[HN Gopher] Will Cloudflare R2 Win Customers from Amazon S3?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Will Cloudflare R2 Win Customers from Amazon S3?
        
       Author : cloudfalcon
       Score  : 271 points
       Date   : 2021-10-06 16:08 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.taloflow.ai)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.taloflow.ai)
        
       | ATsch wrote:
       | I think it's kind of sad that, with all of the services offering
       | an object store, nobody has created a better API standard than
       | cloning the weird and clunky S3 API.
        
         | idealmedtech wrote:
         | The problem is not that nobody wants to create or use such an
         | API, the problem is that so much infrastructure and tooling is
         | built up around the S3 API that to forgo it would be to leave
         | your customers high and dry when it comes to integrating.
         | 
         | I think it was the creator of Java that said something to the
         | effect of "There are languages people hate, and languages
         | people don't use", which I think is very applicable here!
        
       | joemaller1 wrote:
       | Yes. The instant I get access.
       | 
       | This plus CloudFlare Workers might replace quite a few AWS
       | S3/Lambda projects.
        
       | polote wrote:
       | R2 only seems to offer better price than S3. If people using S3
       | were caring so much about the cost they wouldn't use S3 in the
       | first place. So my bet is that it won't change anything for S3
       | 
       | I also bet it will not change anything for B2. They will still be
       | cheaper than R2
       | 
       | It always funny to see people on HN thinking that price for
       | enterprise companies is a critical factor. It is for some, but
       | for most of them (especially the ones using AWS) it is not
        
         | kondro wrote:
         | All the alternatives for 11 9's durability object stores have
         | similar prices to S3. There aren't any alternatives.
         | 
         | Wasabi gets close, but their 1:1 storage to egress ratio makes
         | it great for backups and a small subset of use-cases, but not
         | much else.
        
       | rmason wrote:
       | What I want to see is Cloudflare enable hosting static websites
       | on R2. For me that would be an absolute game changer.
       | 
       | I know you can already host websites on Cloudflare using another
       | service but I want to see R2 get enabled.
        
         | greg-m wrote:
         | We've heard this a few times and will support it :). Also,
         | shameless plug for Cloudflare Pages to host on CF today.
        
           | rmason wrote:
           | Thanks Greg,
           | 
           | You just made my day!
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | How about the performance?
       | 
       | S3 is faster than other cloud products such as Dropbox or GCP.
       | 
       | Will R2 be as fast, durable, reliable, etc, with same features,
       | eg, all sorts of encryption key management etc?
        
       | dmw_ng wrote:
       | Where are all the Backblaze marketing folk? :) B2 has an offer at
       | present where they will eat the cost of a one-time S3 egress in
       | exchange for a 1 year storage commitment. This offer is _much_
       | more transparent, although I do still admire CloudFlare 's
       | strategy here.
        
       | jeffparsons wrote:
       | How does Cloudflare's billing work? Can I set a hard cap, or is
       | it like AWS where if I'm not careful I could end up with extreme
       | bill shock?
       | 
       | After some bad experiences and reading about other people's bad
       | experiences, I won't use AWS anymore for anything that's not yet
       | big enough to have expensive lawyers and people monitoring
       | expenses daily. So I'm very interested to know how Cloudflare
       | compares on this front.
        
       | luhn wrote:
       | This article touches on the one major unanswered question I have
       | about R2: CloudFlare's CDN ToS make it clear CF is meant to host
       | websites and APIs, not content downloads [1]. Does R2 have
       | similar ToS? It's reasonable that CF doesn't want R2 customers
       | that use 500MB of paid storage and 500TB of free bandwidth, so
       | what is acceptable use?
       | 
       | [1] The Services are offered primarily as a platform to cache and
       | serve web pages and websites. Unless explicitly included as part
       | of a Paid Service purchased by you, you agree to use the Services
       | solely for the purpose of (i) serving web pages as viewed through
       | a web browser or other functionally equivalent applications,
       | including rendering Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or other
       | functional equivalents, and (ii) serving web APIs subject to the
       | restrictions set forth in this Section 2.8. Use of the Services
       | for serving video or a disproportionate percentage of pictures,
       | audio files, or other non-HTML content is prohibited, unless
       | purchased separately as part of a Paid Service or expressly
       | allowed under our Supplemental Terms for a specific Service.
        
         | nightpool wrote:
         | Cloudflare's CEO (eastdakota) has said publicly that that
         | section doesn't apply to R2 and that they'll update their TOS
         | to clarify: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28682885
        
         | bikeshaving wrote:
         | The CEO (eastdakota) has previously said the clause does not
         | apply to services like Cloudflare workers on this very site
         | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20791605). I also think
         | the phrase "Unless explicitly included as part of a Paid
         | Service purchased by you" carries a lot of weight here.
        
       | Thaxll wrote:
       | So Cloudflare comfirms that we can use R2 to store public docker
       | images that will serve TB of content per month almost free?
        
       | bserge wrote:
       | Will bigcorp 1 win against Megacorp 2? Find out in the next
       | episode!
       | 
       | Just co-locate your stuff, please.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | > Just co-locate your stuff, please.
         | 
         | No thanks, too time consuming and too many liabilities.
        
