[HN Gopher] I Can't See You but I'm Not Blind
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I Can't See You but I'm Not Blind
        
       Author : rognjen
       Score  : 128 points
       Date   : 2021-12-14 14:05 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (steveblank.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (steveblank.com)
        
       | petercooper wrote:
       | Is there a more practical test for this than trusting what the
       | person answering says? Like the aphantasia equivalent of one of
       | those colorblind pictures where different people see different
       | numbers.
       | 
       | I struggle to determine if I _can_ visualize imagery or not. I
       | don 't trust my initial answers and would prefer something that
       | is less dependent on my own assessment. Would something like a
       | (lack of) aptitude for manipulating unfolded 3D shapes or
       | something work for this, perhaps? Or the ability to plan a route
       | based on the shortest map distance? Because I _can_ do that..
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia#Research
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | Thanks. A couple of ideas mentioned there for anyone else:
           | "measuring cortical excitability in the primary visual
           | cortex" and measuring skin perspiration/fear response in a
           | situation where a story that triggers mental imagery is
           | followed by imagery that might "amplify" the former. These
           | both seem rather limited to measurements in study groups and
           | both require equipment, but interesting nonetheless!
        
       | heynow0 wrote:
       | I attribute my inability to draw on this.
       | 
       | If I try to imagine what a mouse looks like, I have no idea. And
       | thus trying to draw it results in a disaster.
       | 
       | My mom and brother can draw very well. I should ask them about
       | aphantasia. But im pretty sure my aphantasia is cause of my
       | inability to sketch anything even remotely well.
        
       | vanderZwan wrote:
       | I remember reading about aphantasia while I was in art school. It
       | made me wonder if the opposite also might exist: being _really
       | good_ at visualizing images in your head, and whether or not some
       | of the people in my school might have it. The few classmates I
       | asked thought I was being ridiculous, so I dropped the subject. I
       | still wonder how one might test this though.
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | VVIQ covers low and high ability.[1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vividness_of_Visual_Imagery_Qu...
        
         | egypturnash wrote:
         | There is a story that one of the animators in the 1940s Warners
         | studio got into a car accident, and suffered a mild concussion.
         | When he recovered, he found that his visualization was much
         | improved - suddenly he could visualize the simple construction
         | of the characters, and "trace" it directly onto the paper. This
         | resulted in him being able to draw a lot faster, so that's a
         | pretty obvious test.
         | 
         | (IIRC I got this story from Chuck Jones' autobiography, if you
         | want citations.)
         | 
         | My personal experience as an artist is that some strains of
         | marijuana can give my visualization abilities a temporary boost
         | into that domain; a lifetime of regular drawing also tends to
         | improve these skills - I'm fifty, and I can skip a _lot_ of
         | steps that younger me couldn 't. I generally like to describe
         | the process of learning to draw as "installing a 3d renderer
         | and a library of models on your brain".
        
       | woopwoop wrote:
       | I remain very confused about what aphantasia is. Let me give a
       | concrete example. If you ask me to describe my mother's
       | appearance to you, in as much detail as I can, the output is
       | pretty meager. She's a woman in her early 70s. Tall, about 5'9".
       | Slightly overweight. She has brown hair with streaks of grey. And
       | that's it. I'm embarrassed to note that I cannot recall her eye
       | color from memory.
       | 
       | Does this mean I have aphantasia? From what I have read, I would
       | say the opposite. Though their are many, many people fitting the
       | above description, I'm confident I could pick her out in a lineup
       | of hundreds of them. There is visual data in my head that I
       | cannot articulate about, e.g., bone structure, skin texture,
       | gait, etc. On the other hand, I cannot summon a picture of her in
       | my head with high enough fidelity to be able to recall her eye
       | color. If you are aphantasic, what is your experience recalling
       | someone's face? Is it like this, or is everything you remember
       | verbal, or verbalizable?
        
         | scotu wrote:
         | I would start with the fact that not much in the world is
         | either one thing or another, so also with aphantasia I don't
         | think you either "have it" or you don't. One might have varying
         | degrees of it. I feel I can almost visualize a simple shape
         | like a square, but a face is something I'm sure I cannot
         | visualize.
         | 
         | Then I'd say, in my self-diagnosed experience, I can describe
         | things I remember, maybe not in painstaking detail but I can.
         | I'm not able to see an image of the same thing if I close my
         | eyes and try to imagine it.
         | 
         | I feel like the difference is, I can recognize your face if I
         | see it again, but if I need to recall what you look like I get
         | a list of features written in words out of my brain, not an
         | image.
        
           | woopwoop wrote:
           | Is your typical verbal description of a face you remember as
           | sparse as the one I gave? Are their other things about the
           | face you remember that you cannot put into words, or is
           | everything you remember verbal?
        
             | scotu wrote:
             | yeah, I'd say my description could be pretty similar. But
             | when it comes down to sparse descriptions, I think memory
             | also has a role. My memory is not fantastic, so I might
             | have just dropped the memory of eye colors, unless that
             | came up a few times for some reason for me to fix that
             | memory.
             | 
             | But thinking about coming up with an unknown, generic face
             | (GAN style, if you will): I cannot see it. Or something
             | simpler, an apple: very foggy visual+takes a lot of effort
             | to keep seeing the vague blurry image I might be able to
             | come up with.
        
       | rietta wrote:
       | Wow, this is interesting. And I am now wondering if describes how
       | I process visual information mentally. Outside of dreaming I do
       | not specifically see anything visually if I close my eyes and
       | think about something. I can describe. I can attempt to draw
       | badly (more of a comment on my low artistic ability).
        
       | Lealen wrote:
       | On the other hand it seems that I have hyperphantasia (I can
       | visualize anything, animate it, rotate, check any of the details)
       | and at the same time I work as an software engineer, but in
       | contrary to what people might think it helps me a lot as I can
       | visualize and remember all the parts of the code that I work on.
       | 
       | I once worked on a tool that should let me code using blocks
       | (like in Unreal Engine for example), but to allow it for me to
       | write in my favorite language (Golang). I was really surprised
       | with the overall experience and usability of this solution and I
       | think it could help people like me to focus more on the coding
       | aspect.
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | Have you tried OpenSCAD (https://openscad.org/) yet? If you
         | have hyperphantasia _and can code_ getting a 3D printer and
         | fooling around in OpenSCAD could become your new favorite hobby
         | /addiction!
         | 
         | Come join the fun! Examples of some stuff I made with OpenSCAD:
         | 
         | https://gfycat.com/edibleartistichornbill (Low-poly Rose Twist
         | Vase)
         | 
         | https://gfycat.com/carefulangrybirdofparadise (just a neat
         | keycap)
         | 
         | https://gfycat.com/costlyglaringhyracotherium (an entire
         | keyboard: Switches, stabs, case, keycaps, etc were all made
         | with OpenSCAD)
         | 
         | Warning: OpenSCAD can be frustrating because of how they
         | designed the language but eventually you get the hang of "how
         | it wants you to do that" hehe. RANT: Drives me nuts having to
         | use `: ?` for conditional assignments everywhere. I _hate_ the
         | ternary operator! It 's so obtuse.
        
       | codazoda wrote:
       | My boss has this and I believe it's a real thing.
       | 
       | That said, how do you know? If I "close my eyes an imagine the
       | apple in the picture" I can both see "black" like the author
       | mentioned and I can imagine what an apple looks like. I would
       | describe what I see as a photo of that apple but I can't actually
       | see the apple. But I don't see a list of facts about it either.
       | 
       | So, is this a language barrier? Are there tests we can run to
       | prove that I can see things in my minds eye that others cannot?
       | Can I prove that I have the ability and that I don't fall into
       | the 2%?
       | 
       | Edit: Apparently, yes, if I would just follow the links. The test
       | says I have visual hyperphantasia but I still wonder, is this
       | just the way I think about the things I conjure up in my mind? :P
        
       | kkjjkgjjgg wrote:
       | What is meant by "seeing in ones mind"? And how can he have that
       | disability, but still see images in dreams? How do they test for
       | this?
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | I believe they test this with the "paper folding test".
         | Something like this: https://www.123test.com/spatial-reasoning-
         | test/
         | 
         | If you can answer at least one of those questions you probably
         | don't have aphantasia.
        
           | caymanjim wrote:
           | Is this really testing aphantasia? I would think that to do
           | that you'd have to show someone the first image, give them
           | time to remember it or whatever, and then ask them which of
           | the shapes are possible without reference to the original
           | image. I think anyone can look back and forth between these
           | things and reason about how they come together ("this is not
           | adjacent to that so this folded version is not possible").
        
             | durovo wrote:
             | Yeah, I have the same concern as well. However, I felt that
             | being able to visualize things in my head allowed me to
             | solve some of these problems very quickly (in around 4-5
             | seconds). I can make the 2-d image collapse into the 3-d
             | object in my head. I guess not having aphantasia would make
             | you quicker on these tests? I must admit though, I had to
             | look back and forth for some problems as well.
        
           | sethhovestol wrote:
           | I am mind-blind in every sense, yet I got a 9/10 on that.
           | It's still only checked by qualitative things, how a person
           | self reports about it. I know it's not just a language thing
           | though. My go to example is that if you knew morgan freedman
           | wrote this you could read it in his voice in your head. I
           | can't, I'd recognize his voice, but I can't use it in my
           | head.
        
       | fieryskiff11 wrote:
       | confirmed npc
        
       | jodrellblank wrote:
       | I can, and for context I've known about the distinction of people
       | who can and cannot for years; even then I didn't notice until
       | last year that I can't smell or taste in my imagination and other
       | people can. "Lemon" to me is pictures of lemons, to my mum it's a
       | lip-curlingly intense sour taste.
       | 
       | You'd think it would be a simple hop years ago from sight to the
       | other senses and which ones work in my head and which don't. But
       | no, smell and taste are "out of sight, out of mind" for me in a
       | way that sight isn't. When they aren't present I don't have a
       | good way of thinking about them and don't really think about them
       | much at all.
       | 
       | What about the other senses, can people imagine kinaesthetic body
       | positions of poses they aren't currently doing? Can people
       | imagine balancing on a high-wire or being off-balance on a moving
       | boat, while sitting on steady ground?
        
       | yupper32 wrote:
       | What's the opposite?
       | 
       | I can vividly picture people. I can recognize and describe most
       | people I've ever met in my adult life. I can remember and picture
       | our conversation we had the one and only time we met at a bar 3
       | years ago. Where we were in the bar, the people around us, the
       | drinks we had (at least the type of glass, I can't taste in my
       | head).
       | 
       | But your name? No where to be found. Disappears almost instantly.
       | 
       | It's incredibly frustrating.
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | A lot of us are better with faces than names, and can remember
         | when and where and what we were doing with someone and forget
         | their name at the same time.
        
         | cescobedo wrote:
         | hyperphantasia
        
       | obventio56 wrote:
       | I'm not sure why I'm the first to point this out on HN (which is
       | usually a pretty skeptical group) but "aphantasia" is very poorly
       | studied (1). I've met plenty of people who claim to have it but
       | it seems more like a failure of language to compare experience.
       | That explanation seems more reasonable to me than a few people
       | are wired differently.
       | 
       | (1) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia
        
         | stevebmark wrote:
         | I wonder about this too, and what's interesting is it seems
         | very difficult to objectively say if people perceive things
         | "visually" in their mind's eye. I can imagine a flat gray 5
         | pointed star in my mind, and of course there's not a visual
         | experience like my eyes, it's more of an imagination of the
         | visualization of seeing.
         | 
         | I also wonder if this is a trainable skill. Some people think
         | being able to roll their Rs is genetic, or being able to curl
         | their tongue, however there is no genetic component to these,
         | they're both trainable.
         | 
         | When I close my eyes and imagine something visually, I'm
         | shutting off the attention to the blackness my closed eyes are
         | seeing. I ignore that input pathway into my brain. It feels
         | like my center of consciousness moves up/above my eyes, or
         | recedes behind my eyes, into my brain, and this is where I'm
         | able to craft visual images. Do folks with aphantasia over
         | focus on the blackness / input from their eyes, trying to make
         | something appear in that visual pathway, and it's a matter of
         | training?
         | 
         | I think what's difficult for me is that the ability to
         | visualize something feels like an inherent part of how the mind
         | works. I'm skeptical that people are "wired differently"
         | outside of genetic disorders, injuries and schizophrenia. We
         | all have brains with the same number of lobes, we all have a
         | limbic system, hormones, consciousness. There's certainly
         | variations in degrees of experience, and the core wiring is the
         | same.
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | Some aphantasics weren't born with it. Many have vivid dreams.
         | So they can compare their own experiences.
         | 
         | How do you explain the perceptual priming, cortical
         | excitability, and skin conductance differences mentioned in
         | that article?
        
         | phaedrus wrote:
         | I have hyperphantasia. It's like having a CAD program inside my
         | mind, and I can design entire physical devices, machines, or
         | structures and later when I build them the 3D arrangement of
         | the parts works out just as well in the physical world as my
         | mental model indicated. I can also plan out algorithms for
         | generating or slicing 3D triangle meshes in my mind, and when I
         | write out the algorithm it works on the computer just as I
         | thought it would.
         | 
         | I think "positive" demonstration of such abilities would be
         | difficult to pin on the difference between individuals being
         | just a "failure of language to compare experience." HOWEVER - I
         | share your skepticism on the lack of demonstrability of the
         | "negative" side of that equation in subjective experience. Let
         | me explain:
         | 
         | I don't feel I have an inner monologue. Subjectively my mental
         | process feels entirely nonverbal. Without other people around
         | and a need to communicate with them, I only think in pictures
         | and pure concepts. I can pull up a voice in my imagination, but
         | it's much more like replaying a tape recorded message (complete
         | with whatever environmental noise) than a narrative associated
         | in some special way with my train of thought.
         | 
         | So I can understand aphantasia by analogy to how I myself once
         | thought "the voice in your head" was a figure of speech. (And I
         | did and still do think the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is BULLshit.)
         | But I should also be skeptical as to whether my conscious
         | experience is _actually_ totally nonverbal, or if I am just
         | discounting things that are actually there or describe it
         | differently.
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | I can understand the skepticism. I have aphantasia and am
         | equally skeptical that most people can actually "see" anything.
         | When I'm supposed to visualize a beach, for example, for me
         | it's merely a list of things I would tell the setup crew to
         | make if this were a movie. Chair, umbrella, lifeguard stand,
         | ship on the horizon, trail of footsteps along the water's edge,
         | film it at sunset.
         | 
         | I have found differences between myself and others, though.
         | When I need to meet someone I don't see very often in a
         | restaurant, I get stressed. For most people it's no big deal,
         | but I can't picture what the person looks like, I can only
         | thing in general terms of build, hair color, age, etc. I have
         | to look at everyone, and hope that a spark of recognition
         | happens. Similarly, when driving to a place I haven't been very
         | often (if I'm not relying on digital navigation) I have to hope
         | to recognize certain buildings or intersections. I only
         | remember them as "look for the house with large rocks along the
         | edge, then it's three farther down". I'll even "disappear" when
         | I'm thinking deeply enough about a problem occasionally, only
         | coming back with an answer and no idea if I was thinking
         | visually, verbally, or in some other abstract manner. I can
         | almost never tell you what someone I saw intermittently
         | throughout the day was wearing unless I make a special note
         | about it.
         | 
         | It is really difficult to put into words, especially since the
         | vocabulary is against those with aphantasia. "Picture a
         | sunset". For me it's more like: describe a sunset. It's not a
         | complete binary, either. I can close my eyes and "picture" a
         | wireframe cube in front of me. In no way do I actually "see"
         | it, but I can tell you it's there, and I can rotate it around
         | an axis. All I'm doing though is thinking about where the
         | corners would be if I could see it and where they would be if
         | it rotated. When I talk to people about this, they adamantly
         | tell me they "see" something.
        
