[HN Gopher] Solar-powered aircraft flown for nearly three weeks ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Solar-powered aircraft flown for nearly three weeks without landing
        
       Author : OJFord
       Score  : 233 points
       Date   : 2021-10-11 15:49 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (eandt.theiet.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (eandt.theiet.org)
        
       | hellohntoday wrote:
       | I'm assuming the flights were achieved mid summer when they days
       | are longest and it can't yet operate outside this window.
       | 
       | If this is the case, shame they don't just admit this up front
        
         | phnofive wrote:
         | Perhaps they are aware of eatrh's axis and will move operations
         | to the southern hemisphere? Or adjust the drone's speed to stay
         | in sunlight?
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | > Or adjust the drone's speed to stay in sunlight?
           | 
           | Depending on altitude, that would require an awfully fast
           | aircraft.
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | They ran the 18 day flight test in September, so not the dead
         | of winter, but also not on the longest summer days:
         | 
         |  _A solar-powered aircraft has completed an 18-day test flight
         | offering hope it could be used to create internet access for
         | billions of unconnected people around the world...The test
         | flight touched down in Arizona on September 13._
         | 
         | https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/the-americas/2021/10/1...
         | 
         | Phoenix has about 12.5 hours of daylight on Sept 13th.
         | (compared to ~14.5 hours on June 21st, ~10 hours on Dec 21st.
        
       | GhostVII wrote:
       | What's the benefit over something like a weather balloon?
       | 
       | Pretty interesting thought, tape a few hundred micro SD cards to
       | it and you've got some impressive bandwidth.
        
         | brandmeyer wrote:
         | Google's Titan project was going to deliver internet service
         | (... _before it got strangled in the womb grumble grumble_
         | ...). LTE from aircraft to client, and a dedicated point-to-
         | point radio from aircraft to backbone.
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | You can tell this where to go - weather balloons are utterly
         | beholden to the whim of wind patterns.
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | I thought that you could somewhat control a balloon by using
           | different wind patterns in different elevations.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvJ2Ei8K2DI
        
           | bentcorner wrote:
           | ?Por que no los dos?
           | 
           | It looks like solar-powered zeppelins are a thing, although
           | with the brief googling I did it looks like nothing really
           | exists just yet.
        
           | GhostVII wrote:
           | Yea I guess I was more thinking of a kind of blimp, where it
           | still has some solar to allow it to maneuver around, but not
           | to actually stay up.
           | 
           | If the aircraft needs to stay in one place maybe that would
           | be less efficient though, since it would be harder to fight
           | winds.
        
       | jcun4128 wrote:
       | The wing tips look wicked, not sure if necessary
        
       | laurent92 wrote:
       | Isn't taxi-takeoff-landing what consumes the most energy? It's
       | often 10% to 25% of the total flight consumption for supersonic
       | planes like the Concorde (but not for the SR-71, since they
       | refueled in-flight to fill the rest with inert gas
       | https://theaviationgeekclub.com/former-sr-71-driver-explains...
       | ), and still a lot for the other planes.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Based on your percentages then, I think you mean most per unit
         | time? So then, given three weeks far exceeds normal flight time
         | (by more than 1/25%)...
        
       | elif wrote:
       | I like the optimism of the article but I can't help but believe
       | that the primary purchasers of this capability will be armies and
       | spies.
        
       | fredliu wrote:
       | Wasn't Facebook working on a similar project (Aquila)?
        
         | wanderingstan wrote:
         | Yes, it was cancelled in 2018:
         | https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/26/facebook-permanently-groun...
        
       | akozak wrote:
       | Doesn't appear to have a payload in the picture. That would add
       | weight & power draw.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | First communications satellites were just passive reflectors.
         | They were just big inflated balloons made with reflective
         | material.
         | 
         | Same idea could work with solar powered aircraft.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAGEOS
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Echo
        
       | not-my-account wrote:
       | "Airbus ultimately believes that the aircraft could remain
       | airborne for "months at a time" and could provide internet to
       | both commercial and military customers."
       | 
       | What sort of power requirements would this bring? I assume that
       | it would be more sophisticated than just dumping RF energy
       | indiscriminately across a huge area.
        