       | ignoramous wrote:
       | I've commented elsewhere, and I'll comment here again: Cloudflare
       | R2 is really a re-packaging / re-positioning of how most
       | customers were using Cloudflare's CDN in the first place: As a
       | low-cost content delivery network. As a small tech shop, we front
       | S3 with Cloudflare (not CloudFront, because it's relatively
       | expensive) for binary downloads, and pay single digit $ to AWS
       | and $0 to Cloudflare. If we were pushing blobs through S3 +
       | accelerated buckets; or S3 + CloudFront; or S3 + transfer-
       | acceleration, our AWS bill would have been 3x / 5x.
       | 
       | Relying on Cloudflare to do tiered-caching / transfer-
       | acceleration afforded by tight integration between its CDN and R2
       | would lead us to drop S3 altogether for our workloads.
       | 
       | We've also experimented using Workers KV as a blob store (it has
       | a cap of 25MB per key; costs $5 per million writes, $0.5 per
       | million reads; $5 per 10GB of storage; _zero_ egress fee) and its
       | pricing comes out _cheaper_ than S3. We 'd have moved to KV
       | already if R2 hadn't been announced. Now, we think it is prudent
       | to bide our time till R2 goes public.
       | 
       | But: we are a rather tiny tech shop and agonize over bill items
       | like _egress_ ; most enterprises worry more about data security,
       | compliance, and integration with big-data tools (like EMR,
       | Athena, Firehose, RedShift etc). So, I am not sure if there'd be
       | an exodus off-the-bat (at least not until Cloudflare has
       | equivalent integrations / services in-place [0]). Though, I can
       | see why companies like smugmug (who have been using S3 since
       | 2006!) _may_ move.
       | 
       | The killer here is, R2 will sweep away dev shops at the low-end
       | of the market. If anyone's starting a bootstrapped SaaS company,
       | not only does Cloudflare becomes _the_ place for them to
       | prototype a MVP (as opposed to AWS /Azure/GCP) but also an
       | integration point for their offerings (consider: a Tableau
       | competitor + R2) [1]. As noted by Ben Thompson a few days ago,
       | there's little AWS can do despite knowing what's in store, other
       | than cannibalize their own business (which they're not afraid to
       | do!) [2]. We are entering uncharted waters here: Two companies
       | fully drowning in HBS credos going after each other. Wonder what
       | Clayton Christensen would have thought of that.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_contagion
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-free_network
       | 
       | [2] https://stratechery.com/2021/cloudflares-disruption/
        
         | breakingcups wrote:
         | A big difference is that it was really scary to run up against
         | their non-HTML content policy, which I presume isn't the case
         | with this new object storage.
        
       | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
       | I think AWS backed themselves into a corner with their extremely
       | high egress charges. I would wager that a pretty considerable
       | amount of their revenue is from egress, so if they have to reduce
       | egress pricing, it will take a pretty big chunk of their revenue.
       | 
       | Of course, I could be completely wrong. I would certainly welcome
       | a correction.
        
         | rednerrus wrote:
         | Half of my AWS spend every month is egress...
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | I wonder what fraction of AWS revenue is providers of
         | complementary services that are forced to host at AWS so their
         | AWS-using customers don't have to pay for egress.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jen20 wrote:
       | Given the pricing, and the ability to fault in storage from S3 in
       | any case, almost certainly "yes" is the answer to the headline,
       | in stunning contradiction to Betteridge's law!
        
       | tanbyte wrote:
       | Won't be surprised if AWS counters this sooner or later in terms
       | of reducing egress fee, but the fact that S3 is core to AWS's eco
       | system and ties in well, is another blocker for migration
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | "Your margin is my opportunity." - Jeff Bezos
        
       | bethecloud wrote:
       | Very nice to see the economical comparison include decentralized
       | storage providers like Storj DCS
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | heipei wrote:
       | Slight miscalculation which should have been obvious:
       | 
       | "For example, Backblaze B2's free operations threshold is capped
       | at 2,500 a day, and if R2 simply let you make a GetObject request
       | every second of every day, that would be something like 86,400
       | FREE daily Gets, which would cost ~$335 daily on B2 or $122,000 a
       | year."
       | 
       | Backblaze B2 Class B operations are priced at $0.004 per 10k
       | operations which the author did not take into account, so the
       | calculation above is off by a factor of 10,000. The real cost for
       | 1 GET per second for a whole year on Backblaze B2 is $12.59.
        
         | cloudfalcon wrote:
         | You're right. This is a silly mistake on my part in rushing out
         | this piece. I apologize. Thanks for pointing this out -I've
         | since taken out the paragraph.
        
           | _zoltan_ wrote:
           | why rush a piece?
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | More clicks?
        
             | cloudfalcon wrote:
             | Cloudflare R2 is topical right now - that was the
             | motivation. Not saying it was the right strategy to do so
             | (clearly not given the mistake).
        
               | _hilro wrote:
               | Did you just silently edit out that part and not put some
               | text noting your previous mistake?
               | 
               | You even have a section of the article called "Hacker
               | News Comment Responses"! Then you failed to mention the
               | OP comment you're replying to:
               | 
               | That is very bad form and untrustworthy behaviour.
        
               | cloudfalcon wrote:
               | I'm following good form. No silent edits were made. There
               | has been an Author's Note in that paragraph the entire
               | time since the change acknowledging the miscalculation.
        
         | sam0x17 wrote:
         | I wonder how this compares with Wasabi. I was very bullish on
         | them a few years ago.
        
           | sparc24 wrote:
           | Wasabi is a clown show brought to you by the Carbonite guys.
           | I wouldn't trust it at all given their track record.
        
           | nightpool wrote:
           | Wasabi has the most horrendous reliability record of any
           | provider I've ever worked with. Uploads will be broken for
           | days at a time with no status posted, downloads will flake,
           | it's just not a competitive solution for consumer-facing
           | storage.
        