           | phaedrus wrote:
           | I have hyperphantasia but also difficulty with faces. If the
           | person changed their hair, applied their make-up differently,
           | is standing at an angle I haven't seen them from before, etc.
           | it won't match the hyper-specific image my memory has of them
           | and my brain will give me a very strong "NOT THE SAME PERSON"
           | signal.
           | 
           | So ironically I share your apprehension about needing to meet
           | and recognize someone in a restaurant, but for the opposite
           | reason!
           | 
           | The comparison extends to driving as well. Instead of
           | worrying about recognizing a building or intersection, I have
           | the opposite problem: I have often gotten lost when something
           | changed about the street I needed to turn down. Sometimes I
           | can't even pin down what it is but some details are wrong and
           | I get an extreme _jamais vu_ telling me  "THIS IS NOT IT". So
           | I drive past and get lost, turn back looking and again my
           | brain tells me "THIS IS NOT IT".
           | 
           | When by elimination I realize no this really must be the
           | correct street, the entire rest of the trip I have this
           | Twilight Zone kind of feeling that makes me physically ill in
           | my stomach because nothing looks "right" anymore and
           | consciously overriding it is something akin to forcing
           | yourself up a ladder with vertigo.
        
           | axby wrote:
           | Interesting. I find that I can relatively easily picture an
           | imaginary beach, and recall mental images from my past of
           | being on a beach. I tried imagining a few different fruits
           | like another commenter mentioned, and I don't have any
           | trouble with it. I can imagine a detailed banana with some
           | brown specs, not just a cartoon yellow shape.
           | 
           | But what you said about meeting a person you haven't seen
           | often resonates with me. For people I know well, I can
           | conjure up a number of detailed images of them from my past
           | and I feel like it refreshes my memory. But I feel like every
           | now and then, for someone I haven't seen much (or recently),
           | I'll just "forget" what someone looks like completely and
           | only have vague ideas like hair colour, age, height. Once I
           | see them though, I usually have a "speak of recognition" as
           | you mentioned.
           | 
           | I am especially curious about how anyone is able to give a
           | decent description of a criminal or something like that
           | (since it seems like people often do). I feel like I might
           | struggle to recognize someone after they interviewed me for
           | an hour, at least days later.
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | > I am especially curious about how anyone is able to give
             | a decent description of a criminal or something like that
             | (since it seems like people often do). I feel like I might
             | struggle to recognize someone after they interviewed me for
             | an hour, at least days later.
             | 
             | I've never been called upon to remember a criminal for the
             | police or in a court room, but I do occasionally describe
             | someone to myself mentally if I see something suspicious.
             | Something along the lines of "tall, long coat, black hair,
             | square face, just standing there watching things". It helps
             | me to remember in case it's important later.
             | 
             | And to throw another wrench in things, I don't have much of
             | an inner monologue either. I can't hear myself speak in my
             | mind, but if I'm working out how to phrase something I'll
             | feel my vocal chords make small movements as I think of the
             | phrasing. It's another one of those things that is hard to
             | describe. I think of the word as if I'm saying it
             | internally, but I don't actually hear it. I've heard my
             | name called on the edge of sleep before, so I know what
             | that is like. I don't have that kind of experience
             | otherwise.
             | 
             | My mind is a dark, quiet place :)
        
             | axby wrote:
             | Splitting out my other thoughts into a new comment:
             | 
             | I also have an awful short term memory, but can usually
             | remember concepts from many years ago in great detail. Also
             | text based content is way easier for me to remember than
             | hearing it-- if someone tells me their name multiple times
             | then I'll have trouble remembering it. But if I see
             | someone's picture and their name written down, usually it
             | sticks with me. Words are even worse, especially if I don't
             | know what they mean. (I hate acronyms if I don't know what
             | they stand for) If someone tries to give me a list of
             | numbers or dates out loud, it barely makes any sense to me,
             | I simply can't keep that all in my head at once, I need to
             | process one at a time. But if I can see them written down,
             | usually having to make a diagram of some sort, it's easy
             | and I'll remember it for a while.
             | 
             | Overall I wonder if I would have led a very different life
             | if I lived in an age before common literacy, or perhaps
             | even without ubiquitous computers. I've been successful in
             | my career with software, but if my job required me to keep
             | track of a bunch of things without having the chance to
             | write them down, I think I'd be screwed. Hell, I have to
             | really focus when counting scoops of coffee or something
             | simple like that. Going through a large list of data is
             | difficult unless I can annotate it. I could see myself
             | making stupid mistakes a lot if I had to do a job with real
             | time consequences. But luckily for software (and school
             | assignments, way back) I've been successful when I've had
             | time to write stuff down and think it through, and edit my
             | work/answer.
             | 
             | Sorry this kind of got off topic, but I can definitely
             | relate to getting stressed about meeting someone in a
             | restaurant. And as far as I know, I don't have aphantasia
             | at all, at least based on everyone's descriptions of it.
        
           | anyfoo wrote:
           | Sorry for asking the same questions as I did above, but this
           | is very interesting to me. When you work with equations in
           | your head, you do not work with visual representations of
           | your equations? What about electronic circuits (if you do
           | that) and, say, the current flowing through them, do you
           | trace that in an actual representation (one out of almost
           | infinitely many possible), or something more abstract? If you
           | remember things from a textbook, do you sometimes remember
           | where on a page you've seen it (e.g. a table, a graph, a
           | picture, or just text) and the general shape of it, or is
           | that impossible as well?
        
             | v64 wrote:
             | Not OP, but also have visual aphantasia. Not speaking for
             | others, but for me personally, my mind is entirely
             | auditory. I hear my thoughts as spoken words, and if I'm
             | thinking about something complex, it resembles a crowd of
             | chatter where I can focus in on certain conversations while
             | tuning out the rest.
             | 
             | I majored in math, and when working with equations, I will
             | literally hear in my head things like "eff of ex equals two
             | ex squared plus ex plus five". If I'm multiplying 36 by 7
             | in my head, I will hear "seven times six is forty-two, hold
             | the two, carry the four, seven times three plus four is
             | twenty-five, the answer is two fifty two."
             | 
             | If that sounds like a difficult way to mentally calculate,
             | I'll note that I'm not a good mental calculator. :)
             | Abstract algebra and logic are much easier for me to grasp
             | than fields requiring more visual intuition like geometry
             | and topology.
             | 
             | Remembering things from a textbook, I usually just remember
             | the content, although there are also cases too where I'll
             | remember I got it from the textbook with the bicycle on the
             | cover or some detail like that, not because I visually
             | remember the bicycle, but rather because I've textually
             | committed that book in my mind as "the book with the
             | bicycle on the cover". If you asked me what color the
             | bicycle is, I won't remember because I didn't note that in
             | my mental description.
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | When I'm working with equations in my head, which I don't
             | do often, I think of them as a list of terms and what's
             | done with them. No visual representation, just a memorized
             | list. For electronic circuits, I would probably remember
             | what connects with what, but not how they are laid out
             | spatially. For textbooks, I do remember sometimes that the
             | specific text I'm think of is found on a left page near the
             | top, but I can't see it. That's just where my eyes will
             | scan when I look for it again. Most often I don't, though,
             | unless I poured over it a lot when learning it.
             | 
             | I doubled majored in math and cs in school, and I found
             | that the 400-level math courses were easier for me than
             | others and I think it's because most people were trying to
             | visualize things that were hard to visualize. For me, it
             | was just another equation to work with.
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | I don't think about the visual representation of equations.
             | I think about the equations, not in any specific
             | representation, but as what they are. I think my mental
             | abilities are roughly average, including my ability to
             | picture things when reading books, but I have noticed that
             | people with extremely good imaginations don't often have a
             | mental slot for "equations," as they actually are, but only
             | for images of written expressions that represent equations.
             | 
             | It's probably all the same in the end. After all, the only
             | paper shortage that our world seems to be prone to is the
             | persistent and reoccurring problem with toilet tissue. It's
             | funny how all the different ways of doing the same thing
             | average out in the end, but I suppose that's evolutionary
             | inevitable - if one way of going about it was better than
             | any other, we'd all be descendant from someone who had
             | those genes.
        
               | anyfoo wrote:
               | And you are able to manipulate complex equations without
               | any visual tools, just by "thinking about what they are"?
               | For example mentally multiply a term into nominator and
               | denominator of a rational function? That's just
               | inconceivable to me. Where's your "scratch pad"
               | essentially. To me it works pretty much like it works on
               | paper, only that the "paper" is in my head, and the
               | visuality of it all (being able to "focus" on a
               | particular part of the equation etc.) helps in keeping
               | the problem tractable, otherwise even a relatively simple
               | equation quickly becomes overwhelming to manipulate.
               | 
               | (To say nothing about the other meaning of the word
               | "complex", i.e. complex numbers. Getting a good grasp of
               | Fourier or Laplacians without a complex and/or s-plane in
               | my head is fruitless. I admire anyone who just "gets it"
               | without visual aids... real or imagined ones, because
               | that pun was also too good to pass up).
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | You are able to conceive of it, you're just doing it
               | without realizing what you're doing. Someone with a good
               | imagination but no math knowledge at all could picture
               | the same squiggly lines as you can, but without meaning.
               | In your head there exists both the squiggly lines, and
               | what they mean. All you have to do is fill in the last
               | quadrant, which would be holding the meaning without
               | picturing the lines. I would suggest that you might be
               | using the meaning scratch space without using the
               | imagination scratch space every time you think about
               | something that can't be pictured.
               | 
               | You know how some people can't wink? If one eyelid was
               | picturing an equation, and the other was interpreting it
               | by what it meant, well, you see where the analogy is
               | going, people with bad imaginations would be people with
               | an eyepatch, who happen to all be perfect at winking.
        
         | zepto wrote:
         | Why? There are seemingly plenty of different ways that people
         | are wired. Assuming everyone is wired the same seems like a
         | preposterous null hypothesis given how varied we are in every
         | observable way.
        
         | Accacin wrote:
         | Yeah, it's one of those things people like to claim because it
         | makes us that little bit more unique.
         | 
         | I don't think I fully have it personally as I swear there's
         | sometimes I van visualise something, but it's for like
         | literally a second and it's gone - I only ever remember that
         | happening before I slept.
         | 
         | Occasionally I do have dreams (that I remember) that are very
         | vivid too.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | > That explanation seems more reasonable to me than a few
         | people are wired differently.
         | 
         | Do you think that everyone is wired the same? That would seem
         | to be very unlikey to me. Aside from the fact that people react
         | wildly differently to the same circumstances, consider how
         | varied people's physical attributes are. It would be weird if
         | we varied so much physical but were mentally all the same.
         | Especially as a large part of mentality is almost certainly
         | dependent on the brain, and the brain is a physical organ just
         | like the rest of our bodies.
        
       | ratmice wrote:
       | I always wondered to what extent aphantasia affects mundane
       | tasks, like setting something down, turning out the lights and
       | picking it back up in the dark. I always seem to use a mental
       | image of the thing in the space where I left it.
        
         | necovek wrote:
         | That's more a spatial awareness and memory, I think.
         | 
         | I think I might have "aphantasia" (or I am not trying hard
         | enough :)), but I can perfectly well find things I left
         | somewhere in the dark. I could also easily find that place I
         | got to once through a maze of one-way streets following
         | instructions by someone else weeks ago by kinda-recognizing
         | buildings and houses where I need to make turns. I couldn't
         | describe what those houses looked like for the life of me, but
         | I could perfectly recognize them once I saw them.
         | 
         | All of these are things I've noticed in the past, but never put
         | a name to it (not that I looked).
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | I've read a lot of stuff about aphantasia but I don't know if I
       | can see things in my minds eye or not. I'm not sure if the
       | visualizations I can summon are what people are talking about
       | when they use the term "mind's eye". I would not describe them as
       | "seeing", more like "memory".
       | 
       | This is operating with the assumption that people with aphantasia
       | can still remember what things look like (something I can do). I
       | guess I can't tell the difference between remembering what
       | something looks like and what people mean when they say "seeing
       | something in their head".
       | 
       | I can remember what things look like that I haven't seen, such as
       | "a life-size elephant made of gold" because I remember what gold
       | looks like and what an elephant looks like. I can imagine this
       | even with my eyes open and looking at other things, but it's
       | nothing like "seeing" with a "mind's eye".
       | 
       | Is this aphantasia?
        
       | torstenvl wrote:
       | I'm sorry, but I find it extraordinarily difficult to believe
       | that the author cannot see in his mind, cannot speak in his mind,
       | _and_ that he didn 't realize this was odd until adulthood.
       | 
       | For that to be true, it would seem like the following would also
       | have to be true:
       | 
       | - He never heard anyone talk about dreams
       | 
       | - He never had a teacher tell anyone to read in their heads
       | 
       | - He never saw anyone draw or paint or sketch except directly in
       | front of the object of their art
       | 
       | - He never saw a TV show where a police sketch artist was used
       | and people describe what they see in their memory of an event
       | 
       | - He never saw a TV show where the act of "visualizing" something
       | was demonstrated visually
       | 
       | - He never saw someone try to remember the numbers in a PIN or
       | other code by following their mental image
       | 
       | - He never heard about someone having a photographic memory
       | 
       | - Etc.
       | 
       | It just strikes me as entirely implausible.
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | There are similar experiences reported by many, many people.
         | Check out /r/aphantasia, it's full of people saying variations
         | on "omg my whole life I didn't realize 'mental images' weren't
         | metaphorical!!!" Example:
         | 
         | https://teddit.net/r/Aphantasia/comments/qurw0k/what_sayingp...
         | 
         | >Police sketches. I never realised other people could remember
         | those kinds of details (e.g., particular facial features)
         | because they can 'see' the person's face in their memory.
         | 
         | Film, TV, books etc have an arsenal of narrative shorthands and
         | contrivances to depict people's thoughts, because the mind is
         | so difficult to describe objectively. People don't really have
         | thought bubbles, their mental narration isn't usually in
         | complete sentences, their dreams aren't real-life-except-foggy-
         | and-white-tinted, they don't literally imagine a lightbulb
         | activating when they have an idea. And then there are figures
         | of speech: "train of thought", "memory lane", "brain fog". We
         | take for granted that these are just metaphors and don't ask
         | whether there is literally a train or a lane or a fog inside
         | someone's head. So for someone who doesn't have mental imagery,
         | all the talk of that subject would just be rationalized as yet
         | another colourful metaphor.
         | 
         | And then you have people like this
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29366734 who just flat-out
         | deny that mental imagery exists and that we're all lying or
         | deluded.
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | I'm 63, literally up until 5 minutes ago I didn't realise that
         | most people (or any people) actually see images when they
         | imagine things, I'm quite flabbergasted, in retrospect it
         | explains lots of things
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | Some people see words or numbers in their heads as shapes (that
         | have no resemblance to how they're drawn). Would it be that
         | surprising that the opposite could also be true? That they
         | literally just have a storage location for words/letters and
         | that's all they "see". They don't have a shape per se but they,
         | "know them when they see (or write) them."
         | 
         | You probably use this same cognitive feature when
         | writing/reading but you don't even realize you're doing it.
         | Here's a simple example: When you read some text with
         | parentheses do you "speak" "open paren" in your mind? What
         | about when you add parentheses around some text? I certainly
         | don't! That's because we perceive punctuation as a completely
         | different thing (in our minds). We just, "know" that a comma or
         | period can indicate a pause (and a good moment to take a
         | breath).
         | 
         | Would it be that surprising if there's some people out there
         | who read and write everything using the same mental mechanism
         | that the rest of us use for punctuation?
        
