[HN Gopher] Spy camera detection using smartphone time-of-flight...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Spy camera detection using smartphone time-of-flight sensors
        
       Author : Nirali_Feige
       Score  : 421 points
       Date   : 2021-11-18 16:21 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dl.acm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dl.acm.org)
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | Does the app take pictures to find the lens? Or videos?
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | It's analyzing the camera feed in real time, so more like a
         | video.
        
           | ww520 wrote:
           | Good to know. Yes, continuous video feed is easier to spot a
           | light source. Can do differential analysis.
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | Here's a demo video [0] of the app. It is embedded in the
       | author's website [1]
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFjGQNaqmXA
       | 
       | [1] https://sriramsami.com/research/
        
       | HackOfAllTrades wrote:
       | A stand-alone Single-Point LIDAR might be used to remove the
       | high-end phone requirement.  Should interface to a phone USB port
       | with a simple UART/I2C-USB adapter.       Search Amazon.com for
       | LIDAR finds 'Lidar Range Finder Sensor Module TF-Luna, Single-
       | Point Micro Ranging Module 0.2 to 8m Compatible with Pixhawk,
       | Arduino and Rasppbarry Pi with UART / I2C Communication
       | Interface' $25.       And 'MakerFocus TFmini-s Micro Lidar Module
       | 0.1-12M Lidar Range Finder Sensor Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Tiny
       | Module 1000Hz Single Point UART I2C IO Compatible with Pixhawk Ar
       | duino and Raspberry Pi' $39.         The 2nd one is waterproof.
        
         | HackOfAllTrades wrote:
         | Also on Amazon 'Worldoor CC308+ Multi-Detector Full-Range All-
         | Round Detector For Hidden Camera / IP Lens/ GMS BUG / RF Signal
         | Detector Finder , CC308 + detector hidden mini camera/IP
         | camera/general manager/radio frequency signal detector
         | instrument' <$20.
         | 
         | And several similar hidden camera detectors. I have no idea how
         | well/badly this sort of device works.
        
       | anthomtb wrote:
       | The acronym should be removed from the HN title. LAPD does
       | nothing but sow confusion when used as the first word here.
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Author here, sorry, I didn't post this (but it is the paper's
         | title). Hopefully it gets corrected.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | errcorrectcode wrote:
       | Molka is/was a problem in Korea. I wonder how it compares to
       | SpyFinder Pro which seems like it's 95%+.
       | 
       | https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/spyassociates/spyfinder...
        
         | max47 wrote:
         | that kickstarter campaign is borderline a scam. They have an
         | msrp of 400$ for a Chinese gadget you can by for <10$ online.
         | And no, their LEDs are not special and you can source better
         | ones from digikey for less than 1$.
        
           | djmips wrote:
           | Borderline. You are being charitable.
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Good question. We evaluated the "K18" hidden camera detector,
         | and not the SpyFinder, but they use an identical principle.
        
         | schleck8 wrote:
         | While it's especially bad of a situation in South Korea, it has
         | become a serious issue globally.
         | 
         | > The same poll found that one in 10 guests (11%) had found
         | hidden cameras in an Airbnb rental.
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/suzannerowankelleher/2020/01/27...
        
       | cf100clunk wrote:
       | "Tiny hidden spy cameras concealed in sensitive locations
       | including hotels and bathrooms are becoming a significant threat
       | worldwide." I think motel room tenting and indoor foil-wearing
       | might seem to be more justifiable, less paranoiac. Who knew?
        
       | woeirua wrote:
       | I wonder how hard it would be to engineer a material that you can
       | put on top of the hidden camera lens that would greatly diffuse
       | the specific frequency range of light that these ToF sensors use
       | while permitting mostly visible light through? If so, it might be
       | possible to defeat this approach relatively easily.
       | 
       | Looking at what the DL filter is doing, I wonder how well this
       | really generalizes. It seems that many of those examples are
       | virtually indistinguishable to a human (hence the high false
       | positive rate for the naked eye experiments).
        
