[HN Gopher] Report to Congress: Robocalls and Transmission of Mi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Report to Congress: Robocalls and Transmission of Misleading Caller
       ID
        
       Author : infodocket
       Score  : 102 points
       Date   : 2021-12-29 16:36 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.fcc.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.fcc.gov)
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I saw a Shitty Life Tips the other day claiming that if you
       | mentioned Tienanmen Square to the Chinese robocallers that
       | they'll end up on a list.
       | 
       | I only know enough about Mandarin to distinguish it from all the
       | other East Asian languages. Maybe I should have my coworker teach
       | me "fuck off and stop calling me," but what I really want is a
       | Mark as Spam button on my phone instead of just block caller.
        
         | hangonhn wrote:
         | That's definitely a bad life tip. The square itself is still
         | call "Tiananmen". Even if the Chinese government censor any
         | mention of the massacre, simply mentioning the name of the
         | location won't trigger it because it's like saying "Capital
         | Mall" -- it's a place people go. For that to remotely work, you
         | would have to actually say "Tiananmen Square Massacre" but I
         | doubt most people would be able to say it in Mandarin. (In
         | Chinese it's called the June 4th incident so Tiananmen isn't
         | even mentioned).
         | 
         | I'm now actually more curious about the meme itself. I wonder
         | if the actual motive is to get non-Chinese people to be more
         | curious about the event. If so, it would actually be a meme or
         | a mental virus. Fascinating to say the least.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Streisand effect is a real thing.
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | There is copypasta of banned expressions that you can use.
        
       | cogburnd02 wrote:
       | this is one fugly text file:
       | 
       | https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-378593A1.txt
        
         | thomas wrote:
         | Yes, most government data is awful but it's usually at least
         | workable. That's why sites like sec.report and
         | https://fccid.report exist. https://www.ecfr.gov is actually
         | good though.
        
       | dfdub10 wrote:
       | How has nobody mentioned Ajit Pai overturning net neutrality
       | which to me is exactly when the robo calls stopped flossing in.
       | With Net Neutrality in place callers had to get your permission
       | to call. And shocker, you remove oversight and allow free acces
       | to run scams how is anyone surprised robocalls have become a huge
       | issue.
        
         | ncphil wrote:
         | For landlines we had a Do Not Call Registry, but nothing like
         | that was ever implemented for mobile as far as I know. For me,
         | false or misleading CallerIDs are the most immediate problem.
         | If we required commercial entities to clearly identify
         | themselves in their CallerID (the way many states require
         | commercial vehicles to display their business name and contact
         | info) then we'd have a fair shot of cutting down phone spam
         | through "technical means". T-Mobile does a fairly good job of
         | identifying mobile phone and text spam, and gives you a block
         | button for the ones it doesn't catch: but it's a stopgap.
         | Almost all the "landline" (VOIP) calls coming into my house
         | already go to voicemail thanks to around a dozen call
         | treatments I've got in place: but delayed notice of an
         | important call from the proverbial clueless bank or doctor's
         | office with a blank CallerID is a constant risk.
        
         | jffry wrote:
         | > With Net Neutrality in place callers had to get your
         | permission to call
         | 
         | That's not at all what Net Neutrality is, and its removal as
         | policy wouldn't directly enable more of these spam calls from
         | happening
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | Interesting take, however your observation is opposite of
         | reality. Can you explain why the number of robocalls have
         | exploded soon after Ajit Pai's policies went into place?
        
       | thesis wrote:
       | Illegal (fraud) robocalls need to stop.
       | 
       | With that being said, I'm tired of the carriers / phone creators
       | deciding when I want to answer my phone.
       | 
       | An example of what I'm talking about:
       | https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251165362
       | 
       | My bank was trying to get a hold of me due to them turning off
       | autopay, and I wasn't answering their calls because it doesn't
       | show a phone number or anything. Just "Spam Likely"
       | 
       | IMO I'd rather see all calls coming to my phone, and send them to
       | VM if I want. Devices nowadays even have the capability to block
       | calls from outside your contact list if you want.
       | 
       | These decisions should be up to me! Not some blackhole where
       | algorithms decide if I should receive the call or not.
        
