         | billion in 2050 or so, and then decrease. Bringing people out
         | of poverty decreases the amount of children they tend to have
         | without having to go to any extreme measures.
        
       | azifali wrote:
       | :-(
        
       | BelenusMordred wrote:
       | For anyone out there I highly recommend reading The Sixth
       | Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert
       | 
       | It's a plain, almost coldhearted look at what we are doing to the
       | planet and where this path leads. Something needs to change
       | urgently.
        
       | shakezula wrote:
       | Someday we're going to hit the cascade point, where we've
       | simultaneously and severely damaged or disrupted so many
       | ecosystems that they won't be able to recover and it all just
       | collapses.
        
         | jrwoodruff wrote:
         | Great thing is, we probably won't know what that point is until
         | we've past it.
        
           | shakezula wrote:
           | It will hit us like a brick wall when we start experiencing
           | actual environmental ramifications for this, too.
           | 
           | Ocean acidification, the methane clathrate gun, some of the
           | most serious climate issues that we've identified aren't even
           | within the window of public discussion. The Green New Deal
           | isn't even close to being passed.
           | 
           | I can't even imagine America pulling together to pass a
           | boring infrastructure bill right now. I honestly can't fathom
           | how previous presidents got anything done at all, let alone
           | the massive public works projects that shaped America in the
           | middle of the 20th century.
        
             | fleddr wrote:
             | It's even worse. Fighting climate change, which seemingly
             | already is controversial, is purely about human self
             | preservation. It doesn't address biodiversity, pollution,
             | habitat destruction, the oceans being empty, none of it.
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | The future is here already, it's just not evenly distributed.
         | There are countless examples of local ecosystems that have been
         | entirely decimated as a direct result of human activity. It's
         | been going on for millenia. The Tigris/Euphrates river region
         | used be a lush, fertile paradise. Thousands of years of human
         | agriculture has turned it into what it is today.
         | 
         | Clear-cutting of forests throughout North America, Britain, New
         | Zealand are other examples. Recent collapses of kelp forests
         | off the coast of California. Not to mention coral reefs dying
         | and the great desertification of western China.
         | 
         | It's happening all over. It's here now.
        
           | veb wrote:
           | I'm in NZ, and we have very large (I'd wager true wilderness)
           | forests with native trees and fauna. Even cutting native
           | trees on your property can be pretty bad (people get
           | convicted for this). Unless say, the tree is about to fall on
           | your house. We have a lot of national parks, I just would
           | like us to get some more national marine reserves considering
           | we have a pretty large EEZ zone around the country:
           | https://teara.govt.nz/en/map/33830/exclusive-economic-zones
           | (which is the forth largest in the world).
           | 
           | There's so much we can do better, and we are trying. Pine,
           | etc we don't care about cutting down. Ngai Tahu a South
           | Island Maori tribe actually own a lot of these forests and
           | the idea is that when they're felled for timber, natives are
           | grown in place. I hope they keep that up, and to be fair,
           | they're not really in need of much more money considering
           | they are the richest tribe in NZ as they've re-invested
           | everything they got after the Treaty of Waitangi.
           | 
           | We should do more though, always.
           | 
           | If you ever visit, there's places in Stewart Island for
           | example that have been completely made rodent free - and
           | things are blooming there. On a school camp (we stayed on a
           | yacht for a week), we got to experience a magical full moon-
           | lit beach and got to witness all the wee kiwis come out and
           | play. It was the most magical sight I've ever seen.
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | I can't recommend david attenborough's "a life on our planet"
           | enough to gain some perspective on this. You're completely
           | right: it's already happening.
        
           | shakezula wrote:
           | I understand what's happening all over, but those are the
           | small collapses I'm saying will eventually all string
           | together and start to cause wider collapse that we won't be
           | able to stop. Right now, we can still rewild an ecosystem
           | fairly easily, but that won't be feasible when multiple
           | ecosystems are collapsing all around us.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, I think we should be in panic mode and
           | start a full redirection of public funds towards serious
           | preservation of natural species and habitats, with carbon
           | sequestration implementations, both short and long term
           | solutions, and a serious jobs program to implement all of the
           | above.
           | 
           | But it won't happen because the public is too removed from
           | the problem. Most people haven't felt any real impact, and we
           | probably won't be able to get massive legislation passed
           | until that point, and I fear it will be too late once they
           | do.
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | Wait until urban people find out what role insects play in food
         | production. Insects in turn relying on healthy habitats.
         | 
         | They'll find out when shelves are empty or prices go x 10.
        