         | jcun4128 wrote:
         | Bring a 360 degree projector, up the ante
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | w.r.t the material, it seems to be possible, since ToF sensors
         | operate in a narrow 850 nm band. However, I don't know if a
         | coating can be made that also doesn't overlap with the visible
         | light range since 850 nm is somewhat close to red light, or
         | whether that would be cheap if so (given that the hidden
         | cameras themselves are only $1 at the moment).
         | 
         | I also have similar reservations about the DL approach in
         | general. What makes me more confident is that we trained on a
         | relatively small number of objects (~10) and tested on a
         | totally different set of 30 objects. We're also using very
         | small regions-of-interest as inputs (5x5), so there's little to
         | no overfitting on the environment or objects themselves.
        
       | hyperstar wrote:
       | What are the best ways of doing this without a smartphone?
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | The free option: use your smartphone's flashlight and try to
         | spot unnaturally bright / colored reflection.
         | 
         | If you want to spend some money and don't mind carrying an
         | extra device: probably any of the "hidden camera detectors" on
         | the market will be at least somewhat useful. K18, CC308+, etc.
         | 
         | We're trying with our work to get better or at least equivalent
         | results without having to use external devices.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | benbojangles wrote:
       | similar technology exists on ebay for under $5, you plug it into
       | the phone's usb port and it emits ir led lighting and back into a
       | lens
        
         | chris_wot wrote:
         | Can you supply a link to one of these devices?
        
       | aaronax wrote:
       | This reminds me in a way of the yacht with a system that detects
       | cameras taking a picture of the yacht and sends a beam towards
       | the camera to wash out the image.
       | 
       | https://petapixel.com/2012/10/28/worlds-largest-private-yach...
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Pretty interesting idea. In fact, there are a number of
         | military-related systems to spot sniper scopes (generally
         | optics) with lasers, which I expect is similar to what they
         | used here.
        
       | iseanstevens wrote:
       | Clever! Thanks :)
        
       | victoraaa wrote:
       | fdsd
        
       | coretx wrote:
       | Did the Rubidium price go up already ? ;-)
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | I'm having a hard time seeing how the obsolete and not exactly
       | tiny OV2640 was crammed into that electrical plug. The integrated
       | module is a 10mm cube with a 1/4" lens and to be useful it needs
       | a power supply and either a storage controller or wireless
       | network interface.
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | We just used the OV2640 module itself
         | (https://www.aliexpress.com/i/4000036275403.html) which is
         | pretty small. While we didn't actually include a little battery
         | and perhaps something like an ESP-32 to control it, I'm pretty
         | sure those could fit inside the plug if hollowed out.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | LAPD is not the Los Angeles Police Department, despite what we
       | all were thinking.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | micahcc wrote:
         | Ok I'm not crazy
        
         | abfan1127 wrote:
         | what is it?
        
           | throw_away wrote:
           | > To answer this question, we propose LAPD (Laser- Assisted
           | Photography Detection)
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | I would be curious to know what would be the best method/tool to
       | detect hidden cameras in places you visit (e.g. hotels, AirBnBs).
       | I looked for devices on Amazon.com and found nothing that seems
       | to be really good at detection.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | elric wrote:
       | So, could this be used to find better hiding spots for hidden
       | cameras?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Yeah, that's fair. If someone really wanted to do this though,
         | they could also just use existing products like this one:
         | https://www.amazon.com/Worldoor-Multi-Detector-Full-Range-
         | Al....
        
         | DennisAleynikov wrote:
         | absolutely, at least against this method of detection
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | Maybe, but realistically, since the sensor uses the properties
         | of a camera lens to detect the camera itself, I would have to
         | bet there is little that could actually be done to obscure the
         | hidden camera and also still get a usable image from it. This
         | is a pretty brilliant detection method.
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | It might be easier to design the room to create false
           | positives and undermine trust in the detectors. Assuming you
           | have that kind of influence, anyway. That's not an option if
           | you're just trying to plant a camera in an existing room.
           | 
           | I assume minimizing the aperture would be a fairly reliable
           | way to avoid detection. A pinhole camera would be hard to
           | find by any optical technique, though the video quality would
           | suffer. Perhaps one could project through a pinhole onto a
           | screen and record the projection, so the sensor is angled
           | away from the room?
        
