[HN Gopher] Borges: The Library of Babel [pdf]
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Borges: The Library of Babel [pdf]
        
       Author : ColinWright
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2021-10-04 09:17 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sites.evergreen.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sites.evergreen.edu)
        
       | benrockwood wrote:
       | Borges is the best author most people have never heard of. His
       | stories are mind bending and he's an amazing human being. You can
       | listen to him giving lectures on verse here, his voice is
       | hypnotic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSLV7t9DvN8
        
       | narcraft wrote:
       | Can someone please help me? I'm trying to recall a post on HN
       | within the past year that ended up introducing me to The Library
       | of Babel. It was like a textual/visual blog post/article either
       | in the same vein as The Library or direct text from it...or maybe
       | the images were originally meant to illustrate it. It was weird.
       | That's all I can remember.
        
         | ColinWright wrote:
         | Have you tried a search?
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...
         | 
         | Does that show up what you're looking for?
        
           | narcraft wrote:
           | Thank you, but no luck. I don't think the post had any
           | explicit references. Could've sworn someone must've mentioned
           | it in the comments because how else would I end up on the
           | Library of Babel wikipedia page?
        
       | dpflan wrote:
       | Many great stories to chose from: I found the _Lottery of
       | Babylon_ to be a great story on randomness in life:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lottery_in_Babylon
        
         | GabrieleR wrote:
         | such an odissey! huge fan here
        
         | willsoon wrote:
         | Like many other Borges' stories they reach a point where it is
         | no other thing but a different way to tell about the world. The
         | Lottery finds that deliver money it's not enough, it will
         | deliver joy, pain, enlightenment, suffering, tragedy and
         | hapiness too. So one bought a ticket not just to gain some
         | gold, but to play.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | The Lottery in Babylon is the same essential idea as the
           | Library of Babel. The Lottery becomes so sophisticated, it
           | becomes indistinguishable from the "random" events of
           | reality, and therefore is there really any lottery at all?
        
             | KingFelix wrote:
             | He spoke on these topics a lot, similar to how Philip K
             | Dick asks whats real anyway, using memories etc.
             | 
             | Borges has another story about a map that becomes
             | indistinguishable to reality.
             | 
             | On Exactitude in Science (I believe its this one)
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | The map that exactly covers the territory it is mapping.
               | I love what that little snippet of story does to my
               | understanding of the 'world in general' (my personal
               | mental map).
               | 
               |  _... In that empire, the art of Cartography reached such
               | perfection that the map of a single province occupied the
               | whole of a city, and the map of th empire took up an
               | entire province. With time, those exaggerated maps no
               | longer satisfied, and the Colleges of Cartographers came
               | up with a map of the empire that had the size of the
               | empire itself, and coincided with it point by point. Less
               | addicted to the study of Cartography, succeeding
               | generations understood that this extended map was
               | useless, and without compassion, they abandoned it to the
               | inclemencies of the sun and of the winters. In the
               | deserts of the west, there remain tattered fragments of
               | the map, inhabited by animals and beggars; in the whole
               | country there are no other relics of the geographical
               | disciplines._
               | 
               | The universe could well be a simulation ... of its exact
               | self.
        
       | libraryofbabel wrote:
       | William Goldbloom Bloch, _The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges
       | ' Library of Babel_ is a pretty good companion volume by a math
       | professor, delving into some fun combinations and topology
       | topics.
        
         | grozmovoi wrote:
         | ah that looks great! Does it go into a possible implementation
         | of it? I have been toying with the idea of making one but I
         | lack the training and I'd love some guidance.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | I liked the story enough I commissioned a custom bookplate for
       | myself based on it, by Daniel Mitsui:
       | 
       | http://www.danielmitsui.com/00_pictures/majid.jpg
       | 
       | (It's the scene where biblioclasts throw books and even people
       | down the staircases).
        
       | throwaway889900 wrote:
       | And if you liked this one, there's also the Book of Sand. Similar
       | theme of infinite, generally useless, and unattainable knowledge.
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | It's been said that the maze-like library in "The Name of the
       | Rose" by Umberto Eco was inspired by the Library of Babel.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose#:~:text=T....
        