       | junon wrote:
       | I skipped this and read the original announcement. Cloudflare has
       | some serious skin in this game it seems - definitely earned
       | raised eyebrows.
       | 
       | The migration bit alone is going to be enough to motivate PMs and
       | devs to switch. The free egress seems insane from a business
       | perspective but if Cloudflare wants to do it them I'm all for it.
       | 
       | Very cool.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ehutch79 wrote:
       | Only if they start onboarding people.
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure R2 is what I was looking for to solve a specific
       | problem.
        
       | pqdbr wrote:
       | AWS's bandwidth pricing is already crazy expensive on US, but
       | when you look at LATAM pricing (Sao Paulo) it's simply
       | outrageous. And you're paying in USD with a devalued BRL.
       | 
       | If Cloudflare really delivers R2 with free egress and a global
       | CDN you'd have to be crazy not to switch.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | I'm glad the article pointed out Q1 as the next opportunity
        
         | brian_herman wrote:
         | What about P0?
        
           | nixarn wrote:
           | And O-1
        
         | austinpena wrote:
         | I don't think that goes far enough. So I made this
         | 
         | https://object-storage-name-generator.com
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | Reminds me of this old Dilbert cartoon:
           | https://dilbert.com/strip/1998-12-12
           | 
           | "I would have synergized harder, but I got tired of clicking
           | the button!"
        
             | austinpena wrote:
             | Haha! I need to work on my Start-Up slang if a Dilbert beat
             | me to the punch by ~23 years
        
       | maxpert wrote:
       | How is Cloudflare gonna coup up the price? These numbers are too
       | good to be true (Sorry I am naive in how egress pricing works).
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | They charge three times the cost for storage compared to B2
         | etc. Egress bandwidth in a datacenter costs around $7/TB for
         | you or me, probably far less for a company like Cloudflare
         | that's built around handling huge traffic volumes.
         | 
         | Similarly they can use slow storage for most files and use
         | their existing caching solutions for storing frequently
         | accessed files.
         | 
         | They'll probably lose some money on customers who use lots of
         | bandwidth, and make lots of money on everyone else.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > Egress bandwidth in a datacenter costs around $7/TB for you
           | or me, probably far less for a company like Cloudflare that's
           | built around handling huge traffic volumes.
           | 
           | Funny thing, paying for egress bandwidth is not something you
           | do if you handle your own peering and other internet
           | infrastructure. Paying for bandwidth is something that the
           | cloud providers came up with to add further margin. So they
           | likely pay $0/TB for that bandwidth.
        
             | mmastrac wrote:
             | CloudFlare has a good blog post on this, but effectively
             | they pay for megabit/s capability.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Which is not that different from paying by the TB, as
               | long as you are big enough that your traffic isn't too
               | spiky. If you assume that over the day/week Cloudflare's
               | your bandwidth usage moves between 0.5x and 1.5x of the
               | monthly average, then paying for 1 TB/month is basically
               | the same as paying for 4.5 megabit/s (1TB/month == 3Mb/s,
               | multiply by 1.5 for peak demand).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Bandwidth is very cheap [1], cloud providers gouge. Cloudflare
         | is using this product to disrupt other cloud providers and pull
         | business from them.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28682237
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | Yes basically. In networking everybody except for people
           | living on a CSP buy bandwith/ports not bits moved. AWS egress
           | is fabulously profitable specifically because they're ripping
           | you off vs even a very expensive colo.
        
       | cloudfalcon wrote:
       | Hi, I'm LV, I wrote this post. I co-founded Taloflow to make
       | choosing cloud vendors transparent and easy.
       | 
       | I'm curious to hear what factors HN readers think I missed and if
       | you think Cloudflare R2 will be a threat in the cloud object
       | storage market place.
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | What do you think of the above comment which indicates you
         | overcounted B2's costs by a factor of 10,000?
        
           | cloudfalcon wrote:
           | They are right. We addressed the comment and fixed the
           | article.
        
       | NicoJuicy wrote:
       | Removing egress is awesome
       | 
       | > Except you can put R2 in front of S3 and set it to "slurp"
       | mode. That way as objects are requested through the normal course
       | of use they'll be stored in R2. You can then keep S3 as a backup,
       | or delete the objects that have moved over. Being a proxy is
       | cool.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28703464
       | 
       | Note: I think it's pretty obvious that they are very pro AWS. I
       | saw a lot of positive comments and very few negative comments
       | here. Reading the blog post makes it look like it was the
       | inverse.
        
       | Thaxll wrote:
       | I don't see excatly how the r2 model will be viable, you
       | basically have a free CDN. I don't see that staying that way.
        
         | DisjointedHunt wrote:
         | You pay for storage. Only , not as much as what AWS charges.
         | 
         | Cloudflare has a business model where they can basically handle
         | any network load you throw at them.
         | 
         | They are monetizing their advantage here by allowing you to
         | make full use of their network as long as you make use of their
         | paid storage as well.
         | 
         | The margins in the cloud business and AWS especially are
         | breathtakingly large and yet, considered affordable by
         | enterprises so far because the alternative of standing up your
         | own compute and networking capacity is not just significantly
         | expensive, there just isn't enough talent available in the
         | world to go around for every enterprise to have a decently
         | staffed team doing so.
        
           | Thaxll wrote:
           | Cloudflare still has to pay for transit, so I don't see how
           | hosting a 1GB video being served multi TB per month will work
           | for them.
        
             | mcintyre1994 wrote:
             | Cloudflare have a great blog post about this:
             | https://blog.cloudflare.com/aws-egregious-egress/
             | 
             | The short answer is that at AWS/Cloudflare scale you're
             | paying a fixed cost for networking capacity, not for
             | transit per byte. So their cost doesn't scale anywhere near
             | the way AWS egress costs do, and if they want it can just
             | be free.
        