       | zarazas wrote:
       | But there is starlink for internet in rural areas
        
         | onychomys wrote:
         | Sure, but even if these planes managed to somehow cost as much
         | as a starlink satellite, it'd still be cheaper to do it this
         | way because having some dude toss it up into the air for
         | takeoff is basically free compared to even a fully reusable
         | Starship flight.
        
       | kbenson wrote:
       | They're hoping to get six months flight eventually out of a
       | propeller craft. I can't help but wonder what we could eventually
       | get out of a solid state craft.[1] They mention batteries in this
       | article when referencing that six months target, but I have to
       | assume servicing the propellers is important as well.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.engineering.com/story/how-the-worlds-first-
       | solid...
        
         | Asmod4n wrote:
         | You got a small typo there.
        
           | kbenson wrote:
           | Lol, thanks. :)
        
       | bagels wrote:
       | To fly through the night, you need energy. I'm wondering if it's
       | more efficient to store it in the batteries, or as stored kinetic
       | energy by flying to a high altitude and descending through the
       | night.
        
         | teraflop wrote:
         | It's a good idea, in principle. But according to the sources I
         | could find, to get enough gravitational potential energy to
         | equal the electrical capacity of Zephyr's batteries, you'd have
         | to lift the entire craft by about 70km.
         | 
         | https://www.aviationpros.com/engines-components/aircraft-air...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_Zephyr
         | 
         | I can imagine you'd want to take advantage of gravity to a
         | certain extent, but it seems a bit tricky to estimate how much.
         | Presumably there's a particular altitude at which the
         | aircraft's overall efficiency is at a maximum. Deviating from
         | this altitude allows you to store a bit of extra energy (which
         | means you can get away with a smaller battery) but you don't
         | want to deviate too far, or you'll lose more energy to various
         | inefficiencies than you're saving. And you probably need to
         | keep some electrical reserve power anyway, in order to be able
         | to actively navigate away from unfavorable winds.
        
           | kbenson wrote:
           | There's also the fact that this is optimizing for power usage
           | in the air, when really what we'll want to optimize for most
           | likely is power usage while _doing some specific task_ in the
           | air, and that task may necessitate specifics of what
           | altitudes it can function at.
        
         | Ph0X wrote:
         | Assuming you didn't care about the path, could you also take
         | some optimal path where you go east to west to prolong the
         | days, then go west to east to shorten the nights. Could
         | probably play with south/north too depending on the time of the
         | year to get longer days. Or maybe you can go far enough to the
         | pole where it's always day.
        
       | gusgordon wrote:
       | For those curious about the physics of these aircraft, here's an
       | analysis I did of the same concept. The goal is to determine the
       | smallest aircraft configuration that can indefinitely sustain
       | flight: https://github.com/gusgordon/atmospheric_satellite#readme
        
         | onychomys wrote:
         | Is there a reason you optimized the amount of starting energy
         | in the battery? I know basically nothing about how solar power
         | works, but surely you'd just fill the battery up to 100% with
         | an extension cord on the ground before launching it?
        
           | mkr-hn wrote:
           | Batteries are heavier when fully charged. Takeoff weight
           | matters. It's not much heavier, but it might be enough to
           | affect things at this scale.
           | 
           | edit: remember the context. This is about an abstract
           | optimization to find the minimum viable aircraft.
        
             | rrss wrote:
             | what kind of batteries are meaningfully heavier when
             | charged? are you just talking about like E/c^2?
        
               | luma wrote:
               | Gas tanks :D
        
               | jermaustin1 wrote:
               | A water/gravity battery comes to mind. Definitely not the
               | answer you are looking for, but an answer none the less.
        
               | enchiridion wrote:
               | Depends on your definitions. Is the water pumped
               | considered part of the battery before it's elevated?
        