         | silicon2401 wrote:
         | > cannot see in his mind, cannot speak in his mind, and that he
         | didn't realize this was odd until adulthood
         | 
         | There are countless anecdotes of exactly this scenario across
         | the internet. It's trivial to find people sharing their
         | experiences of growing up without internal monologues, mind's
         | eye, etc, and not realizing that they're different. E.g. they
         | may have thought visualization was a figure of speech. You can
         | find examples in this very thread.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | Many color-blind people do not discover they are color blind
         | until teenage years (or even later). You can live without
         | realizing you're different even when people use different words
         | that to them seem to be describing the same thing.
         | 
         | I recommend reading the classic _The Man Who Mistook His Wife
         | for a Hat_ by Oliver Sacks to learn about the variety of ways
         | brains can malfunction without people ever noticing. For
         | example seeing only the right-side of the world (and, for
         | example, when asked to draw a clock, drawing half a circle and
         | putting all 12 numbers on it without any concern the object is
         | incomplete).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Mistook_His_Wife_f...
        
         | necovek wrote:
         | It seems dreams are not affected by aphantasia.
         | 
         | Reading "in your head" does not require hearing "your voice"
         | while you do that.
         | 
         | I can draw perfectly well, but when it comes to drawing things
         | I've seen, I'll be drawing from my memory of observation of
         | features ("his eyes were close together"), not from the image
         | in my head.
         | 
         | All of your other examples are similar: I never assumed that
         | everyone can visualize exactly the same or that the term
         | "photographic memory" refers to majority of the people: I
         | rather assumed that this was out of the ordinary (and it is,
         | just on the other end of the curve).
         | 
         | I've always had trouble with following flow-charts: they were
         | never helpful for me. But I realised that most people like
         | them, and that it's likely their brains are wired slightly
         | differently.
         | 
         | So in short, I could notice that there are some special things
         | about my brain, but I did not know that this might be
         | "aphantasia" (I was thinking maybe that's why I was so good at
         | math and resolving complex programming problems). I've noticed
         | other things as well which I don't know the name for or if it's
         | only a symptom of a wider difference in processing (eg. I have
         | a hard time separating multiple voices when they are talking at
         | the same time, even when I notice others can easily do it).
         | 
         | I, for instance, don't find it extraordinarily difficult to
         | believe that you find it implausible that adults would only
         | learn about a fringe "condition" like this (which doesn't stop
         | them from any of the daily human activities) later in life, but
         | I find it extremely unreasonable! Because human brains are
         | extraordinarily complex beasts, and we understand only a
         | miniscule part of them.
        
         | zepto wrote:
         | If you find it implausible, you need to simply read the
         | literature on perceptual changes caused by brain lesions.
         | 
         | Try reading "the man who mistook his wife for a hat", by Oliver
         | Sacks.
         | 
         | Most of your examples don't have any obvious connection to what
         | was posted.
         | 
         | E.g. most people don't have a photographic memory and we all
         | know that, so why is that relevant? Reading in your head
         | doesn't require you to visualize anything. It just requires you
         | not to say what you read out loud.
        
         | GistNoesis wrote:
         | The author didn't say he couldn't speak in his mind but that he
         | couldn't hear the sound of their voice in their head.
         | 
         | You can vocalize thoughts and be conscious in a linear train of
         | thought way of what you are saying but not hear them.
         | 
         | This difference is highlighted when you try to sing mentally or
         | play a musical instrument in your head. It's more about the
         | feeling associated in your vocal cords than the feeling
         | associated with your eardrums.
         | 
         | Imagine playing the violin of a melody you have practiced tons
         | of time, you feel every little intonation in your hands, you
         | can feel the emotions you try to give to the music, but hear
         | absolutely nothing. It's like if you where playing the violin
         | with some earplugs.
        
         | caymanjim wrote:
         | > - He never heard anyone talk about dreams
         | 
         | I have vivid dreams. I don't usually remember them, but
         | occasionally enough, and the images are as real as it gets.
         | 
         | > - He never had a teacher tell anyone to read in their heads
         | 
         | I can easily read in my read, but there's no internal imagery
         | involved. I'm looking at something with my eyes and reading it
         | to myself.
         | 
         | > - He never saw anyone draw or paint or sketch except directly
         | in front of the object of their art
         | 
         | I can barely draw. When I do, I'm drawing on memory, but I
         | don't "see" anything in any meaningful sense. If you ask me to
         | draw a dog, I can wing it, but I couldn't draw a specific dog,
         | even my own pet. I can sorta draw simple shapes like a specific
         | cartoon dog (maybe Snoopy), but other people likely wouldn't
         | recognize it as such. If I were to try to draw a picture of
         | Snoopy standing next to Brian Griffin, you wouldn't be able to
         | tell which was which, and neither would be that close to the
         | real thing.
         | 
         | > - He never saw someone try to remember the numbers in a PIN
         | or other code by following their mental image
         | 
         | When I remember numbers, it's never visual. I don't think about
         | how I type a PIN or a phone number. I once memorized the first
         | 100 digits of pi to see if I could. I could, but it took a few
         | hours over a couple weeks, and I can only remember about 10
         | now. It doesn't involve visualization at all. I've always had a
         | good memory for facts/figures/numbers/trivia, but none of it
         | involves visual aids. If anything, I find visual memory tricks
         | to be a layer of abstraction that makes it harder for me to
         | remember the underlying information.
         | 
         | > - He never heard about someone having a photographic memory
         | 
         | You hear about this in popular culture and fictional media all
         | the time, but I question how prevalent it really is. The only
         | person I can recall who really demonstrated it is Stephen
         | Wiltshire[1].
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wiltshire
        
       | jfhufl wrote:
       | Interesting - I may have hyperphantasia? Most of my thoughts are
       | accompanied by images, and I can rotate and unfold things. It's
       | so vivid I seem to have two types of synesthesia:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_form
       | https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/the-rare-humans-who-see-
       | time-and-have-amazing-memories
        
       | sarasasa28 wrote:
       | I can only imagine very vaguely and for just 1/2 seconds, is this
       | it?
        
       | Borrible wrote:
       | Everything you 'see' is just in your mind.
       | 
       | Aphantasia is, some people just can't make their optical qualia
       | up willingly or their optical qualia lack the image quality of
       | their visual capacity.
       | 
       | A lot more people are convinced, what they 'see' through their
       | eyes is outside their mind, because they can't make it up
       | willingly.
       | 
       | But, there is no color outside your mind.
        
         | vinceguidry wrote:
         | Not quite. Color is created in your eyes, by the rods and
         | cones. What the mind sees comes from the eyes, and color
         | blindness is usually caused by genetic defects causing the rods
         | and cones to be differently sensitive than normal.
         | 
         | Those with color blindness have had luck wearing special
         | polarized shades turning some color frequencies into others
         | that the rods and cones can better sense.
        
           | Borrible wrote:
           | So, tell me, what is 'red'? Not the wavelength thingie, I
           | mean your subjective experience of this qualia.
        
             | vinceguidry wrote:
             | Are you asking me about 'a' qualia, or a 'type' of qualia?
        
       | Spinnaker_ wrote:
       | I always thought "picture in your head" was a figure of speech. I
       | was also really confused how police sketch artists worked. I have
       | zero mental imagery of even my wife's face, yet people could
       | somehow describe features of strangers? A lot of things made more
       | sense once I learned about aphantasia.
       | 
       | I can play back very long and complex pieces of music in my mind.
       | I can recreate tastes and smells from years ago. But nothing
       | visually. Even my dreams are missing the visual element.
        
         | SamBam wrote:
         | > I have zero mental imagery of even my wife's face, yet people
         | could somehow describe features of strangers?
         | 
         | But could you describe your wife's features?
         | 
         | And if so, do you think it's because you're reciting a list of
         | memorized facts ("she has brown hair" etc) or because you're
         | drawing on your memory, even if not visually?
         | 
         | Could you describe (at all) any major pieces of art, such as
         | the pose of the Mona Lisa?
        
           | Spinnaker_ wrote:
           | I guess I'm drawing on memory, but not visually. Try closing
           | your eyes. You probably still have a sense of the shape of
           | the room you are in, without actually picturing it right?
           | Like you know how far away the walls are and where the
           | bookshelf is. It's similar with faces. I have some sort of
           | "model" of her face in my head, there's just no visual
           | component.
           | 
           | And as I read that over, I realize it's a terrible
           | explanation. I have no clue how to respond usefully.
        
             | pxc wrote:
             | It's like this for me, too. I have collections of visual
             | facts but they don't cohere into a single visual
             | experience, really
        
         | mercutio2 wrote:
         | I, too, always thought this was just a figure of speech! I can
         | visualize the geometric outline of things (size, approximate
         | shape), but nothing else.
         | 
         | When I realized many people actually can recall a snapshot of
         | things, I realized (part of) how they manage to be so much
         | better at drawing than I am.
         | 
         | Truly hard to walk a mile in anyone else's shoes.
        
         | tartoran wrote:
         | You seem to have some degree of aphantasia. I do too and have
         | similar experiences with audio and olfactory recall as you do.
         | I had once been robbed and when police showed me a few mugshots
         | I completely forgot what the mugger looked like and my theory
         | is that since I could not entertain the image in my mind's eye
         | it was very weak and quickly got disturbed by seeing all the
         | other faces in photos. Id be a terrible eye witness I think
        
         | forty wrote:
         | Interesting that it's different for sound, taste and smell! Do
         | you have an internal narrative?
         | 
         | I think I can kind of imagine what it's like not to be able to
         | picture images in my head but I always have a very hard time
         | imagining what people without internal narrative feel like (as
         | I assume it must be to imagine what it's like to have one when
         | you don't)
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | > I was also really confused how police sketch artists worked.
         | 
         | There are standard "algorithms" how to draw people. You kind of
         | draw standard shapes and then make differences against
         | "standard". Proportions of peoples heads, eyes, noses and other
         | features are surprisingly similar among people.
         | 
         | Sketch artists basically learned very well how to draw peoples
         | faces specifically and what are important features people
         | notice.
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | Forensic artists learn how to help people describe more. They
         | can try different shapes until the witness says it looks right.
         | And the successes get more attention than the failures.
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | Like many mental traits there's a spectrum: Some people (like
         | me) have extreme levels of visualization in our heads. I can
         | picture things I'm imagining in intimate detail which is
         | (probably) why I'm pretty good at turning code into precisely
         | what I'm imagining (e.g.
         | https://gfycat.com/carefulangrybirdofparadise it's a keycap).
         | However, I have such bad long-term memory that I qualified for
         | special needs (mental impairment edition) education (which I
         | did not get enrolled in, for reference).
         | 
         | I'm blind in one eye (since birth) so I don't see in _true_ 3D.
         | I _thought_ it was because of this--and my long term memory
         | issues--that I have a hell of a time remembering peoples faces
         | (or names). I am _not_ the guy prosecutors want as a,  "he saw
         | the perp's face" witness to a crime... I don't have
         | prosopagnosia (true face blindness) but a whole heck of a lot
         | of people look the same _enough_ to me that I have difficulty
         | telling them apart without hearing their voices (I 'm fantastic
         | with voice ID; probably comes naturally when you have trouble
         | with faces haha). Yet I've met people who were also born blind
         | in one eye that are absolutely _fantastic_ at remembering
         | people 's faces (and names, obviously).
         | 
         | So what I'm getting at is that even though I don't have
         | prosopagnosia I have difficulty with faces. There's got to be a
         | spectrum as with most cognitive measurements. Psychiatrists
         | don't have yes/no charts when they test you for things; It's
         | pretty much all scales from 0-10 (or 200-799 for some reason
         | haha).
         | 
         | Just curious (if you read this far): How hard (for you) is a
         | question like this?
         | https://www.123test.com/content/question5.jpeg
        
           | jve wrote:
           | Not parent commenter, but took me maybe 20-30 seconds to come
           | up with the answer with validating by comparing how each
           | character stands to each other.
           | 
           | I can't see images in my head. But at least I can try to fold
           | it within my imagination. I can at least rotate it like in 3D
           | computer program. But void is all I "see" in my imagination.
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | Not that it makes me a genius or something, but it's not that
           | hard for me to picture that cube folding. Or to imagine it
           | folded and rotated. I did have to slow down a little to make
           | sure I wasn't making a mistake about the orientation of the
           | characters.
           | 
           | What about you?
        
             | riskable wrote:
             | I'm great at paper folding visualization. I know this
             | because I was given tests like that (by professionals)
             | twice in my life (99th percentile =).
             | 
             | For reference, that particular cube folding question is
             | easier than others because you can take the "shortcut" and
             | just pay attention to the orientation of the numbers. The
             | ones that I have to stop and think about the most are the
             | ones with nothing but colors or (minor) shading. For
             | whatever reason I find sides with shapes the easiest to
             | visualize... Even if the shape is the same no matter the
             | orientation (e.g. a circle).
             | 
             | Interesting tidbit: I love 3D puzzles and I always try to
             | visualize what it looks like inside (if it's the type where
             | you can't see the inner workings) while I'm figuring it
             | out. I'm almost always _way_ off with what I thought the
             | inside would look like. Different kind of visualization I
             | think. Probably has something to do with the ability to
             | turn physical sensations (i.e.  "what you feel") into a
             | mental image.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | > a whole heck of a lot of people look the same enough to me
           | that I have difficulty telling them apart without hearing
           | their voices (I'm fantastic with voice ID; probably comes
           | naturally when you have trouble with faces haha).
           | 
           | I am the same way. I'm also highly myopic (I got glasses at
           | age 4). There are times I've failed to recognize old friends
           | until they started speaking to me (they did look a little
           | different from the last time I'd seen them).
           | 
           | I always assumed that not seeing very well as a little kid is
           | part of why I sometimes have visual recognition problems,
           | too.
        
             | philsnow wrote:
             | Very interesting, I got glasses at age 5 and I'm exactly
             | the same, including not being able to clearly visualize
             | even my wife's face.
             | 
             | My last job was 100% remote, and I started a week before
             | one of the twice-yearly retreats where everybody gets
             | together in person. Knowing that I'm poor at recognizing
             | faces and poor at remembering names, I threw together
             | https://github.com/philsnow/slanki and was able to put a
             | name to about 50% of the 250 faces I met at that retreat,
             | which felt absolutely like a superpower to me at the time.
        