       | Johnny555 wrote:
       | Scientists have a recording of the mating call of the last known
       | Kaua`i `o`o that could never be answered.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/5THqAY3u5oY?t=44
       | 
       | "That's the last male of a species... singing for a female, who
       | will never come.... he is totally alone.... and now his voice is
       | gone."
       | 
       | I find that to be very sad
        
         | Diederich wrote:
         | That tore me up.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | I am probably just a horrible person, but I just don't care about
       | the extinction of such specific species. Often a member of one
       | species is practically impossible to tell from a member of a
       | different species save for where the individual was found. I care
       | a lot more if "crows" are endangered than if "efitz' southeastern
       | marble crested crow" is endangered. [ed: spelling]
       | 
       | Also, I suspect that such narrowly defined species go extinct
       | rather frequently; it's sad that human destruction of habitats
       | contributed but as a species we Homo sapiens outcompeted them and
       | made the world better (in someone's point of view) for Homo
       | sapiens, or we wouldn't have been developing the land in the
       | first place.
       | 
       | In policy setting I would strongly prefer that we look at things
       | less granularity than the species, at least for small animals.
        
         | ogaitnas wrote:
         | This is the type of proud indifference that is going to lead us
         | down the path of no return in no time.
         | 
         | The world is not made better by shrinking biodiversity
         | especially in the long term. But screw posterity right?
         | 
         | I hope you don't have kids.
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | Personal attacks do not belong on hacker news.
        
             | ogaitnas wrote:
             | How is what I said a personal attack? I sincerely hope that
             | someone with such little regard for the environment and
             | therefore the future of this planet isn't someone who is
             | willingly bringing more humans to it. That isn't a personal
             | attack but rather my personal belief on the matter.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | That's called bigotry. And yes, it was a personal attack.
        
             | fleddr wrote:
             | How absolutely pathetic is it that the above 3 comments,
             | all showing care and empathy for non-human life, are
             | massively downvoted? The state of this community.
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Conservation absolutely is nothing to do with care and
               | empathy for non-human life. The proof is that one of the
               | main tools of conservationists is mechanical and chemical
               | killing machines to help them kill and even exterminate
               | all the non-human life that they deem unworthy. Please
               | don't confuse caring about life with caring about the
               | environment. The two feelings are in direct conflict.
        
         | brundolf wrote:
         | What's important is biodiversity. Diverse biological life is
         | more resilient, and it takes a really long time in human years
         | for that diversity to come about in the first place. So if
         | we're destroying it faster than it develops naturally,
         | ecosystem health as a whole declines.
         | 
         | I think that's a valid point though about "how often does this
         | naturally happen?" Surely a certain amount of extinction is
         | natural, and we have little frame of reference for what the
         | magnitude of that is (at least we as laypeople; maybe even
         | scientists, I don't know)
        
         | cmpb wrote:
         | >we Homo sapiens outcompeted them and made the world better (in
         | someone's point of view) for Homo sapiens
         | 
         | I think what's coming into focus for a lot of people nowadays
         | (i.e. the last 50ish years w.r.t eco conservation) is the idea
         | that we are actually making the world worse (for humans) - that
         | actually making the world better for ourselves necessarily
         | includes limiting or reversing our out-competition of other
         | life. While it may not be noticeable to humans that a single
         | species has been driven out (even just out of a region and not
         | necessarily to full extinction) over the course of 10 or 50 or
         | 500 years due to human activity, that does still represent a
         | change to the established biodiversity, which (many people
         | believe) is likely to be net-negative for humans.
         | 
         | Reasons for these beliefs likely vary according to people's
         | experience and interaction with the physical world. Personally,
         | I find great joy experiencing wildness and nature, and I worry
         | that my daughter will not have that. Others might be concerned
         | that the loss of species incurs the loss of some aspects of
         | nature from which we might be able to learn - that there was an
         | opportunity to better ourselves that is now gone forever.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | In this case its a good proxy for understanding what's going on
         | with ecosystems in response to change. Caring about crows as a
         | whole will probably mask the point. You might see that this
         | year there are 1% less crows in an area and think all is well,
         | maybe that's within your measurement error. If you noticed
         | however that all crows are doing fine, but efitz' southeastern
         | marble crested crow numbers have declined significantly, then
         | you have some evidence here. Maybe you look at the particular
         | ecological niches that efitz' southeastern marble crested crow
         | occupies, whatever they might be, and see that there is
         | something bad affecting that particular niche that you would
         | have not had enough statistical power to see if you considered
         | all the crows in one big bag.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | These living creatures can't be brought back. Do you have the
         | wisdom to tell which creatures are pillars of their biome?
         | Further, do you alarm when the match is lit and the flame is
         | spreading or do you wait until your home is already aflame?
         | 
         | I don't think you are a bad person. I suspect you and I grew up
         | in a time where species dieing out is the norm as opposed to
         | the exception, so it simply doesn't stick out for you. Its just
         | how the world works to you. But it is recent, and I'd argue
         | we're making a poor trade as a species, trading bio-diversity
         | for.. frequently, strip malls or strip mining.
        
