[HN Gopher] Real-world data show that filters clean Covid-causin...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Real-world data show that filters clean Covid-causing virus from
       air
        
       Author : bruceb
       Score  : 157 points
       Date   : 2021-10-09 15:48 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | In Canada, Many school, and public buildings still have asbestos
       | used throughout and very outdated ventilation systems. Schools in
       | smaller towns were built in the 60s and 70s. Asbestos was a town
       | in Quebec before they changed the name.
       | 
       | Vaccines are pushed in part so hard, because its the cheapest
       | solution for government to implement. Not building extra
       | hospitals. Firing unvaccinated nurses, and hospital employees
       | during a pandemic is the other government solution. This of
       | course will blow back hard, should the vaccine efficiency wane
       | over winter.
        
       | jeeeb wrote:
       | Here in Australia states have been been putting portable air
       | filters in schools, age care homes and so on.
       | 
       | Victoria for example ordered 51,000 filters recently to place
       | across all schools.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Suspect that "These organisms are not typically thought to spread
       | through the air" was not evidence-based.
        
       | junon wrote:
       | "COVID-causing virus"
       | 
       | So.. COVID.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | The disease that develops after being infected is called
         | _COVID-19_ which means _Co_ rona _Vi_ rus _D_ isease (first
         | seen in 20) _19_. The virus that causes it is _SARS-CoV-2_ ,
         | the _S_ evere _A_ cute _R_ espiratory _S_ yndrom _Co_ rona _V_
         | irus _2_ , which is one of many coronaviruses. The _2_ is there
         | because there was an earlier coronavirus caused disease (SARS)
         | in 2002 for which the pathogen was called SARS-CoV(-1).
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | > which is one of many coronaviruses.
           | 
           | There's only like 7 coronaviruses that have been discovered
           | to infect a human. Three of which are SARS, MERS, and
           | COVID19.
           | 
           | Its pretty novel, all else considered.
        
             | weaksauce wrote:
             | I mean you are dropping the whole colds are coronaviruses
             | too part though. though, the "cold" has a bunch of possible
             | viruses that cause it (something like 200 different
             | viruses) with the rhinovirus being one of the larger ways
             | since it's so resistant to being inactivated comparatively
             | to sars2 which only lasts for a day to three as a fomite
             | vector, is neutralized by soap and water or 70% IPA. If
             | covid had a viral vector like a rhinovirus that can last
             | for months on surfaces in wide variety of conditions on
             | surfaces and also spread via aerosolized particles it would
             | have been a completely different pandemic that would have
             | been far more deadly.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > I mean you are dropping the whole colds are
               | coronaviruses too part though.
               | 
               | There's only 4 coronaviruses that causes a cold: HCoV-
               | OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63
               | 
               | The rest are rhinoviruses.
               | 
               | -------
               | 
               | That's literally only 7 coronaviruses to care about
               | (including the 4 that cause "common cold").
        
               | redis_mlc wrote:
               | 1) WIV took down their database, and a NIH version, in
               | 2019.
               | 
               | Those listed around 30 corona sequences.
               | 
               | 2) We don't know what corona viruses WIV is cultivating
               | in its humanized mice and lab monkeys.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | OC43 used to be a pandemic one itself in 1895.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | Only 4 known coronaviruses that cause a cold, anyway.
               | While it'd be a bit surprising if there were more, HCoV-
               | HKU1 was only discovered surprisingly recently.
        
         | lovecg wrote:
         | "Coronavirus disease-causing virus"
        
         | umvi wrote:
         | HIV is to AIDS as SARS-CoV-2 is to COVID
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | Not entirely. AIDS is only the name for the final stage of
           | the disease, when your immune system is rendered totally
           | unable to defend your body. It usually takes years from an
           | HIV infection until AIDS develops. In the first viremic phase
           | of HIV you can even have fever but often people don't notice
           | it or put it off as some innocent cold. COVID-19 however is
           | used however to refer to all stages and forms of the disease.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS#Acquired_immunodefici.
           | ..
        
       | b1gz1m wrote:
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       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | So who makes a good room air filter? I have a dozen container
       | ships go by, a few hundred meters away from my window a day.
        
       | chmod600 wrote:
       | How effective would a mediocre filter be, just by physically
       | bouncing the virus around? Is the virus fragile enough to be
       | deateoyed that way?
        
       | peakaboo wrote:
       | How are they going to make billions of profit from air filters?
        