           | boole1854 wrote:
           | > Just curious (if you read this far): How hard (for you) is
           | a question like this?
           | https://www.123test.com/content/question5.jpeg
           | 
           | Interesting. This question is not hard to solve for me, but I
           | can't solve it by visualizing the cube rotating despite
           | having no trouble visualizing the cube in its initial
           | position. More specifically, when I try to rotate the cube in
           | my mind's eye, to get it "started" rotating, I have to anchor
           | my focus on one particular side of the cube, which I can then
           | rotate correctly. However, this causes me to lose focus on
           | the other sides of the cube, and I can no longer simply look
           | back at them to see how their numbers are oriented after the
           | rotation completes.
           | 
           | When you do it, do you keep all sides "in view" at all times?
           | Can you "focus on" one specific side during the rotation then
           | look back at the others and see that they are still correct?
        
           | Spinnaker_ wrote:
           | Very difficult. I can't fold the cube up in my mind. I tried
           | for a few minutes and just felt frustrated. Instead I needed
           | to look at angles of the numbers relative to each other and
           | eliminate wrong answers.
        
             | perennialmind wrote:
             | Same here: it reduces to a logic problem. I can imagine the
             | transformation, the space, the cube, the rotation
             | individually as concepts, but all of it is more memory than
             | visualization and carrying through the shape and
             | orientation of the numbers seems like magic.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | This is an interesting point, because while I find it trivial
         | to work with geometric objects in my head (see my other post in
         | this thread), I find it very hard to recall a face as anything
         | other than "a face".
         | 
         | I recognize people just fine, but if you sat me down with a
         | sketch artist (or indeed the sketch-artist sub game in Police
         | Quest II), I'm at a loss to say whether someone's eyes are
         | wider or narrower-spaced, whether their mouth is higher or
         | lower, etc. Sometimes I do notice people's noses in the
         | abstract and I may have a describable memory of that, and I
         | think I remember most people's hair shape if not the color. But
         | "A face with a small nose and long hair" is not really much to
         | go on.
         | 
         | Smells, too. I smell just fine, and sometimes smells evoke
         | instant memories, but I can't name a smell that I'm smelling.
         | I'm absolutely at a loss to figure out what herbs are missing
         | from food I'm making, or what I've added too much of. I can't
         | describe tastes or smells beyond a very basic level.
        
       | olalonde wrote:
       | It's weird, I always considered myself as having a photographic
       | memory and now I'm wondering if I have aphantasia. I believe I
       | could draw a scene from memory with quite high resolution and
       | accuracy. But it's not anything like the experience of seeing
       | with my eyes. In fact, closing my eyes barely helps me visualise.
       | I just assumed it was like that for everyone.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | I tried the linked test mostly with my eyes closed. I don't
         | 'see' anything, just black. It improved very slightly if I kept
         | my eyes opened and stared at nothing (blank wall, desk surface
         | etc). Not to the point where I could suddenly 'see' things, but
         | I was able to come off the 1 scale of "knowing" I was thinking
         | of an object.
        
         | kraemahz wrote:
         | Hypophantasia is what limited visualization is called. As with
         | all things biological it is a spectrum of experiences.
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | I wonder if there is a continuum here. I think that I can
       | visualize things in my head, but doing so is difficult for me,
       | and definitely doesn't look exactly the same as if I saw it. And
       | certainly if you tell me to think about an elephant my first
       | instinct would be to think of words that describe an elephant,
       | not summon up images of an elephant. But if pressed I could
       | visualize a shadowy silhouette of an elephant. And I definitely
       | think I can visualize movement and actions, although it is
       | different than normal sight, and there generally isn't a lot of
       | detail in what the things moving look like. I definitely relate
       | to not being able to describe what people look like, because
       | unless I specifically take note of details like what they are
       | wearing, what color their hair is, whether they are wearing
       | glasses etc. or I don't remember those details.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | _The way I'm wired has given me (and likely other founders and
       | those in other fields) an edge._
       | 
       | This seems like wild speculation. The single cited study is also
       | riddled with problems, including comparing 2,000 people with
       | self-reported aphantasia to a set of 200 control individuals from
       | an entirely different study.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I assume that when people close their eyes and see an apple,
       | there's an entire spectrum of how richly present that Apple is.
       | Some, like me, vaguely see a colourless "idea" of an apple while
       | others might even see colour and detail or more.
       | 
       | If this is accurate, it makes me wonder two things:
       | 
       | 1. Is there even a unique condition of not seeing the apple or
       | are you just very far off to one end of the spectrum ? (Perhaps
       | this isn't an important distinction)
       | 
       | 2. Are the people who can very richly see an apple more likely to
       | be artistically inclined?
        
       | pjungwir wrote:
       | > This latest recognition of aphantasia as a neurological
       | difference is only a decade or so old (although references in the
       | literature go back to the 1890's.)
       | 
       | The first time I heard about aphantasia I recalled reading
       | someone, one of the semioticians I think, perhaps Saussure,
       | criticizing Locke for talking about ideas as visual images in
       | your head. "Of course we don't actually see the images," he
       | wrote. At the time I agreed with him, but maybe he and I both
       | have this condition. :-)
        
       | jstanley wrote:
       | > If you want to see what aphantasia is like look at the picture
       | of the Apple. Now close your eyes and try to imagine the apple,
       | seeing it mentally in your mind's eye. If you don't see anything,
       | you might have aphantasia.
       | 
       | I can imagine the apple, but I can't literally _see_ it. Nothing
       | I  "see" has any colour or obvious shape. It's more like a memory
       | of having seen it. I can still describe it, but only the features
       | that I can remember. Is this aphantasia? Is it possible that
       | everyone has "aphantasia" but some people confuse remembering
       | having seen something with actually seeing it? Or is aphantasia
       | actually the inability to even imagine the apple?
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | The way I would describe things (being a programmer) is that my
         | actual eye and my "mind's eye" are using different display
         | devices. The actual eye comes out as a PNG in its full
         | vividness, but the "mind's eye" only "sees"... something like
         | an SVG? It definitely comes across that the "mind's eye" is
         | encoding visual information differently, and words like
         | "wireframe" or "storyboard" (for entire scenes) seem to be a
         | better way of describing it than anything else, although I
         | wouldn't call them great descriptions [1].
         | 
         | The most notable difference is that there's no "visual"
         | encoding of color in my "mind's eye"--all that's there is "this
         | thing is filled with color 3df76346cdcad147dcf0efc07e347bd0"--
         | and when I look at a color palette with my physical eye, I can
         | tell you if that shade is "color
         | 3df76346cdcad147dcf0efc07e347bd0" or not, but if it isn't, I'd
         | struggle to tell you what needs to be done to match the color.
         | It really does seem to be some sort of one-way hash function in
         | encoding color; I can "visualize" a red square or a green
         | square, but something like a color gradient just makes my
         | "mind's eye" go -\\_(tsu)_/-.
         | 
         | [1] I think the general idea to convey is that details can be
         | very flexible. For example, as I wrote this, someone turned on
         | their car (remote start, I presume), got into it, backed out of
         | their parking space, and drove away, and I only know about this
         | through hearing it. I can visualize all that in my mind's eye
         | without having to decide if the car is a sedan, an SUV, a
         | minivan, a convertible--knowing that it's a car is sufficient
         | detail, and the mental imagery doesn't give it any more detail.
         | Then I can decide that it's an SUV, one of those that has some
         | piping in front of the metal grill, and make a pretty detailed
         | image of that front of the car. But the mind's eye usually
         | doesn't bother doing anything beyond a very low level of detail
         | unless prompted.
        
         | causality0 wrote:
         | _Is it possible that everyone has "aphantasia" but some people
         | confuse remembering having seen something with actually seeing
         | it?_
         | 
         | No. Visualizing gives you access to data you weren't
         | consciously aware of and also allows you to make accurate
         | predictions. For example, in the elephant portion of the
         | article I thought about the sight of a bull elephant turning
         | and charging directly at the viewpoint. I was surprised at how
         | significantly the flared ears affected my perception of the
         | size and power of the elephant, and I wondered if they flare
         | their ears specifically for that purpose and if so why I've
         | never heard of that. I googled it and yes, that is the case.
        
           | perennialmind wrote:
           | Oh that's fun. I imagined a distressed elephant walking
           | through the office and pulling down ceiling tiles, the wood
           | floor splintering under the weight. Didn't think about ears.
           | Attitude, mass, height, and building materials: yes. Ears:
           | no.
        
         | DarylZero wrote:
         | Take this test: https://aphantasia.com/vviq/
        
           | illwrks wrote:
           | "You have hyper-aphantasia". Makes sense as I'm a designer
           | and can very easily visualise things, objects etc in my head.
        
           | ud_0 wrote:
           | The problem with this test is I have nothing to compare it
           | to, and the answer spectrum provided is not helpful because
           | it seems concerned with things like how vivid the colors of
           | mental images are.
           | 
           | If I don't actually "see" the object but I know exactly what
           | it looks like to the point of having a clear but abstracted
           | version of it in my head, do I still put the slider all the
           | way to the left, or to the center, or what?
           | 
           | I would say that me "visualising" an object kind of feels
           | like watching a GAN paint an image, only the image is never
           | as explicitly shown as if it was on my retinas. Does that
           | count?
           | 
           | When I close my eyes and I think of an object there is never
           | a danger of me _not realizing_ that my eyes are currently
           | closed. Am I an aphantasiac because of that? Was I supposed
           | to literally hallucinate scenes all the time?
        
             | drcongo wrote:
             | Same here. I didn't think I had aphantasia at all until I
             | tried this test and then realised that me "visualising"
             | something doesn't really bear any relation to being able to
             | see a visual representation of that thing. Mostly it just
             | felt like pulling up memories, and in fact when it asked me
             | to visualise a rainbow I simply couldn't, though I could
             | "see" one when I thought about a photo of a rainbow I took
             | not so long ago. But again, that feels more like simply
             | remembering.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Hallucinations and visualizing are completely different
             | things. Even in my worst psychotic episode, I knew the
             | difference between real and not-real.
             | 
             | The issue was I couldn't filter out the imagined from the
             | real. I knew the source of sensory input but the source
             | didn't matter to the rest of my brain.
             | 
             | People who visualize know what "channel" they are focusing
             | on.
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Similar problem here. I actually notice that the imagery is
             | a fleeting caricature trying to capture what Im attempting
             | to observe, some kind of CGA resolution image of a lake,
             | trees and so on. It's also very confusing that I can
             | actually transpose myself within my imagination where I
             | barely notice Im blind because I can feel it all around.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | > When I close my eyes and I think of an object there is
             | never a danger of me not realizing that my eyes are
             | currently closed.
             | 
             | Hallucination and visualization are distinct things. People
             | without aphantasia who talk about "seeing" things in their
             | mind are not confusing the mental images with the scene in
             | front of them, that would be a hallucination.
        
               | ud_0 wrote:
               | I know they're distinct things, I just wonder about the
               | way visualization is described.
               | 
               | From the way non-aphantasia is characterized here one
               | could assume that the difference is just how much control
               | people have over the content of the image, as opposed to
               | the degree of realism.
               | 
               | A hallucinating person may have an experience that feels
               | indistinguishable from reality, but they can't control
               | what the experience entails. From this test, I gather
               | that a non-aphantasiac person has an equally-as-realistic
               | image in front of them, but they are completely in
               | command of what is shown.
        
               | SamBam wrote:
               | I do think there's a difference between visualizing
               | something clearly and not clearly, though, and this is
               | what the test is asking.
               | 
               | The test asks me to visualize the face of a close friend
               | or relative. I can quite clearly bring to mind my wife's
               | face. I can imagine looking at each individual mole, or
               | different facial expressions she makes.
               | 
               | If I were asked to visualize the face of the barista who
               | served me coffee 20 minutes ago, I could only come up
               | with something vague. I remember he was wearing large
               | earrings, because they stood out to me, but his face is a
               | blur. I mean that literally: when I imagine looking at
               | his face, there are parts that simply won't come into
               | focus or even into view, like they're missing -- in the
               | same way that the dot disappears when you find your blind
               | spot (i.e. not in a "argh, he's missing a nose!" way, but
               | in a "it's just not there, but that's not weird" way).
               | 
               | So I have a pretty clear phenomenological distinction
               | between visualizing things clearly and not.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | That's also just memory. I couldn't describe most servers
               | I've had after a few hours if it was the only time I saw
               | them. Try to imagine _a_ barista. Imagine a scene in a
               | coffee shop, it will get filled in with your actual
               | memories of places you 've been and people you've seen.
               | Can you produce a detailed (but not accurate to reality)
               | mental image of such a place or a barista working there
               | that is comparable to your recall of your wife's face?
               | (maybe not as detailed, but not as fuzzy as trying to
               | recall a specific barista)
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | Or try this: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29367989.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | Not the GP, but it was hard for me to take that test: I can
           | describe features of a thing I am trying to imagine, but it
           | does not show as a visual image at all. So it's all "nothing
           | at all" all the way in the test. My first thought is "am I
           | trying hard enough?"
           | 
           | It sounds like this might be aphantasia, but if it is, it's
           | really hard for someone with it to understand what's being
           | asked of them. :)
           | 
           | I take that to mean that I do have it, but I am just slightly
           | not sure, just like the GP.
        
           | jstanley wrote:
           | Huh, maybe I have aphantasia too, thanks. The lowest level
           | above "no image at all" is "Dim and vague; flat", which are
           | not words that I would ever use to describe thoughts.
           | 
           | But it's hard for me to believe that anyone else _would_ use
           | these words to describe thoughts.
        
             | timvdalen wrote:
             | That was my experience as well. The things in that test are
             | not how I relate to thoughts.
        
         | torstenvl wrote:
         | Most people can see things in their mind that they don't
         | consciously remember as discrete facts. For example, many
         | people have a visual and motor memory of things like passcodes,
         | but do not consciously and discretely remember the digits. A
         | fun example from my own life: when I was a child, during a
         | spelling test, I couldn't remember where to put the "h" in
         | "ghost" until I called to mind the cover of this book:
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/dp/0448405776
        
         | fsflover wrote:
         | > Is it possible that everyone has "aphantasia" but some people
         | confuse remembering having seen something with actually seeing
         | it?
         | 
         | No. See this recent discussion:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29365277.
        
           | jstanley wrote:
           | That thread seems to indeed suggest that people are confusing
           | seeing something with imagining seeing something. The point
           | about the common inability to draw an accurate bicycle seems
           | to prove it.
        
             | codetrotter wrote:
             | I see why you'd think that but it's not how it works for a
             | lot of people. As others have tried to explained to those
             | that think no one can visualize in their head, for most of
             | us that can visualize it's not a photograph in your head.
             | And besides, drawing from imagination takes practice. Heck,
             | even drawing something that is literally right in front of
             | you takes practice.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | That point actually proved nothing. It demonstrated that
             | there's a distinction between:
             | 
             | 1. Ability to visualize
             | 
             | 2. Accuracy of memory
             | 
             | 3. Ability to produce technically accurate drawings
             | 
             | Those aren't _one_ thing, it 's a combination of things.
             | The same commenter tried to use helicopters (a thing which
             | people are even less familiar with in general) to bolster
             | their point. Like I said in that thread, I've got friends
             | who work on helicopters (engineering side) and could
             | produce remarkable technically accurate drawings, and some
             | friends from the same office who couldn't draw to save
             | their lives. It says nothing about their ability to
             | visualize and more about the accuracy of their memory and
             | ability to draw.
        
               | jstanley wrote:
               | The people who had trouble drawing a bicycle from memory
               | would presumably have no problem connecting the right
               | parts if they had a bicycle in front of them, which
               | suggests they are not accurately visualising a bicycle.
        