           | exporectomy wrote:
           | They're mostly on islands so it's very unlikely they matter
           | at all outside of their island. If Hawaii had never been
           | discovered, we wouldn't have to worry about losing them.
           | 
           | I live in a country filled with endangered "native" species
           | but after I grew up, I learned that many of them are
           | basically the same as common species in nearby countries, so
           | similar that even the experts keep disagreeing on whether
           | they're the same species or not.
           | 
           | If their numbers are already extremely low for a long time
           | and everything else is doing fine, it's unlikely they're
           | "pillars of their biome".
        
         | wittycardio wrote:
         | Yup you said it best, you are indeed horrible
        
           | exporectomy wrote:
           | No. You've been indoctrinated to believe that
           | environmentalism is like a religion so that you're a bad
           | person for being an infidel and must not question the flimsy
           | claims that the authorities make.
        
             | ogaitnas wrote:
             | So much bigotry and ad hominem in this comment yet you have
             | the gall to accuse me of the same. Environmentalism is
             | nothing like religion - it's science based on empirical
             | evidence and not on blind faith. I struggle to see what is
             | so flimsy about the findings of this article.
        
         | kevmo wrote:
         | It is true that some sub-species are always going extinct.
         | 
         | That said, we're in the middle of a man-made mass extinction
         | event.
         | 
         | Scientists and systems thinkers have been warning about
         | ecological collapse, particularly in the oceans.
         | 
         | I recommend you start caring.
        
         | gotostatement wrote:
         | > made the world better (in someone's point of view) for Homo
         | sapiens
         | 
         | The capitalist ideological trick is: "are you happy houses were
         | built? Do you enjoy the convenience of modern living? Then
         | don't get mad at us for the tradeoff."
         | 
         | Don't forget that there have always been better ways to
         | accomplish these goals - more equitable, safer for the
         | environment - but they were not done because they did not
         | achieve maximum profit for the individual who, through various
         | historical factors not related to their merit or wisdom, could
         | control the capital necessary for the project.
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | You're indeed a horrible person, but at least an honest one.
         | Seeing planetary scale habitat destruction and the wiping out
         | of the complex web of life that took hundreds of millions of
         | years to evolve, all in a single century, really is quite a win
         | indeed.
         | 
         | Besides individual extinctions, most of the 2 millions or so
         | other species are in deep decline. The IUCN's most positive
         | status for a species is "least concern", really quite telling.
         | 
         | You'd have somewhat of point if a reasonable quality of life
         | would only be possible at the direct expense of other species
         | and habitats, which is not the case.
         | 
         | We sacrifice the world's jungles and its massively complex and
         | old wildlife systems for palm oil. Which is absolutely not an
         | essential requirement for human life at all.
         | 
         | Most other forests are sacrificed to plant crops. Not for us,
         | to feed cattle. So that we can eat beef, the least efficient
         | food. There are alternative meats, less eating of meat, or none
         | at all.
         | 
         | We scrape the ocean floors, use electricity or even dynamite to
         | fish in such a way that collateral damage is off the charts.
         | 
         | We spread our filth (plastics) across the world, it's now found
         | at the poles and even at the bottom of the deepest oceans.
         | 
         | We do trophy hunting on already rare animals for superstition
         | or a quick profit.
         | 
         | None of the above things are required for us to have a
         | reasonable or good quality of life. They are short-sighted,
         | careless and aggressive profit optimizations with disastrous
         | and irreversible consequences. And even if you still don't
         | care, those profits won't end up in the workers pocket or in
         | yours.
         | 
         | No, wildlife habitats do not have to be stripped bare or
         | otherwise we'd go hungry. It's bullshit.
        
         | throwaway09223 wrote:
         | Yes, I agree. Counting species is a terrible metric. We
         | discover something like 15,000 new species every year. We
         | really have no idea how many species are vanishing each year,
         | because we're only examining a tiny percentage.
         | 
         | Another way to frame this is to ask: How many _new_ species are
         | created each year? Well, we don 't really know-- but we do know
         | that a new species can form in just two generations [1]. There
         | may be thousands of species being created and destroyed every
         | year for all we know. Not a useful metric.
         | 
         | A more useful metric is how common a species was before
         | extinction. Using an example from the article, the Ivory-Billed
         | Woodpecker was very common before its extinction. Native
         | Americans used its skulls as decoration and currency. Its
         | eradication is a pretty big deal - BUT - I see some other HN
         | comments lamenting how much things have changed "in my
         | lifetime" and I think people may be unaware that these
         | extinctions basically occurred approximately 200 years ago.
         | There have not been sizable populations of this species for a
         | very long time [2].
         | 
         | Again, the presentation of data and metrics appears to be
         | painting a misleading picture.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/11/27/study-darwins-
         | finc...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ivory-
         | billed_Woodpecker/...
        
         | anonAndOn wrote:
         | Those narrowly defined species might be the only thing keeping
         | other species alive either directly (eg, pollinators) or
         | indirectly (eg, biome creators). When individual species
         | disappear, we often lose much more as collateral damage.
        
