[HN Gopher] Colorado 'solar garden' is a farm under solar panels
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Colorado 'solar garden' is a farm under solar panels
        
       Author : akeck
       Score  : 178 points
       Date   : 2021-11-14 15:55 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | The key part is:
       | 
       | > But he soon discovered that the shade from the towering panels
       | above the soil actually helped the plants thrive. That
       | intermittent shade also meant a lot less evaporation of coveted
       | irrigation water. And in turn the evaporation actually helped
       | keep the sun-baked solar panels cooler, making them more
       | efficient.
       | 
       | Solar panels are still way over hyped in a stupid marginalist
       | way, but polyculture has always been a good idea :).
        
         | poulsbohemian wrote:
         | > Solar panels are still way over hyped in a stupid marginalist
         | way
         | 
         | Talk more about this, I'd be very interested to understand your
         | thoughts
        
         | cedilla wrote:
         | Solar is hardly over-hyped. It has always over-delivered since
         | the first panels were built in the 19th century. No one
         | predicted such a success and so incredibly low prices even 20
         | years ago.
         | 
         | Could you explain what you mean by "hyped in a marginalist
         | way"?
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Building and shipping solar panels costs energy and material
           | resources.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | And in a 100% solar economy, the energy to build and ship
             | the panels would be solar. This is fine, as they output
             | enough energy to make themselves in 1-4 years depending on
             | which study you look at.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Using energy still generates heat, as per the laws of
               | thermodynamics.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | Converting sunlight to electric energy and then using
               | that energy generates the exact same amount of heat as if
               | that sunlight was simply absorbed by the ground without
               | the solar panel being in the way, as per the laws of
               | thermodynamics.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | That depends on albedo.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo
        
               | drdeca wrote:
               | Though, if the solar panels absorb more energy than the
               | ground, due to the ground reflecting more of the light,
               | that's still a little bit of difference, right?
               | 
               | (Not a knock on solar panels, I'm just being pedantic)
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Yes, and?
        
               | drdeca wrote:
               | Perhaps they are mixing up the "there is therefore a
               | maximum safe rate of worldwide energy use (however far
               | away we are from that)" point with the "CO2 emissions
               | from fossil fuels contribute to greenhouse effect" point,
               | and...
               | 
               | ok, I'm not sure either
        
             | Lio wrote:
             | That's true but it's also true for fossil and nuclear
             | fuels.
        
             | tsol wrote:
             | Doesn't everything? It's not an issue so long as across
             | it's life it results in less carbon production than
             | alternative sources do per kW
        
             | legulere wrote:
             | Which is accounted for by the energy payback time, which is
             | generally less than 5 years since the nineties: https://www
             | .bnl.gov/pv/files/pdf/PE_Magazine_Fthenakis_2_10_...
             | 
             | Current estimates are around 1 year for southern Europe and
             | 1.2 years for northern Europe: https://www.ise.fraunhofer.d
             | e/content/dam/ise/de/documents/p...
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | I've seen a lot of suggestions that solar can be used as the
           | only energy source for humanity, that we don't need anything
           | else, just build more solar!
           | 
           | That's not realistic. Of course, the limitations that solar
           | has are very much solvable, and having solar is better than
           | not having it. Solar is important, and it is our future.
           | 
           | But the solutions to solar's limitations seem to be in their
           | infancy (new types of storage), hard to scale (battery
           | storage), not really helpful (just build more coal and gas
           | peakers!) or not considered at all. Which does not inspire
           | confidence.
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | Yes, you could run a civilization entirely on solar if you
             | had a robust storage, conversion and distribution system.
             | 
             | After all, the entire fossil fuel reserves of planet Earth
             | were generated over time by photosynthesis, i.e. the solar-
             | powered capture of atmospheric carbon and its reduction to
             | the hydrocarbon state from the carbon dioxide state.
             | 
             | The problem is the scale of the effort needed to replace
             | current generation with solar generatioin. Practically, it
             | would take decades and a vast amount of work. However,
             | there are no technological barriers, and if the world had
             | exhausted its fossil fuel reserves in say, 1970 then we'd
             | already have much of the solar infrastructure in place.
             | 
             | As far as storage solutions, you can find dozens of
             | strategies. My favorite is using solar energy to capture
             | carbon for carbon fiber building materials, 'aerochemical'
             | products (as opposed to petrochemical) for industrial needs
             | (dyes, solvents, etc.) and of course RP1 jet/rocket
             | production. Clearly such an approach will be needed for
             | interplanetary travel as well (Mars seems to have enough
             | CO2 and H2O to make this viable).
             | 
             | It's not surprising that people are so poorly informed,
             | however, as the fossil fuel sector runs massive propaganda
             | operations targeting childhood education onwards.
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Not true. Check out https://model.energy
        
             | jluxenberg wrote:
             | Storage will be a solved problem once everyone has an
             | electric vehicle with a 65kWh battery sitting in their
             | garage. Power your home overnight from your car, then
             | recharge during the day when the sun comes out.
             | 
             | If you have a large home or need to always have a fully
             | charged car, spend $15k on a home battery.
             | 
             | We need to get out of this mindset that electric utilities
             | will provide unlimited power at a fixed price. With some
             | investment from individual homeowners we can reduce peak to
             | average ratios for utilities and make it much cheaper and
             | possible to use intermittent green energy sources like wind
             | and solar.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | The real idea is not using cars for storage but end of
               | life car batteries AND simply using the same factories
               | that make car batteries to make grid batteries. AND,
               | since vehicles will be a significant source of our
               | electricity demand, we can use them as "storage" simply
               | by not charging them at some times.
               | 
               | I think most people don't realize that V2G tech is old
               | (Chademo supported it, and older Leafs can already do it
               | natively, and they're about a decade old), but it's
               | expensive. You basically need a DC charger for every car
               | that will be doing V2G. Look up how much a DC charger is,
               | and you can get something like a dedicated Powerwall for
               | the same price...
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | > then recharge during the day when the sun comes out.
               | 
               | Unless you actually need the car during the day..
        