             | frizensami wrote:
             | That's an interesting idea: trying to create so many false
             | positives that the user gives up. We're already removing
             | around 100+ false positives per frame at the moment in
             | difficult cases, so perhaps it's possible to overwhelm the
             | filters with very maliciously designed environments.
             | 
             | I think the easier way would be to hide the cameras in much
             | harder-to-reach places so that it's inconvenient for the
             | user to get their smartphone near. This might reduce the
             | kind of videos that can be taken, but maybe an attacker
             | will find that a reasonable tradeoff.
        
               | djmips wrote:
               | Probably the very smart spy camera can detect off axis
               | TOF artificial light and close a shutter over the lens.
               | Assuming your app integrates over the scanning motion,
               | the camera won't be detected while it's shutter is
               | closed. After the illumination is completed the spy
               | camera can re-open it's shutter.
               | 
               | The spy camera could also something like your system to
               | detect the phone camera and take defensive measures.
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Yes, perhaps. At the very least, adding a variable
               | shutter and extra logic will drive up the price of the
               | camera, which will be some consolation.
        
       | raldi wrote:
       | "Specifically, the hidden camera [...] reflects the incoming
       | laser pulses at a higher intensity than its surroundings due to
       | an effect called lens-sensor retro-reflection. This occurs when
       | almost all light energy impacting an object is reflected directly
       | back to the source"
        
         | polishdude20 wrote:
         | Given this, can you just hold up a flashlight right next to
         | your head and look around the room for bright spots?
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | This is actually one of the recommended methods if you have
           | no other options. It's not particularly good otherwise
           | because of the limited visibility cone of the hidden camera
           | reflections. From experience, the flashlight often tends to
           | occlude the reflections you want to see, or the user isn't in
           | the right place to see the reflections (near the flashlight).
        
           | gpt5 wrote:
           | That's exactly how detection tools work today.
           | 
           | Here is a random one:
           | 
           | https://www.lexuma.com/products/lexuma-xscan-portable-
           | hidden...
        
           | xipho wrote:
           | Likely. Headlamps are well known tools for collecting spiders
           | at night, when positioned just right they will reflect off
           | the spider's eyes as you move your head around. It's an
           | amazing thing to see spiders _everywhere_.
        
             | brokenmachine wrote:
             | Thanks for giving me nightmares.
        
             | lapetitejort wrote:
             | For peace of mind that sounds like the _worst_ tool to use.
        
           | pasker wrote:
           | I remember we were spotting alligators at the Amazon river
           | with flashlight and their eyes reflections :-)
        
           | gorgoiler wrote:
           | It is _the_ standard way of detecting concealed lenses.
           | 
           | Random google result:
           | 
           | https://www.pimall.com/nais/startfinder.html
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | The light returns pretty directly to the source which is why
           | most devices designed to use that detection method have the
           | illuminators around an eyepiece so there's less distance
           | between the illuminators and your eye.
        
       | micahcc wrote:
       | It took me a full minute to realize this wasn't the Los Angeles
       | Police Department's R&D division
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | chris_wot wrote:
       | What I would like to know is - how do you detect who is using an
       | IR blaster?
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | If there was literally ANY metric I would want in a HUD; 'How
       | many cameras are viewing me now, and where are they' has got to
       | be the top of the list...
        
       | jcun4128 wrote:
       | > system that leverages the time-of-flight (ToF) sensor on
       | commodity smartphones
       | 
       | I think only the high end iPhones/iPad have these type of cameras
       | right now right?
       | 
       | I'd also be curious about the exact angle you have to hit to get
       | a reflection
       | 
       | Probably wouldn't work but bright flash in a room?
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Great question about the angle actually. There's previous work
         | by an applied physics group [1] that shows the detectable
         | field-of-view from the camera is about 20 degrees. Our
         | experiments also confirm that.
         | 
         | We also think using the smartphone flashlight (if that's what
         | you mean) is the best way forward. That's already very helpful
         | (and recommended) for humans to find hidden cameras, and it
         | should be a useful extra modality for our work too.
         | 
         | [1] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8790792
        
           | jcun4128 wrote:
           | You don't have to answer but, I'm assuming by the phone's API
           | you can steer the beam/have an exact precision known of the
           | minimum angle you can sample? That's pretty cool tech to work
           | with.
        