           | exporectomy wrote:
           | This seems to the basic understanding most people have. At
           | school, they teach you about food webs and how breaking one
           | link can ruin everything. That's an enticing idea but is it
           | really true? I'm sure there have been some known cases or it
           | wouldn't be in the text books, but is it common enough to get
           | worried about every obscure species?
        
             | ogaitnas wrote:
             | Planting seeds of doubt about established science are we? I
             | thought HN was pro-science and environment??
        
             | anonAndOn wrote:
             | How about vanilla going extinct in the wild? Any real
             | vanilla you have ever had was likely hand pollinated (and
             | probably not from Mexico) because the bee that pollinates
             | the vanilla orchid is thought to be extinct and the orchid
             | that depended on it is now on its way out.[0]
             | 
             | [0]https://phys.org/news/2013-12-professor-vanilla.html
        
       | lawrencevillain wrote:
       | This is super depressing, it's crazy to see how much the
       | flora/fauna have changed locally in my lifetime.
       | 
       | It makes me wonder how much worse it actually is. Is looks like
       | most of these were initially listed in the 80s, not too long
       | after Endangered Species Act passed.
       | 
       | Is there some sort of time limit before they officially declare
       | something extinct?
        
         | prescriptivist wrote:
         | Sounds like the limit is discretionary. From the NYT:
         | 
         | "Scientists do not declare extinctions lightly. It often takes
         | decades of fruitless searching. About half of the species in
         | this group were already considered extinct by the International
         | Union for Conservation of Nature, the global authority on the
         | status of animals and plants. The Fish and Wildlife Service
         | moved slower in part because it is working through a backlog,
         | officials said, and tends to prioritize providing protection
         | for species that need it over removing protection for those
         | that don't."
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | From the article: _Many of the species were likely extremely
         | endangered or extinct before the Endangered Species Act was
         | passed in 1973, meaning that possibly no amount of conservation
         | would have been able to save them_
         | 
         | Most of these wouldn't have been around in any sustainable
         | number well before most of us were born. The real question is
         | whether or not conservation efforts are working on species IDed
         | in the 48 years since. I suspect not, given climate change is
         | bigger than any single species.
        
         | beerandt wrote:
         | The Ivory Billed Woodpecker hasn't had a confirmed sighting
         | since 1944.
         | 
         | Lots of these species have been long gone. But the landowner of
         | that 1944 sighting probably couldn't turn over a rock on his
         | property without fines and lawsuits coming at him, at least
         | until now.
         | 
         | ETA: If I'm remembering the stories right, either the last or
         | one of the very last IBW sightings was doubted by officials,
         | because the guy was a farmer or something and "not a scientist
         | or expert".
         | 
         | Not getting them to pay him any attention, he went home, shot
         | the breeding pair, and returned to the officials office with
         | proof.
        
           | bluejekyll wrote:
           | Not the same species at all, but you just reminded me of the
           | family of three Pileated Woodpeckers that I saw with my
           | parents this summer in rural NY. They are really amazing
           | looking (and bigger than I thought) birds. Hopefully more
           | people will recognize the importance of saving our natural
           | habitats and preserving species like these:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pileated_woodpecker
           | 
           | btw, I'm not saying this particular bread is at risk, it is
           | not, but for how long before they are in a similar situation?
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | It's funny, because the number of people who regularly
             | claim to have seen an IBW is really high. And 9 out of 10
             | times you can show them a picture of a pileated, and they
             | instantly realize their mistake.
             | 
             | Idk why people who can't ID fairly common birds get so
             | certain in thinking they've ID'd a really really uncommon
             | one, but they do.
        
           | Johnny555 wrote:
           | _Lots of these species have been long gone. But the landowner
           | of that 1944 sighting probably couldn 't turn over a rock on
           | his property without fines and lawsuits coming at him, at
           | least until now._
           | 
           | The endangered species act wasn't enacted until 1973, so I
           | think that landowner had plenty of opportunity to do what he
           | wanted with his property.
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | That's not really a fair comparison/ justification.
             | 
             | I don't know how much "warning" was given for the
             | endangered species act, or if that even matters, since land
             | that's about to be worthless is already worthless.
             | 
             | Also, I have no idea what actually happened in this case.
             | But to speculate/generalize:
             | 
             | IBW were already (obviously) extremely rare in 1944, so
             | there would have been an intense amount of pressure
             | preventing him from "doing" anything with the land, and in
             | a rural, wooded area, there probably weren't many options
             | at the time besides farming it, anyway.
             | 
             | If the guy would have known in 1944 that the endangered
             | species act would be passed in 1973, you'd maybe have a
             | point. But he wouldn't have known.
             | 
             | If the government suddenly told you tomorrow you couldn't
             | sell your house, then claiming it's fair because you could
             | have sold it all the way up to yesterday doesn't do you any
             | good if you had no advanced knowledge of it. And if it were
             | public knowledge, who would want to buy it anyway?
        