               | DisjointedHunt wrote:
               | Yup, precisely. They buy "capacity" ie the equivalent of
               | making an infrastructure investment. AWS does the same.
               | 
               | Now, AWS chooses to price their network usage as a
               | utility, ie, you pay per unit of data transmitted. This
               | is ridiculous for enterprise scale.
               | 
               | Cloudflare uses their purchased capacity as a strategic
               | differentiator by basically letting you use as much as
               | you want because they have so much purchased, you
               | wouldn't ever make a dent.
               | 
               | Any services behind this differentiator are what they can
               | charge for. Like I said above, the margins in cloud are
               | ridiculously high. This is why these companies are
               | amongst the few in the world valued over a Trillion
               | dollars. Throw in an upstart who has the strategic
               | advantage and technical competence that Cloudflare has
               | and boy, do we have a winner . The next few years will be
               | very interesting.
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Seems like a person could create an unbelieving cheap podcast
       | hosting business (Simplecast, Transistor.fm, etc) on the back of
       | R2.
       | 
       | For those unaware, the primary infrastructure cost of these
       | businesses is serving up mp3.
       | 
       | Much like what YouTube does for video.
        
         | corobo wrote:
         | I'm aiming to do exactly that with hosted.fm as it happens :)
         | 
         | Using B2 and CF workers to keep costs low currently but if R2
         | is as good as it sounds I have no reason to write any overages
         | billing code. Lovely!
        
         | klaaz0r wrote:
         | Exactly this! with https://reason.fm I am going to try and see
         | if I can migrate our services to R2, right now it's pretty
         | doable with S3 or GCloud storage at scale but we can definitely
         | get our costs down with R2!
        
       | marcc wrote:
       | IMO, the best feature Cloudflare added to R2 was the automatic
       | migration. This makes sense for a CDN to offer, but if R2 works,
       | this makes it pretty simple to migrate.
       | 
       | "After specifying an existing storage bucket, R2 will serve
       | requests for objects from the existing bucket,"
       | 
       | I've Beene evaluating R2, but this migration path makes it dead
       | simple to use. I just point my code to read/write from/to R2
       | instead of S3, and I'll get egress fees from AWS during the
       | migration, but then that's it?
        
         | milesward wrote:
         | insert doubt
        
           | nawgz wrote:
           | Why would you doubt it? Cloudfare is a legit company and a
           | migration workflow like this does not sound like a feat of
           | engineering to accomplish
        
           | SteveNuts wrote:
           | What part is OP missing?
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | Maybe the point is that just having the S3 and CDN isn't
             | enough to move customers.
             | 
             | If you're using AWS, S3 (and Cloudfront) it will just be a
             | tiny part of your infrastructure, why would you move that
             | out of AWS and lose the integration coming from having
             | everything in AWS?
        
               | tuananh wrote:
               | > Double paying for storage is still going to be cheaper
               | than egress fees overall.
               | 
               | because of this?
        
               | starfallg wrote:
               | Zero egress costs for assets is a very strong reason for
               | people to move. For public assets, it's a complete no-
               | brainer.
        
               | mrweasel wrote:
               | I kinda think people will use the S3 proxy feature of R2
               | for that, which doesn't really move customers over.
        
               | starfallg wrote:
               | Then why not store it on Cloudflare itself and save on
               | half the storage, plus less latency?
               | 
               | Makes zero sense to keep public assets on S3 in this
               | case. Only when you need ACL integration or glacier would
               | S3 make sense.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | It might be only part of your infrastructure but on many
               | projects it's a significant fraction of your total
               | expenditure _and_ storage egress is one of the things
               | limiting use of external services. Having a cheap data
               | access option makes it easy to reconsider those choices
               | when you don't have to factor egress into the cost of
               | trying an alternative.
        
               | outworlder wrote:
               | There are many applications that have no dependency on
               | AWS at all, other than S3. This is one of the reasons
               | projects like Minio exist.
               | 
               | If you don't care and just need some blob storage, this
               | could be great.
        
               | deeblering4 wrote:
               | Because it's significantly cheaper and diversifies your
               | presence across multiple providers.
               | 
               | It's a good idea to split origin and CDN, this way
               | requests can be served from cache while origin is down or
               | overloaded.
               | 
               | Plus I'd challenge the suggestions that S3 and CDN are a
               | tiny portion of the infrastructure. For a lot of sites
               | it's a significant chunk, things remaining wouldn't be
               | many, maybe compute, DNS, and CI.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | I like Cloudflare for its CDN, but considering its competitors
         | and migration effort I think that only time will tell.
        
         | gopalv wrote:
         | > I just point my code to read/write from/to R2 instead of S3
         | 
         | This is probably worse for CloudFront than for S3 itself.
         | 
         | Double paying for storage is still going to be cheaper than
         | egress fees overall.
        
           | marcc wrote:
           | Good point about double paying for storage. There's a long
           | migration problem here to clean up. Most of my buckets have
           | some frequently and some very infrequently accessed objects.
           | To address this, there needs to be some sort of an active
           | migration tool? Does R2 have this built in?
        
             | mcintyre1994 wrote:
             | I'm not sure exactly what you mean by active migration
             | tool, but my understanding is that they copy objects from
             | s3 to r2 on the first request. So if you have infrequently
             | accessed objects they won't be copied and you won't be
             | double paying storage until it's first requested.
        
             | flak48 wrote:
             | Just an idea, maybe the first fetch from S3 should be
             | allowed by R2 do delete the original object from S3 too, so
             | that eventually we're only left with two mutually exclusive
             | sets of files (and no double storage)
        
               | marcc wrote:
               | I thought about that too. It's could be a good solution
               | because the challenge otherwise is going to be listing
               | all objects in the bucket and comparing to what's in the
               | R2 bucket, right?
        