               | Valgrim wrote:
               | Then you buy a home battery, as he said?
        
               | Ma8ee wrote:
               | Then you get a separate battery. But the vast majority
               | only drives their car back and forth to work, so most of
               | the day the cars are just standing there and could be
               | charged.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > everyone has an electric vehicle with a 65kWh battery
               | sitting in their garage.
               | 
               | That's a solution I hope that neither I nor my children
               | live to see. It's a solution I hope never happens unless
               | a new battery technology arrives that for a start
               | eliminates our need to once again fuck over some very
               | poor countries in order to get our hands on rare
               | resources. Lithium battery tech is quite miraculous, but
               | it's also not appropriate as the basis for the entire
               | electrification of human civilization.
               | 
               | Also, lots of people will have neither cars nor garages.
        
               | Anchor wrote:
               | > unless a new battery technology arrives that for a
               | start eliminates our need to once again fuck over some
               | very poor countries
               | 
               | It is already here. Google LFP batteries.
        
               | adamparsons wrote:
               | I'm a big fan of LFP don't get me wrong, but it still
               | requires mining and refining lithium, which indeed does
               | fuck over the environment quite badly
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | https://nbcpalmsprings.com/2021/04/29/salton-sea-lithium-
               | gol...
               | 
               | I can't vouch for this of my own knowledge but as lithium
               | is such a light element it is sensible that it would be
               | easy to find and use.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | > We need to get out of this mindset that electric
               | utilities will provide unlimited power at a fixed price.
               | 
               | We already pay spot price here in Norway.
        
               | DavidPeiffer wrote:
               | How much variability do you see in spot prices? Are there
               | any alternatives?
               | 
               | It looks like 90%+ of electricity produced in Norway is
               | hydro, with fossil fuels only around 2% [1].
               | Hydroelectric plants are very quick to respond to changes
               | in demand.
               | 
               | From what I can see, it probably isn't a huge surprise
               | bill risk to the consumer compared to places like, say,
               | Texas.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in
               | _Norway
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | And large parts of Texas.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | >Storage will be a solved problem once everyone has an
               | electric vehicle with a 65kWh battery sitting in their
               | garage. Power your home overnight from your car, then
               | recharge during the day when the sun comes out.
               | 
               | Too bad you'll be driving to the office on business days.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | When the issue is "how do we generate enough power" it
               | doesn't really matter where the car is.
               | 
               | That just complicates distribution a little, but not a
               | whole lot.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | Battery storage seems eminently scalable compared to other
             | energy developments. A commodity that can be manufactured
             | in a factory and that we would need anyway for cars. Small
             | components that can be built into enclosures, and racked in
             | a container. And the sites are nice and simple. A fence,
             | some substation gear, a concrete pad.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | You see this quite a lot. There does come a point where
             | adding more solar ... when a certain percentage of your
             | production is already solar ... there comes a point where
             | more solar is a whole lot more expensive and less
             | reasonable.
             | 
             | But that's really more of a "80% of our power is solar"
             | problem and the US isn't even at 3%. The percentage of
             | usage which could be handled by solar is usually far
             | underestimated.
             | 
             | We don't need to care about limitations of solar for a long
             | long time.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | I agree, however your point about 3% isn't quite true.
               | Look at the last 12 months rolling and estimated total
               | solar and divide by total electricity and you get about
               | 3.7%:
               | 
               | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher
               | .ph...
        
             | youeseh wrote:
             | > But the solutions to solar's limitations seem to be in
             | their infancy
             | 
             | We're further along than you think.
        
             | rndgermandude wrote:
             | >But the solutions to solar's limitations seem to be in
             | their infancy (new types of storage), hard to scale
             | (battery storage), not really helpful (just build more coal
             | and gas peakers!) or not considered at all. Which does not
             | inspire confidence.
             | 
             | You're not wrong, but also not right. We have renewables
             | that run at night (wind, water, geo-thermal heat pumps), we
             | have some storage solutions/"batteries" as well, such as
             | pumping stations or water-based heat storage. And even
             | peakers that burn fuel are not that bad for the environment
             | if you only run them a limited time. Coal/gas peakers that
             | only run when needed would not kill the environment if the
             | main sources of energy production are renewable - a coal
             | plant burning only some nights is still a lot better than
             | one burning 24/7 - and peakers can be fueled by renewable
             | sources as well, not just stuff you dig out of the ground,
             | making them carbon neutral over the grow-burn circle.
             | 
             | The problem right now is that switching over to such a
             | mixed energy production requires a lot of investment and
             | construction, and we have a lot of infrastructure
             | (especially housing) that cannot be easily retrofitted.
             | E.g. right now, be it in the US, be it in Germany where I
             | live, be it in other places, solar and wind deployment is
             | severely hampered by the lack of transmission lines. This
             | isn't a problem of high investment cost either, it's
             | "locals" fighting tooth and nail against new transmission
             | lines being build in the vicinity of where they live
             | because "it ruins the view".
        