           | beerandt wrote:
           | There's also the perverse incentives of developers and
           | farmers not wanting endangered species to be "discovered" on
           | their property because of the restrictions that will incur.
           | 
           | But what gets _really_ interesting is re-introduction of
           | endangered species, like with sandhill cranes being re-
           | introduced to Louisiana (transplants from other surviving
           | populations).
           | 
           | Is government introduction of an endangered species on/near
           | private land, in a way that will certainly incur restrictions
           | on that land (to protect said species), considered a "taking"
           | under the constitution, or should it be?
           | 
           | More practically, as was the case with the sandhill crane,
           | the government had to make concessions to land owners to get
           | them on board and make the project politically viable.
           | 
           | Now they're protected, but it's a "special/experimental
           | program" where farmers and other land owners aren't
           | restricted in the ways they would be if they were still
           | naturally occurring in that location.
           | 
           | (Of course it's still illegal to shoot them, but every few
           | years someone manages to misidentify a 6 foot tall bird as a
           | goose or something else legal to hunt.)
        
         | inter_netuser wrote:
         | How come they don't investigate WHAT is actually causing this
         | exactly?
         | 
         | Yes climate is changing but did it change that much since 80s?
         | 
         | What if it's some pesticide? or some food packaging or
         | something
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | How many times have you heard the past government talking
           | about the problem with Californian porpoise?
        
           | openasocket wrote:
           | In the case of the ivory-billed woodpecker it was probably
           | extinct in the 80s too. There hasn't been a universally
           | accepted sighting of one since 1944, the few sightings made
           | since then aren't really conclusive.
           | 
           | For most of these creatures they only existed in one
           | particularly small region or area. The San Marcos gambusia,
           | for instance, historically only lived in a single 1km stretch
           | of the San Marcos River. Species with that tiny of an area
           | can be driven extinct by a single bad weather event or
           | epidemic. Or because some real estate developer decides they
           | want to build a couple apartments. It doesn't even
           | necessarily have to be something big. It's unfortunate, but
           | sadly something like the San Marcos gambusia would probably
           | have gone extinct within a few centuries, human activity or
           | not, unless it was able to adapt to expand its range.
           | 
           | While climate change is definitely something to be concerned
           | about, it is not, currently, the main driver of extinction
           | events like this. The far bigger cause is more direct human
           | activity, like poaching and land development.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | This fish lives in a single rock hole in Nevada. Fewer than
             | 200 individuals alive.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Hole_pupfish
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | Hawaii had iirc 14 species of birds on the list that were
             | all native to either one island or a portion of one, with
             | some preferring certain altitudes or only living on certain
             | plateaus, etc.
             | 
             | The funny thing about Hawaii though, is that there are only
             | two or three (extremely isolated) places that remain with
             | any true Hawaiian plant habitat, because Polynesians
             | brought their own plants with them that almost universally
             | outcompeted the native plants.
             | 
             | Birds on islands are some of the quickest animals to
             | specialize and differentiate into new species.
             | 
             | Which makes Hawaii incredibly interesting, from an island
             | biogeography perspective.
             | 
             | Something as simple as the fact that no mosquitos made it
             | to Hawaii until Captain Cook accidently introduced them,
             | means no native fish, frogs, birds, lizards, or anything
             | that specialized in eating them.
             | 
             | Now extrapolate that to wiping out all the native flora and
             | replacing it.
             | 
             | That so much biodiversity remains in Hawaii today ought to
             | actually give us some comfort in nature's ability to
             | quickly adapt to significant change.
        
               | bpicolo wrote:
               | The introduction of the mongoose to hawaii was a big
               | problem for bird biodiversity
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Over 20 species, so causes are as varied as the species.
           | 
           | In several cases, it was a combination of human activity and
           | (relatively) fragile initial population conditions. 11 of the
           | species are native to Hawaii and Guam, and when human
           | expansion puts pressure on your ecosystem, there's nowhere to
           | move to. One of the fish species lived in one particularly
           | slow-flowing section of one river.
           | 
           | When your whole universe is one island, there's a lot of
           | things humans can do that would render 100% of your habitat
           | unusable.
        
             | daveslash wrote:
             | Yeah, I agree. To add onto your sentiment that it was a
             | combination [of things]... I'd like to add that it's a bit
             | reductionist for people to suggest an extinction is one
             | thing (e.g. it was pesticides, it was climate change,
             | etc...). Sure, sometimes it might be ONE thing, but I would
             | guess that in most cases it's a combination of stresses
             | coming together.
        
           | justin66 wrote:
           | > How come they don't investigate WHAT is actually causing
           | this exactly?
           | 
           | Who exactly do you believe should be studying causes of
           | species extinction but is not doing it?
        
             | 09bjb wrote:
             | Us!
        