         | lapetitejort wrote:
         | The character Jorge of Burgos is also named after Borges.
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | What's this syntax from? Is there a browser that implements it
         | as a content-relative anchor? It looks convenient.
         | #:~:text=
        
           | hangtwenty wrote:
           | In a Chrome browser on desktop, you can right click and "Copy
           | Link to Highlighted Text". That's the context (hah, pun)
           | where I know it from. It's really useful!
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | It's call "Text Fragments", and it was introduced to Chrome
           | more than one year ago. https://github.com/WICG/scroll-to-
           | text-fragment
           | 
           | I think it works in Chrome and Edge, but not in Firefox.
        
             | perihelions wrote:
             | Thanks!
             | 
             | Indeed, it seems to be just those for now:
             | 
             | https://caniuse.com/url-scroll-to-text-fragment
        
       | sergius wrote:
       | My favorite is "The Immortal":
       | 
       | https://matiane.wordpress.com/2019/10/11/immortal-by-jorge-l...
        
         | macando wrote:
         | _I emerged into a kind of small plaza -- a courtyard might
         | better describe it. It was surrounded by a single building, of
         | irregular angles and varying heights. It was to this
         | heterogeneous building that the many cupolas and columns
         | belonged. More than any other feature of that incredible
         | monument, I was arrested by the great antiquity of its
         | construction. I felt that it had existed before humankind,
         | before the world itself. Its patent antiquity (though somehow
         | terrible to the eyes) seemed to accord with the labor of
         | immortal artificers._
         | 
         | Great story. Aleph is amazing as well.
        
           | fmlp wrote:
           | Emergi a una suerte de plazoleta; mejor dicho, de patio. Lo
           | rodeaba un solo edificio de forma irregular y altura
           | variable; a ese edificio heterogeneo pertenecian las diversas
           | cupulas y columnas. Antes que ningun otro rasgo de ese
           | monumento increible, me suspendio lo antiquisimo de su
           | fabrica. Senti que era anterior a los hombres, anterior a la
           | tierra. Esa notoria antiguedad (aunque terrible de algun modo
           | para los ojos) me parecio adecuada al trabajo de obreros
           | inmortales.
           | 
           | Unfortunatelly, that translation failed to capture at least
           | two keywords in the original: "patio" (courtyard) and
           | "obreros" (artificers). Both terms have many overtones in the
           | borgean vocabulary, both have heavy loaded connotations in
           | his literature and in the Buenos Aires language.
           | 
           | "Humankind" for "hombres" is strange as well: I don't think
           | "humanidad" was a borgean term; I do not know if there's a
           | better way to translate "los hombres" though.
        
             | CyanBird wrote:
             | "Before people" for English carries the same weight, but
             | yeah humankind is too formal of a term
             | 
             | I do disagree about the artificers bit, I feel that even
             | when it is not a transliteration, it does carry the feel of
             | manual manufacture
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | GabrieleR wrote:
           | I have tattooed the alefh itself - not the mitical point, but
           | the Hebrew letter - becouse of that. Borges brought me to
           | life throughout my adolescence. Much appreciation from Italy
           | too, the argentino-ispancio translations to Italian suits
           | Borges' writings sinuously.
        
             | macando wrote:
             | I learned about Borges and Aleph from a comic. If you're
             | Italian, you'll know.
             | 
             | https://i.gr-
             | assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads....
        
       | viebel wrote:
       | I really like this story. The idea that everything is written
       | inside one of the books of this library is mind blowing!
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | More perplexing to me is the notion that such a library
         | contains no information, owing to this description:
         | 
         | > each book is unique and irreplaceable, but (since the Library
         | is total) there are always several hundred thousand imperfect
         | facsimiles - books that differ by no more than a single letter,
         | or comma
         | 
         | If one were to try and distinguish one book of Shakespeare from
         | another, they would need the full text they are looking for in
         | order to be sure they have an accurate copy. essentially your
         | key length is equal to the content length, and if you have the
         | key already, the library contains nothing further.
         | 
         | I consider this as presaging the info-spam of an infinite, bot-
         | infested internet: as more near misses of actual content is
         | produced, the internet can contain measurably less information.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | To paraphrase The Incredibles: when every book is there, no
           | book is there.
        