               | jermaustin1 wrote:
               | The pumping of the water would be "charging" the barrel
               | of water, I guess.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | I'm sure this will work great for powering an aircraft,
               | too. You could just let it all hang from an anchor at the
               | highest point in the battery :-P
        
             | spijdar wrote:
             | I can't tell if this is satire or not, but taken in good
             | faith, how?
             | 
             | A fully charged battery would necessarily have more mass
             | than a fully depleted battery, but the difference should be
             | so tiny as to be immeasurable. Or am I wrong? We're
             | essentially talking about the sum weight of a bunch of
             | electrons, which are extremely light. There's no other
             | exchange of matter going on when charging/discharging a
             | battery, just the creation/destruction of chemical bonds,
             | and associated movement of electrons.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | A battery doesn't have a static charge. When it
               | discharges, electrons move from one side to the other,
               | then back through the batter, and you modify which atoms
               | have which elections. But it continues to have no static
               | charge.
               | 
               | However it has less potential energy. And therefore you
               | change mass by the mass associated with that potential
               | energy.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | luma wrote:
             | I can't tell if you're being serious. You are _technically_
             | correct, but also incredibly wrong in suggesting that the
             | increased weight would be substantial enough to impact
             | anything measurable. Depending on the size and capacity of
             | the cell, you might see a difference due to general
             | relativity on the order of nanograms.
             | 
             | see:
             | https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/34421/does-
             | the-m...
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | A nanogram saved is a nanogram earned.
        
           | gusgordon wrote:
           | Good question. One requirement for the aircraft in this
           | optimization is that they must have more energy in the
           | battery than they did 24 hours prior. If the aircraft started
           | at full energy, they wouldn't ever be able to satisfy this
           | requirement, so that's why it's an independent variable.
           | 
           | For example, an aircraft could "start" at 50% battery state
           | of charge, then charge to 95% over the course of the day,
           | then come back 24 hours later at 51%, and that would be
           | valid. There are other ways around this, but this is what I
           | came up with at the time.
           | 
           | This is similar to why the starting altitude is allowed to
           | float. The gravitational potential energy of the aircraft can
           | be used as another "battery", but the aircraft is only a
           | valid solution if it's not losing altitude over the course of
           | 24 hours.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | Maybe it helps surface how much charge is required to climb
           | to altitude vs how much charge is required to sustain it?
           | This may also help surface how much of a buffer you may have
           | in takeoff time in order to survive night. E.g. if you
           | require 100% charge then it's likely you have to take off at
           | a fairly specific time of day.
        
         | algo_trader wrote:
         | nice analysis
         | 
         | Is it feasible to operate these at lower altitudes?
         | 
         | e.g. can we have solar/air drones posted every 100 miles of
         | interstate highway?!
        
           | gusgordon wrote:
           | Yes it's a lot easier at lower altitudes since you can get
           | more lift, but you might run into some extra regulatory
           | issues with that :)
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | I would love a low cost electric ultralight.
        
       | jack_riminton wrote:
       | " It is a sustainable, solar-powered, ISR and network-extending
       | solution that can provide vital future connectivity and earth
       | observation to where it is needed"
       | 
       | This military-industrial style of English always sounds very odd
       | and is ubiquitous with these companies. Is it because they're
       | selling to Military buyers?
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | Complete outsider doubt: Does this has the potential to replace
       | satellites? Or, why did google project loon failed?
        
         | elif wrote:
         | A craft like this is more likely to serve
         | predator/reaper/sentinel missions. Particularly ones in
         | locations you don't want the aesthetics of full state
         | surveilance but still want the same operational capacity.
        
       | Tade0 wrote:
       | Not mentioned in the article, but the li-ion batteries onboard
       | the aircraft have a silicon nanowire anode thus achieving amazing
       | energy density:
       | 
       | https://www.amprius.com/2019/10/airbus-partners-with-amprius...
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Do you know what sort of density and discharge rates they're
         | talking?
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | I wonder how the engine can keep operating for such long periods
       | of time without maintenance!
        
         | endymi0n wrote:
         | This stuff is pretty sturdy. The lifetime of brushless electric
         | motors used in this kind of dirtless environment is basically
         | the lifetime of the bearing used and can usually be measured in
         | years of nonstop operation without any modification already.
        
       | JCM9 wrote:
       | In 1958 two guys flew a Cessna 172 nonstop for 64 days without
       | landing. They refueled mid-air via a truck that drove under them
       | during a low pass.
        
         | hodgesrm wrote:
         | Good Lord, what an adventure! Thank you for posting!! I had no
         | idea about this flight.
         | 
         | Here's an account that popped up on Google.
         | 
         | https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2008/march/01/e...
        
         | markl42 wrote:
         | how did they um...."defuel" their bodies and such in the air?
        
           | philk10 wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18158207
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Summary: they pooped into plastic bags and tossed them
             | overboard.
        