           | Ericson2314 wrote:
           | > low prices
           | 
           | This is the stupid marginal ism I am talking about.
           | 
           | Cranking out more solar panels is easy. Actually making the
           | grids larger or have more storage requires the type of
           | planning competence and cordination we suck at.
           | 
           | Solar panels are popular precisely because they don't require
           | that planning competence and coordination. So if we go full
           | solar wind, we will slam into a wall we are utterly
           | unprepared for, despite, yes, getting better at solar and
           | wind themselves with volume.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | If the market rewards battery storage it will get built
             | quickly.
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | Going full solar and wind is going to take some time(20
             | year-ish?) and in the meantime energy storage will get
             | there in terms of scale and cost.
             | 
             | LiFePO4 packs already started trading below $100/kWh in
             | 2020:
             | 
             | https://evilmartians.com/chronicles/a-no-go-fantasy-
             | writing-...
             | 
             | CATL is pushing sodium-ion batteries:
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/catls-new-sodium-
             | ion...
             | 
             | You don't even need a lot of storage to greatly increase
             | maximum stable solar and wind share.
             | 
             | Exiting times ahead of us.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | Our electric grids aren't designed for distributed
               | generation- they are centrally planned and maintained.
               | 
               | Every person that generates their own electricity stops
               | paying their fair share of maintaining the grid, forcing
               | poorer people who cannot afford their own rooftops to
               | subsidize them. It is actually quite regressive- the
               | denser the population center, the less electricity per
               | person can be generated by solar. The electricity might
               | be free, but the cost of maintaining the grid never goes
               | away.
        
               | djrogers wrote:
               | > Every person that generates their own electricity stops
               | paying their fair share of maintaining the grid,
               | 
               | Nope. Not in California- even if solar covers 100% of
               | your usage, PG&E is collecting money from you. You don't
               | pay any energy production costs, but you'll pay 'your
               | fair share'.
        
               | ajbourg wrote:
               | > Every person that generates their own electricity stops
               | paying their fair share of maintaining the grid
               | 
               | This isn't true, at least not in Colorado. I pay a number
               | of fees for maintaining the grid and these aren't going
               | away when I have my net meter installed later this week.
               | (hopefully)
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | That's a policy problem, not a technological problem. It
               | becomes a political decision: convert grid maintenance to
               | a progressive tax, subsidize local power generation for
               | poor families or rental properties, etc.
        
               | cronix wrote:
               | > Every person that generates their own electricity stops
               | paying their fair share of maintaining the grid
               | 
               | "their fair share." What exactly is that for something
               | you don't use?
               | 
               | This is a bit like saying everyone who walks/bikes to
               | work stops paying their fair share of gas taxes that
               | maintain the roads their food arrives on.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | > This is a bit like saying everyone who walks/bikes to
               | work stops paying their fair share of gas taxes that
               | maintain the roads their food arrives on.
               | 
               | I haven't seen people argue this point for people who
               | don't own a car, but my state does have a special levy on
               | electric and high efficiency vehicles to make up for lost
               | gas tax revenues:
               | https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/#highwayuse_fee.asp
        
               | neutronicus wrote:
               | In this hypothetical, they are still using the Grid to
               | power their homes at night
        
         | gremloni wrote:
         | I feel like you posted your whole comment just to inject that
         | last line in.
        
         | yardie wrote:
         | > Solar panels are still way over hyped
         | 
         | It literally turns abundantly free solar energy into
         | electricity. Where is the hype?
        
           | rozab wrote:
           | Current solar panels are almost 20% efficient. Even in the
           | most outrageous sci-fi scenario, they could only hope to be
           | 5x more efficient than they are currently, and in any case
           | would require significant land use. Compared to nuclear or
           | geothermal, the ceiling is so much lower.
           | 
           | And then we get all the vaporware viral ops like solar
           | _freaking_ roadways and those water bottles that magically
           | refill from the air with a tiny solar panel, ignoring the
           | laws of thermodynamics but making hella kickstarter bux
        
             | estaseuropano wrote:
             | Solar takes much space compared to what? Oil wells and
             | refineries? Gas wells and processing and pipelines? Coal
             | mine and power plant?
             | 
             | Solar can be squeezed into lots of unused spaces, e.g.
             | where I live all new Lidl and Aldi have solar on their
             | roofs, an otherwise empty and unused gray space.
        
             | ijidak wrote:
             | When you count for buffer land around nuclear (most don't
             | want to live too close) land use becomes comparable to
             | solar
             | 
             | For example, look at Diablo Canyon site acreage vs the
             | acreage of the new large-scale solar project in Pahrump,
             | NV.
        
               | Daniel_sk wrote:
               | That buffer land can be forest and lots of living
               | creatures. Not a solar panel covered wasteland.
        
               | Bootvis wrote:
               | Did you read the title of the article?
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | Animals and plants are perfectly happy living under solar
               | panels.
        
             | tsol wrote:
             | The cool thing about solar is you can fix it on top of
             | current infrastructure. Sure the solar roadways are a
             | ridiculous idea, but putting solar panels on roofs actually
             | makes use of space they can't be used otherwise
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | And if you have good credit the Sun pays for it. You
               | borrow money, put up panels, and then pay the loan with
               | your electricity and gas budget. Still two weeks away
               | from actual final hook up from the power company but
               | friends with similar have that experience.
        
             | mrfusion wrote:
             | Like most things, the final answer is probably a mix of
             | everything.
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | >would require significant land use
             | 
             | you're commenting on an article about a solution to that.
        