         | bradknowles wrote:
         | Have you looked at the prices of HEPA filter machines?
         | 
         | Check out the cost of IQAir units.
        
           | cptskippy wrote:
           | Those are like the Louis Vuitton of air filters. I think most
           | people can get by with a Winx air filter.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | I don't want a hospital I'm in to "just get by"...
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | The machine is mostly just a question of convenience, as
               | long as the flow rate is right it's the filter that does
               | all the work, and those are relatively much cheaper.
        
       | throwaway984393 wrote:
       | You can build your own high-flow HEPA filter for about $45:
       | 1x 20-inch box fan ($20)       1x 20x20 MERV-13+ MPR-2400+ HVAC
       | air filter ($20)       1x roll of duct tape ($2.50)
       | 
       | Air particle meters and other testing show they work just as well
       | as big expensive machines (it's just the filter doing all the
       | work). This is indeed a dirt cheap way to improve overall health.
        
         | 404mm wrote:
         | Go with MERV-17 - 20 to achieve HEPA-like filtration.
        
         | pkulak wrote:
         | I see people post this all the time, but I really don't think
         | an axial fan can pull air through a HEPA-like filter. You need
         | to spend $150 on a real solution. It's really not much,
         | includes the filters, and looks a hell of a lot better to boot.
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | Plus mine has a sensor too, so the fan is only loud when it
           | needs to be.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | This Old House has a really good breakdown on filtration and
           | air volume and have a pretty clever DIY box fan approach
           | using multiple filters. Still costs under $100. The
           | Wirecutter recommended Coway filter is $185 on Amazon.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/aw7fUMhNov8
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | > 1x 20x20 MERV-13+ MPR-2400+ HVAC air filter ($20)
         | 
         | That's a MERV-13 filter, not a HEPA filter.
         | 
         | HEPA filters 99%+ of small (0.3um) particles per pass. A
         | MERV-13 filter only filters like 60% per pass IIRC.
         | 
         | That means that a 1000 cu. feet of air through the HEPA filter
         | will result in 990+ cu. feet of clean air. While the MERV-13
         | filter will only produce 600 cu. feet of clean air.
         | 
         | --------
         | 
         | A MERV13 filter would be good enough to improve most air, but
         | its not HEPA and shouldn't be confused with it.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | This is fascinating! If MERV 13 filters 60% with each pass,
           | can we put 5 in a room to increase the circulation/filtration
           | and eventually get to 99% filtration?
           | 
           | Also, I found this article which I found informative. Judge
           | it as you please:
           | 
           | https://www.iso-aire.com/blog/what-are-the-differences-
           | betwe...
        
           | jph00 wrote:
           | Thanks to a higher CADR, it can actually be _better_ than
           | HEPA in practice, if you use 4 filters to create a corsi-
           | rosenthal box, as shown here:
           | 
           | https://www.texairfilters.com/its-all-about-the-air-flow-
           | thr...
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | note that phrase like "600ft3 of clean air" are misleading.
           | filtration drops off rapidly with distance from the air
           | purifier, so the fan would need to be quite oversized for a
           | room to experience relatively even filtration. for most
           | rooms, that wouldn't be comfortable, for both noise and draft
           | reasons.
           | 
           | i'm down with air purifiers for indoor particulate matter
           | (i.e., air pollution), but they're not really going to make a
           | dent in covid transmission rates. transmission happens mainly
           | during long face-to-face conversations, which mostly
           | precedes/bypasses room air filtration.
        
           | bsilvereagle wrote:
           | It's worth noting that filter efficiency is a function of
           | particulate size. A MERV13 and a HEPA filter are nearly
           | equivalent for filtering pollen, but have drastically
           | different performance for smoke and virus particles.
           | 
           | There's a plot 1/3 of the way down the page that shows the
           | curves:
           | 
           | https://frdmtoplay.com/nagivating-air-purification/
        
             | diebeforei485 wrote:
             | "Virus particles" do not float free in the air to spread
             | disease. It's usually mostly salt water aerosols with a few
             | virus particles in them.
        