               | Liquid_Fire wrote:
               | If I read a paragraph of text and then try to write it
               | down from memory, I would probably produce something
               | vaguely similar but not quite exact. Maybe I would change
               | some words or phrases with similar ones, or miss a part
               | entirely. The better I understand the underlying idea,
               | the closer it is likely to be to the original, but unless
               | I reread the paragraph many times with the specific goal
               | of memorising it, I'm unlikely to reproduce it exactly.
               | 
               | Same with visualising a bicycle. I've seen many bicycles
               | and I know what parts a bicycle has and roughly how they
               | fit together, but unless I've paid attention to the exact
               | shape and position of each part, I could at best
               | visualise a rough approximation of a bicycle.
               | 
               | I'm not aware exactly what is wrong, just as I would not
               | be aware of what part of the paragraph I changed. But in
               | many ways it doesn't matter, because the high-level idea
               | is there mostly unchanged, just as with the text. The
               | difference is that if you don't fit the parts in exactly
               | the right way, the bicycle will not work, but I'm
               | unlikely to completely change the paragraph by
               | substituting a few synonyms.
               | 
               | This is not even getting into the jump from visualising
               | to drawing, which would depend on my ability to draw.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Right, but accuracy _with respect to reality_ is not the
               | distinction between aphantasia and non-aphantasia, that
               | 's more about memory or technical knowledge than about
               | the ability to visualize itself. Someone without
               | aphantasia can also visualize fantastical scenes with no
               | connection to reality, either because it is fully
               | fantastical (dragons and dwarves) or not a real memory
               | (imagining meeting with someone, but it hasn't happened
               | yet for you to be able to recall). They could visualize
               | cartoonish scenes or cel shaded scenes or animated XKCD
               | stick figures. None of those are realistic, but they
               | could still be visualized in detail.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | I don't see why one can't imagine a wrong bicycle.
        
         | housecarpenter wrote:
         | I'd slightly trollishly say nobody has aphantasia, it's just
         | that some people make a false distinction between remembering
         | what something looks like and seeing it. Same as what you're
         | saying really, but makes people feel better about themselves,
         | rather than worse.
         | 
         | It seems clear at any rate from the way these discussions
         | always go that aphantasia vs. non-aphantasia, as real as the
         | distinction may be, is hardly predictive of anything else about
         | a person, and the subject only attracts so much interest
         | because people mistakenly assume it's more predictive than it
         | is.
        
         | jhedwards wrote:
         | > Is it possible that everyone has "aphantasia" but some people
         | confuse remembering having seen something with actually seeing
         | it?
         | 
         | Memory doesn't necessarily play a part. I can close my eyes and
         | watch imaginary movies, imagine cartoons, artwork, or really
         | any kind of scene I can think of, and it's just like watching a
         | video except that it takes some mental effort to maintain the
         | scene and draw up the details.
         | 
         | I think it's interesting that the author of the article
         | suggested that aphantasia might be a strength for thinking
         | about highly abstract things. I've found that I can work well
         | with software because I can visualize it like an engine or a
         | system of pipes and machines, but I cannot for the life of me
         | do algebra. I recently was trying to go through an algebra II
         | book when I realized I was constantly trying to visualize the
         | equations and failing. That constant "failing to start" of my
         | visual imagination was both distracting and tiring, and led me
         | to quickly give up. For this reason I think there are
         | definitely advantages for both types of thinking.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | > I've found that I can work well with software because I can
           | visualize it like an engine or a system of pipes and
           | machines, but I cannot for the life of me do algebra.
           | 
           | I'm the same way. Really good at the work I do. Reinventing
           | an existing algorithm? Nope. I can just barely read math
           | notation, but I have to write everything on paper. It
           | requires an amount of logical state I can't achieve without
           | externalizing everything.
        
         | alecbz wrote:
         | > it possible that everyone has "aphantasia" but some people
         | confuse remembering having seen something with actually seeing
         | it?
         | 
         | So FWIW, the way I would describe how I "see" things in my mind
         | is exactly how I'd describe remembering images. I'm not sure if
         | that means I have aphantasia or not.
         | 
         | Like, when people ask "try to see an apple and describe how
         | vivid it is", that question almost doesn't make sense to me, or
         | at least feels like a hopelessly vague and subjective question.
         | I do feel like I "see" an apple, but I have no idea how to
         | describe the vividness of the apple. I would describe it more
         | like: the apple itself is 100% vivid, but my "memory" of seeing
         | this vivid apple may be strong, as if it just happened, or
         | weak.
         | 
         | But I can "see" things in this way I've never literally seen
         | IRL. I can do mental math by imagining numbers on paper, e.g.
         | But the way I'd describe the experience of seeing those numbers
         | is almost exactly what it'd be had I seen them IRL and was now
         | remembering it.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | > So FWIW, the way I would describe how I "see" things in my
           | mind is exactly how I'd describe remembering images. I'm not
           | sure if that means I have aphantasia or not.
           | 
           | I think if you aphantasia, then you wouldn't be able to
           | remember images at all.
        
         | DoktorDelta wrote:
         | That sounds like antaphasia based on what I've read. You might
         | be interested in the materials available at
         | https://aphantasia.com/
         | 
         | They have a more in-depth test there called the Vividness of
         | Visual Imagery Questionnaire
        
       | necovek wrote:
       | Ok, I didn't need to learn that I might have aphantasia too :)
       | 
       | Similar to Steve, I enjoy (and do well at) abstract thought and
       | mathematics.
       | 
       | But contrary to Steve, I dislike diagrams (they are mostly write-
       | only for me) and prefer words for describing complex stuff too. I
       | also enjoy drawing and can draw reasonably well.
       | 
       | Now, my dreams are usually pretty vivid, but I see that's
       | "normal" according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia
        
       | arkj wrote:
       | If the condition of Aphantasia intrigues you then you should
       | check out Blidnsight[1] and Visual Agnosia[2]. Oliver Sacks
       | book[3] had a humbling effect on the science-knows-it-all
       | teenager in me. I really thing some of the next paradigms in
       | computing will come from a deeper understanding of how human
       | brain handles sensory information. [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindsight [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_agnosia [3]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Mistook_His_Wife_f...
        
       | lkbm wrote:
       | SSC has an interesting post about this and similar things:
       | https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/03/17/what-universal-human-e...
       | 
       | If you lacked some common internal mental experience, would you
       | know? This guy didn't. In the SSC piece, there's someone who
       | didn't realize he lacked a sense of smell until high school.
       | 
       | I also came across recent tweets about "hey, some people have
       | some not-under-their-control voice in their head, how bizarre"
       | and others were like "that's a conscious". It never occurred to
       | me that the idea of a third-party voice as your conscious was a
       | real thing in "normal" minds, not a metaphor for their sense of
       | right and wrong. Make me wonder about how sometimes media will
       | portray an angel and devil on your shoulders urging you to do
       | right or wrong. (No one hallucinates _those_ , do they? I've
       | always just assumed it's a metaphor, but so did the "no sense of
       | smell" guy!)
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | > I also came across recent tweets about "hey, some people have
         | some not-under-their-control voice in their head, how bizarre"
         | and others were like "that's a conscious". It never occurred to
         | me that the idea of a third-party voice as your conscious was a
         | real thing in "normal" minds, not a metaphor for their sense of
         | right and wrong.
         | 
         | Can you find that tweet?
        
           | lkbm wrote:
           | Original tweet/thread:
           | https://twitter.com/nickcammarata/status/1467359243431215106
           | 
           | It was QT'd by someone where I then saw a few replies
           | suggesting this is a conscience (not "conscious", as I wrote
           | earlier, oops):
           | https://twitter.com/Scruffff/status/1467979777038438402
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | I didn't realize I was lactose intolerant until adulthood. I
         | honestly never knew having to violently crap within minutes of
         | eating most meals was abnormal since I'd been doing it my
         | entire life and not really paying attention to whether anyone
         | else was.
        
       | marstall wrote:
       | I have vibrant dreams with very detailed renderings of
       | landscapes, particularly non-existent cities that sprawl out
       | block after block and mile after detailed mile as I move through
       | them. In these places, I also experience intense interpersonal
       | drama, highly detailed other characters, emotions, physical
       | sensations, thoughts in my head about everything that's
       | happening, empathy for others, anxieties, desires etc. And the
       | rules of the reality change, inception-style, every few seconds,
       | with themes and obsessions that recur.
       | 
       | but this ability is completely lacking for me in reality. If I
       | try to picture some of the obvious things mentioned in this
       | thread - my wife's face, an apple, an elephant - I can, but it's
       | a fairly muddy 2d image and I couldn't tell you what direction
       | the elephant's trunk is pointing for example ...
        
       | errcorrectcode wrote:
       | I had this ability vividly when I was <16. It diminished with
       | age, physiological anxiety condition, sleep disturbances, and
       | failing antidepressants. I basically lack it completely now.
        
       | eloeffler wrote:
       | A friend of mine spent much time on MUD[1] servers playing and
       | interacting with strangers. The game theme was fantasy-ish.
       | 
       | As he moved through the large world of the server he would
       | repeatedly encounter people who asked him if he was a seer
       | (Sehender, in German). For a while he thought that this is some
       | trait or role that you can have in the game.
       | 
       | Turned out, though, that being a seer means that your eyes work
       | as they do for most people in the world. And that was less common
       | on this server to have than not. Many people with impared vision
       | played there, using screen readers.
       | 
       | Hence, instead of talking of blind people, this place shifted to
       | talking about seers, while visual impairment was normal :) And I
       | do believe that this majority of players had a much better visual
       | image of the world they're playing in than those staring at a
       | wall of ASCII.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, I don't know what server that was. But I assume
       | that MUDs gain some of their continued popularity from there.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUD A MUD (/m^d/; originally
       | multi-user dungeon, with later variants multi-user dimension and
       | multi-user domain)[1][2] is a multiplayer real-time virtual
       | world, usually text-based. MUDs combine elements of role-playing
       | games, hack and slash, player versus player, interactive fiction,
       | and online chat. Players can read or view descriptions of rooms,
       | objects, other players, non-player characters, and actions
       | performed in the virtual world. Players typically interact with
       | each other and the world by typing commands that resemble a
       | natural language.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | What a great story to read. I would be really curious to know
         | more about that particular MUD.
         | 
         | I have normal vision, and have played on MUDs only for a few
         | years, in my late teens / early twenties.
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | oh see-er
        
       | ghostly_s wrote:
       | I have aphantasia...but I tried psilocybin mushrooms for the
       | first time this year, and since then have had a few moments--I
       | believe they are hypnagogic states, where I have actually for the
       | first time in my life been able to _see_ in my imagination. Truly
       | wild experience.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | Interesting, I thought there were some discussions lately that
       | this much more common than people think (i.e. >2%).
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | This is fascinating to me and it never occurred to me before
       | reading about it a long time ago.
       | 
       | My sport growing up was ski racing, and later, sportscar racing.
       | In those sports it is critical to have a deep visualization of
       | the course. For ski racing, you will see racers waiting around
       | the starting gate for their start time with eyes closed lightly
       | swaying their head and moving their hand in visualizing their
       | ideal path down the course (we even sometimes crash in those
       | simulation runs and shake our head and restart...)
       | 
       | In sportscar racing, an important drill is to drive the course in
       | your head, making every shift, turn-in point, apex, and track out
       | point, visualizing and feeling your attitude, balance, the
       | forces, at every point on the track ---- and do it under a
       | stopwatch so you know you have a realistic timing of the track
       | with your car. I could typically come within a second of the real
       | times, and it was quite vivid, and for 'fuzzy' sections, I could
       | go back and sharpen the visualization.
       | 
       | These seemed to me and my coaches as essential skills for the
       | sport, and I never heard of anyone in either sport without that
       | ability.
       | 
       | I want to know if people without that innate capability just get
       | filtered out early, or if it is trainable. Does anyone have any
       | data on that?
        
       | 0_____0 wrote:
       | Aphantasia has non-visual forms as well.
       | 
       | Think about the smell of freshly cut grass, or gasoline, or a
       | pumpkin pie. Can you smell these in your 'mind's nose?' Majority
       | of folks can. I found out that I can't imagine smells about a
       | year ago and it's been throwing me for a loop ever since.
       | 
       | On the plus side I've made some interesting observations about
       | the nature of smell... there are tactile aspects to smell that I
       | can imagine... the "nose feel" of a beer, the feeling of smelling
       | a pot of steaming soup. But the purely olfactory component is
       | missing for me.
        
         | gamerDude wrote:
         | And I have audio aphantasia. I can't remember the sound of
         | anyone's voice and can't recall music. Never had a song stuck
         | in my head. But I can remember the words and content just no
         | tones/sounds/etc.
        
           | Rastonbury wrote:
           | Do you like listening to music?
        
             | gamerDude wrote:
             | I listen to music, but only as background. It has caused
             | some odd dating issues in the past because I don't care
             | about concerts nor can I recall "our song". But I am also
             | comfortable in silence and I generally won't notice if the
             | background music stops.
        
           | 0_____0 wrote:
           | do you have high-fidelity recall of other senses? i've
           | wondered since i have no olfactory, but high audio and
           | spatial recall
        
             | gamerDude wrote:
             | I do seem to have a high quality memory in general for
             | other things. So, maybe that counts? But I haven't really
             | done a comparison with others for higher ability to recall
             | different senses. I think its hard to judge due to language
             | barriers in describing our own personal experiences
             | compared to others.
        
         | totetsu wrote:
         | Me neither. I realised very young, well before I even knew
         | visual aphantasia existed. I get where the people lacking
         | visual are coming from. It's hard to even imagine imagining a
         | smell.. where in one's head does the minds nose feel like it
         | is? What's to stop people just imagining nice smells all day..
        
         | Kinrany wrote:
         | Tried smelling coffee and tea just now. I can recognize them
         | perfectly, but I can't remember what coffee smells like after
         | smelling tea. Repeating the process doesn't seem to help
         | either.
        
         | drcongo wrote:
         | People can imagine smells?! I had no idea!
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | I think maybe people with this condition over-idealize what it
       | means to visualize something.
       | 
       | I think I'm very good at visualization. I can visualize things
       | and recall visual scenes from my past but it doesn't look
       | anywhere near as vivid or detailed as the real experience...
       | Except when it comes to emotions; my emotions are heightened when
       | visualizing things (especially memories from my past) - I'm
       | pretty sure that I didn't feel as strongly back then as I feel
       | recalling the memory (I suspect so because I rarely feel very
       | strongly about anything in the present). Emotions help make the
       | visualizations seem real in spite of the lack of detail. For me,
       | even the appearance of an inanimate object or a movement has a
       | distinct feeling associated with it.
       | 
       | My mind doesn't separate emotions and logic. When I react to
       | things strongly (which is very rare), there is a logical reason
       | behind it and I always know why I'm doing things and why I'm
       | feeling a certain way. I'm immune to depression because I can
       | always enumerate everything that makes me sad and when I resolve
       | these issues, I always feel happy... Until new issues arise.
       | 
       | I never got into situations whereby I thought something would
       | make me happy but it didn't or I started to take it for granted.
       | If I think something will make me happy, it will make me happy
       | 100%.
       | 
       | I usually run scenarios through in my head before I make any
       | decision; I guess that's also a form of visualization. When I'm
       | looking at the menu at a restaurant, I visualize myself eating
       | each dish on the menu (and imagine the smell and flavor) in order
       | to make a decision. Actually one of my siblings joked that they
       | always try to choose the same dishes as me when we go to a
       | restaurant together because it almost always turns out good.
        