         | orzig wrote:
         | Even more impressive, they did it before audiobooks!
        
         | njovin wrote:
         | I had never heard of this record until now. Cross-country
         | flying in small planes like this can be incredibly tedious and
         | the refueling sounds very dangerous. I can't imagine doing it
         | for this long. Apparently, neither can the guy who did it:
         | 
         | > When asked by a reporter if he would ever replicate the
         | stunt, Cook replied: "Next time I feel in the mood to fly
         | endurance, I'm going to lock myself in a garbage can with the
         | vacuum cleaner running, and have Bob serve me T-bone steaks
         | chopped up in a thermos bottle. That is, until my psychiatrist
         | opens for business in the morning."
         | 
         | Source: https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/airborne-
         | for-64-day...
        
       | sokoloff wrote:
       | Related (in at least one dimension):
       | https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/airborne-for-64-day...
       | 
       | Cessna 172 flown for 64 days, 22 hours, 19 minutes and 5 seconds.
        
         | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
         | The linked article on that page is broken. I'm guessing he
         | somehow refueled in flight?
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | Yes. Also added oil.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Yes. They flew low and slow over a long, straight road and
           | refueled from a truck that kept pace with them.
           | 
           | https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-
           | news/2008/march/pilo...
           | 
           | > A Ford truck, donated by Cashman Auto in Las Vegas, was
           | outfitted with a fuel pump, tank, and other paraphernalia
           | required to support the aircraft in flight. When fuel was
           | required, a rendezvous would be arranged on a stretch of
           | straight road in the desert near Blythe, California. An
           | electric winch lowered a hook, the fuel pump hose was picked
           | up, and Timm or Cook inserted it into the belly tank. It took
           | a little more than three minutes to fill the belly tank.
           | 
           | > The total fuel capacity of the airplane was 142 gallons.
           | Plans called for refueling twice daily. Sometimes weather or
           | the inevitable glitches upset the schedule, and a new
           | rendezvous was worked out by radio. This activity was
           | repeated more than 128 times.
           | 
           | The whole article is worth a read; it was quite the hairy
           | sounding endeavour. Two months in a C-172 would kill me, I'm
           | quite certain.
        
           | belthesar wrote:
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20120429214314/http://www.airspa.
           | ..
           | 
           | Haven't read it to find the answer to your question yet, but
           | bless the Internet Archive
        
         | sologoub wrote:
         | > When asked by a reporter if he would ever replicate the
         | stunt, Cook replied: "Next time I feel in the mood to fly
         | endurance, I'm going to lock myself in a garbage can with the
         | vacuum cleaner running, and have Bob serve me T-bone steaks
         | chopped up in a thermos bottle. That is, until my psychiatrist
         | opens for business in the morning."
         | 
         | ROLF!!!
        
           | mr337 wrote:
           | I think he sums this up nicely. What a feat!
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_172 :
         | 
         | "From December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959, Robert Timm and
         | John Cook set the world record for (refueled) flight endurance
         | in a used Cessna 172, registration number N9172B. They took off
         | from McCarran Airfield in Las Vegas, Nevada, and landed back at
         | McCarran Airfield after 64 days, 22 hours, 19 minutes and 5
         | seconds in flight. The flight was part of a fund-raising effort
         | for the Damon Runyon Cancer Fund.[14][15]"
        
         | j245 wrote:
         | Neat - but not interesting from a technological stand point.
        
           | andrepew wrote:
           | Over 1500 hours of continuous operation is quite a feat.
           | Components like magnetos have service schedules much shorter
           | than that.
           | 
           | This also ignores all the unexpected issues that pop up in
           | aviation. My only experience with Cessna 172s are rentals
           | which are treated like crap - those planes need something
           | looked at like every 50 hours.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Is it not? I don't imagine such sustained flight, continuous
           | operation of all the equipment and engine for so long,
           | would've been a design consideration.
           | 
           | Presumably there's a number, I just doubt it's tens of days,
           | so isn't it _interesting_ that it was achieved?
        