         | CubsFan1060 wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, do you feel the same about email? When I look
         | in my gmail spam bucket it's insane how much stuff I never see
         | (thankfully!).
        
           | gbear605 wrote:
           | It's interesting - my gmail spambox is mostly accurate, but I
           | get actual important emails there a few times a month. I've
           | received real emails from my bank there before! I've received
           | emails from Google services there before!!
           | 
           | On the other hand, I frequently get obvious spam emails in my
           | inbox, including from one address that I weekly received a
           | spam email. It was a very obvious email ("increase the size
           | of your member with this one quick trick"), and each time I
           | would mark it as spam, but Gmail never realized that that
           | address was spam. I eventually just had to create my own
           | filter.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what's up with it, but they need to rethink
           | their approach.
        
           | thesis wrote:
           | No, I don't feel the same way about Junk email. I can go
           | through it at my leisure and there's history there. Carriers
           | potentially blocking calls is just some black box deciding
           | what's "safe" for me.
           | 
           | There are issues with mail servers being blacklisted and they
           | can't send emails to me. But there's actual visibility to
           | that. You can look up mail server IP's and get to the root
           | issue of why you're blacklisted.
           | 
           | Honestly I'd rather the government focus on the endless junk
           | mail I receive to my home than anything. I spend more time
           | sorting that rather than hitting decline on my phone.
        
             | orev wrote:
             | The email that makes it into your Junk folder are just the
             | "probably spam" ones. Email providers are outright blocking
             | "definitely spam" messages, where the decision is being
             | made by a black box. There's no history you can check for
             | those, and the decisions are made in a much more
             | complicated way than just checking an IP blocklist.
        
         | ridaj wrote:
         | I think it's likely that some banks will start building better
         | communication features inside their apps because of this. IMO
         | the telecom companies in the US lack not just the incentives
         | but the skill to fix the spam problem, so people are just
         | becoming blind to phone calls and texts, with phones abetting
         | that blindness with spam filtering features.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | I'll never do banking on a device that I consider to be
           | compromised from first activation. You're one exploit away
           | from having your account drained.
        
             | ridaj wrote:
             | Well in that case I guess you're not banking on the phone
             | even if they solve the spam call problem...
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | You (you "You" and royal "You") need to recognize that
         | industry/developers have been making these kinds of decisions
         | for decades, but in the last two decades that I've been paying
         | attention, matters have grossly accelerated to the point that
         | some tech platforms are basically entirely driven by industry
         | desires, and not users.
         | 
         | In fact, I'm getting to the point I may start deprecating
         | "Users" in my lexicon, and replacing it with "victims" upon
         | whom technical implementations are "inflicted".
         | 
         | Because I can't honestly say that industry has been looking out
         | for anyone but industry in a looooong time.
        
           | beckingz wrote:
           | Daily Active Victims is a good metric.
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | Turn off spam call detection, if possible. Let all calls not
         | from contacts go to voicemail. Turn on voicemail transcription
         | (unless you're concerned about the privacy implications). Spam
         | calls rarely leave voicemails. Everyone else has been trained
         | to leave a VM if there's an actual business or personal need to
         | do so.
         | 
         | This is a very old problem. In the days of landlines, we
         | screened our calls with the answering machine for this very
         | reason.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | For the past two years Ive been needing to clear my ios
           | voicemails every few months because they are full of bounced
           | calls that left a voicemail
           | 
           | There is also a deleted messages section, automatically made
           | for some bounced callers, that needs to be cleared
           | 
           | Non solution offered here
        
           | CubsFan1060 wrote:
           | Also younger siblings. "Tell them I'm not home!"
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | > _Spam calls rarely leave voicemails._
           | 
           | This is quickly becoming not the case! I get several spam
           | voicemails every week now. They're intentionally hitting my
           | voicemail by placing a "dummy" call to my phone, then another
           | call a second later (forcing it to my VM due to the first
           | call being in the middle of setup). The first call is
           | disconnected before I have a chance to answer it. It's only
           | there to force the next call to voicemail.
           | 
           | The voicemails all follow a similar pattern. Here's one:
           | 
           |  _Hi this is Josh calling. We spoke some time ago about solar
           | for your home but the timing was bad so I wanted to reach
           | back out because we have a brand new program that 's only for
           | a limited time..._
           | 
           | and it goes on from there. I've never once spoken to "Josh"
           | about solar for my home.
           | 
           | These are call placement patterns that should be trivial to
           | detect on the carrier's end.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | I get the ones where the robot breathes in and out, at the
             | beginning of sentences, and sighs to sound more human
        