       | mhb wrote:
       | The Secret Sense - Asimov
       | https://archive.org/details/TheSecretSense/mode/2up
        
       | harel wrote:
       | I am exactly how he describes. I cannot visualise anything and I
       | don't have an internal voiceover. I do however recall abstracts
       | and concepts. So if I saw an elephant before I'd be able to bring
       | up the concept of the elephant. Nothing visual, but conceptual.
       | I've discovered this is a thing (that people actually visualise)
       | past my 40s. For a while I thought I missed out on some special
       | fx, but it had no detrimental effect on my life. Maybe even it
       | does help me see complex software as abstracts easier. Who knows.
       | It is what it is.
        
       | erganemic wrote:
       | Every time this topic crops up I'm struck with the seemingly-
       | impossible challenge of people comparing qualia (especially
       | through a text medium!).
       | 
       | I've had conversations with friends before - some of who are
       | artists - who had heard about aphantasia, and were vaguely
       | despondent at the idea that they had it and were missing out on
       | this magical imaginative power. Needless to say, when 4 out of 7
       | people at a dinner party think they have a condition that affects
       | 2% of the population, it rings some alarm bells to me - and after
       | describing my own (phantasic) visualization ability and my wife
       | corroborating with something similar, all 4 of them reacted with
       | shock: "but that's exactly what it's like for me too!".
       | 
       | I think the nature of describing qualia confuses a lot of people
       | - for starters, people _vastly_ overestimate their ability to
       | picture things mentally. When asked to draw a stick diagram of a
       | bicycle from memory, people make mistakes that they never would
       | if they actually had a picture of a bicycle in front of them.
       | Even if they didn 't have the artistic skill to make a "good"
       | drawing from reference, at least they wouldn't connect the chain
       | to both wheels! However, these same people, when asked by
       | aphantasics if they can "see the bike in their mind, like they're
       | looking at a picture of one" will happily respond in the
       | affirmative and ride off (swerving wildly, since their bike has
       | the handlebars in front of the front wheel).
       | 
       | My wife was one such person - she's a pretty successful freelance
       | artist, and I have little doubt that her ability to visualize is
       | significantly better than mine, and she said that when she closed
       | her eyes and imagined something, she really saw it, like she was
       | watching a movie. I reacted with confusion; for me (I said), if I
       | picture an apple, I still only see black with my eyes, but my
       | brain is recalling apples it's seen before and _telling itself to
       | process that information as if it were coming from my eyes._ Even
       | though my real eyes see black, I am  "believing really hard" that
       | this apple is information that's coming from my eyes, and when I
       | visualize it in my head, it _feels_ like I 'm seeing it. She
       | chewed on this for a couple minutes, asked some clarifying
       | questions, and finally said "I think that might be what I'm doing
       | too." It seems like she does have a greater visualization ability
       | than me - having a broader visual library due to her experience
       | with art, she has higher-quality and more numerous "chunks" of
       | structure she uses to compose mental scenes. However, the really
       | remarkable thing is that she can "believe harder" than me. I'm
       | always vaguely conscious that I'm "really" seeing black, but
       | she's stated that she gets so convinced that she's seeing stuff
       | with her eyes, it's on the border of hallucination. Weirdly,
       | after we had this conversation, she stated that she had more
       | trouble creating art for a week afterwards; I'd inadvertently
       | "shaken her belief" that she was seeing things and - like a self-
       | fulfilling prophecy - when she didn't believe she was seeing
       | things in her mind's eye, she couldn't do it with the same
       | vividness anymore (she's since "recovered").
       | 
       | I suppose it's possible that 6/7 people at that dinner party did
       | have aphantasia, and we were all just stumbling around reassuring
       | each other that we weren't _really_ mind-blind - but that would
       | either be a minor statistical miracle or raise some interesting
       | questions about what personality traits aphantasics have that
       | make them more likely to be friends :)
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | As I read your 6/7 dinner party example I couldn't help but
         | wonder if it's just a "birds of a feather" bias: People who
         | have trouble visualizing things tend to get along well/have
         | similar interests/beliefs/realities and just naturally often
         | end up hanging out together.
         | 
         | You could say that about any sort of human trait: People who
         | <share trait X> tend to enjoy each other's company. Some traits
         | having more influence than others (obviously).
        
         | vgel wrote:
         | This is a great point.
         | 
         | Agreed with your comparison to your wife as being better at
         | visualization: I think in general "aphantasia" is on a
         | spectrum, with some people being completely unable to visualize
         | things, and others hearing about people who can visualize
         | incredibly well and thinking "If I don't have that, then I must
         | have aphantasia!"
         | 
         | It's also a skill: I used to think I had aphantasia. Over the
         | last ~3 years I've been practicing visualization -- nothing
         | fancy, just trying to close my eyes and visualize things every
         | so often for a few minutes. With that low-level practice, my
         | ability to visualize things has improved a lot: before I had
         | nothing, now I can get black-and-white shaky images, and
         | manipulate them, rotate them, etc.
         | 
         | Still can't do faces though, I can imagine the rest of a person
         | but their face is just missing. Still working on that :)
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I have an extreme ability to visualize, which includes all of
         | my senses, to the ability to imagine being an animal. Smell,
         | taste, hearing, limited visual senses, instincts, the feeling
         | of fur on my skin, and more are all within my ability. For lack
         | of a better term, I call it my "mental holodeck", which seems
         | to get the point across. It's more of a virtual machine because
         | I'm running someone else's brain on my hardware.
         | 
         | This ability evolved from lucid dreaming I learned in high
         | school. After eighteen years of deliberate practice (several
         | times per week), I can drop into this state at will. My real
         | senses are dimmed, but not gone. If my phone beeps, I will hear
         | it and likely lose what I'm imagining.
         | 
         | Despite all of this, I couldn't draw any of it. I can't draw
         | and I lack the ability to keep a single image in for a
         | prolonged period. But I can write it. Finding ways of
         | describing smells or sensations in a way other people can
         | understand is fun. (My virtual machine can also run
         | approximations of other people.)
        
       | caymanjim wrote:
       | I don't have any concept of seeing something in my head. I always
       | assumed it was a way to say "think about this thing" and never
       | thought people could "see" it in any meaningful way. If someone
       | asks me to picture an elephant, I don't have any visual
       | experience at all. It doesn't even make sense to me. I can
       | describe what an elephant looks like. I can draw something--
       | poorly--that other people would immediately identify as an
       | elephant. I can talk about the shape of an elephant, the parts of
       | an elephant, colors, textures, and other physical properties. But
       | I can't "see" or "picture" an elephant.
       | 
       | I'm not sure if I have aphantasia or if I'm just being overly-
       | pedantic about what people mean when they say they "see"
       | something in their head. I guess maybe this could be measured by
       | seeing if the visual cortex is active when imaging an elephant;
       | I'd be curious to see how I compare to others in a test like
       | that.
       | 
       | Like many subjective experiences, I'm not sure if I'm
       | experiencing things differently or just describing them in
       | different terms.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | It is not either or. I went from not never imagining things in
         | visual way to having images popping up in my head by
         | themselves. The brain started to visualize things, after I
         | started to learn to draw. I knew absolutely nothing about
         | drawing and used draw-a-box and youtube tutorials to learn.
         | 
         | I never felt like missing something and those images dont add
         | much to my life now when they show up. They dont add that much
         | to drawing either at my level. Imo, hacker news makes absurdly
         | big deal about "aphantasia" and it pops up here absurdly often.
         | 
         | I don't know whether it is more normal to have visual images in
         | your head or whether it is more normal to not have them. But
         | from my experience, visualization is learnable. I dont know
         | whether it is function of drawing in general or was related to
         | specific exercises I did. Btw, there were other improvements I
         | noticed too - I became better at estimating relative sizes of
         | things and much better at noticing properties of objects around
         | me.
        
           | pseudalopex wrote:
           | Some artists have aphantasia. So it isn't just a function of
           | drawing.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | >> Imo, hacker news makes absurdly big deal about
           | "aphantasia" and it pops up here absurdly often.
           | 
           | Discovering, perhaps for the first time, that other people
           | authentically go about the process of thinking in a different
           | way is fucking wild. It also draws a big response from people
           | that discover that what they thought was a turn of phrase was
           | a literal description or command. It isn't hard to see why
           | people would find that stimulating.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | It draws that much attention only on hacker news and only
             | this one specific difference in how people think.
             | 
             | I don't see general interest in psychology or other
             | people's thinking here. And I know of no other place then
             | HN that would care about aphantasia this way either.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | Search Reddit for aphantasia. Or hn.algolia.com for lots
               | of psychology topics. Try autism.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | _If_ there were a concrete phenomenon that 's consistently
             | observable, I absolutely agree with that reasoning. But I
             | don't see that dynamic in discussions of aphantasia. We
             | can't directly compare subjective experience, so any
             | comparison is going to be filtered through the language of
             | how we describe said experience, and so it's that much
             | harder to conclude whether aphantasia is a natural category
             | and the extent to which people have it.
             | 
             | Thus I share the parent's frustration about the sound-and-
             | fury (imaginable or otherwise!) associated with this topic.
             | 
             | Even when people do try to have a productive discussion
             | about it, half of it is nailing down a test to distinguish
             | whether you're "really seeing" an image or just speaking
             | metaphorically. That, or an article (like this one)
             | casually assumes away this measurement problem and goes
             | into a diatribe about how trippy aphantasia is.
             | 
             | (Before you start guessing, I don't think I have
             | aphantasia, based on its descriptions. I can imagine
             | pictures, or at least I think I can, though not necessarily
             | the crystal clear images others seem to see. I do poorly on
             | "draw this complex image from memory" challenges, although
             | I _think_ I 'm still drawing from my mind's "eye" when I do
             | it.)
             | 
             | Now, if we want to talk about _observables_ believed to be
             | associated with aphantasia, that would definitely be
             | interesting. But most discussions are light on that too, or
             | casually assume all kinds of things are implications of the
             | condition.
             | 
             | Basically, I'm not convinced we have a rigorous enough way
             | to talk about this question for it to be worthwhile, so I
             | usually feel like discussions of it are mostly a waste.
        
         | jaggederest wrote:
         | I have the opposite issue - much of my cognition is visual in
         | nature. I find it hard to convey what I'm visualising in my
         | mind in words sometimes. It can be hard to express abstract
         | thoughts in visual form.
         | 
         | My go-to example is always that I can hold a mental image of a
         | V-8 engine in my head and take it apart into an exploded view,
         | see what the pieces are, and then reassemble it again into a
         | complete engine. This is fantastic for being able to plan
         | complex spatial operations but it's really frustrating to
         | people who ask me "how do you know that" when I know where they
         | left their items, or that the couch is too large to fit where
         | they want it to go.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Speaking for average people, nobody can explain how they know
           | where they left things, it's just knowledge. It's weird that
           | people ask you to explain how you know where things are.
        
         | aaronblohowiak wrote:
         | Fwiw I absolutely can "look" at an elephant in my imagination,
         | and sometimes I am even surprised by what it does (like when it
         | blinks or squirts water from its trunk..) the subconscious mind
         | can be wild! I can imagine the big gray elephants from the
         | savanna or the smaller brown ones from the jungles. I have
         | memories of documentaries that "replay" in my head. When I am
         | imagining like this, my awareness of the real world fades and I
         | can't really see what is in front of me.
         | 
         | In woodworking, I can perform operations in my head and
         | visualize the result to the board, sometimes catching errors
         | before they happen in the real world.
        
           | codazoda wrote:
           | Yup, mine tilted it's head flapping it's ears. It was a real
           | elephant and not a cartoon like Dumbo (I can "see" both). I'm
           | not sure if that's an action I've seen before or what but I
           | didn't seem to "request" that image from myself, it almost
           | acted on it's own. Clearly it's in my mind, so I did it, but
           | I didn't consciously try to do so. The mind is wild.
        
           | burke wrote:
           | What I'm taking away from this thread is that even apart from
           | aphantasia or its absence, there's probably a wide gradient
           | or even multidimensional space of visualization capacities.
           | 
           | If I try to "look" at an elephant in my imagination:
           | 
           | * I "see" an elephant's head and shoulders at a kind of
           | oblique angle. It's far less real than external vision and
           | significantly less real than dream or hypnagogic imagery.
           | 
           | * The colours feel real, but there is very far from a
           | photorealistic level of detail. It's not hazy or anything,
           | it's just that my brain won't flesh out a piece until I force
           | it to by focusing on that specific part. "Head of an
           | elephant" is not a fine-grained enough part.
           | 
           | * The experience of parts being unresolved is a kind of vague
           | sense of an approximate shape/size/colour/texture off at some
           | vector relative to my focus or to the scene. There's a blob
           | over there shaped sorta like a trunk, and it feels this way
           | and is kind of grey. The background is a sort of straw/blue
           | savanna kind of scene with literally no detail.
           | 
           | * There doesn't tend to be a lot of motion, and I don't think
           | I'm ever surprised by things like a visualization 'winking'
           | at me. If there's motion it tends to be small repetitive
           | things like gentle swaying, or a kind of 0.5-1fps
           | discontinuous scene update.
           | 
           | It feels like mostly my capacity for visual imagination comes
           | from the same circuits that are able to recognize external
           | images. The elephant imagery is in barely more detail than I
           | imagine I need to identify whether a thing I'm looking at
           | fits "elephant" or not and to determine whether or not to be
           | surprised by the details of that elephant's visual
           | presentation.
           | 
           | It seems like people with aphantasia can't project that model
           | into their awareness in a generative way. It also seems like
           | there are people with quite a bit more ability to embellish
           | those models than I have.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | > Fwiw I absolutely can "look" at an elephant in my
           | imagination, and sometimes I am even surprised by what it
           | does (like when it blinks or squirts water from its trunk..)
           | the subconscious mind can be wild!
           | 
           | ok wtf wtf wtf I don't think anything like that has ever
           | happened to me. Wow.
           | 
           | How typical is that kind of vividness? Is there any kind of
           | research on that?
           | 
           | These kinds of descriptions of what it's like to visualize
           | things are much more helpful to me than typical descriptions
           | of aphantasia, but I wonder if the liveliness of your mental
           | images is extreme
        
             | drdeca wrote:
             | Yeah, that's definitely more vivid than what I see, and I'm
             | fairly sure that it is unusually vivid. I can visualize a
             | bit, but unless the thing is a simple shape I usually have
             | trouble "seeing the entire thing at once".
             | 
             | That's not to say that I don't ever have visual images come
             | to mind unbidden.
        
         | ThrustVectoring wrote:
         | People are being extremely literal here about "seeing" what
         | they're imagining. When you look at an actual tiger, you can
         | count the stripes. When I imagine a tiger, I can _also_ count
         | the stripes.
        