             | frizensami wrote:
             | Unfortunately we can't steer the ToF beam, so the user has
             | to move the phone around to multiple positions (a 2D grid
             | of positions, basically). The app provides pretty clear
             | guidance on where to move the phone to cover all possible
             | spots, though.
        
         | semi-extrinsic wrote:
         | My Huawei P30 Pro from 2019 has a ToF sensor, so I don't think
         | it's very uncommon?
        
           | jcun4128 wrote:
           | Yeah I guess my phone is not in that tier... it looks to be
           | marked up 2x from GSMArena's prices... but $150 vs. $350
           | pricing. Also the Moto G Stylus (my phone) is from 2020
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | Yep, there are a pretty decent number of smartphones with it,
           | and I think the trend is moving in the right direction
           | (iPhone 12 Pro had it and Apple included it in the iPhone 13
           | Pro too).
        
       | z3t4 wrote:
       | If the spy camera has infrared leds then you can detect those by
       | removing the infrared filter from a camera, can be done on some
       | smartphone cameras programmatically I think.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | In a dark room, you can point an old-style remote control at an
         | iPhone camera and see button presses light up the IR
         | transmitter.
         | 
         | I do this to test their batteries :)
         | 
         | But older Cell-phones (flip phones) with CMOS sensors used to
         | be really good at this as they wouldn't filter much IR in order
         | to work better in low-light conditions.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | I was really hoping that they had an app I could install, as they
       | implemented LAPD on Android.
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | Hey! Author of the work here. We just finished presenting this
         | at a conference yesterday, so we're working on open-sourcing
         | the code now with some feedback from the community. It's got
         | some warts because of API limitations (no way to automatically
         | align color and ToF cameras, so we're manually doing that).
        
           | SubiculumCode wrote:
           | Cool work. It would be great for scanning hotel rooms.
        
             | frizensami wrote:
             | Thank you!
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | You'll still need the laser emitter. Here I would hope the
         | emitter can be operated in a high-power small-target mode to
         | also obliterate the detected cameras. Extra points if it can do
         | so autonomously - I leave it over the bed, go out for dinner,
         | and come back to a room without any cameras.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | jaywalk wrote:
       | You have to go to the second page of the full PDF to even see
       | what LAPD stands for, which is Laser-Assisted Photography
       | Detection. They need to be more mindful of this, especially when
       | they made up the acronym themselves.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | Cool tech. Too bad about the paper title. One should never use
         | a novel acronym in an academic title IMHO.
        
           | w0mbat wrote:
           | LAPD is worse than novel, it is already used in another
           | context where it is very well known.
           | 
           | Most people will already know this, but LAPD = Los Angeles
           | Police Department, often featured in TV shows, films and the
           | news.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | > Most people will already know this, but LAPD
             | 
             | s/most people/most americans/
             | 
             | plus some non americans of course, but it's not a global
             | association by any means.
        
             | elzbardico wrote:
             | The authors are from Singapore. The association is not that
             | direct for non-americans. Actually, I only noticed it after
             | several people mentioned it here.
        
         | PeterHolzwarth wrote:
         | 95.75 percent of the planet is not American, if you are
         | partially referring to the acronym of the police department.
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | Regardless of this, it's generally good form to define an
           | acronym the first time it's used, even if there was no
           | duplication/overlap.
           | 
           | With that said, while you're correct:
           | 
           | - A significant portion of tech advancement is US-centric, so
           | I understand the instinct to ask for clarification
           | 
           | - I'd argue that the LAPD is relatively well-known world-
           | wide, much like the RCMP, or RAF, or other very famous
           | organizations
        
             | Jolter wrote:
             | Well, you just got me to Google "rcmp". That's just one
             | data point of course, and I was indeed aware of their
             | informal name from popular culture.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | I was working on a project like this and we relied on the fact
       | that the IR filter on most cameras was a retro reflector. Remove
       | the IR filter and the camera will be harder to find. I think the
       | technique here also depends on the IR filter's characteristics.
        