             | j245 wrote:
             | This record was set ~3 months after someone else did it for
             | 50 days.
             | 
             | From an engineering stand point, performance of components
             | or materials are always assumed to be much worse than
             | actual and the forces / conditions they are subject to
             | overestimated, with further factors of safety applied on
             | top. This is how it should be. It also means properly
             | designed things will carry on working better than you
             | expect (on average).
             | 
             | It's not interesting (to me) from a technological stand
             | point compared to the solar UAV because flying up and down
             | the same road with a truck refuelling you is not useful,
             | and if others (e.g. Military, NASA) could be bothered to do
             | it - they would probably do a better job relatively easily.
             | 
             | To me - It's the same as building the worlds longest domino
             | trail. You could beat the previous record by 1 million
             | dominos which is neat but.. what have you proven, and why
             | does it matter ?
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | > This record was set ~3 months after someone else did it
               | for 50 days.
               | 
               | Fair enough, I didn't know about that, I'd have been _as_
               | interested to hear about either of them first, and like
               | you not so much the other second. (And I doubt the
               | commenter that shared it meant it as  'wow look 64
               | compared to 50' either.)
        
         | cornellwright wrote:
         | You can see the aircraft used at the Las Vegas airport. It says
         | "Hacienda Hotel" on the side and I think it's hanging over
         | baggage claim.
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | Probably/unfortunately not really a Starlink competitor, right?
       | 
       | They don't specify the "cruising" altitude, but I assume it's ~10
       | kilometers at most, probably less?
       | 
       | Airbus would need quite a few of these in order to build a global
       | internet connectivity service then.
       | 
       | Edit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_Zephyr says ~20 km.
       | 
       | Starlink sats (will) operate at ~540-570 km:
       | 
       | https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/04/29/spacex-launches-60-mor...
        
         | rlt wrote:
         | They would have the advantage of variable density based on
         | demand, i.e. more of them over population centers and none over
         | oceans, whereas LEO satellite constellations are pretty
         | uniformly distributed because they're orbiting.
         | 
         | It's sort of in between a stationary cell tower and LEO
         | satellite constellation.
         | 
         | But then you have to worry about them failing and hitting those
         | population centers, whereas satellites deorbit slowly and
         | usually burn up completely.
        
         | Ottolay wrote:
         | The U2 operated at over 20km, so maybe the altitude is higher.
         | 
         | I suspect the greater issue is vehicle cost, lifetime, and
         | safety. A starlink satellite is much smaller (and as result
         | cheaper) and is rumored to have a 5+ year lifetime. Also, at
         | end of life it burns up in the atmosphere. No worry about
         | pushing the life on a component and having it crash and kill
         | someone as a result.
        
           | elif wrote:
           | Glide based efficiency crafts absolutely need thick
           | atmosphere. They don't have supersonic jets.
        
             | Ottolay wrote:
             | The U2 was subsonic. Also, un-powered gliders can get up to
             | impressive altitudes.
             | 
             | https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-
             | releases/en/2018/09/ai...
        
               | JackFr wrote:
               | > The unmanned glider, which is powered by two small
               | propellers,
               | 
               | I'm confused by the article and the above comment. Isn't
               | a glider by definition unpowered?
        
           | runarberg wrote:
           | I'm a bit puzzled by the economy here. Is creating, lunching
           | and orbiting a satellite really cheaper then flying an
           | airplane? Is it really cheaper to have a decommissioned
           | satellite totally burn up in the atmosphere then reusing
           | parts of an airplane to fix another, recycle unusable parts
           | and put the rest in a landfill?
           | 
           | The economics here just seem wrong.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | USD2021$15M per Falcon 9 launch (re-used, assuming first
             | launch was paid for by a customer) [0]
             | 
             | 60 Starlink satellites per Falcon 9 launch [1]
             | 
             | = + USD2021$250,000 in launch costs per satellite (+
             | manufacturing / ops costs)
             | 
             | [0] https://www.elonx.net/how-much-does-it-cost-to-launch-
             | a-reus...
             | 
             | [1] https://space4peace.org/starlink-gears-up-to-launch-
             | nearly-1...
        
               | Ottolay wrote:
               | As a reference a new Cessna 172 is $432,000 [1] and that
               | is not a high tech aircraft.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.forbes.com/sites/erictegler/2021/04/28/pr
               | ices-fo...
        
               | runarberg wrote:
               | This feels like comparing potatoes and pineapples.
               | 
               | A _new_ Cessna vs a _used_ Falcon 9 _launch_ hardly seems
               | like a fair comparison. The cost of the rocket is written
               | off as externalized. The actual satellites are not
               | factored in at all. Really what we are comparing here is
               | the cost of an operation vs the cost of an airplane. The
               | economics still seem dubious.
        