           | 1ris wrote:
           | Ok, this is mindblowing for me. When I think of a tiger I
           | have some kind of visual sensation, but it's extremely low on
           | information. Like maybe 12x12 or 16x16 pixels. But not sharp
           | pixels, but fuzzy, colored shapes, or very, very simple
           | details, like whiskers. Like in a impressionist picture. But
           | way simpler.
           | 
           | Never though that this was different of anyone else.
           | 
           | Also, when i read this article and i tried visualising things
           | i realised that apparently i can have this image only for
           | about halve a second, then it's gone. Guess that different of
           | other people aswell.
           | 
           | Maybe i just found out why i was so very bad in art class,
           | despite trying.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | > When I imagine a tiger, I can also count the stripes.
           | 
           | Ok, that was clarifying for me. When I 'visualize' a tiger,
           | it doesn't have any particular number of stripes. When I read
           | your comment I said 'oh, wtf!' out loud
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | Consider sitting outside and looking at a flowering bush or
             | tree. At first it's just a tree. Then you realize that
             | there are flowers on it (they were always there, but you
             | weren't attending to them before). After a little while
             | you'll again suddenly realize that there are bees buzzing
             | around the flowers, and a nest halfway up and a few feet
             | from the center on the right. You, most likely, did not
             | have all that in your head on your first glance at the
             | tree. It was just a tree. This is how many mental images
             | are formed.
             | 
             | If asked to imagine a person or object or scene it always
             | starts off fuzzy for me until more details are prompted for
             | (by myself or by the questioner). Someone kept bringing up
             | Tony the Tiger in one of the recent discussions on this.
             | For me, he starts as an image of the logo or just the
             | face/head on the cereal box. If I continue to think of it,
             | or am asked a question about it, more details will come to
             | mind. I may even recall and imagine Tony walking around a
             | scene, like from a commercial.
        
               | saberdancer wrote:
               | The way it works for me (I can't visualize like that),
               | it's like I am writing a story. I can say I see a tiger,
               | then think about it and write down more details but I am
               | always consciously adding stuff to the tiger. If I want
               | details about number of stripes, I need to think about it
               | and then "write" it. Never do I see something I am not
               | consciously forming.
               | 
               | Well, I did have a strange experience couple of nights
               | ago. I was falling asleep and I saw something similar to
               | a "movie" in my vision. It was a highly sped up simulator
               | game I played, but it was quite vivid for me.
        
         | boole1854 wrote:
         | For me, and I think for most people, "picturing an elephant" is
         | very literal. For example, you could ask me to "picture an
         | elephant" then follow up by asking "what is the elephant which
         | you pictured doing with its trunk?" To answer the question, I
         | focus my attention on trunk in the picture in my head in order
         | to "take in" what it is doing (e.g., perhaps "it is curled
         | upward but otherwise not doing anything" or it might turn out
         | that "it is grasping a branch").
         | 
         | > Like many subjective experiences, I'm not sure if I'm
         | experiencing things differently or just describing them in
         | different terms.
         | 
         | Curious: can you experience anything like consulting or
         | focusing attention on an image in your head in order to
         | describe it, the way I explained above?
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | Do you have visual experiences while dreaming? For me "seeing
         | in my head" is most similar to those: certainly a visual
         | experience but with less detail than when I'm actually looking
         | at something. I believe some people's are much more detailed
         | than mine, as some people can reproduce scenes in exquisite
         | detail from memory.
         | 
         | Another data point: If I need to remember a spelling (often I
         | don't, as it's just in muscle memory - but say I was asked to
         | spell something by saying the letters out loud), then I will
         | visualise the word in my head, and then read it out. Not quite
         | like reading from paper, but very similar.
        
         | Accacin wrote:
         | Yeah it's confusing me too. When I asked a friend if he could
         | picture a red apple he said he could 'see' it visually. If I do
         | the same thing, I can't see an apple, but I do think about an
         | apple, and I know what it looks like.
         | 
         | I'm of the opinion that it probably doesn't matter either way
         | :)
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | I'm honestly not even sure if someone could describe their own
         | experience of thinking about visual things with enough detail
         | that I could tell whether my own experience of thinking about
         | visual things is significantly different. When you started
         | talking about having _no concept of seeing something in your
         | head_ I thought  "whoa, that's very different from my
         | experience." But then what you went on to describe sounds
         | precisely like my experience. I can make poor but recognizable
         | drawings of commonly-known objects like animals. I can also
         | imagine large human spaces I've spent a lot of time in, like my
         | apartment building or old Counter-Strike levels, with a fair
         | amount of detail (certainly enough to describe how to
         | navigate). But now I'm wondering what distinction you're making
         | between being able to use your imagination to accomplish these
         | tasks and "seeing" or "picturing" these objects in your mind.
         | Are you expecting to be able to literally summon a visual
         | hallucination of these objects? Surely that ability is
         | extremely rare, and isn't what people mean when they say
         | they're picturing something in their head, right?
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | > Are you expecting to be able to literally summon a visual
           | hallucination of these objects?
           | 
           | That's exactly what I get. I can picture an elephant, rotate
           | it around in 3-space, imagine how it looks and how I might
           | draw it from angles that I've never seen an elephant pictured
           | from, etc. I'm no good at drawing living things, but anything
           | geometric I can render on paper pretty much exactly as it
           | appears in my head. It's like CAD but without the CA.
           | 
           | When I was on a field crew installing telephone switching
           | equipment, we'd often get incompletely-engineered jobs, where
           | for various reasons, the rack was supplied with sort of a
           | first-guess of mounting hardware. Sometimes the engineers
           | admitted it, there'd be a note in the plans like "add'l
           | overhead structure tbd by installer". Or sometimes conditions
           | had changed in the time since the job was engineered, due to
           | other activity in the office. Either way, I'd get to
           | sketching and ordering.
           | 
           | (environments like this: https://www.cabletrays.org/wp-
           | content/uploads/2016/08/image-... )
           | 
           | Typically this meant taking a few measurements, jotting those
           | onto paper, and then drawing out the existing structure and
           | what I planned to add. Then breaking that down into a list of
           | piece-parts, faxing the drawing and the list to the engineer,
           | who would turn it into part numbers for the warehouse, who
           | would arrange for a delivery the next day.
           | 
           | I did it all freehand, or maybe with the aid of a
           | straightedge. This was easy for me, it was exactly like
           | having a bunch of LEGO bricks and picturing how I might put
           | them together. After running it through the fax machine to
           | get engineering signoff, I could hand the drawing to any
           | other installer and they'd know exactly what I had in mind,
           | even if they hadn't initially envisioned it, and I could go
           | do something else while they assembled it. (My upper-body
           | strength was never ideal for the superstructure stuff anyway;
           | if the job involved any wire-wrap terminations that was
           | probably the best place for me.)
           | 
           | The majority of installers in the field could do this, though
           | some were certainly better at it than others. Most would
           | start with a sketch from the perspective of an observer on
           | the ground, even if that wasn't actually the clearest way to
           | depict it, and then add other angles as needed. I knew one
           | who would actually climb into the rack with a clipboard and
           | pencil if he needed to show it from another angle, whereas
           | most of us could freely imagine and project the scene from
           | any desired angle in our heads and just sketch it straight
           | out.
           | 
           | I always thought this was quite normal, and the guy climbing
           | into the rack because he couldn't rotate the view in his head
           | was the anomaly.
        
             | gipp wrote:
             | > That's exactly what I get. I can picture an elephant,
             | rotate it around in 3-space, imagine how it looks and how I
             | might draw it from angles that I've never seen an elephant
             | pictured from, etc.
             | 
             | I can do this too, but it is not _literally_ a visual
             | experience, it is just engaging the higher levels of visual
             | perception, not visual _sensation_ in the way that a
             | hallucination does.
             | 
             | Meaning like, if I picture something in my head, with my
             | eyes open, it's not as though it could block my view of
             | something in my literal vision. Which is what some people
             | are making this sound like, which is why it's so confusing
             | to talk about.
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | I don't know of anyone who can summon an image such that
               | it blocks their literal eyesight. But in my head, I can
               | still "see" the image, with definition, color, etc. I can
               | vividly recall photographs and "see" the colors, lines,
               | and details of those photographs in my head. I am still
               | also seeing what is in front of me, though in a more "out
               | of focus" fashion - my visual concentration is elsewhere.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | Now I'm curious which is more common.
             | 
             | > That's exactly what I get. I can picture an elephant,
             | rotate it around in 3-space
             | 
             | I cannot do this whatsoever, and noticed other people in my
             | class could. I started life in mechanical eng school, and
             | quit shortly after specifically because of this. We were
             | constantly tasked with not only drawing 3d shapes, but
             | rotating them at certain angles and redrawing, things like
             | this. I found myself unable to do so and it absolutely
             | flustered my brain to the point of switching majors.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | I'm also curious if there is any difference between these
               | two experiences other than the words each person uses to
               | describe their own experience.
        
           | caymanjim wrote:
           | > Are you expecting to be able to literally summon a visual
           | hallucination of these objects?
           | 
           | It seems to me that many people describe it that way. That's
           | why I think it may have more to do with the language people
           | are using to describe the experience than the experience
           | itself. Like you, I can describe (and probably draw pretty
           | accurately) the layout of my house or a Counter-Strike level.
        
             | cj wrote:
             | If it helps, when I close my eyes I see black/darkness.
             | 
             | If I close my eyes and try to picture what my bedroom looks
             | like, I still only see black/darkness... but I can still
             | describe the features of the room in very much detail. I
             | definitely can't conjure up a vivid image in my head, I
             | would describe it more as a feeling rather than a strictly
             | visual experience. Same with recalling what someone's voice
             | sounds like... I can imagine what someone's voice sounds
             | like, but definitely can't hear their voice in any
             | meaningful level of detail, yet I'm still able to describe
             | the voice - it's more of a feeling than a literal
             | audio/visual experience.
             | 
             | I definitely wouldn't describe my own experience as
             | anything close to a visual hallucination because I only see
             | black/darkness... (I think) it's uncommon to literally see
             | things with extreme clarity as someone hallucinating would.
             | Or maybe seeing black/darkness when visualizing things is
             | abnormal?
        
               | philsnow wrote:
               | I have no idea if I'm in the minority of humans in this,
               | but when I picture something in my head, it has colors,
               | shapes, and I guess I'm using the same brain hardware as
               | when I use my eyes to process the "phantasm" of it. My
               | mental model is that this facility is another "source",
               | in addition to my eyes, that can be used to pipe sense
               | data into the visual processing "sink".
               | 
               | When I was young I was into ray-tracing with POV-Ray. The
               | exercise of positioning a camera in a scene using a text
               | file got me thinking about what it would look like if my
               | eyes were up in _that corner_ of my bedroom. I would sit
               | at my desk and imagine what it would look like and I
               | would be "seeing" a picture in my head of what it would
               | look like (given what information I had about things like
               | whether the top of the half-open door was painted or not,
               | whether the top of the ceiling fan was dusty, that kind
               | of thing).
               | 
               | Right now I can mentally picture the inside of my
               | refrigerator and pantry, and that's pretty much how I
               | keep track of whether I'm running out of various things
               | (which might explain why I'm so terrible at doing so,
               | it's only as good as my mental image). It's not like I
               | have one of those eidetic memories; these mental images
               | are flawed and only somewhat accurately represent
               | reality, with more familiar things being represented more
               | accurately.
               | 
               | It kind of doesn't matter whether my eyes are open or
               | not, but it's a bit easier if they're closed. If they're
               | open, my eyes naturally just go unfocused while I'm doing
               | it (my parents called it "staring off into space").
        
               | Nzen wrote:
               | I'll second the first paragraph here. The demonstration
               | I've come up with involves holding a hand closely in
               | front of only my left eye. My brain lets me see both
               | things, but my hand also has a 'transparent'
               | characteristic when I'm focusing on my right vision. Back
               | to visualizing, the 'other source' isn't anywhere near as
               | crisp as the demonstration, and often is a mix of memory
               | / imagination / caricature / labeling it with the
               | concept.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | It's still not clear to me if there's a difference
               | between _imagining I 'm seeing something_ and _actually
               | seeing something in my head_. When I imagine what it 's
               | like to see something, of course it has colors, shapes,
               | etc. I can also imagine what a room would look like from
               | a particular vantage point (although I may not be as
               | skillful as it as someone who has practiced doing it and
               | experimented with computer graphics). I guess I'm still
               | curious if there's truly any difference in our
               | experiences. I wonder if optical illusions work when
               | we're picturing things in our head.
        
               | posix86 wrote:
               | That's so interesting! I did the test linked to in the
               | article, and I noticed that I am able to "visualize"
               | object, but have decidedly a hard time to think about how
               | I would perceive them if I looked at them - so I guess
               | just opposite from you.
               | 
               | I see them more as 3d objects, but not from the
               | perspective of a camera, but just the model all at once.
               | And it's always a simplification, only the concept of a
               | tree, no tree with actual detail of a real tree. Many
               | things only have shapes, no visual colors, no visual
               | anything, only the shapes, as though it were a different
               | sense.
        
               | martyvis wrote:
               | I feel I am the same as this. I often build things from
               | wood and steel. In order to plan parts to be made, where
               | to do cuts and make joins I need to think and "see" how
               | best to do that. I believe I do this quite well, and my
               | thoughts work out well once I put my hand to my tools and
               | make what I foresaw. But I don't believe I ever had a
               | vivid hallucination of what I was making, more a hazy
               | wireframe that gets the job done
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Just by way of providing another data point: I was going
               | down this exact same rabbit hole and my experience
               | matches your description exactly.
        
           | MobiusHorizons wrote:
           | It's certainly hard to describe the inner workings of one's
           | mind with adequate detail to compare them to others. However
           | I believe this anecdote may provide some insight.
           | 
           | One test I have performed on myself in the past is to decide
           | I will visually remember a specific moment. (I have done this
           | several times). I could bring up that image in my head, and
           | remember certain specific things (eg the color and shape of
           | someone's hat). Like other visual memories it only has
           | partial detail. I can still remember these instances, but
           | most of the detail has now faded (~10 years ago). This seems
           | to work similarly to how I bring up a visual such as the
           | elephant or apple in the article.
           | 
           | I'm pretty sure not everyone would describe their own
           | experience of visual memory the same way, but maybe that's
           | descriptive enough to understand if there is a difference.
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | I can close my eyes and see a picture or even video of any
           | scene, from any angle, that I have seen before or that I
           | could arrange the details of in my head, as if it were real.
           | I don't even have to close my eyes, but it's more vivid if I
           | do.
           | 
           | However, I have trouble visualizing faces in great detail, or
           | even much. When I try to recall a face, the harder I try to
           | recall it, the more blurry it becomes.
           | 
           | Aphantasia seems... hard to imagine. But evidently it's real.
           | I imagine closing my eyes and being unable to summon a mental
           | image of objects or persons. It's almost like being blind,
           | but only when one's eyes are closed, and that's very weird.
           | 
           | The most interesting question about aphantasia, for me, would
           | be just how much it affects one's ability to deal with
           | concepts, especially visual concepts. It's a question one
           | might have about visual impairment as well. But it's clear
           | that it doesn't seem to matter much. I know brilliant blind
           | people -- it doesn't seem to slow them much if at all, and
           | even seems to help them to some degree. The effect on
           | conceptualization must be very subtle indeed -- a testament
           | to the neuroplasticity of our brains.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Same here. I could "think" about it, but I couldn't see it. I
         | just tested this out in a completely dark room. Both with or
         | without my eyes open. I just cant see it. I cant visualise an
         | Elephant in my head. Not even the slightest. I never thought
         | when someone visualise it they really meant "visualise" it.
         | This is shocking!
         | 
         | I very rarely dream. And even if I do I forget about it within
         | 5 min. But I do know most of my dreams lack any colour,
         | thinking about this now as I type I may be used to at least
         | dream about something with faint blue and red when I was a
         | child or teen, now it is basically black and white. And even in
         | my dreams I dont see any people's face either. They will all be
         | "faceless" ( at least as far as I remember it ). The only
         | person who ever had a face in my dream was my ex-girlfriend.
         | 
         | When I was still a teenage boy doing IQ test or something
         | similar, i quickly found out I couldn't visualise and do any 3D
         | Cube questions. I just couldn't put those together in my head.
         | May be part of the reason why I dont "get" Minecraft ?
         | 
         | And the voice / thoughts in your head. I dont have it either.
         | 
         | For me, This is a shocking! And slightly depressing.
        