         | frizensami wrote:
         | That's a good point. I'm not sure how the removal of the IR
         | filter will affect this work. I mentioned some prior work from
         | the physics side [1] in another comment that explores the
         | reflection characteristics in more detail. I don't think they
         | explored the IR filter contribution as well, so this could be
         | an interesting direction.
         | 
         | [1] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8790792
        
           | sturgl wrote:
           | IR cut filters used in smartphone-style cameras are typically
           | reflective.
           | 
           | Installing an absorptive IR cut filter on top of the lens
           | would decrease the amount of reflected light, and might
           | hinder your approach. Those are pretty cheap to buy, so you
           | could try it out pretty easily.
        
       | injidup wrote:
       | I know a woman who discovered a hidden camera in the female
       | toilet at work disguised as some kind of utility hook on the
       | door. Cheap to buy on amazon!! The SD card inside had pictures of
       | the company owner's desk but not an actual picture of him. The
       | police declined to prosecute because of lack of evidence.
        
         | xanaxagoras wrote:
         | Gross.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > The police declined to prosecute because of lack of evidence.
         | 
         | Thank goodness! Imagine being convicted of a crime because some
         | perv took some pictures of your personal stuff in an attempt to
         | frame you.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Prosecute and convict are different. You should at least pull
           | his credit card transactions and see if he recently bought
           | it.
        
             | jjcon wrote:
             | That would still be circumstantial wouldn't it?
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Lots of evidence is circumstantial.
               | 
               | Contrary to popular believe, circumstantial evidence is
               | not bad evidence. In isolation, it might not be enough to
               | convict, but when used in conjunction with other
               | evidence, it can create a damning case.
               | 
               | 1. The camera contained pictures of owners desk.
               | 
               | 2. That model camera was purchased on amazon by the
               | owner.
               | 
               | 3. The serial number of the camera indicates that it was
               | sold on amazon and produced around the time of purchase
               | by the owner.
               | 
               | 4. The camera was found in a place the person had
               | reasonable, unrestricted access to.
               | 
               | 5. owner was found in possession of pictures that look to
               | have been taken by the device, in the position where the
               | device was originally discovered.
               | 
               | * I'm not asserting these facts are true, just stating
               | them for the sake of example.
               | 
               | In isolation, each of these pieces of evidence don't
               | prove much, but in totality, it is highly unlikely that
               | all of those things would happen to an innocent person.
               | Jury's don't need to be 100% certain to convict, they
               | need a preponderance of evidence.
               | 
               | I can see why a prosecutor wouldn't pursue this case
               | against a rich person though. The police are unlikely to
               | do a good job at collecting evidence, a good lawyer will
               | get enough of it thrown out, victims probably won't want
               | to testify anyway, and being a business owner, this
               | person might have clout with local politicians who will
               | make trouble.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Sounds like that scene from Austin powers :) where he
               | keeps saying the pump isn't his.
               | 
               | But you're right that's pretty damning.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | I mean, if you showed him buying the same model from
               | Amazon and it had pictures from him testing it in his
               | office, that's probably enough to convict.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Individual pieces of evidence are often circumstantial,
               | taken together they're enough to prove something.
        
               | moron4hire wrote:
               | Most evidence is. "Circumstantial" doesn't automatically
               | make the evidence useless.
        
               | IIAOPSW wrote:
               | Yes, which is insufficient for a conviction but
               | reasonable suspicion to get a warrant.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | Add fingerprints and DNA from SD card, logs on PC...
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | mike-cardwell wrote:
         | To be fair to the owner, that would be a good way of setting up
         | somebody else to take the fall if the camera was discovered.
        
       | frizensami wrote:
       | Hey! Sriram here, author of this work. I'd be glad to answer any
       | questions. There's also a short talk I gave about this here
       | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4Txdhlji4k) if that's helpful!
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Would your system work against flat cams?
         | https://youtu.be/BdgwO_i5p54
        
           | megablast wrote:
           | Does it work against something that doesn't exist yet??
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | Thats very interesting, first time hearing of it. Not sure,
           | really depends on what kind of reflection it generates when
           | light hits it, and because of the unique design I'm not sure
           | what that will be.
        