         | endymi0n wrote:
         | I'm always wondering why Americans allow their lawmakers to get
         | away with this.
         | 
         | In order to stop robocalls, you just need to do three things:
         | 
         | * Flat out ban them and make it illegal to route them at
         | network handover points
         | 
         | * Make caller ID mandatory with a reachable number to call back
         | to
         | 
         | * Create an authority caring for those robocall reports
         | 
         | Then, put heavy fines on violations and go enforce the heck out
         | of it. That's exactly what the EU did pretty much in the
         | infancy of this technology.
         | 
         | I can't recall ever getting a robocall here in Germany.
         | 
         | That being said, my bet is this being a tragedy of the commons,
         | as the only two parties in the system seem to heavily rely on
         | the tool for fundraising -- oh and they probably also make
         | millions for some selected members of congress... -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
           | gwd wrote:
           | > I can't recall ever getting a robocall here in Germany.
           | 
           | The simpler reason you haven't gotten a robocall on your cell
           | phone^W^W"handy" is that the _caller pays_ a non-negligible
           | amount of money to call you (at some point it was around
           | PS0.25). This makes the sort of mass spam calling that 's
           | happening in the US uneconomical. In the US, the _receiver_
           | pays the cost of the tower-to-mobile connection; meaning it
           | 's fractions of a cent to call anyone, even on their cell
           | phone.
           | 
           | Making the US more like Europe in that regard would
           | instantaneously get rid of a massive amount of spam calls,
           | without the need for any more complicated regulation.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | It would also get rid of a massive amount of useful calls.
             | Germany doesn't get robo calls, but that is at the
             | expensive of not being able to use their phones as a phone
             | when they want to.
             | 
             | Back when cell minutes were expensive what Germany has made
             | sense. Today nearly everyone in the US has unlimited voice
             | minutes (in and out) and nobody worries about how long they
             | talk to each other.
        
           | vanusa wrote:
           | _I 'm always wondering why Americans allow their lawmakers to
           | get away with this._
           | 
           | Generations of brainwashing in support of the divine right of
           | "free enterprise" has something to do with it, I suspect.
        
           | ectopod wrote:
           | A large proportion of the spam that makes it into my gmail
           | inbox is from American politicians and I'm not even American.
           | They are indeed part of the problem.
        
       | msoad wrote:
       | The US government failed attempts to stop robocalls is my
       | favorite example of how ineffective and corrupt the system is. We
       | all know that in a healthy system it is an easy problem to solve.
       | All the lobbyist and corporate interest is goin in the way. It's
       | ironic because the government officials know how directly the
       | general population feel the pain of this one and sometimes really
       | want to do the unordinary and focus on interest of The People but
       | can't get it done!
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | This argument is interesting to me because why wouldn't the
         | same apply to email spam?
        