             | JoshCole wrote:
             | We have a need for ceilings. When you account for that the
             | amount of space needed provide ceilings, powering our
             | civilization with solar is a negative number rather than a
             | positive number. Negative, because we can more then power
             | our civilization with existing space through dual purpose
             | structures. An example of this is a solar roof. However,
             | even if you ignore that potential, the amount of space
             | needed is only a few square miles. It's not like it would
             | be the size of a country or even the size of a state. The
             | amount of space is small enough to place in some remote
             | desert and for all intents and purposes to then forget
             | about it.
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | >Solar panels are still way over hyped in a stupid marginalist
         | way
         | 
         | Solar panels are powered by fusion, of course they are hyped.
        
           | ruined wrote:
           | who the fuck is scraeming "AGRIVOLTAICS" at my house. show
           | yourself, coward. fusion energy will never take off
        
         | missinfo wrote:
         | The hype is going to die down the more we see landscapes and
         | entire mountains being covered with non-recyclable, toxic
         | panels:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/ScienceIsNew/status/1458512267150966786
         | 
         | It strikes me as environmental vandalism. Solar panels make
         | sense on roofs, not so much on landscapes. Maybe the desert,
         | but you have transmission loss and still have to deal with the
         | large amount of toxic landfill they generate. Nuclear makes
         | much more sense for anything approaching base load.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Putting them in landfill implies is it harder to turn old PV
           | into new PV than to build new PV _literally out of rock_.
           | This does not seem plausible in long-term (short term,
           | sometime has to actually build a factory to do it), and if it
           | was true then we would've just substituted one polluting non-
           | renewable (fossils) for another.
        
       | starwind wrote:
       | > When Kominek approached Boulder County regulators about putting
       | up solar panels, they initially told him no, his land was
       | designated as historic farmland.
       | 
       | That's Boulder for you, they're super progressive right up until
       | progress forces something to change
        
         | missinfo wrote:
         | Bill Maher had a segment on this recently about progressives
         | that don't acknowledge progress and are afraid of it in
         | practice. A kind of willful blindness. Steven Pinker calls it
         | Progressophobia.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fB9KVYAdYwg
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | Also, _Liberal Hypocrisy is Fueling American Inequality.
           | Here's How.--NYT Opinion_ [1]
           | 
           | Has a focus on housing, but it's the same underlying issue.
           | People love to signal their virtue, but their true values are
           | revealed by what they _do_.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNDgcjVGHIw&t=670s
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | kilna wrote:
           | That's rich coming from Maher.
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | Yeah, Boulder considers it's green belt to be the fence of
         | their little gated community. They're terrified of the idea of
         | development around Boulder. The city even owns a bunch of land
         | in surrounding counties so the perpetually undeveloped land is
         | some one else's tax burden.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | I agree that NIMBYism is bad, but I don't see how undeveloped
           | land incurs a tax burden.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | It's sort of backwards when you're talking about
             | municipalities competing for property tax revenue. Boulder
             | city wants property tax revenue, so they allow development
             | in specific places where they reap that. Therefore the city
             | owns land that isn't land within the city so they can
             | maximize property tax revenue, but still have a undeveloped
             | belt. The surrounding counties aren't a big fan of this
             | relationship, but can't do much about it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Those neighbouring counties don't raise as much property
             | taxes because there's nothing on the land.
             | 
             | You could argue that the land doesn't cost those
             | neighbouring counties anything, so it's a wash.
        
             | josephcsible wrote:
             | The city of Boulder needs to pay property taxes on that
             | land to the other counties, and that money comes from the
             | local taxes that Boulder residents have to pay.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | teakettle42 wrote:
           | You have a nice thing. You engage in conservation to preserve
           | that nice thing. Someone else gets mad that they can't just
           | pave over your nice thing.
           | 
           | Help me understand how you're on the side of progressivism,
           | here.
        
             | asguy wrote:
             | You make it sounds like they're conserving their nice
             | things, by not letting other people have them. Gate keeping
             | progress.
             | 
             | Help me understand how /you're/ on the side of
             | progressivism, here.
        
               | teakettle42 wrote:
               | You cannot always have your cake and eat it too. If you
               | pave over open spaces, you no longer have open spaces.
               | 
               | Is paving over nature what you consider to be progress?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | I don't really consider hay farms to be 'nature', any
               | more than houseplants are.
        
               | teakettle42 wrote:
               | Hay meadows aren't a more natural environment than paving
               | them over, building a large high-density apartment block,
               | and placing houseplants in those apartments?
               | 
               | Do they not host more ecological diversity? Are they not
               | more environmentally productive?
               | 
               | Do hay farms introduce parking lots, traffic, roads,
               | hundreds of housing units, and on average, ~1.5 cars for
               | every unit?
        
               | monocasa wrote:
               | If Boulder actually cared about all of that, they'd allow
               | density where the pavement already exists.
               | 
               | This is all pearl clutching to keep out the poors with a
               | fence that doesn't make you sad when you look at the
               | fence.
        
               | teakettle42 wrote:
               | Low-density makes the place nicer to live.
               | 
               | That's why people want to live in Boulder in the first
               | place, as opposed to Longmont, Broomfield, or Denver --
               | all of which they're free to choose, instead of spending
               | more to live Boulder.
               | 
               | Why should the very traits that make Boulder desirable be
               | destroyed to accommodate everyone that desires to live
               | there?
        