           | lawrencevillain wrote:
           | From the article it sounds like invasive species, plus the
           | fact that we have royally screwed up the local ecosystem.
           | 
           | For instance -- white-tailed deer are growing exponentially,
           | eating all the underbrush and outcompeting other animals, and
           | they have no/few natural predators left.
           | 
           | I agree that not much has changed since the 80s, I think it's
           | just catching up to us now.
        
             | techrat wrote:
             | Ripple effects.
             | 
             | Humans have ruined a lot of ecosystems that had a natural
             | balance. Wolf culling being one of the most obvious
             | examples of our cause and effect.
             | 
             | https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-
             | do/wildlife/wolf-r...
        
             | jakemauer wrote:
             | White-tailed deer have only recently recovered from over-
             | hunting and returned to their pre-colonization population
             | levels.[1] Do you have a source that frames their growth as
             | exponential?
             | 
             | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-
             | tailed_deer#Population_a...
        
               | rubylark wrote:
               | Deer population growth during that recovery period (of
               | white tail deer at least) seems pretty exponential. [1]
               | However in the absence of natural predators it seems that
               | disease and human culling have pretty effectively kept
               | their population to stay at about pre-colonial levels
               | rather than continuing upward to the point of over
               | population.
               | 
               | [1] http://www.deerfriendly.com/decline-of-deer-
               | populations
        
               | lawrencevillain wrote:
               | Apologies, I'm based in Pennsylvania and it's definitely
               | more noticeable here. I expect it will become more
               | apparent elsewhere too.
               | 
               | We're at 3x the total population that existed when
               | europeans started settling here, and without an
               | appropriate way to cull the herd I don't see that
               | changing. We have milder winters (so no starvation), less
               | interest in hunting, and again a lack of natural
               | predators.
               | 
               | https://extension.psu.edu/white-tailed-deer
        
             | cultofmetatron wrote:
             | plus the parasites that they spread are decimating moose
             | populations yearly
        
             | titzer wrote:
             | > white-tailed deer are growing exponentially
             | 
             | Yes, and worse, some (uninformed people) see the growth of
             | _any_ species as a positive sign that nature is bouncing
             | back, or whatever. When in reality, ecosystems are hugely
             | out of balance and the vast growth of one species is just a
             | spasm as the system shakes itself apart. The knock-on
             | effect of one species 's sudden growth spurt may take
             | decades to play out in the shadows, but it is almost
             | assuredly _not_ a good thing.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | > What if it's some pesticide? or some food packaging or
           | something
           | 
           | What if it was? I don't expect things to change much with
           | corporate's death grip on the government.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | > I don't expect things to change much with corporate's
             | death grip on the government.
             | 
             | Statements like this always imply that if the government
             | ran the businesses (socialism) things like this wouldn't
             | happen. But the evidence is it is _worse_. The USSR had
             | major problems with their heavily polluting industries,
             | which persist today.
        
               | dmkolobov wrote:
               | Comments like that suggest no such thing.
               | 
               | There is plenty of middle ground, including restrictions
               | on corporate election donations, and generally limiting
               | corporate lobbyists access to our legislators.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Again, you're saying government control won't have these
               | problems.
               | 
               | Socialist governments produced tremendous environmental
               | problems because even though the government consisted
               | solely of altruistic, self-sacrificing, dedicated,
               | incorruptible administrators, the people still needed
               | food, clothing, and washing machines. And the government
               | would try to provide them, rather than face mass
               | starvation.
        
               | dmkolobov wrote:
               | And speaking from a Russian perspective, your assertion
               | that anyone in the USSR viewed their officials as self-
               | sacrificing and altruistic is quite frankly hilarious.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I have friends who grew up in the Soviet bloc. I once
               | witnessed a hilarious conversation between one of them
               | and another friend who was a committed socialist (I don't
               | de-friend people because of their politics). My socialist
               | friend would say "X under socialism would be better". The
               | other would say "I lived under socialism, and here's how
               | and why X was worse." Socialist would say "but that won't
               | happen under socialism". The other would say "you have
               | zero experience with this, I lived under it. You have no
               | idea what you are talking about."
               | 
               | The back and forth like this would go on for a while.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Clearly, there's nothing to be done.
               | 
               | Thoughts and prayers, ivory-billed woodpecker, thoughts
               | and prayers.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | I don't understand why this is portrayed as some sort of
               | false dichotomy.
               | 
               | There can be government regulation without reverting to
               | socialism. There can also be systems of checks and
               | balances to both the ills of unfettered free-market
               | economics and government power structures.
        
               | dmkolobov wrote:
               | No, I am not.
               | 
               | I am saying corporate interests are not aligned with
               | those of the people at large, they are aligned
               | exclusively with those of their shareholders. I do not
               | want my country's laws to reflect a small group's desires
               | to make money.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | This completely overlooks the desires of the people that
               | want the products the company provides at a reasonable
               | price. This is not going away, regardless of how you
               | structure things. People like to eat food and use washing
               | machines.
               | 
               | The notion that profit is the root of the problem is
               | implying that removing the profit will resolve it.
               | History shows that this never works.
               | 
               | Socialism produces more environmental degradation,
               | because it cannot produce things as efficiently as free
               | market businesses can. So, to make up the gap, they pay
               | little attention to the environment.
        