           | nsxwolf wrote:
           | Do you just not hear your voice when you think? Are there
           | words? How do you formulate ideas without words? What happens
           | when you speak - do ideas just cross some event horizon and
           | come out as vocalizations? Do you know what the words are
           | going to be before you say them?
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | Just like I know I am thinking of an elephant, but I cant
             | "see" an elephant. I know I am thinking about a topic and
             | precise words I am using like what I am typing out now, but
             | I cant "hear" the voice in my head of what I am typing /
             | about to type.
             | 
             | My friends do notice my sometimes weird behaviour of me
             | mumbling something. Which is actually me thinking in my
             | head without me realising I was actually saying it out.
        
           | philsnow wrote:
           | > And the voice / thoughts in your head. I dont have it
           | either.
           | 
           | > For me, This is a shocking! And slightly depressing.
           | 
           | FWIW from what I understand people who do have a mental
           | narrative voice think "slower". It certainly seems harder for
           | me to piece together a structured argument on the fly than it
           | did for my wife, though I never asked her whether she had a
           | mental narrative voice.
        
             | ksec wrote:
             | I have "thoughts" or argument flows through my mind. But
             | they are definitely silent and messy. So instead of arguing
             | about it inside my head, I talked to myself, this makes
             | things much clearer.
             | 
             | Oh I so wish I could have a mental narrative voice.
        
         | tetraca wrote:
         | I would describe it this way: my mind kind of has a scratchpad
         | of sorts that's separate from what I see or hear. It's a dream-
         | like space that you can conjure a vague image onto that's
         | visual in nature but distinctly different from literally seeing
         | out of your eye and not in real space. If you are able to
         | recall and play a song you heard in your head - it's
         | reminiscent of that, but visual. I often do both. When I was
         | younger I often visualized words in my head as I said or
         | thought them.
        
         | anyfoo wrote:
         | I can't imagine doing math or electronics in my head without
         | _some_ concept of internal visualization. Assuming you do those
         | things (if not there is likely something else that applies):
         | When you rearrange equations in your head, are you not having
         | some visual representation of them (actual equations in an
         | otherwise empty space for me) that you manipulate? When you
         | think about a circuit, don 't you mentally think about where
         | the current goes in an actual visual representation of the
         | circuit?
         | 
         | What about having read a textbook, can you sometimes remember
         | roughly where on the page a particular graph or equation or
         | whatever was?
         | 
         | I think the answers to these questions might help me at least
         | to figure out whether we think differently, or it's just a
         | different description.
        
       | irrational wrote:
       | I have a sort of similar thing. I do not dream. That is, I am
       | nearly 50 years old and I have never woken up having any
       | recollection of anything happening from the time I fall asleep
       | until I wake up. I understand that other people remember seeing
       | or hearing things while they sleep (from what people describe,
       | things like falling is a common dream theme). I've never
       | experienced this. People say, "Oh, you do dream, you just don't
       | remember it." After reading this article, would they also try to
       | tell this person that he can see things in his mind's eye but
       | can't remember them?
       | 
       | I also have Musical anhedonia (an inability to derive pleasure
       | from music). Music does absolutely nothing for me. I've never had
       | an emotional response to any music. I've always wondered if my
       | inability to dream (or remember dreaming) is related to my
       | inability to derive pleasure from music.
       | 
       | Neither of these are things I feel are true disabilities. Music
       | could go away completely and my life would not be affected in any
       | way. The fact that music exists also does not affect my life in
       | any way. There are no ill effects from not listening to music.
       | I've also never had any ill effects from not dreaming.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jccalhoun wrote:
       | This seems to be a popular topic on HN but I wonder how much of
       | this is due to semantics. Before I read a story about this I
       | didn't stop to think that people couldn't picture things in their
       | mind. But now that I've read a few and seen numerous comments on
       | it, I've started to second guess myself. I can imagine a couple
       | gears turning and I would normally have said, "yes I can see it
       | in my mind" but it isn't really like seeing but it seems visual
       | in some way.
       | 
       | So maybe what I consider "seeing" in my mind doesn't really count
       | as "seeing" for some because that isn't 100% what it is like?
       | 
       | Maybe I'm just so locked into "seeing" things in my mind that I
       | can't imagine how it would work if I didn't.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | It's not just semantics, but it seems like a hard concept to
         | grasp for those who are not affected. And even those who have
         | it, when they first learn about it.
        
         | pseudalopex wrote:
         | I don't think semantics explains cortical excitability and skin
         | conductance differences.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia#Research
        
         | dhon_ wrote:
         | I have aphantasia, although to a lesser degree to the author.
         | Like you I can visualise 3d models in my head, but if I try to
         | recall an image of someone it lacks detail. I can "fill in"
         | detail by recalling facts about that person (hair/eye colour,
         | wrinkles etc) but the image is blurry and details fade quickly.
         | 
         | I don't dream very much, though a few times a year I will have
         | a very vivid dream (basically like a video in my head with lots
         | of detail). This makes it very apparent that my normal
         | imagination is lacking detail. It feels a bit like it's a
         | different area of the brain that I don't typically use, and
         | makes me wonder if I could use it more with practice.
         | 
         | One test for aphantasia goes something like this:
         | 
         | > Imagine a ball sitting on a table. You reach forward and push
         | the ball and it rolls off the table. Now without changing the
         | scene, what colour was the ball? What about the table?
         | 
         | For me the ball is smooth an white. The table is something akin
         | to stainless steel. My wife will describe a colourful beach
         | ball on a wooden table with lighting and shadow and describe
         | the room it's in in detail. My scene was in a void as no room
         | was mentioned.
        
           | saghm wrote:
           | > I have aphantasia, although to a lesser degree to the
           | author. Like you I can visualise 3d models in my head, but if
           | I try to recall an image of someone it lacks detail. I can
           | "fill in" detail by recalling facts about that person
           | (hair/eye colour, wrinkles etc) but the image is blurry and
           | details fade quickly.
           | 
           | > I don't dream very much, though a few times a year I will
           | have a very vivid dream (basically like a video in my head
           | with lots of detail). This makes it very apparent that my
           | normal imagination is lacking detail. It feels a bit like
           | it's a different area of the brain that I don't typically
           | use, and makes me wonder if I could use it more with
           | practice.
           | 
           | Interesting! I relate quite heavily to first part; I also can
           | visualize abstract things but have a lot of trouble with
           | faces. I'm sometimes not able to recognize whether two photos
           | are of the same person or different people, and I always seem
           | to think that other people don't look similar when others do
           | think they do, and think people look similar that no one else
           | seems to. However, I dream _very_ vividly almost every night,
           | and I find it so engrossing that it interferes with my
           | ability to get up in the morning sometimes because in my
           | half-awake state I'm convinced that the "story" in my dream
           | is interesting enough that I need to see where it goes. By
           | the time I'm fully awake, it generally turns out that the
           | dream didn't make much sense, but often it contained enough
           | absurdity that telling my friends or family about it is
           | entertaining for them.
        
           | magnusmundus wrote:
           | This comment is very interesting to me, thank you for
           | sharing. I can relate to a lot of what you said, and I feel
           | the phrasing "normal imagination lacking detail" is perfect.
           | And, (why I decided to respond ->)
           | 
           | > For me the ball is smooth an white. The table is something
           | akin to stainless steel.
           | 
           | my scene was similar but opposite: Steel/metallic ball on
           | smooth white table, ball falls into a colorless void. The
           | table doesn't even have dimensions really, just has an edge
           | the ball can fall off.
           | 
           | I must read more on aphantasia. If you don't mind me asking:
           | did you decide that this is your condition through learning
           | about it, or were you "diagnosed" somehow?
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | I am on the side that this isn't semantics and is a real
         | phenomenon. For me, I can hear in my mind very well. I can hear
         | so well that I can occasionally confuse things I've hear in my
         | mind's ear for a real sound (did you just say something?). It
         | very slightly crosses the line into an auditory hallucination.
         | I can hear music so well that I don't need a radio to listen,
         | just think of the first few seconds of a song and off it goes
         | on the jukebox.
         | 
         | My mental images are nowhere near this clear, but they are a
         | kind of "darksight" a seeing and a not seeing, ephemeral but
         | also real and useful for visualization and problem solving.
        
           | basq wrote:
           | I can relate. I'll also get songs viscerally stuck in my head
           | that will play nonstop for several days straight. And not
           | only music, I'll occasionally get stuck images as well,
           | pictures that will sit in my peripheral thoughts for days.
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | That's the first I've heard of eyeworms. Interesting!
        
       | Mezzie wrote:
       | Fun fact: I have no mind's eye UNTIL I take Tizanidine. That was
       | a really weird discovery.
       | 
       | I do have a mind's ear and mind's sense of touch, but I was blind
       | until I was 4 so I have some neurological/visual issues. If I had
       | to guess, some early wires got crossed and the visual sense
       | didn't develop in my imagination and for some reason the drug
       | fixes that.
       | 
       | It's VERY distracting.
        
         | alfonsodev wrote:
         | I was practically blind my first years of life too, and have
         | aphantasia, how come did you started taking the drug, by chance
         | unrelated ? Did it fix it for once or it reverts when not
         | taking the drug? I've been only able to "see" in colors and
         | details, in a state of half sleep half awake, never awake, and
         | very low res when dreaming.
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | I got diagnosed with MS and I take it for my muscle
           | spasticity at night to help me sleep, so it's completely
           | unrelated. I have -20 vision with severe astigmatism and was
           | completely uncorrected until I had eye surgery at 4 to fix
           | some eye muscle issues.
           | 
           | It reverts when I don't take the drug, but I can visualize a
           | little bit whereas I used to not be able to 'see' in my mind
           | at all. Like right now there's none in my system so I can
           | vaguely imagine an apple as a red, roundish object, but not
           | more than that. I read to fall asleep, and I noticed when I
           | started 'seeing' stuff in my head in addition to 'hearing'
           | it.
           | 
           | I do wonder if it's connected to the fact that one of the
           | side effects at high doses is hallucinations, which I do also
           | experience.
        
         | exikyut wrote:
         | Oooh. Do you have any particular references you'd link to for
         | more info about this?
         | 
         | https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601121.html says that
         | 
         | > _Tizanidine is used to relieve the spasms and increased
         | muscle tone caused by multiple sclerosis (MS, a disease in
         | which the nerves do not function properly and patients may
         | experience weakness, numbness, loss of muscle coordination and
         | problems with vision, speech, and bladder control), stroke, or
         | brain or spinal injury. Tizanidine is in a class of medications
         | called skeletal muscle relaxants. It works by slowing action in
         | the brain and nervous system to allow the muscles to relax._
         | 
         | > _..._
         | 
         | > _This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask
         | your doctor or pharmacist for more information._
         | 
         | I'm very curious about the diagnostic path that got you to the
         | point of giving this a try - it sounds very interesting to
         | follow/copy bits of it :)
         | 
         | I ask because of bog-standard autism, which in later years I've
         | been able to partially outgrow to a helpful level, but which
         | naturally proves to be difficult to out-think in terms of
         | subconscious knee-jerk reactions and low-level assocations
         | between things (easiest correlation would be "first programming
         | language" type stuff (oversimplifying the world then needing to
         | unlearn that later, etc), except at a very subtle subconscious
         | level). I wonder if this might influence vaguely similar
         | pathways in my favor. I'm always curious if there are things I
         | can try (that are physically sustainable and with reasonable
         | intrinsic safety margins, unlike eg _recreational_ options) to
         | shake up the status quo and maybe help give me a bit of a boost
         | to helping me reset stuff.
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | I don't, sadly. It was a complete accident. I have MS and
           | take Tizanidine for my muscle spasticity; being able to
           | imagine things is just an odd side effect. I also can't
           | imagine there's enough formerly-blind people with MS to test
           | this on with science. (I'm a statistical oddity!)
           | 
           | One side effect of tizanidine at higher doses is
           | hallucinations, so it would seem to do SOMETHING with your
           | visualization center, but idk what.
           | 
           | For your autistic difficulties, I'm curious if finding
           | resources for people that have gone blind/deaf might help. I
           | know it sounds weird, but as a visually impaired person, we
           | thought I had Asperger's for a while because I literally
           | couldn't see body language well enough to read social cues,
           | and I found it really helpful to look up information on how
           | to 'read' that information elsewhere. Likewise, if somebody
           | goes deaf, I'm sure there are lessons on how to do things
           | like read more into body language. It just might help explain
           | a lot of things that neurotypical people take for granted.
           | 
           | Also biology: I find it really helps me to remember that
           | humans are sacks of hormones and that sometimes when they're
           | silly it's not me being wrong. They might just have gotten a
           | surge of adrenaline and had a knee jerk reaction, or they
           | might be overstimulated. I know I tend to forget humans are
           | embodied and expect more logic out of them than their bodies
           | will allow.
        
             | zafka wrote:
             | I really love your understanding of the biological effects
             | on human interaction:
             | 
             | "I tend to forget humans are embodied and expect more logic
             | out of them than their bodies will allow."
             | 
             | Thanks for today's smile.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lavasalesman wrote:
       | I don't have aphantasia but if I never learned about the mind's
       | eye from other people I think I would have used it almost never,
       | just sometimes as a memory aid. Everything I think about is done
       | abstractly; ie words in books and conversations take on no image
       | in my mind, only the ideas transfer. After learning about how
       | imagery springs to other people's minds when they're reading,
       | conversing, etc. I've tried to do it myself and it is possible
       | but always a conscious effort and usually tiring. The benefit for
       | me is that images are more memorable than ideas alone so my
       | recall of the things I try to visualize improves if I do it well,
       | and has led me to try things like diagramming the things people
       | say, also improving recall and understanding.
        
       | jp57 wrote:
       | I used to wonder if this was just a difference in semantic
       | understanding of the word "to see", just as two people might
       | argue whether a color is blue or green or on what side of some
       | arbitrary line some liminal experience falls.
       | 
       | The thing that changed my mind was that the aphantasic people
       | I've spoken with say their dreams have no visual component. They
       | don't have a visual experience when they dream. My dreams are
       | intensely visual; I am absolutely seeing things when I dream.
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | > the aphantasic people I've spoken with say their dreams have
         | no visual component. They don't have a visual experience when
         | they dream. My dreams are intensely visual; I am absolutely
         | seeing things when I dream.
         | 
         | I don't think my dreams have no visual component, but it's
         | often the case that certain visual properties are just not
         | filled in. Like someone's shirt might just not have a color in
         | my dreams. Not grey, not transparent, and not like everything
         | is black and white. Just that it didn't any color in
         | particular, just didn't have that feature
        
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