               | cottager2 wrote:
               | Is that known? I don't think it's been conclusively
               | decided whether or not the virus spreads via aerosolized
               | droplets or if it's truly airborne.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | I thought they became airborne by being expelled in a
               | droplet ang the droplet evaporating.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | It is known fairly well in the context of SARS-CoV-2, but
               | other viruses may have different distributions.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | They certainly can free-float, generally speaking, but
               | SARS-CoV-2 in particular is indeed known to be mostly in
               | droplets and aerosols.
               | 
               | Personally, I'd caution not to over-generalize this fact.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Yeah, it's actually pretty complicated.
             | 
             | MERV13 also needs less pressure, and a box fan is bad with
             | pressure. If you stuck a HEPA filter on a box fan, it might
             | only do 100cu feet of airflow. MERV13 is maybe 200.
             | 
             | HEPA is designed for higher pressure centrifugal fans.
             | MERV13 is likely the best balance for home made designs
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | There is a cubic design that people have been doing with
               | HEPA filters (4 sides and a cardboard bottom) that solves
               | the airflow issue.
        
           | geoduck14 wrote:
           | This is fascinating! If MERV 13 filters 60% with each pass,
           | can we put 9 in a room to increase the circulation/filtration
           | and eventually get to 99.7% filtration? Does it even work
           | like this?
           | 
           | Also, I found this article which I found informative. Judge
           | it as you please:
           | 
           | https://www.iso-aire.com/blog/what-are-the-differences-
           | betwe...
        
           | throwaway984393 wrote:
           | You're right, thanks for the clarification, this is a "DIY
           | air purifier" not a "HEPA" filter. (Apparently products today
           | even have to clarify if they are "true HEPA" due to
           | misleading marketing)
           | 
           | According to this website
           | (https://freshairaustralia.blogspot.com/2020/01/how-does-
           | merv...) a study for underground mining filtration found a
           | MERV-16 filter superior to HEPA in terms of airflow and cost,
           | with a negligible difference in filtration efficiency.
           | 
           | According to the study, the MERV-16 filters have higher flow
           | rates than a HEPA filter, which would both make the MERV
           | filter a better fit for an inefficient fan, and increase the
           | air filtration rate. The author of that site also finds that
           | the airflow rate can be more important than a filter's rated
           | efficiency:
           | https://freshairaustralia.blogspot.com/2020/01/why-air-
           | flow-...
           | 
           | After some web searching, it seems you can buy smaller
           | replacement HEPA filters and MERV-16 filters starting at
           | ~$40. So I guess you can spend less if you only need "air
           | purifying", and more if you want the real deal.
        
       | DantesKite wrote:
       | Wouldn't be a bad idea to start having air filters in confined
       | spaces.
       | 
       | Elevators, gyms, restaurants.
       | 
       | Not saying it has to happen all at once, but it would help
       | decrease most respiratory diseases from spreading.
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | classrooms
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Classrooms where already an issue before Covid. Concentration
           | goes way down when the air starts to get thick and same goes
           | for meeting rooms. How many times have you entered a meeting
           | room where the air was so thick you felt it as soon as you
           | stepped in?
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | I'm skeptical that would be good for overall long term health.
         | There are only a limited number of endemic respiratory viruses.
         | Most of us will be exposed to them at multiple times in our
         | lives regardless of what protective steps we take. So I'd
         | rather get them while I'm still relatively young and healthy
         | because the resulting immunity will give me at least partial
         | protection later in life.
         | 
         | Of course ideally it would be better to have effective
         | sterilizing vaccines for all those various respiratory viruses,
         | and perhaps someday we will. But those generally don't exist
         | today for the vast majority of viruses.
        
           | diebeforei485 wrote:
           | It's pretty standard in all office buildings, well before the
           | pandemic. I don't think expanding it to classrooms and gyms
           | is going to cause problems.
        
           | noodlesUK wrote:
           | There are significant health benefits to cleaner air, not
           | just from infectious disease, but also from particulate
           | pollution and various other harmful substances. I strongly
           | suspect that on the balance it would be a significant net
           | positive from that aspect alone, though I don't have
           | possession of any hard evidence to back that up.
        
       | throwawayboise wrote:
       | Not surprising? HEPA filters have been known to be able to filter
       | viruses for some time; it's maybe the main reason they were
       | invented? Not sure about that though.
        