               | dmkolobov wrote:
               | I don't know why you keep bringing up socialism. My point
               | is that corporate lobbying and donations should be
               | restricted, not that free market businesses shouldn't
               | exist.
               | 
               | There is a broad, non-linear spectrum between socialism
               | and unrestricted corporate influence on government.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Because Walter doesn't see any difference between
               | Stalin's Soviet Union and election regulations.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | You're never going to get money out of politics. Even in
               | the Soviet Union. Do you really think the Soviet Union
               | did not have endemic corruption in government?
               | 
               | Here in Seattle, the Council created "democracy vouchers"
               | paid by the taxpayer to give to the candidate of their
               | choice. What it really is is the incumbents using
               | taxpayer money to fund their campaigns. If you're not an
               | incumbent, good luck getting any of those vouchers.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | >Do you really think the Soviet Union did not have
               | endemic corruption in government?
               | 
               | Literally no one thinks that or implied it in this
               | conversation. What a non sequitur. I don't think you're
               | even properly reading the comments you reply to.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > unrestricted corporate influence on government
               | 
               | Your notion that absent corporate lobbying, government
               | control would work out in the best interests of everybody
               | is utterly without foundation.
               | 
               | Your complaint about the profit motive being the root of
               | evil also implies that without profit, things would be
               | better. Without profit has been repeatedly tried. It
               | _never_ produces better results.
               | 
               | My father grew up a socialist. Then he joined the
               | military, and spent years living on military bases. There
               | is zero profit motive on a military base. But there was
               | no end of ridiculous problems, enormous waste, glacial
               | bureaucracy, etc. This thoroughly disabused him of his
               | socialist notions.
               | 
               | For one small example, on a new base, furniture for the
               | base housing had to be supplied. The base commander
               | delegated the selection of furniture to his wife (men
               | rarely care about these things). She picked all the
               | furniture, confident in how great her taste was and what
               | a big favor she was doing to the ignorant masses on base.
               | 
               | The servicemens' wives all hated that furniture. My dad
               | would always have a huge laugh at how much they loathed
               | it.
               | 
               | P.S. When my parents got married, my mom hated all of his
               | furniture. He had to buy all new stuff to her
               | specifications.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | Please try responding to what people are actually saying
               | rather than inventing endless strawman arguments.
               | 
               | There are important functional distinctions between a
               | government run enterprise, a government regulated
               | enterprise and a completely unregulated enterprise.
               | 
               | There are different types of inefficiencies in
               | heirarchical systems and market systems. Markets tend to
               | duplicate effort often in unnecessary zero-sum games.
               | Heirarchical systems have trouble routing around
               | incompetence and corruption.
               | 
               | If you pay attention you'll notice that the systems that
               | work best are hybrids that layer market and heirarchical
               | systems.
               | 
               | While the army seems like a purely heirarchical system,
               | it is really a hybrid system since interfaces heavily
               | with the market systems which we call the military-
               | industrial complex.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > While the army seems like a purely heirarchical system,
               | it is really a hybrid system since interfaces heavily
               | with the market systems which we call the military-
               | industrial complex.
               | 
               | That has nothing to do with how things are run on a
               | military base.
               | 
               | Besides, if you've got any evidence that the military
               | worked better in a non-market system, like the USSR,
               | please present.
               | 
               | > Markets tend to duplicate effort often in unnecessary
               | zero-sum games.
               | 
               | Another word for that is "competition". Competition makes
               | them efficient. Eliminating competition leads to gross
               | inefficiency and incompetence, making things far worse
               | than the duplication ever did.
        
               | shkkmo wrote:
               | > Eliminating competition leads to gross inefficiency and
               | incompetence.
               | 
               | It can, especially if poorly managed. However, there is a
               | reason why most companies are heirarchical systems.
               | 
               | If markets were truely the "one true way to do things"
               | you would see markets all the way down. That simply is
               | not the case. In fact, instead we see that "vertical
               | integration" can be extremely successful and can multiple
               | companies linked purely by markets.
               | 
               | Similarly, you don't see very many successful truely free
               | markets. It turns out that you need the rule of law and a
               | regulating authority to minimize unproductive competition
               | that would otherwise swamp the benefits of the productive
               | competitive.
               | 
               | We don't want companies competing for sales by blowing up
               | each other's stores. We want companies to compete for
               | sales by making better products.
               | 
               | Deciding when and how to mix markets with heirarchical
               | and other systems is extremely complicated and hard. But
               | it is simple minded to pretend that pure markets are
               | always the best solution when reality so clearly shows
               | the benefits of hybrid systems.
        