           | vokep wrote:
           | This got me to some interesting thinking. If the library
           | contains no information because you need the information you
           | look for, what about the ability of it to at least match to
           | information you look for? Or put another way, the library
           | does begin to have information if you have the information
           | you're looking for. The fact of finding the particular
           | information is different than the library not containing it.
           | 
           | I can't seem to figure out how to type this out in a way that
           | maks sense but basically I'm thinking when an AI like GPT-3
           | is working its sort of sorting through the library of babel
           | and finding words. Or when speaking its as though the library
           | of babel is at immediate call in the brain, which sorts
           | through near instantly finding the book that satisfies the
           | next word. The website that allows browsing the library helps
           | show what I mean, you can look on it and click random and
           | search for information in it. The thing itself contains "no
           | information" but it also does as in this case you may find
           | something (first page I saw had the word 'beef')
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | It does take a talented writer to talk about infinity!
             | 
             | I think maybe there are paths through the library that
             | would prove useful for browsing, as is the case when I
             | visit a normal library: I don't always know what I'm
             | looking for ahead of time, I let the arrangement of books
             | inspire me, see what books are next to the one's I already
             | know.
             | 
             | I think it's kind of like a compression algorithm, you have
             | the compressed data, and then you have the decoder. Any
             | complexity the original data had is either in the data, or
             | in the decoder. The library of babel is a pathological
             | case: the compressed data is 0 bytes: whatever choices you
             | make in finding the data is actually information outside of
             | the system, as in: you might as well be making it up on the
             | spot.
             | 
             | However, if the books in the library are ordered somehow,
             | that is complexity being added back into the compressed
             | data, and it no longer contains "no information"
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | The problem is that it does contain everything, and
             | therefore contains nothing (worth knowing that you don't
             | already know).
             | 
             | In other words, you could never find an answer that you
             | could say, with 100% certainty is accurate, unless you
             | already knew the answer. You can't ask an unending database
             | a question that you don't already know the answer to,
             | because every answer is there.
             | 
             | Ask it, what is the primary atomic structure of beef?
             | You'll get answers for anything. They're made of carbon.
             | They're made of rainstorms. They're not real. You're beef.
             | 
             | So by saying it doesn't contain information, what they're
             | really meaning is that it doesn't contain useful
             | information. You can't do anything with it that doesn't
             | amount to a wild guess.
        
           | ballenf wrote:
           | Riemann's hypothesis, if true, is proven in an infinite
           | number of ways in the library.
           | 
           | But the library also contains an infinite number of flawed
           | attempted proofs.
        
             | fmlp wrote:
             | And JLB would add: and an infinite number of refutations of
             | each of that proofs.
        
               | ColinWright wrote:
               | And infinitely many incorrect refutations of each of the
               | correct proofs.
        
         | macando wrote:
         | _In Borges ' story, the Aleph is a point in space that contains
         | all other points. Anyone who gazes into it can see everything
         | in the universe from every angle simultaneously, without
         | distortion, overlapping, or confusion. The story traces the
         | theme of infinity found in several of Borges' other works, such
         | as "The Book of Sand"._
         | 
         | Maze is another favorite theme of his.
         | 
         |  _Borges fractalizes the labyrinth, infinitely multiplies the
         | interconnections between spaces -- but makes all these spaces
         | identical, cloned pieces of an infinite non-linear repetition,
         | extending vertiginously into eternity, out in space and deep
         | into the future, forever onwards._
        
       | chaoticmass wrote:
       | There is a fun story based off this idea, A Short Stay in Hell by
       | Steven Peck [0]. In the story the character dies and wakes up in
       | a kind of hell that is basically a version of the library of
       | Babel. There are other people there. You're allowed to leave if
       | you can find the book that has your life story in it.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.amazon.com/Short-Stay-Hell-Steven-
       | Peck/dp/098374...
        
         | jimothyhalpert7 wrote:
         | You could also just find a book that tells you another way of
         | getting out, no?
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | How would you tell the difference between that book and a
           | similar book with a plausible but flawed escape plan?
           | 
           | To paraphrase The Incredibles: when every book is there, no
           | book is there.
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | How would you tell the difference between a book that has
             | your life story in it and a similar book with inaccuracies
             | in all the details you don't remember?
        
               | rinnan wrote:
               | This naturally evolved on my mind to, "Whose (or what)
               | life are you thinking of when you think of your own?"
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | I suspect this is obvious to the HN audience, but this work is
       | nice little exposition on some concepts of Information Theory. I
       | wonder if Claude Shannon had any thoughts on it.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory
       | 
       | https://utopiaordystopia.com/tag/claude-shannon-a-mathematic...
        