         | tommoor wrote:
         | hard same, the automatic migration is a big deal!
        
       | TrueCarry wrote:
       | We used DigitalOcean Spaces for some time, but it works very
       | slow. Every few requests we get 500-5000ms delays. So we switched
       | to Amazon S3 and it works much better. So when I first saw R2, I
       | was sure we're gonna migrate as soon as we can. Post mentions
       | that Backblaze and Wasabi offer better prices, but I couldn't
       | find any reviews at the time when we migrated to amazon. Is it
       | gonna work as DigitalOcean? How often there's downtime? Does
       | anybody use them and has opinion?
        
       | dadrian wrote:
       | Let's say you sell a data product that generates around 1TB per
       | day, which is downloaded by every customer once. On AWS/GCP,
       | that's roughly $80/day/customer in egress costs, which would make
       | the minimum pricing of the data product $30K/year to break even
       | SOLELY egress, assuming each customer only does the download
       | once.
       | 
       | It's basically not possible to offer something like this on AWS
       | or GCP, you have to run your own server somewhere with flat
       | bandwidth pricing. If I were still in the data business, I'd
       | absolutely be moving everything to R2.
        
       | bovermyer wrote:
       | I'm surprised no one has mentioned Digital Ocean Spaces. The
       | pricing is much simpler, even if it's more expensive for some
       | scenarios.
        
       | tlarkworthy wrote:
       | It's missing IAM conditional policies so it's a no for me.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | At our company we're ready to convert to R2, and this will
       | probably be the foot in the door to using other cloudflare
       | services.
        
       | sillysaurusx wrote:
       | Personally I find Backblaze B2 more compelling.
       | 
       | ... Ok, after writing that, I realized that I should probably
       | look up R2's offering first. And then my jaw hit the floor at
       | "free egress bandwidth".
       | 
       |  _Free egress bandwidth_? Yes please.
       | 
       | I will instantly convert.
       | 
       | Then I was worried about price per GB. $0.015/GB is incredibly
       | competitive.
       | 
       | Good lord, where do I get early access to this thing? I'd
       | transition all our infra today.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | Egress means files being requested, right? Is there a charge
         | for sending files to the server (ingress)? Does this mean the
         | only charge is the storage space?
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | This was one of the most surprising things, to me, before I
           | learned about any of this stuff.
           | 
           | inbound traffic (ingress) is free, almost universally.
           | 
           | outbound traffic (egress) is $insane, almost universally.
           | 
           | It's where most of the cloud providers make most of their
           | money, as far as I can tell.
           | 
           | I'm a fan of murdering egress fees, so therefore I am a fan
           | of whatever Cloudflare R2 turns out to be. As long as they
           | get rid of egress, I'll cheerlead them for life.
           | 
           | (To answer your question more directly: "yes, I think so. At
           | least in my experience.")
        
         | jacurtis wrote:
         | According to their press release it says:
         | 
         | > That's why Cloudflare plans to eliminate egress fees, deliver
         | object storage that is at least 10% cheaper than S3, and make
         | infrequent access completely free for customers
         | 
         | A few elements of concern. It says they "plan to", so we don't
         | know if this is near term or some moonshot type of goal. It
         | also states earlier in the press release that the free egress
         | frees are offered via the "Bandwidth Alliance", which removes
         | bandwidth charges between member providers. While it is
         | noteworthy that GCP (Google Cloud Provider) and Microsoft Azure
         | are part of this alliance, AWS is not! So does this mean that
         | egress fees will be charged if an AWS server requests the file?
         | 
         | I also don't know what to think about the statement that they
         | plan to make infrequent access completely free... does that
         | mean that I can throw files onto R2 for archive purposes and
         | not pay anything? Because that is what it sounds like by that
         | statement, but it obviously sounds impractical or too good to
         | be true.
         | 
         | Original Press Release: https://www.cloudflare.com/press-
         | releases/2021/cloudflare-an...
        
           | greg-m wrote:
           | Hey, R2 PM here - there's no question that the product will
           | have 0 egress charges, regardless of destination.
           | 
           | For archival use-cases, you do still pay us for data storage.
           | We're referring to not charging for operations for infrequent
           | access - we'll likely drop the stored data charge down too,
           | eventually, but the current pricing is complex enough.
        
             | jacurtis wrote:
             | Ok, thanks for the clarification. After I wrote that
             | statement about Infrequent Access, I was thinking about it
             | more and realized that you probably pay for storage but
             | simply have no access fees. In other words you don't really
             | distinguish between storage tiers. I think that is good. S3
             | technically has 7 storage tiers, with all permutations of
             | limited availability zone, reduced redundancy, infrequent
             | access, archival storage, etc. While it is understandable
             | that archival storage is unique (it is tape storage), the
             | others just seem arbitrary and unnecessary.
             | 
             | I am an AWS administrator/architect for work so we are
             | always trying to weigh pros and cons. AWS S3 is notoriously
             | overpriced. This is a well-established fact. There are many
             | other providers that offer comparable solutions (or even
             | superior) such as the new R2. But we feel the effect of
             | vendor lock-in because of S3's integration with other AWS
             | services, which is what keeps a lot of people over-paying
             | for S3. I think the auto-migration feature is potentially
             | one of the best arguments for switching to R2.
             | 
             | R2 is undeniably a better value than S3. S3 requires me to
             | select a region and optionally even limit an availability
             | zone (if I need to keep costs low). CDN/edge locations are
             | all extra cost via AWS Cloudfront. And the reality is many
             | people are already using Cloudflare as CDN in front of S3
             | storage. So R2 just becomes a no-brainer at that point. I
             | think it will be a successful launch. I am excited to try
             | it.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Thanks! R2 coming out with $0 egress is somewhere between
             | unbelievable and literal-miracle.
             | 
             | I suppose my only skepticism is "but how fast can I
             | egress?" -- if the bandwidth is 100x slower than GCP, it
             | might dampen my enthusiasm a little bit. But honestly I'd
             | still take a 100x slowdown if it means I can do long term
             | archival without paying $200 just to download the data,
             | soooo....
             | 
             | Anyway, cheers, and thanks for doing impactful work!
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | What is laarc?
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | (@CameronNemo: If you want to chat about it, you'll have
               | to DM me on twitter. As you see, comments here about it
               | are instakilled.)
        