             | poulsbohemian wrote:
             | I'm not in Colorado, but I can tell you a similar story in
             | my area... county wouldn't allow the construction of a
             | Costco, which would have brought desperately needed jobs
             | and tax revenues, because of zoning. Instead on that same
             | ground they will allow a mini-storage or a gas station,
             | because those fit the zoning. This is on a stretch of
             | highway that the county and state have deemed to be
             | "protected farm land." I'm as progressive as they come and
             | completely agree with the sentiment that we need to protect
             | green spaces, but the way the sausage actually gets made
             | doesn't achieve any good for _anyone_.
        
       | foxhop wrote:
       | Very cool, if you are into this sort of stuff I have a YouTube
       | channel on growing food at home.
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC1eySW_9TiI5wnvTnIIw2Nw
       | 
       | A blog post on my solar system I bought outright
       | https://russell.ballestrini.net/fulfilling-childhood-dreams-...
        
       | Cycl0ps wrote:
       | On the talk of reduced evaporation, can we replicate this at a
       | fraction of the cost by running some plastic sheeting across a
       | field? The solar is an investment that may not pay off in all
       | farms, but reducing water usage is a major concern and stringing
       | along some barriers could be a big help with that.
        
         | tsol wrote:
         | Good point. While it may make harvesting trickier, installing
         | covers could be a cheap way to increase water use efficiency
        
       | pirate787 wrote:
       | Solar panels contain heavy metals like cadmium that leech into
       | the soil and water as the panels age. This is not a safe
       | approach.
       | 
       | https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/solar-panel-was...
        
         | weaksauce wrote:
         | ...in a landfill environment. those aren't leeching into the
         | ground during their normal lifespan. sure recycling should be
         | done more in earnest but to say this is unsafe is silly.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Coal ash contains 100ppm Cd and the USA produces and dumps into
         | the environment 130 million tons of that annually. PV panels
         | are glass-encapsulated and only leach metals if you literally
         | grind them into dust and then submerge the result.
        
         | yumraj wrote:
         | But that seems to only be an issue when they are literally
         | dumped in a landfill.
         | 
         | In the case above, where they are mounted, why would it be an
         | issue? Or, are you saying that they leech, say, when it rains?
         | But in that case, wouldn't roof mounted solar panels be equally
         | bad as in leech heavy metals into home soil and I had not heard
         | that to be an issue.
        
         | VygmraMGVl wrote:
         | This link's reference for "solar panels leach [cadmium] into
         | the soil and water as the panels age" is a paper that simulated
         | *landfill conditions* on CdTe solar cells. In the study linked,
         | the solar panels were ball-milled and then suspended in
         | anaerobic sludge.
         | 
         | This is not comparable to suggesting solar panels will leach
         | cadmium and lead into the soil underneath them during their
         | normal operation.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607867/
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | Also, most solar panels are not CdTe cells, the vast majority
           | of the market are silicon cells (CdTe making <10% of the
           | market).
        
       | danielvf wrote:
       | Is it just me, or do the photos show that only part of a single
       | row between panels has actually been planted? Looking outside the
       | plants in the foreground, it just looks like bare grass
       | everywhere.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | Solar with grazing land could make a ton of sense. Plus you
       | wouldn't have to pay for mowing.
       | 
       | And if done right the panels could even be free shelter for the
       | cows.
        
         | justinph wrote:
         | Apparently sheep are the right thing to graze. Cows and horses
         | are too big. Goats tend to bite at the cables. Sheep are small
         | enough to fit in and around the solar panels and won't bite the
         | wires.
         | 
         | https://www.startribune.com/pollinator-friendly-landscape-ta...
        
       | vvarren wrote:
       | > But he soon discovered that the shade from the towering panels
       | above the soil actually helped the plants thrive. That
       | intermittent shade also meant a lot less evaporation of coveted
       | irrigation water. And in turn the evaporation actually helped
       | keep the sun-baked solar panels cooler, making them more
       | efficient.
       | 
       | Holy cow! Sounds like a win-win-win to me?
        
       | KingMachiavelli wrote:
       | > Our farm has mainly been hay producing for fifty years
       | 
       | For those who don't know, Boulder has a bunch of land outside the
       | city that is designated openspace/'farm' land. Being from the
       | midwest I always sort of laughed at these land parcels being
       | called 'farms' since economically it really can't be farmed
       | outside of selling niche products at affluent farmers markets. I
       | am glad to see that Boulder is finally letting the land be used
       | for something more productive.
       | 
       | And this is a very cool idea. My family grew strawberries in
       | eastern Colorado for a few years and one of the big problems was
       | the extreme sun. In order to extend the growing season we used
       | low tunnels to shield to plants from frost. However, the low
       | tunnels during the peak summer months would act like a lens
       | melting irrigation lines and even damaging produce.
        
         | sneak wrote:
         | Is it just me or is not letting the rightful owners of the land
         | use it for the most productive (and not
         | damaging/harmful/polluting) thing possible seem insane?
         | 
         | Why does Boulder get to decide whether these farmers are
         | allowed to install solar on their own land?
         | 
         | The fact that they had to fight a battle and take time out of
         | their life to obtain permission to do this (on unprofitable
         | farmland) seems tremendously unjust.
         | 
         | My mind reels.
        