         | auslegung wrote:
         | I have believed this for about a year, based on things I was
         | reading at that time. I thought this was widely known because
         | as you point out, that's kinda their purpose. This article
         | acknowledges that it was shown to be effective in lab settings
         | and this is mainly about seeing those results in real life
         | settings.
         | 
         | But come on, if anyone finds something that's probably
         | effective based on science and isn't going to negatively affect
         | anyone, let's shout it from the rooftops. If schools had been
         | given funding to improve air circulation and filtration as well
         | as a local gym now does after a $500,000 upgrade, I'm sure many
         | would feel better about sending their children to school.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | What bothers me is about 7-10 years ago there was a high
           | quality paper linking transmission of flu to temperature,
           | humidity, and air turn over. Depressingly the response was
           | 'oh well nothing we can do cause too expensive'
           | 
           | We'd be in a lot better shape if we'd decided to actually do
           | something instead of falling back on the usual learned
           | helplessness.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | I'm student teaching in a third grade classroom, and I want
           | to add a least a small counter:
           | 
           | We are required to have two HEPA filters always running in
           | the classroom. They are loud. Combined with the fact that (1)
           | children mumble, (2) the children have masks on, and (3)
           | everyone is supposed to stay 3+ feet apart, it's quite hard
           | to hear what a lot of kids are saying!
           | 
           | I don't know what the right answer is, but what we have now
           | really sucks!
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | There's quiet filters. I can barely hear the one(s) in my
             | house, and they're just cheapo ones. Typically the key is
             | to keep the fan speed reasonable, if you crank it up all
             | the way almost any fan is going to be loud.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | The sound increases with the air pressure requirement. A
               | true HEPA filter requires much greater air pressure than
               | a typical air purifier filter.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | The ones I have are HEPA and the fan speed is still
               | variable, and very quiet on low.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | Can you recommend the model you have?
               | 
               | The one I have is loud enough on it's lowest setting that
               | I don't like leaving it on in the background :(
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | We have the Austin Air Healhmates at work. They are quiet.
             | 
             | That said the real failure was the FDA not making getting
             | the vaccine approved for your 3rd graders by the start of
             | the school year. Frankly I don't know how those guys can
             | look themselves in the mirror while they are shaving in the
             | morning.
             | 
             | I think vaccine approval for 5-11 year olds is coming in
             | early November.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | Risk/reward here is absurd. This has never been about the
               | safety of the children.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | Ending the pandemic is totally in the interest of the
               | children.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | Aside from extremely poor studies about long covid in
               | kids: why?
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | In the US about 120,000 children lost a primary care
               | giver to covid. Is you are sane that counts for
               | something.
        
             | plorkyeran wrote:
             | The right answer is to buy better air purifiers, as good
             | ones are nearly silent.
        
             | im_down_w_otp wrote:
             | The point would be to have the central HVAC system be
             | renovated to boost circulation with HEPA filters in the
             | loop precisely so that you don't have to have two noisy
             | things doing a middling job of a similar task in the
             | classroom itself.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | > have the central HVAC system be renovated
               | 
               | Speaking for many schools in heating dominated climates:
               | renovate the what? (Many schools have forced water
               | radiators, which are obviously not able to be retrofitted
               | for effective air filtration.)
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | They probably have those with windows that open, too,
               | thanks to the last pandemic.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | Is that a thing? I hadn't heard that
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | Or upgrade to MERV 16, which is nearly as good, much
               | cheaper, and has much lower pressure loss.
        