             | tomjen3 wrote:
             | Will you be going after "abusive" hosts? Like if I wanted
             | to use your services to deliver a successful podcast or a
             | viral video I would be paying you pennies a month for
             | storage, while taking up boatloads of bandwidth.
             | 
             | I am not planing on doing either, but I am just curious
             | what you would do about it?
        
               | sodality2 wrote:
               | If the requests /sec are over the free limit, you'd be
               | charged.
        
             | politician wrote:
             | Hey Greg, I was just talking to Sales about R2 yesterday,
             | and they said that it was not live yet. Can you clarify
             | availability?
        
             | Matheus28 wrote:
             | I honestly can't see how it'd be profitable if someone were
             | to host several TB worth of files that are very frequently
             | downloaded. My fear with anything "free" is that once you
             | actually use it A LOT, it will be pulled from under you.
             | I'm a lot more comfortable with $0.001/GB than $0/GB.
        
           | nemothekid wrote:
           | > _While it is noteworthy that GCP (Google Cloud Provider)
           | and Microsoft Azure are part of this alliance, AWS is not! So
           | does this mean that egress fees will be charged if an AWS
           | server requests the file?_
           | 
           | The bandwidth alliance means when Cloudflare requests a file
           | from GCP, GCP won't charge you egress. Cloudflare will then
           | deliver your file to your customer for free.
        
             | bbu wrote:
             | small correction: gcp will still charge you but at a
             | reduced rate.
        
           | spullara wrote:
           | I think they mean the cost for access would be completely
           | free (if not accessed much) but not the storage as those are
           | separate fees.
        
         | kaixi wrote:
         | B2 to Cloudflare egress is free, they are both part of
         | Bandwidth Alliance:
         | https://www.backblaze.com/b2/solutions/content-delivery.html
        
           | austinpena wrote:
           | Answered here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28778286
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hitekker wrote:
         | B2 is also a lot slower egress than S3, by maybe an order of
         | magnitude.
        
         | true_religion wrote:
         | OVH storage is $0.0112/GB and egress is just $0.01/GB. Having
         | egressed priced out is handy because then you can just use it
         | directly.
         | 
         | With Cloudflare you'd have to pay for the CDN separately for
         | any real traffic amount.
        
         | forty wrote:
         | We will see in practice how it is. As the article suggested,
         | there are often caveats to "unlimited" and honestly I don't
         | even think they have written unlimited anywhere :)
        
           | fernandotakai wrote:
           | >As the article suggested, there are often caveats to
           | "unlimited" and honestly I don't even think they have written
           | unlimited anywhere :)
           | 
           | CF already talked about egress pricing here
           | https://blog.cloudflare.com/aws-egregious-egress/
           | 
           | i would say that when they talk unlimited, they actually mean
           | it.
        
             | forty wrote:
             | Precisely my point is that I haven't seen "unlimited"
             | mentioned either in the R2 announcement nor on your link.
             | So it's not unlikely that it's going to be free egress up
             | to X GB per month (possibly with X high enough that it's
             | still cool)
        
           | aclelland wrote:
           | I think that when CF say unlimited bandwidth they really mean
           | it. I manage a domain on the business level plan for a domain
           | and I pushed over 1PB through it in January. Not a single
           | complaint from CF and no sales calls pushing enterprise tier.
           | 
           | They haven't clarified their file operations costs yet
           | though. That could get pricy but will more than likely be
           | cancelled out by the egress savings for most use cases.
        
             | Aea wrote:
             | Not saying your experience isn't true, but I've heard
             | horror stories of accounts being disabled for using too
             | much "non-HTML" bandwidth, even on business level
             | ($200/month) accounts (at the single digit TB level). The
             | limits seem to be arbitrary and ill defined.
             | 
             | CF may be great technically, but I personally wouldn't use
             | them without an enterprise agreement in place. Bandwidth
             | should be cheap, but cheap does not equal free.
             | 
             | Unless I had an enterprise agreement in place I'd rather
             | work with a vendor that has a well defined usage-based
             | pricing. I have a low appetite for risk, and usage-based
             | pricing aligns incentives properly IMHO.
        
               | corobo wrote:
               | How long ago was that?
        
               | Aea wrote:
               | Came across these 3-4 years ago when I was doing research
               | on whether CF would be viable for a previous company.
        
               | breakingcups wrote:
               | Yeah, that's why I haven't dared put them in front of my
               | B2 buckets, even though they have the Bandwidth Alliance.
        
               | jonny_eh wrote:
               | > I personally wouldn't use them without an enterprise
               | agreement in place
               | 
               | That would depend on the use case I'd assume.
        