         | deegles wrote:
         | What are the properties of the cameras that don't get detected?
         | Wouldn't bad actors just use the same app to check if their
         | cameras are detectable at installation time?
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | So far the biggest issue is if the camera is angled oddly
           | away from the user (basically, outside the 20 degree
           | observable FoV). Another issue would be if they manage to
           | install a larger camera that returns larger reflections
           | (which we filter out).
           | 
           | Regarding using the app to check, I guess that applies for
           | the existing handheld detectors as well. It's definitely
           | something that intelligent attackers can try to plan for, but
           | we havent tested the adversarial robustness of the system
           | right now. That would be a very interesting direction for us
           | as well.
        
             | frizensami wrote:
             | But at least for the larger camera case, we can just
             | increase one of the filtering thresholds for reflection
             | size, which is already doable on the UI
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | Do you have any plans release this as an app I could install on
         | my phone?
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | Yes, we do! There are a couple of user-facing annoyances at
           | the moment, one of which I mentioned in another comment
           | (hacks to align the color and ToF images). Hopefully these
           | API limitations are removed soon, or we find better
           | workarounds.
        
             | david_allison wrote:
             | Would you consider open sourcing the app as-is?
             | 
             | You've got a community of people who're willing to spend
             | time polishing.
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | It's definitely something I'm considering. The only hard
               | blocker now is a hashmap that checks for our test phones'
               | unique ID and applies a fixed transform to align both
               | cameras. Right now, any other phones will cause an
               | immediate crash. Minimally I think we need to disable
               | this and maybe include a small UI to let users put in the
               | alignment parameters (just a scale + offset).
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Also I appreciate the interest, thank you. I'm heading
               | back from the conference over the next few days, so I
               | should be more free to take a look at it soon.
        
               | david_allison wrote:
               | Feel free to shoot me an email (in profile) if you'd like
               | this UI done. No need for anything else other than the
               | source code.
               | 
               | It'd be a massive benefit to society to make this widely
               | available.
        
             | jmnicolas wrote:
             | If you do release it, is it possible to not depend on
             | Google services please? I am almost a year in my degoogled
             | life!
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | I would love to, but I'm not sure how yet without a major
               | re-write. The augmented reality code we completely rely
               | on is part of Google Play Services for AR. I definitely
               | do understand the benefit of degoogling, so maybe it can
               | be a community effort once I opensource it.
        
               | seaman1921 wrote:
               | Please don't make the functionality worse just to please
               | the de-googled hacker=news crowd.
        
             | Iolaum wrote:
             | Awesome, if there's a waiting list or a website that we can
             | join or follow to be notified of a release please share.
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Sadly no project-specific page yet, but I'll definitely
               | update on my page at https://sriramsami.com/research/ (I
               | think there's an RSS feed?) when it's active.
        
               | specto wrote:
               | https://sriramsami.com/feed.xml
        
             | iamwil wrote:
             | Where do we sign up to be notified when this is released?
        
               | Mikejames wrote:
               | +1
        
               | datameta wrote:
               | same here
        
         | 123pie123 wrote:
         | I do like this
         | 
         | what technology advancement would be needed to increase the
         | detection rate and reduce the false positives?
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | Right, a few things would be very useful:
           | 
           | - Increasing the resolution of ToF cameras (right now images
           | are around 320 x 240) --> reflections from hidden cameras can
           | then be more detailed, whereas now it's only 1 or 2 pixels
           | each.
           | 
           | - Increasing the bit-depth of ToF images - right now every
           | pixel is only 3 bits (8 colors). It's very hard to
           | differentiate bright hidden camera reflections from
           | everything else, so we had to do a lot of work for that.
           | 
           | - API improvements in conjunction with augmented reality
           | libraries, e.g., a) allowing Android devs to enable the
           | flashlight when AR apps are running b) more raw access to the
           | ToF sensor if possible
        
             | debt wrote:
             | 320 x 240, is this the resolution of the depth data
             | provided by the LiDAR sensor?
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Yep, exactly.
        