             | nucleardog wrote:
             | The obvious answer would be for the school to not rely on
             | portable fans with filters on them, but instead actually
             | upgrade the building you're in.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | using air purifiers like that for corona is mostly theater
             | anyway, since air purifiers don't filter the air evenly
             | (despite the misnomer metric "air changes per hour") in a
             | room. mostly, it filters really well near the purifiers and
             | poorly everywhere else. this of course depends on the
             | strength of the fan, but for most consumer air purifiers,
             | it's likely a few feet radius at best. that's not to say
             | that even that isn't worth having in an average bedroom,
             | but in a classroom, it's likely not doing much at all.
             | 
             | also, you're already distancing (which is doing nearly all
             | the work there) and wearing masks (which is mostly theater
             | in a distanced classroom as well). the virus isn't free-
             | floating live in the classroom. most virus falls to the
             | ground directly. of what's aloft, it becomes inactivated
             | pretty quickly for all sorts of reasons (dessication, ph,
             | temperature, radiation, etc.) and most likely won't land
             | anywhere near a viable infection spot. so almost no active
             | virus is filtered out before it has a chance to reach a
             | moist, viable passageway in another person.
             | 
             | even huge central commercial systems likely wouldn't filter
             | out coronavirus before they die off or land somewhere
             | harmlessly. it's another potential intervention that sounds
             | plausible on the surface, but is mostly useless against
             | covid.
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | With the added bonus that it would be better for the
           | students' health generally and would likely improve overall
           | educational outcomes.
           | 
           | An awful lot of our handling of COVID has been farcical (a
           | year and a half in, we're still relying on cloth masks and
           | obsessively sanitizing surfaces), but in the case of schools
           | it's veered toward absurdist/tragic.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | seventytwo wrote:
             | The authorities have long since stopped recommending cloth
             | masks and surface cleaning. Anyone still applying or
             | recommending those methods isn't up to date.
             | 
             | There's nothing farcical about recommending cloth masks and
             | surface cleaning during the first few months of the
             | pandemic when nothing was known about how the virus spread
             | and when masks needed to be reserved for those on the front
             | lines.
             | 
             | The only farcical piece is how our society reacted to the
             | recommendations of the experts.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | > Anyone still applying or recommending those methods
               | isn't up to date.
               | 
               | That's why it's farcical. In my area, you're required to
               | wear your mask when you enter a restaurant and keep it on
               | until you reach your table. Employees spend 8 hours
               | breathing in the building through a cloth mask. Many
               | places are still serving using single-use dishware to
               | "stop the spread". Many people are still walking around
               | with gloves on.
               | 
               | I'm not saying these were bad recommendations at the
               | time, but they've turned into talismans and rituals we do
               | to ward off the evil spirit of COVID while people broadly
               | go about their lives as before.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, things like updating and repairing HVAC
               | systems or restructuring buildings to maximize airflow,
               | which both actually address COVID and have actual
               | positive effects on health and wellbeing get short
               | shrift, because we're wearing masks, so we're safe, and
               | doing real work is expensive.
        
               | henrikschroder wrote:
               | > The authorities have long since stopped recommending
               | cloth masks
               | 
               | That depends completely on where you live, there are
               | plenty of places that still have indoor or outdoor mask
               | mandates, despite them being completely useless.
        
               | seventytwo wrote:
               | Those local regulations may not be using the best
               | recommendations, either. There's been plenty of cases of
               | locales not using the best guidance.
               | 
               | My point remains.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | spqr0a1 wrote:
         | HEPA filters were developed for radioactive dust during the
         | Manhattan Project. Only several years later did the technology
         | get declassified and started being used in biology and
         | medicine.
        
         | jpe90 wrote:
         | It's not surprising if you understand how HEPA filters work,
         | the particulate sizes that they're effective for, and the
         | particulate sizes of viruses. Most people are not familiar with
         | one or more of those things, so these stories are worth
         | amplifying to the end of the earth and back, so that we can be
         | better prepared to deal with this pandemic and the next.
        
       | whiddershins wrote:
       | Obviously.
       | 
       | So what would've happened if we had created a zillion jobs
       | installing air filtration to create healthier workplaces across
       | many dimensions (not just Covid) instead of paying people to stay
       | home?
        
         | AreYouSirius wrote:
         | WRONG !
         | 
         | You are force to think this way !
         | 
         | BUT
         | 
         | What if you asked hospital staff if those ventilation unit in
         | ICUs do have filter inside or they just recycle indoor infected
         | hospital air and just add clean oxygen ???
         | 
         | so basically if you get into hospital and they hook you up onto
         | ventilation unit, you will increase virus load inside your
         | lungs because all those viruses you exhale are not filtered and
         | you will inhale them later.
         | 
         | So just imagine how much is ventilation hookup in hospital good
         | and how much is bad for you !!!
         | 
         | not talking about HVAC, im talking about medical equipment
         | directly pumping hospital air into your lungs.
        
         | smiley1437 wrote:
         | Do you have a time machine to bring this bit of information
         | back in time?
         | 
         | And, would anyone have believed you?
         | 
         | Many things are obvious in hindsight.
        
           | AreYouSirius wrote:
           | no hindsight needed, why are all those millions of people
           | wearing masks ? because WE ALL know filtration WORKS.
        
           | whiddershins wrote:
           | We had the information. It's why we didn't have huge
           | outbreaks related to planes.
           | 
           | Anyone who looked into this, including me, knew this more
           | than a year ago.
        
       | nprz wrote:
       | Someone made an interesting point that we got rid of cholera by
       | drinking cleaner water and that we'll get rid of Covid by
       | breathing cleaner air.
        