               | rlt wrote:
               | On top of this, if Starship is successful ("fully and
               | rapidly reusable") it could bring the launch cost down
               | another order of magnitude.
               | 
               | And because Starlink is building thousands of satellites
               | it has economies of scale that no previous
               | satellite/spacecraft had.
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | [EDIT] remove redundant info
         | 
         | > Airbus would need quite a few of these in order to build a
         | global internet connectivity service then.
         | 
         | Yes it would require more units, but with a much smaller cost
         | per unit for build, launch and maintenance. That's where it
         | will start to get interesting: Which will have the lowest cost
         | per GB, per user, per square km of coverage etc?
         | 
         | I suspect even if it's cheaper it would still remain less
         | global, since having massive swarms of these would probably be
         | even more of a logistical nightmare than starlink. i.e they
         | would supplement other technology... which is pretty much what
         | Airbus is quoted suggesting in the article.
        
         | Gravityloss wrote:
         | You wouldn't need that many. The line of sight area has 300 km
         | radius. There's even a precedent.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovision
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | These planes can compete with Starlink in certain scenarios,
         | for example you can launch them in the event of floods that
         | knock out the regular telecommunications infrastructure.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | With Starlink soon having ~global coverage, why bother
           | transporting, launching and servicing these aircraft for a
           | one time thing? I don't see the benefit. Will also be really
           | hard to reach low prices for end user terminals with this
           | approach.
           | 
           | Very high quality visual/signals surveillance seems like a
           | much more obvious market fit.
        
             | btilly wrote:
             | First, Starlink has limited bandwidth per square mile.
             | Therefore it cannot conceivably provide telecommunications
             | for densely populated areas.
             | 
             | Second, all you have to do is make these aircraft
             | compatible with cell phones. So your target population
             | already has "end user terminals" literally in hand.
             | 
             | Third, this is not a one-time need. Local disasters happen
             | fairly regularly, and sometimes can be predicted in
             | advance. (For example hurricanes.) There is real value to
             | an instant telecommunications network that can be deployed
             | on short notice.
             | 
             | Now I don't claim that this is actually economically
             | viable. But it is not exactly crazy, either.
        
               | tpmx wrote:
               | Pretty good points. Starlink can't do 2G/3G/4G/5G with
               | mobile phones on the ground, ~550+ km away, of course.
               | 
               | They should probably look into partnering with e.g.
               | Ericsson Response (https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-
               | us/sustainability-and-corp...).
        
             | kbenson wrote:
             | > Very high quality visual/signals surveillance seems like
             | a much more obvious market fit.
             | 
             | Oh, yeah, there are already companies the provide complete
             | surveillance of cities or large areas of cities so that
             | even if a crime scene is discovered hours or days later,
             | they can just go back to that time and track vehicle
             | movement to and from the crime scene to wherever it ends up
             | as long as it's in the same (large) area.
             | 
             | Reducing the cost of the equipment that does the recording
             | of the area will only make it more accessible to more
             | police departments, for better or worse.
        
       | stareatgoats wrote:
       | This is great and points to how solar in some cases already can
       | facilitate continuous operation without the need for refueling of
       | planes, boats, cars, you name it. Expect this to grow as battery
       | and solar cell tech develops further.
       | 
       | My favorites atm are the yachts that are capable of sailing just
       | about anywhere in the world without a drop of fuel. The price is
       | prohibitive, but considering that you might not need a house
       | anymore it is actually getting close to possible for a reasonably
       | senior tech employee.
       | 
       | [full disclosure: no affiliation]
       | 
       | https://www.azura-marine.com/aquanima-45/
       | 
       | https://www.silent-yachts.com/silent60/
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | I've always been kinda fascinated by this solar yacht concept.
         | 
         | I wonder now with post-covid remote working options and
         | starlink if you could actually make it work.
         | 
         | I do wonder though if sailing the ship is basically a full-time
         | job in itself (navigation channels? Docking at foreign
         | countries? Getting food etc?).
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | I thought starlink didnt work for mobile connections? I.e.
           | that it had to be registered and operated at a fixed address.
           | 
           | That said, unless you are able to drop anchors, I am guessing
           | that you would spend most of your working hours at a dock or
           | with a partner piloting instead.
        