           | mountainriver wrote:
           | Because Boulderites love their open space and spend a ton of
           | tax dollars protecting it. It makes for a very nice city.
           | 
           | (I was born and raised in Boulder)
        
           | tmp538394722 wrote:
           | I assume upthread is talking about Boulders "urban growth
           | boundary".
           | 
           | I think the most likely "free market" result of removing the
           | restrictions would be what they call "suburban sprawl".
           | 
           | There are a lot of reasons to consider suburban sprawl
           | damaging/harmful/polluting.
           | 
           | There are a lot of valid critiques to be made of an arguably
           | NIMBY policy like the urban growth boundary, but it's more
           | than just "farms are pretty".
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _My mind reels_
           | 
           | Then you've never lived in a place with no zoning, where
           | someone can open a junk yard next to the home you spent 20
           | years saving money to buy.
           | 
           | You can do what you want on your land. But at the same time,
           | you have to live in a society with neighbors. There is give-
           | and-take.
           | 
           | If you want to do anything you want on your land without
           | restriction, feel free to save your money and buy your own
           | country with no other residents. Until then, you'll have to
           | learn to get along with other people and understand that what
           | you want may not always be what is best for everyone.
        
             | psd1 wrote:
             | Yes and... I feel the "it's _my_ land" perspective is
             | constrained by human lifespan.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | someguydave wrote:
           | In America (land of the free) it is considered normal for all
           | the surrounding landowners and/or voters to decide how you
           | may use your own property. Typically you must ask permission
           | or change local laws to use land in other-than-narrowly-
           | prescribed ways.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | Seems to me that "land of the status quo" might be a better
             | term.
        
               | someguydave wrote:
               | that or "land of I got mine"
        
             | wyager wrote:
             | Since land covenants were legally neutered in the 60s, law
             | is sort of the only avenue people have left for trying to
             | make sure the community they live in is the kind of place
             | they actually want to live, and doesn't turn into a factory
             | district or a ghetto.
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | You forgot about trusts. And HOAs. Also, CC&Rs are still
               | a thing.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | They exist but you can't do much with them anymore, hence
               | why zoning is such a popular strategy.
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | Personally I'm rather glad my neighbor can't turn his
             | property into an industrial hog farm.
        
               | someguydave wrote:
               | yes but the reason is because of smells that will cross
               | onto your property. plain tort law will allow you to seek
               | compensation for that
        
         | poulsbohemian wrote:
         | Did you experiment at all with swapping out different
         | materials? IE: using a thicker material to shade from the sun
         | and then something else in the fall to hold in warmth. I'm
         | debating doing something similar in my garden. In my area we
         | have a lot of orchards that are now completely under sun
         | canopies due to our extreme heat / sun.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | > Being from the midwest I always sort of laughed at these land
         | parcels being called 'farms' since economically it really can't
         | be farmed outside of selling niche products at affluent farmers
         | markets
         | 
         | The midwest can't be economically farmed outside of being
         | propped up by a trillion dollars in government welfare called
         | "the farm bill." That includes paying farmers to not grow
         | anything, and to grow food that is shipped to warehouses where
         | it rots.
         | 
         | Then there's all the non-farming federal spending in those
         | states.
         | 
         | Then there's all the military spending to employ all the
         | midwest kids coming out of high school with no job prospects.
         | 
         | Then there's the tariffs and other trade policies to protect
         | midwestern farm crop prices.
         | 
         | Then there's the mandated use of ethanol from corn in gasoline.
         | 
         | Then there's the price fixing on sugar which drives processed
         | food to use corn syrup.
         | 
         | Also, he farm was a hay farm for fifty years goes a bit
         | contrary to the claim about "niche products ad affluent farmers
         | markets."
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | > My family grew strawberries in eastern Colorado for a few
         | years and one of the big problems was the extreme sun. In order
         | to extend the growing season we used low tunnels to shield to
         | plants from frost. However, the low tunnels during the peak
         | summer months would act like a lens melting irrigation lines
         | and even damaging produce.
         | 
         | Sounds like problems more ground-coupling of the thermals would
         | help mitigate. This guy used "Earth Tubes" in combination with
         | partially buried and appropriately oriented greenhouses:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD_3_gsgsnk
        
       | nanomonkey wrote:
       | I'm surprised they aren't using bifacial solar panels which allow
       | light through and utilize light from both sides of the panel.
       | Seems ideal for such a scenario.
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | I saw a good video on YT about this idea. It made the excellent
       | point that it has a fundamental problem:                  1. It's
       | excellent for everybody, except...        2. It's a sub-optimal
       | use of land for the farmer, and ...        3. It's a sub-optimal
       | use of land for solar PV
       | 
       | Trying to get something adopted where the two primary parties
       | both end up with a suboptimal solution, even though the overall
       | solution is great from a broader perspective, tends to be
       | difficult.
       | 
       | And it does generally need both farmers and the solar PV folks to
       | collaborate; the former have the land and systems for growing,
       | the latter have the capital and process for solar PV.
       | 
       | This doesn't mean it cannot work, but it does require some
       | creative "marketing" to get people to take up the idea even
       | though it may appear sub-optimal when viewed through a narrow
       | lens.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | It might be optimal in terms of a reliable income to have
         | different things you can sell.
        
       | cannaceo wrote:
       | Reminds me of http://www.soliculture.com/
        
       | oh_sigh wrote:
       | Doesn't it make far more sense to just put solar panels in a
       | field like this, instead of doing custom work putting them on top
       | of individual homes which may have shade or directionality
       | issues? Even disregarding the agriculture happening, why don't we
       | do this more often?
        