         | felipellrocha wrote:
         | wut?
        
         | drzaiusapelord wrote:
         | You won't often catch covid from stray particles but from the
         | person breathing next to you, which these filters can't help.
         | This study was in a hospital where everyone is wearing serious
         | PPE, so its a super edge case to get rid of covid in the air
         | because the main use case of catching covid has been handle by
         | plain old PPE.
         | 
         | This doesn't have sweeping applicability. It won't stop covid
         | among the general population. Its for maybe hospitals that are
         | on super covid lockdown that want a little more protection for
         | their most vulnerable patients.
         | 
         | We get rid of covid through mass vaccination like any other
         | virus. There's no shortcuts for those who refuse masks and
         | vaccines.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | > "This study suggests that HEPA air cleaners, which remain
       | little-used in Canadian hospitals,
       | 
       | What, they are "little used"? I'd assume that's the first place
       | that would have adopted them. So strange how some hospitals
       | operate.
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | I suppose the cost of installation outweighed the minor
         | inconvenience of colds and flus spreading in the past. Only now
         | that we have a deadlier virus does it make sense.
        
           | trutannus wrote:
           | Most likely. Canada also has a habit of under-spending on
           | healthcare in general. The system is also hypersensitive to
           | political whims and can end up getting neglected as a result.
           | This is because the provinces have direct control over every
           | aspect of the healthcare system, and set the budget for them
           | directly.
           | 
           | Unlike other nations like Germany and Estonia, Canada's
           | healthcare system is fully dependent on the provincial
           | government to exist and be funded. If I'm not mistaken, in
           | the two countries I mentioned, clinics can get private
           | funding while providing universal access in most cases, which
           | means they have a larger buffer between the political whims
           | of the state, and their ability to provide service. If the
           | state under-provides, the clinics can seek investors to cover
           | the new costs, all the while maintaining universal coverage.
           | 
           | That's not something Canadians can do. Talk of any private
           | involvement, or restructuring in general, in Canada's
           | healthcare system is often very politically charged and not
           | particularly honest, so change is not happening any time
           | soon.
           | 
           | I suspect the issue here is that the hospitals know that
           | having HEPA filters would be a good idea, but political will
           | isn't there to give them what they need. Canadian politics on
           | both sides lately has been more about the appearance of
           | progress through large gestures, rather than careful
           | consideration of long term solutions. It's very unfortunate.
        
             | jleyank wrote:
             | Have you lived any length of time in Canada? If so, where?
             | While I have been fortunate enough to not have needed to go
             | to hospital, my dental office reopened after the initial
             | lockdown last year with a HEPA filter, doorway screen and
             | other paraphernalia which made each workarea look like a
             | clean room. And they shifted from water to air-driven
             | cleaning and dressed like sci-fi actors. I would imagine
             | the hospitals were similar due to the stress put upon them.
             | Anecdotally, my wife had a breathing test in hospital a few
             | days ago and they checked vaccination status and accepted
             | the mask she walked in with.
             | 
             | Given that the federal government is responsible for
             | funding much/most of the provincial health care system,
             | they have some input into how things operate. Most
             | provinces have a good handle on covid unless their
             | government went too deep into the "covid is over" bit
             | (Alberta, Saskatchewan). The covid response here was
             | delayed due to the need to secure vaccines from others, but
             | the end result has been quite good.
             | 
             | I have lived all over N America, and the
             | freedom/flexibility of the Canadian health system has been
             | better than anywhere except St. Louis, MO when I was there
             | - and that required full-time employment.
        