       | staplung wrote:
       | It's fun to think about all the things that are in the library.
       | E.g. your exact genome, or the genome of a T. Rex. A hi-def
       | version of every movie ever made, encoded in a suitable format
       | that respects the limitations of the allowed "alphabet" (most of
       | those would look like noise to a reader). A hi-def version of
       | every movie that _could_ be made. All music. This post. The
       | entire internet. A description of every event that has ever
       | occurred. The meaning of life, the universe and everything.
       | 
       | If gets even more fun when you try to think about transcriptions
       | of infinitely long things, like the digits of pi. They wouldn't
       | find in one volume of course but so what? The number of possible
       | volumes in the library is finite but the digits of pi are not.
        
       | optimalsolver wrote:
       | This is the best audio presentation of The LIbrary Of Babel that
       | I've ever found:
       | 
       | https://www.mboxdrive.com/Library_Of_Babel.mp3
       | 
       | (Originally from the "Let's Read!" YouTube channel, but since
       | deleted: https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsReadOfficial)
        
         | GabrieleR wrote:
         | most French version that can be found sounds quite bad
        
       | tasty_freeze wrote:
       | 35+ years ago when AT&T had lost the monopoly on phones and the
       | market was flooded with various phones and each was trying to
       | distinguish themselves, a common bragging point was how many
       | quick dial numbers it could hold.
       | 
       | I used to joke that I was going to introduce a phone that could
       | remember 10M 7-digit numbers: just enter the 7-digit index of the
       | phone number you want to recall.
        
       | 101008 wrote:
       | As a HN reader from Argentina, I thank ColinWright to share this
       | with the community. Here in Argentina we are very proud of Borges
       | and his works - and it is always nice to see people from around
       | the world discovering or revisiting him.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | > As a HN reader from Argentina, I thank ColinWright to share
         | this with the community. Here in Argentina we are very proud of
         | Borges and his works - and it is always nice to see people from
         | around the world discovering or revisiting him.
         | 
         | Borges and Cortazar taught me anew what literature could be
         | when I thought it was all the same. They are amazing authors
         | and reading them is transformative.
        
         | pdabbadabba wrote:
         | Perhaps you already know this, but I can tell you that Borges
         | is certainly very widely read and admired in the United States.
         | I'd be proud if he were from my country.
        
         | briga wrote:
         | Are there any other Argentinian writers you know that perhaps
         | deserve more recognition in the anglosphere? I've read Borges
         | and Cortazar--both floored me and left a lasting impression,
         | they make me curious to learn about some of the other great
         | authors from your country
        
           | fmajid wrote:
           | Adolfo Bioy Casares, who co-wrote books with Borges. And
           | Borges himself was a fan of Evaristo Carriego.
        
       | jedimastert wrote:
       | I've always enjoyed the idea of the library of babel. Shameless
       | self-promotion: https://aarontag.dev/2020/12/06/youtube-library-
       | babel-sectio...
        
       | p_j_w wrote:
       | One of my favorite podcasts, Very Bad Wizards, had an episode
       | where they discussed this story. Highly recommend.
       | 
       | https://www.verybadwizards.com/144
        
       | lapetitejort wrote:
       | Any Fermi Problem-like answers to how large the library would be,
       | based on how the number of permutations of the books and the size
       | of each room? Is it an easy guess to say larger than the size of
       | the universe?
        
         | lapetitejort wrote:
         | According to the story, each book has:
         | 
         | * 410 pages
         | 
         | * 40 lines per page
         | 
         | * 80 characters per line
         | 
         | * Not included: The characters on the front cover, maybe 15 on
         | average?
         | 
         | There are 25 symbols.
         | 
         | So there are 25^(410*40*80) possible books, which comes out to
         | ~10^1834097 books. Sufficed to say, the library could hold
         | numerous universes.
        
           | Izikiel43 wrote:
           | That's most likely an upper limit, as random character
           | strings are not necessarily language.
        