               | pnw wrote:
               | Samsung started marketing their ISOCELL Vizion 33D camera
               | in 2020 with 640 x 480 resolution. So it's likely we'll
               | see better ToF resolution announced in some phones in the
               | next year or two.
               | 
               | Great project btw!
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Thank you! Actually, my understanding when I started this
               | project was that I would get a 640 x 480 image (IMX516
               | sensor). However, I could only get a 320 x 240 image from
               | the sensor through the Android API, so that was a bit of
               | an oddity.
        
               | datameta wrote:
               | The results are even more impressive with that
               | considered!
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | Thank you! Hoping for higher resolutions soon.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | The next project would be creating another device to detect
         | these spy camera detectors
        
           | stinos wrote:
           | A hidden camera which detects ToF sensors
        
         | 14 wrote:
         | I was wondering if cameras started using anti-reflective glass
         | would this prevent detection? Some of the glass I've looked up
         | say they reflect less than 1% of light. How sensitive is your
         | app could it detect 1% reflections? Thanks
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | It's lens + sensor stackup reflection. Camera sensors are
           | much more reflective than a lens.
        
             | 14 wrote:
             | So would something like anti reflective glass for light
             | coming into the camera then another layer of like tint that
             | will stop light from reflecting back out if the camera? Ya
             | I know that doesn't exist but That is because they were not
             | trying to do undetected as hard before. Just thinking of
             | counter surveillance techniques.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > Just thinking of counter surveillance techniques.
               | 
               | Counter-counter surveillance techniques, IIUC.
        
             | frizensami wrote:
             | Yep, the combination is highly reflective. I cited another
             | work (by a physics research group) in a comment that
             | modelled and tested this effect comprehensively.
        
               | 14 wrote:
               | Would you speculate if anti reflective glass on the
               | outside of the camera and a layer of one way tint on the
               | inside that would allow light through but prevent it from
               | reflective back out? I'm just thinking what we will
               | expect in the future to sell the "undetectable spy
               | camera".
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | That's a great question. I'm not totally sure if this is
               | possible. If it was, I think one-way mirrors would use
               | this technology. For now, it seems like they only work
               | because they only let 50% of the light through + there's
               | a brightness differential between both sides. Perhaps
               | someone more informed about this could chime in.
        
         | ticklemyelmo wrote:
         | Could this be applied to longer-range applications? Concert /
         | theater cameras, camera / binocular observers, counter-sniper
         | detection?
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | While the broader technique should work for those
           | applications, the platform (smartphone ToF sensors) probably
           | won't. Smartphone ToF sensors have a pretty limited range. We
           | were only able to detect cameras within 1 metre of the
           | smartphone because we're really using the hardware for
           | something it's not intended for.
           | 
           | For the applications you suggest, there are some existing
           | military-looking devices out there that use multiple lasers
           | to find sniper scopes, for example. My basic searching shows
           | at least https://www.ldsystems.us/product/sniper-optics-
           | detector/#, though I'm sure there's more.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Great work!
         | 
         | Do you have a link to where you can buy these types of time of
         | flight lasers/sensors? Curious about the additional hardware
         | cost versus sensitivity.
        
           | frizensami wrote:
           | Thank you!
           | 
           | While this work operates on ToF sensors that are already
           | present in smartphones (e.g., Samsung S20+/Ultra), a
           | Microsoft/Azure Kinect should also be a valid option because
           | it has a depth camera as well. It has a higher resolution and
           | bit-depth as well.
           | 
           | We initially intended to compare against the Kinect, but it
           | doesn't fit the use case (something that you can have on you
           | at all times). However, it could be a cheap choice for a
           | different kind of deployment (automated hidden camera
           | detection with robots, perhaps?)
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | So I had no idea phones have ToF sensors these days. Do
             | most phones have them or only the high-priced flagships?
             | What are the actual intended uses for them?
        
               | frizensami wrote:
               | High priced flagships have them but there are also a few
               | midrange phones like the Huawei P30 Pro that have them
               | too. The trend seems pretty positive towards more ToF
               | sensors in phones, especially because Apple has had them
               | for two iPhone Pros in a row now.
               | 
               | They're basically for augmented reality applications
               | because they sense depth. Placing objects at the right
               | size and scale in the augmented view is much easier and
               | more accurate with the ToF sensors, for instance.
        
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