               | trutannus wrote:
               | > Have you lived any length of time in Canada?
               | 
               | Yes, I am a Canadian. I lived there for 25 years. I have
               | Canadian citizenship. Most of my family still lives
               | there. I also ended up stuck in Ontario for most of
               | COVID. I have family in Ontario, in Quebec, and elsewhere
               | in the country. I don't think Ontario had a very good
               | handle on COVID. It's also no secret that Canada is
               | suffering a major staffing, and funding shortage in the
               | healthcare sector right now.
               | 
               | While most of your reply is about dentists (I'll get to
               | that later), I see you're comparing Canada's healthcare
               | system to the USA. I'm not. Compared to other systems in
               | NA, yes, it's much better since it's free and somewhat
               | fair. But that's the problem. Canadians should be looking
               | to other developed nations with public healthcare. Not to
               | the United States which operates on a completely
               | different paradigm. My comment that you're replying to is
               | entirely contrasting Canadian healthcare with EU systems,
               | not Americans.
               | 
               | > dental office reopened
               | 
               | The majority of dentists are private entities, and are
               | not subject to the same funding rules as hospitals.
               | They're not licensed through the same entities, funded,
               | or managed in the same way at all. Likely why they were
               | able to adapt so quickly. See: https://www.cda-
               | adc.ca/stateoforalhealth/servicescanada/
               | 
               | > [..] they checked vaccination status and accepted the
               | mask she walked in with.
               | 
               | I'm not really sure what you're getting at here, this
               | does not really relate to funding, or anything I'm
               | talking about really. This is more about safety policy,
               | not funding, which is what I'm trying to discuss.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, I've had some good experiences with
               | the system as well, but that does not mean it shouldn't
               | _significantly improved_.
        
               | jleyank wrote:
               | The masks might have been after seeing a different
               | comment, sorry. The problem with improving the system is
               | that 1/3 of the country seems to want the US system in
               | healthcare and probably (lots?) of other things. So it
               | goes. Re: Ontario, I was looking at Ottawa specifically,
               | the province generally and while it's "blessed" with a
               | Conservative premier he's taken more medical advice (or
               | indulged his populist leanings) more than other such
               | premiers. Canadians, for the most part, are willing to
               | play along which also helps.
        
         | overton wrote:
         | Early on in the pandemic, the Canadian IPAC (Infection Control
         | and Prevention) establishment came down hard against theories
         | of airborne COVID transmission, at first even going so far as
         | to not recommend masking. Even now that the science of airborne
         | transmission has been established, they're waging a rearguard
         | battle to obfuscate/deny it and airborne protections such as
         | better ventilation and masking. If you go to a Canadian
         | hospital wearing an N95 these days there's a good chance they
         | will insist you to take it off in favour of a "clean" surgical
         | mask with gaps around the sides and nose.
        
           | berberous wrote:
           | N95s often have exhaust filters which make a surgical mask
           | safer for everyone else around you.
        
           | coralreef wrote:
           | > If you go to a Canadian hospital wearing an N95 these days
           | there's a good chance they will insist you to take it off in
           | favour of a "clean" surgical mask with gaps around the sides
           | and nose.
           | 
           | Wouldn't that just be because of protocol, ie. they don't
           | know if you, a member of the public, actually have a legit
           | N95 mask, or if you know how to correctly implement it, etc.
        
             | agustif wrote:
             | Is a surgical-mask better than a fake N95 mask?
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | _actually have a legit N95 mask_
             | 
             | Incidentally, if you want to validate 3M N95 masks, 3M has
             | a web site for that.[1] You type in the code on the bottom
             | of the box and 3M checks it. You can only do this once per
             | code; the site will tell you if a valid code has been used
             | before. They suggest signing and dating the box after doing
             | this, to indicate that check has been done.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/worker-health-safety-
             | us/3m-safeg...
        
           | jbay808 wrote:
           | > If you go to a Canadian hospital wearing an N95 these days
           | there's a good chance they will insist you to take it off in
           | favour of a "clean" surgical mask with gaps around the sides
           | and nose.
           | 
           | Happened to me many times. Sometimes they let me wear it over
           | my (certified) N95, sometimes they don't.
        
           | jdsully wrote:
           | Having some experience with hospitals and N95 they asked that
           | we put a surgical mask over the one we came with. Pointless
           | and unnecessary but I guess it's easier than having staff
           | validate the mask your wearing.
           | 
           | They never required we remove a mask.
        
           | makomk wrote:
           | Airborne transmission and the usefulness of filters still
           | doesn't seem that clearly established - this study didn't
           | find that much virus in the air even without the filters, and
           | most of the real-world transmission seems to involve people
           | who were directly exposed to virus particles before they even
           | had a chance to go through a filter, via standing next to
           | someone or directly in an airflow path coming from their
           | direction.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | thanks for pointing this out. it gets lost in the fervor of
             | trying to "fight the virus". most of our interventions are
             | useless, and yet, we still insist on doing them. the virus
             | just isn't aloft and active for very long. that's why the
             | most dangerous activity is _close conversation_ , something
             | we tend to do around people we know well (friends &
             | family), not strangers in public.
        
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