             | GabrieleR wrote:
             | I'd say every set of whatever is a language. not the
             | opposite tho
        
             | libraryofbabel wrote:
             | If you read the story you will see that most books present
             | the appearance of random strings of characters.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | If the sets of integers and reals is anything to go by,
               | an infinitesimal portion of the books would include
               | something that's actually legible, but perhaps the books
               | could be sorted so those containing the most sensible
               | arrangements of letters were kept nearby: don't bother
               | looking at those noisy tomes of high entropy.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | But perhaps the noise is just a language you haven't
               | recognized? Perhaps the noise contains True information
               | when decoded using a scheme described in one of the other
               | books?
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | O very true... you might start trying out one book as an
               | XOR key to another. Of course, the result of decryption
               | will already be sitting on the next shelf over :-)
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | Infinitesimal is a bit off, here. It's a very, very small
               | but definitely finite proportion of books that'd be
               | legible by humans in a human language.
               | 
               | You don't even need the full set of integers to catalogue
               | the library, let alone the reals.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | What I was trying to say was, since there are an infinite
               | number of real numbers between each pair of integers,
               | there would be a similarly infinite number of garbage
               | text between each pair of legible texts.
               | 
               | Even though there are an infinite number of integers,
               | there are an even more infinite number of reals,
               | rendering the proportion of (integers)/(reals) to be near
               | 0.
        
             | mcguire wrote:
             | On the contrary, a random character string is meaningful in
             | _some_ conceivable language.
        
               | scarmig wrote:
               | All you need is a reference to the book that describes
               | the grammar of that language.
        
           | scarmig wrote:
           | For point of comparison, the maximal amount of information we
           | could fit into a sphere the size of the observable universe
           | is ~10^124 bits.
           | 
           | Someone should offer a public Library of Babel API that
           | streams these books so folks don't need to store them
           | individually.
        
       | bsanr2 wrote:
       | Video (game) essayist Jacob Geller did a few videos which
       | mentioned this work.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/MjY8Fp-SCVk https://youtu.be/Zm5Ogh_c0Ig
       | 
       | They're quite interesting, I think. The abyss really gets him
       | going.
       | 
       | And a few more I really like: https://youtu.be/oca8BnDMin4
       | https://youtu.be/mexs39y0Imw https://youtu.be/aBBuoD9eL5k
       | https://youtu.be/Zkv6rVcKKg8
        
       | rezmason wrote:
       | Someone has done a beautiful audioviz treatment of this story.
       | 
       | https://vimeo.com/508141139
       | 
       | https://jamesvde.com/babel
        
       | prvc wrote:
       | I like Borges, but this is one of his weakest stories. The
       | mathematical point made is on the trivial side (and most readers
       | who praise it interpret it as merely making a mathematical
       | point). It is a bit stronger if read as an implicit critique of
       | logocentrism or religious textualism, but still falls short of
       | the best few of his other fictional works.
        
         | narcraft wrote:
         | What are some of his best works?
        
         | lalaland1125 wrote:
         | This story isn't really about mathematics. It's about the human
         | response. It's about how we humans are pattern seeking
         | creatures in a world of chaos that create patterns through our
         | own process of seeking.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | te_taniwha wrote:
       | Borges loved to explore the idea of infinity. Another story of
       | his, The Garden of Forking Paths, explores the idea of a
       | multiverse.
       | 
       | One other interesting tidbit that always intrigued me about
       | Borges is that he became completely blind while he was the
       | director of the Argentine National Library. In a strange irony,
       | it became his own "Library of Babel", in the sense that he had so
       | much knowledge within reach, but limited capacity to interpret
       | it.
        
       | kongin wrote:
       | I rather enjoyed the short essay:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/19970614230544/jubal.westnet.com...
       | 
       | In my Lovecraftian phase I imagined an infinite winding black
       | pagoda with brail inscriptions on its walls. If you're very lucky
       | you would wander up or down until you died of thirst reading
       | nothing but nonsense. If you weren't you'd find the necronomicon
       | or worse. Unlike the library the text would not be finite and
       | there would be no limit to the eldritch horrors you could find
       | within.
        
         | zuminator wrote:
         | Nice find. That was written by Willard van Orman Quine, the
         | noted logician/philosopher whose surname was adopted to refer
         | to computer programs that are designed to output their own
         | source code.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | I think there's real possibility for a good creeping horror
         | story in that premise.
        
       | gyre007 wrote:
       | This my most favourite story by miles
        
       | pilaf wrote:
       | Someone implemented the Library of Babel into a website, it even
       | has a search feature to find a page with any (valid) content you
       | can give it:
       | 
       | https://libraryofbabel.info/
        
         | kongin wrote:
         | Google chrome helpfully asked me if I want to translate Polish
         | to English.
        
           | grozmovoi wrote:
           | as a pole, I confirm this is polish.
        
         | jkeat wrote:
         | https://libraryofbabel.info/bookmark.cgi?azlsfcsuzjcobmbsdow...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-06 23:01 UTC)