         | xoa wrote:
         | > _Doesn 't it make far more sense to just put solar panels in
         | a field like this, instead of doing custom work putting them on
         | top of individual homes which may have shade or directionality
         | issues?_
         | 
         | Depends on what you're optimizing for. If you're considering
         | solar purely from the angle of replacing carbon-thermal
         | generation on the grid then sure, large arrays are more
         | efficient, offering more room for amortization of fixed costs,
         | more optimization for solar gain, and more room for optimal
         | hybrid usage like this example.
         | 
         | However, buildings need roofs _anyway_ , and will in turn get
         | sun exposure. Since solar tech like tiles can take the place of
         | traditional roofing, there are some double gains to be had
         | there in that they're both doing the job of protection from the
         | elements and taking otherwise mostly wasted energy and doing
         | some work with it. Depending on how one gets into the weeds on
         | aesthetics (like if they wanted nicer tiling anyway) the
         | marginal extra capex of tiling may well be worth it as costs
         | come down further. Building-solar also can help provide
         | resiliency to grid damage, which by definition grid feeding
         | cannot. For people in areas where they'd otherwise be running
         | generators anyway, solar/res-wind+battery (and as BEVs take
         | over near everyone will have an extremely sizable slab or three
         | of battery around much of the time) can be compelling. Still
         | more upfront, but maintenance-free for a decade or more and
         | constantly providing some ROI (and effectively constant
         | verification everything is working), whereas hydrocarbon
         | generators require regular maintenance/testing which cost money
         | and generate zero return otherwise, they just depreciate. And
         | local solar/wind/utility resources are going to affect the time
         | horizons for all this.
         | 
         | So basically there are a ton of new variables and enormously
         | more scalability up and down the spectrum for renewables and
         | batteries. Doing the math is in turn going to be very
         | individual, but it will often still make sense to do both.
         | 
         | Also:
         | 
         | > _why don 't we do this more often?_
         | 
         | I mean, we're still in a pretty steep part of an S-curve here.
         | It's just plain early days. People are still experimenting with
         | stuff like this and learning what works. Unit costs are
         | dropping, which in turn changes what projects make sense which
         | in turn changes demand and thus unit costs. Grids are adapting
         | and getting smarter. Both storage and opportunistic demand are
         | doing the same in parallel in a variety of ways. Stories like
         | this where someone tries some new stuff and it works out well
         | will make others perk up and take notice. There will also be
         | things tried that don't work out. Going to be a wild decade.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Unfortunately second-order effects make rooftop solar less
           | desirable than you'd think. In urban areas built to adequate
           | densities (> 100 residents per acre) there's not enough roof
           | area to power those residences, so you need the off-site
           | generating resources anyway. Denser development has
           | significant demand efficiency payback, but it always reduces
           | the ratio of on-site solar generating resources per capita.
           | 
           | On the other hand you also have the phenomenon that after a
           | person puts solar power on top of their little detached
           | single-family house they start yammering about "solar access
           | rights" to stop the construction of even slightly taller
           | buildings nearby. Boulder, Colorado is ground zero for this
           | kind of stupidity, see their "solar access protection" law
           | which is as naked an act of NIMBY greenwashing as anyone has
           | ever seen.
           | 
           | https://www-
           | static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/PDS/forms/815_So...
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | At least in the Netherlands, you don't pay energy taxes on
         | electricity generated "behind the meter", ie from solar panels
         | on your own house. Electricity that comes from the grid, no
         | matter how it is generated, comes with grid fees and energy
         | tax. Seeing how the price for bulk electricity is currently
         | ~0.09 EUR/KWh and the taxes+ grid charges come to ~0.15 EUR/KWh
         | for a total price of 0.24 EUR/KWh, electricity from solar
         | panels on your own house instantly becomes about 3x cheaper
         | than if you put the same panels elsewhere in a field. Thus,
         | many people opt to put the panels on their home since the
         | installation cost is not that high and the financial benefits
         | are substantial.
        
         | neltnerb wrote:
         | Disregarding taxes and financial incentives that may bias
         | things, putting it in a field means you don't need to work on a
         | roof to maintain it, you aren't limited by roof area, and you
         | don't need to worry about the roof weight limit or damage
         | during installation.
         | 
         | I think there is no question a field is preferable if there are
         | fields to work with. Of course, in a city that isn't much of an
         | option and there are significant advantages to point of use
         | generation (i.e. no need to upgrade power lines from rural
         | solar fields to a city center).
         | 
         | I used to live in Boulder, and while I'm not sure exactly which
         | field they're talking about it was not a long bike ride into
         | farmland. I can imagine it working much better there than a
         | bigger city.
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | I don't know about "more often" but we certainly do it pretty
         | normally. There are entire businesses built around obtaining
         | rights to use land, building solar farms, and selling the tax
         | credits.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | Personally the addition of solar panels to my roof has the
         | added appeal of reducing the wear and tear of my roof.
         | 
         | The panels _must_ be in the sun, so they 'll always be getting
         | that UV damage if they exist outside at all. May as well let
         | them do double duty on my roof in that role.
         | 
         | It'll also help keep the solar thermal gain out of the house,
         | reducing cooling costs...
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Presumably because, the further you transport electrical
         | energy, the more it is prone to be lost as heat.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | I'm not arguing for a giant solar array in the Sahara, just
           | using marginal farmland that surrounds many cities to put
           | solar panels instead of scattered about on roofs in the city.
           | And with most solar installations it just dumps electricity
           | back into the grid so I'd think losses would be similar.
        
           | handmodel wrote:
           | From what I understand even at 100 miles the loss of energy
           | is about 5 percent. You may need to build more transmission
           | lines at some point - but I would still wager there is no way
           | that it is energy efficient to build a frame upwards + have
           | people get on special tools to maintain things 10 feet above
           | the ground.
           | 
           | In places like Colorado there is very cheap land that is not
           | very good for farming about an hour away from Denver and it
           | certainly seems like it would be cost + energy efficient to
           | build out there instead of up.
        