             | noitpmeder wrote:
             | I believe this is only temporary and SpaceX has announced
             | plans to roll out different subscription plans (including
             | roaming) in the future.
        
             | baybal2 wrote:
             | > I thought starlink didnt work for mobile connections?
             | 
             | It will not work either far away from the shore.
        
               | noitpmeder wrote:
               | Again I have to believe this is only a temporary
               | restriction.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | SpaceX are launching satellites with ("frickin") lasers
               | now. So, if you are in the middle of the ocean, your
               | packets step between satellites on the same orbit,
               | forward or back, until they get in range of a node. First
               | actual use is for polar service.
               | 
               | On certain routes, packets will be artificially delayed
               | so that high-speed traders can pay big bucks to get their
               | packets through first, ahead of fiber. And, maybe pay
               | even bigger bucks to prevent their competitors from
               | getting their packets through as fast. Imagine tiered
               | pricing, where each millisecond ahead of the rest of the
               | pack is ten times the price.
               | 
               | So, for example, orbits inclined near 70 degrees pass
               | near New York and London/Frankfurt. Packets going by
               | satellite laser links can get there many milliseconds
               | ahead of those poking along on subsea fiber. Somebody in
               | London who finds out 10 ms before everyone else about a
               | price change in New York gets to make a killing trading
               | on the exclusive information.
        
               | dragonsky67 wrote:
               | There is a whole world there I do not know and don't
               | really want to. What a strange world we live in.
        
           | Stevvo wrote:
           | I have a 38' steel sloop with 400w of solar + a wind
           | generator on-board.
           | 
           | I'm not a full-time liveaboard, but I have been on-board for
           | the last couple of months and you can definitely make it
           | work.
           | 
           | Sailing is labor intensive, but not in the ways you imagine.
           | Navigation, docking and provisioning are all straightforward.
           | 
           | Where it can sometimes feel like a full-time job is
           | maintenance. Everything on a boat wants to break all the
           | time. Doesn't matter if the vessel is brand new or 40 years
           | old; finding a balance between maintenance and life is
           | difficult.
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | I learned a few years ago about barnacles, which by virtue
             | of being unaerodynamic and super heavy if you let them form
             | huge colonies on the bottom of your ship, can decrease fuel
             | efficiency severely. I saw how much work maintanence was, I
             | said 'nope!' I guess a house is similar in some ways.
             | Shingles don't last forever, pipes get corroded. The salty
             | sea though, it's a bit more unkind to things, aye?
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | At least with a house the timeline is long and it's easy
               | to hire someone to do it for you. Even galvanized pipes
               | last 40-50 years without much problem, and newer pex
               | pipes may last indefinitely. Roofs are 25+ years.
        
               | llbeansandrice wrote:
               | Not soaking your house in salt water really helps with
               | longevity I've found
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Why wouldn't you use the wind energy also? It's a lot of fun,
         | readily available and a lot cheaper...
        
           | oefnak wrote:
           | The second link of the parent comment describes a optional
           | automatic parasail tug.
        
           | jjcm wrote:
           | From the images on the site it looks like it deploys a
           | sailing kite in addition to the solar powered engines.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | Oh hi jjcim. Another cool research project from where I
             | used to work. [0] Back in the day, the development building
             | had a great view of the runway during the Farnborough air
             | show and my pals on the Zephyr project would give me a
             | shout if anything interesting was taking off.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_Zephyr
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Sails have several major downsides, most notably they take up
           | a lot of deck space and cause a boat to tilt to the side. If
           | you're regularly sailing long distances it's much faster but
           | top speed isn't that big of a deal when your living on the
           | boat full time.
           | 
           | Other options like kites and wind turbines can work well but
           | they all all significant upfront costs as well as ongoing
           | maintenance issues. Spending that same money on a bigger boat
           | gets you much more space, and of course a generator can give
           | you redundancy or higher top speeds.
        