               | aclelland wrote:
               | Yes, you are right that an enterprise agreement is
               | probably the safest approach and it's definitely
               | something we have looked into since the beginning of the
               | year.
               | 
               | In our case, one of our games DAU went pretty crazy last
               | Christmas which resulted in a huge increase in players
               | (who all need to download hundreds of MB of data). Maybe
               | if it'd continued for many months the situation would be
               | different and that angry email from CF would have
               | eventually arrived.
        
         | sydney6 wrote:
         | Backblaze, IIRC, doesn't distribute data across multiple
         | regions.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | anyfactor wrote:
         | I googled what egress meant.
         | 
         | > when that data is retrieved from the cloud, providers will
         | then charge large fees; this is what's known as a data egress.
         | 
         | There are many cloud providers seem to be not charging for
         | egress.
        
           | the_duke wrote:
           | No, most cloud providers do not charge for ingress, but
           | charge heavily for egress.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | anyfactor wrote:
             | I didn't mention or didn't know what ingress is.
             | 
             | The full excerpt [0]
             | 
             | > Most leading cloud providers allow their customers to
             | input data into the cloud for free. However, when that data
             | is retrieved from the cloud, these providers will then
             | charge large fees; this is what's known as a data egress.
             | 
             | Here is what I found out about ingress [1]
             | 
             | > Egress in the world of networking implies traffic that
             | exits an entity or a network boundary, while Ingress is
             | traffic that enters the boundary of a network.
             | 
             | [0] https://wasabi.com/help/glossary-of-terms/egress-
             | charges-def...
             | 
             | [1] https://aviatrix.com/learn-center/cloud-
             | security/egress-and-...
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | no worries, it was all quite confusing to me too. I never
               | had to worry about any of this stuff till accidentally
               | racking up a $600 charge in one day by using a TPU pod to
               | train on data in the wrong region.
               | 
               | Here's the rule of thumb:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28775836
               | 
               | > inbound traffic (ingress) is free, almost universally.
               | 
               | > outbound traffic (egress) is $insane, almost
               | universally.
               | 
               | so think of it like, teleport yourself to S3's servers.
               | Any data that comes in, you charge $0. Any data that goes
               | out, you charge $massive.
               | 
               | This seems to be true for almost every provider I've
               | found. Hetzner is one of the rare exceptions. If you need
               | a server, get a Hetzner dedicated box, because it's
               | unlimited traffic (both ingress and egress). It powers
               | https://battle.shawwn.com/ (big dump of files).
               | 
               | I'd love to store things in S3 or GCE, but it's a non-
               | starter, because transferring between GCE to Hetzner
               | would cost $0.12/GB downloaded. 12 cents per GB! It
               | doesn't sound like a lot till you do the math on 22TB.
               | 
               | Hence, R2 is incredibly appealing. I'd love $0.015 per GB
               | storage cost + free egress, because it means I can
               | download as much as I want to my hetzner server. Meaning,
               | I don't need to worry about my hetzner drives failing.
        
         | sillysaurusx wrote:
         | Responding to a deleted but interesting comment. Normally I
         | wouldn't do this, but it's harmless enough:
         | 
         | > Backblaze B2 transfer to Cloudflare is free egress due to
         | bandwidth alliance and Cloudflare CDN is free egress. So you
         | already kinda have that.
         | 
         | Hmm... What does it mean to transfer to Cloudflare? That's
         | interesting.
         | 
         | I want free egress to my Hetzner servers. (4x16TB for $79EU/mo
         | is unbeatable, primarily because Hetzner also has unlimited
         | free egress bandwidth.)
         | 
         | But if Cloudflare offers servers, I should look into that. Do
         | they? Even if they do, what's their egress pricing?
         | 
         | Thanks for the tip!
         | 
         | (I've been wondering about B2's mysterious "computing partners"
         | -- their computing partners get free egress, so it seems
         | entirely plausible that Cloudflare might be one such computing
         | partner. I just didn't realize that Cloudflare might do
         | computing at all -- in my head, they were a proxy, not a server
         | farm.)
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | They offer a serverless platform.
           | 
           | If you want free egress, you can check Wasabi:
           | https://wasabi.com/cloud-storage-pricing/#three-info
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | Wasabi charges for your largest file for 3 months.
             | 
             | You only get "free" egress for the size of your storage.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Thanks for pointing this out!
        
             | Polycryptus wrote:
             | I've been using Wasabi for a project where cost is more
             | important than anything (i.e. a side project with
             | reasonable scale that can't accept income) and on that
             | front it is great. (S3 costs have been atrociously high to
             | us sometimes.) For CDN-type resources we do a Wasabi bucket
             | with Cloudflare with caching set very high. Reliability has
             | been the only problem; it's not awful by any means, but
             | there are a lot more "hiccups" using it. You get what you
             | pay for, I guess.
             | 
             | That said I'm looking to see if just using R2 is a big
             | improvement. It'll cost more but the reliability and
             | performance might be worth it for us.
        
         | Eugr wrote:
         | Did you have a look at rstor.io? They have free egress and even
         | lower storage costs and also don't seem to charge for IOPS. Not
         | as high profile as Cloudflare though.
        
           | sillysaurusx wrote:
           | I haven't! Thank you for the tip!
        
           | Smerity wrote:
           | Thanks! I'd never seen them. The only minor catches that I've
           | seen are that they want you to start the account with $50 or
           | more added, it's $6 per TB per month (rounded up to the
           | nearest TB) with a 90 day minimum duration, and you're
           | allowed 1TB egress per day for each TB you have stored.
           | 
           | They were also acquired very recently[2] though no clue how
           | that might impact things.
           | 
           | I'm fine with all those except the pre-loading $50 just to
           | test, though that's as I want to test it personally. If I
           | were using a business account that's not as much an issue.
           | 
           | [1]: https://console.rstor.space/pricing
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.yahoo.com/now/packetfabric-announces-
           | acquisition...
        