         | Cycl0ps wrote:
         | I think the simplest answer is that we put panels wherever it's
         | easiest. With no existing infrastructure in a random field it
         | takes more effort to get the panels to function, compared to
         | mounting on a roof and wiring in to an existing grid. The
         | upfront cost has always been a barrier to entry, so higher
         | costs turn the average consumer away.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | But you can install a whole lot of panels in a field, which
           | has a significant amount of labor price advantage. Running a
           | cable over might not be too bad.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Most of the current PV generation in the 100 miles around where
         | I live (near Santa Fe, NM) looks exactly like this (but without
         | the agriculture).
        
       | cjlars wrote:
       | One issue with solar is where we put it all. If it turns out that
       | a meaningful portion of farmland has an excess of solar energy,
       | that takes a big bite out of the problem. Powering the US
       | entirely on solar might take a land mass equivalent to 2% of the
       | country... Only a small portion of the 40% of US land area used
       | as farmland.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | This is a non issue. Rooftops alone are enough to power the US
         | with solar, versus prime land. With that said, there is
         | enormous potential in the roofs yet to have solar installed,
         | parking lots with solar canopies, marginal land, floating PV
         | systems at reservoirs, etc. Land is not an issue. At this rate,
         | we're constrained by pv module costs, deal flow, permitting,
         | and install labor (a combination of labor and soft costs,
         | essentially, with a healthy dose of supply chain issues).
         | 
         | https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2021/10/11/solar-deployed-on-roo...
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Has this ever actually been a problem?
         | 
         | I think most of the recent progress has been in lowering
         | prices, while the amount of power you can extract from a square
         | meter of land presumably hasn't changed much. But I don't
         | actually remember any serious commenter suggesting that running
         | out of physical room was ever an actual consideration when it
         | came to solar.
        
           | cjlars wrote:
           | There has been opposition to greenfield developments on
           | environmental concerns, much harder to oppose a dual use
           | installation over farmland.
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-11-03/the-
           | mo...
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | We're really really far away from having difficulty with where
         | to put solar.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | That would be nearly enough to power the world; not just the
         | US. Powering the world would take a bit over 115000 square
         | miles, apparently. About 3% of the US landmass.
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | $2,000,000 / 300 homes / 20 years = $333/home/year for
       | electricity. Assuming this is a low-maintenance setup, it seems
       | like there's lots of room for steady profit.
       | 
       | At the same time, the article makes it sound like the farming
       | output was improved too.
       | 
       | Aside from regulatory concerns, what downsides are there to
       | installing these on millions of acres?
        
         | twalla wrote:
         | My assumption is they pivoted from hay to growing high margin
         | stuff (most greens are higher margin, I think) they can sell to
         | restaurants/farmers markets/co-ops. Being close to Boulder
         | definitely helps in that regard. The solar panels just provide
         | the shade that shadecloth used to provide with the upside of
         | producing income.
         | 
         | The biggest barrier to scalability is probably how labor
         | intensive some of the farming is and the target audience for
         | stuff like kale and collard greens outside of major metro
         | areas.
        
           | sigstoat wrote:
           | > My assumption is they pivoted from hay to growing high
           | margin stuff (most greens are higher margin, I think) they
           | can sell to restaurants/farmers markets/co-ops.
           | 
           | yes, this is exactly the case. as i understand it, they've
           | got a single customer they're selling all the produce to, who
           | is also involved in providing man power for the farming.
           | 
           | > The biggest barrier to scalability is probably how labor
           | intensive some of the farming is
           | 
           | yes, they've got folks out there most days during the growing
           | season, whereas when it was hay, it could be managed with a
           | couple of man*days a month.
           | 
           | (i am more familiar with the operations there than i'm going
           | to admit, or provide evidence for. don't "sources?" me.)
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Well, it depends - for a current investor of any scale in the
         | utility and fossil fuel sectors, this is a disaster.
         | 
         | 1) Installing solar panels on millions of acres would be done
         | most likely by utilities for grid-scale power. This means an
         | accelerated investment in infrastructure, and that means
         | profits don't go to dividend payments but for solar panel
         | purchases (from an international manufacturer, as domestic US
         | solar manufacturing is basically a joke at present).
         | 
         | 2) Then you have the follow-on losses - investors in utilities
         | tend to have large holdings in fossil fuels, and one hand
         | washes the other - power plants buy fracked gas, in other
         | words, boosting the value of the fossil fuel investments. So
         | when you switch to solar, and write off the natural gas and
         | coal plants, there goes the majority of the profits that
         | investor's portfolio generates.
         | 
         | There's no way around it: renewable systems are far less
         | profitable than fossil-fuel systems, because you don't get to
         | <sell> set up a wind and sun cartel (*orbiting sunscreens
         | maybe?). This is the source of both Wall Street and fossil fuel
         | exporter disenchantment with renewables.
         | 
         | Now, if you're a farmer and can generate your own power while
         | continuing to enjoy good crop yields, it's all winning.
         | Although your 401K retirement fund may decrease in value. But
         | that's OK, as your net savings are greater than that loss.
        
           | 567745774 wrote:
           | It would be cool if you stated your points and evidence
           | _before_ authoritatively declaring your thesis correct.
        
       | mikysco wrote:
       | I must read too many negative articles... this stands out as a
       | feel-good, "real" win-win. The science & cost-benefit is clearly
       | understood even for the non-technical and the implementation
       | seems straightforward, at least at first glance. Would love to
       | see solar farms wildly adopted
        
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