               | wittycardio wrote:
               | I love reading the ramblings of the developmentally
               | challenged at the end of a workday
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _There is zero profit motive on a military base._
               | 
               | And yet, the military is one of last institutions that
               | the American public still has faith in. It's almost as if
               | people realize there can be many motives, beyond profit,
               | that drive people to act in a certain way.
               | 
               | I'm fairly blown away on a regular basis by how otherwise
               | smart people revert to utterly simplistic models of the
               | world.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | The "Ranting about Socialism" session is down the hall.
               | This one is about extinction.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | Bro, the government forbidding companies from using a
               | certain pesticide because it's driving the ivory-billed
               | woodpecker extinct isn't "socialism", man. Or if it is,
               | then the very premise of governance is socialist. You're
               | so desperate to attack your personal bugbear that you're
               | thrusting it into a totally unrelated conversation by
               | quite extravagantly strawmanning someone.
        
           | bparsons wrote:
           | It is usually just plain old development destroying their
           | habitats. Suburbs, highways, logging etc. destroy their home
           | and the species dies out.
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | Far more extinction is caused (so far) by land development,
           | logging, and things like that.
           | 
           | Though probably in the next couple of decades we'll be seeing
           | waves of extinctions caused by global warming.
        
           | Taylor_OD wrote:
           | It's absolutely changed that much in since the 80s. For
           | humans? Not that much. For tiny animals and bugs? Small
           | change is massive change.
        
         | laurent92 wrote:
         | I'm appalled by the housing codes (PLU in French). They do
         | require to estimate and compensate the fauna and flora, by
         | providing other shelters in another forrest for example, or
         | manually moving individuals (butterflies, birds).
         | 
         | But it will never be the same! Maybe that land was in the
         | middle of a communication axis, maybe it had the right fungus.
         | If you move all the species around, it's like when you move all
         | the humans around: They become unrooted, and, ultimately,
         | stress on their lives shows up as obesity or as socially
         | disordered!
         | 
         | We need to stop colonizing more land. We need to limit
         | population in a country.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | It's less about structures than it is other modifications to
           | natural habitats like pollution, cutting forests, draining
           | swamps, introducing invasive species, and growing crops.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | With the current development in climate change and resource
         | exploitation, one can expect this to be the tip of the iceberg.
        
       | Taylor_OD wrote:
       | There are far less bugs than there were 50+ years ago. Without
       | bugs birds and other small animals have to struggle more to eat.
       | Work that all the way up the food chain. Its very sad and it will
       | only get worse.
        
       | mdni007 wrote:
       | I have a flat pigtoe in my aquarium. What should I do?
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Do you genuinely have one?
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | How did you acquire it? Have you had it for a long time and are
         | you certain it is really a flat pigtoe? Don't let any doubt
         | stop you from reaching out, though. It would be a shame
         | otherwise.
        
         | fogihujy wrote:
         | Call the authorities
        
         | arcticfox wrote:
         | Is that a theoretical question or a real one? Because if it's a
         | real question, that would be really spectacular
        
         | eightysixfour wrote:
         | Here's the contact page, select your state and call your local
         | office: https://www.fws.gov/offices/
        
       | bluedevil2k wrote:
       | In theory, species should be going extinct all the time as the
       | climate changes, from ecological changes, invasive species, new
       | species forming, etc. The real question, is the rate of species
       | going extinct increasing? (I believe the answer to that is yes).
       | But the mere headline "species goes extinct" should make us react
       | "yeah, that's how evolution works".
        
         | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
         | We are currently experiencing sixth Mass Extinction event. It
         | started at least 20k years ago, and is generally linked to the
         | end of glaciacion of the northern hemisphere and human
         | activity.
         | 
         | It is not exactly known if this rate is fast or slow, because
         | from our perspective we can't really estimate the length of
         | previous mass extinction events. After all, the closest one was
         | 66M years ago, and with fossil evidence gradual decrease of
         | biodiversity over the course of 1M years wouldn't look much
         | different if said decrease would take just 1 year.
        
       | zacharycohn wrote:
       | If you ever want to bawl your eyes out, listen to the second half
       | of Episode 20 of the podcast The Anthropocene Reviewed: "QWERTY
       | Keyboard and the Kaua`i `o`o Bird."
       | 
       | Absolutely destroyed me, and I tear up everytime I just _think_
       | about this episode.
        
       | purple_ferret wrote:
       | It's interesting something so similar looking to the Pileated
       | Woodpecker went extinct so easily.
       | 
       | Annihilated by preference
        
       | genghisjahn wrote:
       | Also of note, we're still discovering MANY new species:
       | https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22202733/2020-new-spe...
       | 
       | I'm not in any way saying that we should not be concerned about
       | species going extinct. I remember Dr. Malcolm's line about
       | extinction from Jurassic Park.
        
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