             | iptrans wrote:
             | "you're allowed 1TB egress per day for each TB you have
             | stored."
             | 
             | Where did you find the reference to 1TB per day?
             | 
             | On the page it says:
             | 
             | "1 TB of data egress for every 1 TB storage capacity used"
             | 
             | I would have assumed this is per month.
        
               | Smerity wrote:
               | You're right, I misread it and now can't edit my comment.
               | This puts it all in quite a similar position to Wasabi[1]
               | who have a 1:1 storage:transfer ratio per month and a 90
               | day minimum storage duration as well. In fact, their
               | price per terabyte is almost exactly the same ($5.99 for
               | Wasabi vs $6 for Rstor).
               | 
               | It's a shame as I love aspects of this type of storage
               | service, even with the caveats, but they're not useful if
               | there's no way to pay more for excess transfer. Luckily I
               | think R2 fits that requirement (though paying for more
               | operations vs paying for more transfer).
               | 
               | [1]: https://wasabi.com/paygo-pricing-faq/
        
               | Eugr wrote:
               | That's interesting... When talking to their reps I
               | mentioned Wasabi and asked if they have similar
               | limitations and they said "no". I wonder if enterprise
               | customers are treated differently?
        
           | DeathArrow wrote:
           | Also Wasabi is worth checking. Free egress cheap prices.
           | https://wasabi.com/cloud-storage-pricing/#three-info
        
             | breakingcups wrote:
             | If I recall correctly, that's only good up until the total
             | storage. So if you store, say, 100GB of files total, you
             | only have free egress up until 100GB/month
        
               | encryptluks2 wrote:
               | Exactly... also, they have like a 3 month minimum storage
               | time on a lot of their plans.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | Free egress is huge for my data pipeline workloads. I hate
         | getting silo-ed into a single cloud provider, because my data
         | lives there and it's too expensive to run the compute jobs on
         | another cloud due to the cost of moving the data.
         | 
         | For example GCP has a much better Kubernetes offering than AWS,
         | but everything's native to S3. So you get stuck using crappier
         | products. If R2 offered free egress, I'd move the entire data
         | lake there just to sidestep this problem.
        
         | mattjaynes wrote:
         | As mentioned in another comment, don't forget to consider B2's
         | weekly 2 hour maintenance windows during the US work day:
         | https://www.backblaze.com/scheduled-maintenance.html
        
           | nvahalik wrote:
           | This was the reason we ended up moving away from B2. It may
           | be durable but their storage isn't a drop-in replacement for
           | S3 or similar products. They are really an S3-compatible
           | target for backup softwares.
        
       | mattjaynes wrote:
       | In any comparisons with B2, don't forget to consider that they
       | have a 2 hour maintenance window every Thursday during the US
       | business day: https://www.backblaze.com/scheduled-
       | maintenance.html
       | 
       | They usually don't go down during that time, but sometimes they
       | do and their support told us to always expect outages during this
       | time.
       | 
       | If you need your B2 data available during those windows, you'll
       | need to also set up a failover data source for those times.
        
       | res0nat0r wrote:
       | The lower egress fees are super nice, but until someone can beat
       | the Glacier Deep Archive pricing @ $0.00099 per GB I'm going to
       | keep using that.
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | That's not for data you Will actually use. You are only
         | including one of the many cysts ( egress and retrieval) + it's
         | really slow.
         | 
         | Cloudflare brings R2 to the edge.
        
           | smorgusofborg wrote:
           | Integration is an interesting problem though. With Scaleway's
           | c14 cold storage, I felt the reasonable choices were use
           | their S3 services for more or don't use their S3 oriented
           | archive service at all. Moving everything around to different
           | S3 services for different purposes seems like something I
           | don't want to sign up for.
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | Apples to oranges. Glacier Deep Archive and R2 (And really, all
         | the other S3 tiers) serve entirely different use cases.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | "Archive"
         | 
         | Archive is great for archiving. S3 standard tier is not for
         | archiving.
        
           | res0nat0r wrote:
           | My #1 concern is total monthly cost to store data, that's it.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Then R2 is worse for you than S3 as the entire point of R2
             | seems to be to do a different tradeoff than S3. You pay
             | more for total storage but less for bandwidth with R2, and
             | vice-versa for S3.
        
               | NicoJuicy wrote:
               | Where did you get that from? R2 is cheaper for storage
               | too then s3
        
             | breakingcups wrote:
             | Then your #2 concern should be "when will I want to access
             | this data I store? How much of it? And how quickly?"
             | because that's where Glacier can cost you a new house or
             | car.
             | 
             | So for backups, stuff you don't need often (AND don't need
             | to restore quickly), it's fine. Not so for most other use-
             | cases.
        
         | kondro wrote:
         | Great pricing, but a 48 hour retrieval window sucks for
         | everything except things you basically never need to retrieve.
         | 
         | I'm not even talking backups here, if you need a backup at all,
         | you probably need it ASAP. This is a governance product.
        
           | electroly wrote:
           | You do have the option for 12 hour retrieval; 48 hour is the
           | discount restore option. We keep the latest backup in the
           | Standard tier and use GDA for older backups.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jeffalo wrote:
       | The name Cloudflare R2 is incredible.
       | 
       | The letter before S is R. The number before 3 is 2.
        
       | Shadonototra wrote:
       | it won't, it still is over priced compared to its real cost
       | 
       | at best it makes it a compelling alternative, but the story ends
       | here
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-10-06 23:00 UTC)