             | jws wrote:
             | _...cause a boat to tilt to the side..._
             | 
             | This is a net positive. The alternative is to roll back and
             | forth with the waves. It's much nicer with the sail up and
             | ata bit of a heel.
             | 
             | Also, just to throw this in, one of the world cruising
             | sailing couples which wrote for the magazines switched to a
             | diesel powered boat as they aged and found that they spent
             | less of fuel than they had on new sails. Sails are
             | consumables if you care about performance.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | Interesting last point...curious why is that? Do they get
               | battered from weather and physically tear, or do they
               | just stretch/thin over time?
        
               | lstodd wrote:
               | The alternative is a catamaran.
               | 
               | Your point on the diesels still stands. Properly designed
               | cats are unsinkable and don't readily capsize, but not
               | weathering a storm is worth every penny invested in
               | diesels. Besides one needs them in marinas anyway.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | Electrical engines are more and more becoming a thing,
               | especially for sail boats, where they server more for
               | harbor and anchoring than covering distances.
        
             | Fiahil wrote:
             | > Sails have several major downsides[..]
             | 
             | Yes, but it makes less noise.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | Also less disturbing to the ecosystem below than a prop.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | >top speed isn't that big of a deal when your living on the
             | boat full time.//
             | 
             | If you're living on your boat 365 then I imagine avoiding
             | severe weather becomes more important?
        
               | bumbada wrote:
               | This is the reason Weather reports and forecast are so
               | important for people on boats.
               | 
               | Most people living in boats actually live on ports and
               | don't get very far from the coast most of the time.
        
         | Stevvo wrote:
         | You know, sailing catamarans are a thing, right?
         | 
         | Wind is more consistent than sunshine.
        
           | stareatgoats wrote:
           | Sure, I know sailing catamarans well (via Youtube vids mostly
           | admittedly). But I switched drooling focus when these things
           | started appearing- I suspect they will eventually displace
           | many if not most other boat types (albeit not in my
           | lifetime), possibly using hydrogen (not battery packs) as
           | energy storage. Sunshine is not required if I understand it
           | correctly. No wear and tear on the sails, not dependent on
           | winds to go from point a to b, more like driving than
           | sailing, except no pollution, no noise.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | anyone else think it would be super damn fun building solar
         | floating homes like this?
        
           | pcardoso wrote:
           | A local company does this, but they are intended to be mostly
           | stationary.
           | 
           | https://www.waterlilyboats.com
        
           | mariusseufzer wrote:
           | I'd be down haha - When do we start?
        
             | agustif wrote:
             | If sea levels keep rising a lot of coasting could be like
             | this.
             | 
             | In the netherlands they have flaoting houses in the canals,
             | but stationary AFAIK
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | There's a couple living on a cheap ass floating tent/home
             | (it literally uses barrels to float) in Sweden I think.
             | Pretty cool. Also narrow boats in England are cheap and
             | rather nice. Could start there.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/jljkK9HMa44
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | You definitely want to try an English narrowboat before you
             | start. I know people that have done this; it's romantic,
             | but at its least romantic you're living in a not very well
             | insulated damp trailer.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | I'm on board mine now! I guess the theoretical benefit of
               | the seagoing version is your roof space isn't constrained
               | by the size of English locks so you might actually be
               | able to fit enough solar to power the vessel. That and
               | find good weather...
        
       | kwertyoowiyop wrote:
       | It's so depressing to read that one proposed mission for this
       | plane is...monitoring oil spills.
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
         | I worked on a satellite imaging startup. For this kind of stuff
         | usually oil and gas and large scale agriculture are the first
         | ones to show interest. They don't need great resolution or
         | revisit times and their assets span over very big areas so
         | monitoring from the ground/sea or with small drones is really
         | expensive.
        
           | esel2k wrote:
           | Depends on the appplication. An NDVI analysis or determining
           | vast crop / growth problems yes but if you want to check for
           | disease this is often done by drones to have higher
           | resolution. I could imagine doing regular field visits with
           | these planes and avoid the high labor costs of drone
           | management/flying.
           | 
           | Sources: I work in a big agtech company with satellite
           | imagery. PS: We should connect.
        
         | pythonaut_16 wrote:
         | Why is that depressing? Unless you have some silver bullet to
         | remove the need for oil or prevent any future oil spills it
         | seems like creating innovative technologies to detect them as
         | soon as possible is a good thing.
         | 
         | It would be like if someone developed a cheap, non-invasive
         | technology that could detect cancer extremely early, and then
         | you complained because they hadn't cured cancer instead.
        
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