           | howdydoo wrote:
           | Phone service is an oligopoly. Spectrum is sold by the
           | government and it is EXPENSIVE. No new companies can join the
           | market, and customers have nowhere to go. So prices are high
           | and companies do the bare minimum.
           | 
           | Email is more of a fair marketplace. In theory, you can even
           | roll your own on a $5/mo VPS. Switching costs are low. You
           | can forward messages anywhere. So email providers cannot
           | charge exorbitant rates or require 12-month contracts, and
           | they must provide better service to retain customers.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | You're thinking about cellular service. Most of the phone
             | spam I'm aware of is coming from VoIP connections and the
             | reason there's so much of it is it's extremely cheap.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | I think you have this backwards. E-mail is actually a good
             | example of _why_ you shouldn 't open up communications
             | systems too much. Because they're more or less free to
             | send, people who want to send advertisements send loads of
             | them. This makes e-mail entirely unusable unless you are
             | very proactive in restricting who can send mail to you.
             | Technical limitations like SPF, DKIM, and so on only
             | prevent the worst abuses. What does really work has been IP
             | blacklisting and reputation systems that more or less make
             | rolling your e-mail very difficult.
             | 
             | Yes, you _can_ roll your own e-mail; but you 're taking on
             | the challenge of both getting spam out of your incoming
             | mail as well as getting your outgoing mail to be
             | deliverable to everyone else. As a homelab[0] training
             | exercise, it's fun; but businesses that need reliable mail
             | just outsource it all to Google or Microsoft. The end
             | result is that e-mail users more or less reinvented the
             | restrictive systems that phone service _used_ to have
             | before the FCC opened POTS up to everyone that wanted to
             | call an entire state about the their car 's extended
             | warranty.
             | 
             | When you mention spectrum limitations, that's for providing
             | _mobile_ phone service; which is only tangentially related
             | to the actual phone call routing these days. Just getting a
             | dialable number or placing a call is hilariously cheap and
             | plenty of services of varying quality will let you do this
             | in bulk. Providing access to that number over wireless
             | spectrum is the expensive part; but you don 't need
             | spectrum to spam people.
             | 
             | [0] Don't try to take the word "homelab" literally and run
             | your mail server on your residential ISP. It won't work.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | 1) Emails are decentralized and the telephone network is much
           | less so. It's controlled by a relatively small number of
           | companies. I can't run my own server and connect it to the
           | VoIP network and start sending packets. The major companies
           | can all agree to ban caller ID spoofing and block any
           | carriers that allow it to happen, or at least block any of
           | them for domestic numbers. But they don't.
           | 
           | 2) We actually have kinda solved the caller ID problem with
           | email. We have SPF and message signing and the Telco industry
           | seems to be dragging their feet to implement equivalent
           | caller ID verification technology. Imagine if you could block
           | a spam caller and report their endpoint on the telephone
           | network. They'd at least have to purchase a new number each
           | time this happens, rather than just impersonating as they do
           | now.
        
             | netizen-936824 wrote:
             | Is email _truly_ decentralized? Roll your own and you 'll
             | encounter issues with deliver ability just from being new
             | in the market. Large providers manage their own block lists
             | and prevent some messages from some ips being delivered at
             | all. This is a practice that shuts down decentralization
             | and creates an oligopoly, although I agree it isn't as
             | severe as the tele situation.
             | 
             | There are ways to enter the VoIP market by purchasing trunk
             | access but iirc that's still controlled by a few big
             | players.
             | 
             | Another difference is that email in your junk folder still
             | contains the information. Blocking a spam call means no
             | information gets stored.
        
             | vlovich123 wrote:
             | > Emails are decentralized and the telephone network is
             | much less so. It's controlled by a relatively small number
             | of companies
             | 
             | E-mail is largely controlled by a small number of
             | companies. The vast majority of people use Microsoft,
             | Google or Yahoo Mail. The reasons it's not centralized is
             | the same as with phone numbers - interoperability.
             | 
             | As you note, all the major e-mail providers already
             | implement SPF and DKIM which is more advanced than anything
             | the carriers are talking about implementing. Spam remains a
             | problem. I think spammers will evolve the same techniques
             | of attacking and taking over "valid" endpoints and routing
             | traffic through them as they do with e-mail today. Of
             | course, this is a good thing. It raises the expense and
             | risks associated with spam phone calls. Still, I think the
             | claim that any technical measures will stop these calls is
             | unhelpful hyperbole.
             | 
             | Ultimately the only way to actually stop these is to starve
             | these services for funds which will be lobbied against
             | heavily by large players who rely on these services
             | (knowingly or unknowingly) to drive sales.
        
         | briffle wrote:
         | Honestly, its like all the huge DDoS attacks by spoofed UDP
         | packets. In both cases, their is already tech in place, that
         | prevent you from forwarding packets for networks that are not
         | 'under' you (BCP 38 came out in what, 2000?) But their is very
         | little incentive for the provider to do the work.
        
         | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
         | This doesn't sound like an informed breakdown of the issue
        
       | thewebcount wrote:
       | For me this is the most infuriating part:
       | 
       | > The Commission does not collect criminal fines for violations
       | of section 227. > If a party fails to pay a forfeiture, we refer
       | the matter to the U.S. Department of Justice for further
       | enforcement action. We have referred to the Department of Justice
       | forfeiture orders involving violations of section 227 by Adrian
       | Abramovich, Marketing Strategy Leaders, Inc., and Marketing
       | Leaders, Inc. (Abramovich), Philip Roesel, dba Wilmington
       | Insurance Quotes, and Best Insurance Contracts, Inc. (Roesel),
       | Affordable Enterprises of Arizona, LLC, and Scott Rhodes a.k.a.
       | Scott David Rhodes, Scott D. Rhodes, Scott Platek, Scott P.
       | Platek (Rhodes). 34 _During calendar year 2020, the Attorney
       | General did not collect any forfeiture penalties or criminal
       | fines for violations of section 227 cases that the Commission has
       | referred._ We lack knowledge about the U.S. Department of
       | Justice's collections beyond those cases.
       | 
       | It said earlier that these entities owe tens of millions of
       | dollars in forfeitures. Why were they not collected? If these
       | criminals know that there's no penalty, they'll continue acting
       | badly. (And we can see already that they do this. They change
       | names and start over.)
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | Are you upset about the lack of criminal penalties imposed
         | directly by the FCC? That's mostly just an organizational
         | issue. The FCC isn't law enforcement. They can only impose
         | civil penalties.
         | 
         | Referring the issue to the Justice dept is really the only
         | thing they can do. I think this goes for all independent
         | agencies. Of course, once it's referred over there, it goes in
         | the big tumbler of prioritization for the FBI/US Attorneys....
         | and I'm not shocked they wouldn't immediately jump on a non-
         | violent, extremely technically complex case.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | They should jump on all cases. That their job is hard is not
           | an excuse to not do it.
        
           | ncphil wrote:
           | Can't help but think that if marijuana
           | decriminalization/legalization finally happens, law
           | enforcement will be rooting around for other low hanging
           | fruit. Seems like this just might fit the bill. Imagining
           | heavily armed SWAT teams breaking down the doors of call
           | centers and swarming in. On that happy note...
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | based on how law enforcement has worked historically it
             | probably depends on the racial demographics and political
             | leanings of the perpetrators
        
       | degenerate wrote:
       | In today's telecom world where everything is tracked and logged
       | down to the microsecond, it's extremely angering that the only
       | reason we still get robocalls is because the players in the
       | telecom game are making _a lot of money from letting them
       | happen_.
        
         | tenebrisalietum wrote:
         | Phones and snail mail have been supplanted by equivalent
         | Internet services, and both are trying to stay alive/relevant
         | by selling out to annoying commercial interests.
         | 
         | Telegrams gave way to phones, but it was never possible to spam
         | someone with telegrams, and they had a cost per word.
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | If telcos want the phone to be relevant, this is the wrong
           | way to go about it. Just 10 years ago I answered my phone
           | when it rang, even with an unknown number. Does anybody do
           | that anymore? It's become nearly unusable, for example, as a
           | way for businesses to contact customers they have an actual
           | relationship with because of all the spam.
        
             | thewebcount wrote:
             | > It's become nearly unusable, for example, as a way for
             | businesses to contact customers they have an actual
             | relationship with because of all the spam.
             | 
             | On top of that the telcos are joining in on the fun. I am
             | an AT&T cell phone subscriber and in the last month they've
             | started robo-calling me non-stop to sign up for their
             | ailing DirecTV service. Who in their right mind would
             | subscribe to that with all the better streaming options
             | available? But the worst part is that they technically
             | aren't breaking the rules themselves because we do have an
             | existing business relationship (if you can call paying my
             | bill on time and doing everything in my power not to
             | otherwise interact with them a relationship).
        
               | ktkoffroth wrote:
               | I recently questioned this when setting up my mother and
               | grandfather with TV and internet for their new house. The
               | internet TV provider either don't have, or charge so much
               | extra for channels they consider "essential" (that's
               | another issue) that it's not worth getting the service,
               | as the price is equivalent or more to a satellite TV
               | provider.
        
               | jlarocco wrote:
               | I'm not 100% sure, but that may be a scam.
               | 
               | I recently got one of those, and I'm not an AT&T
               | customer.
        
               | monkpit wrote:
               | A scam or a dodgy 3rd party (or both?). DirecTV has a
               | reseller program where anyone can become a "retailer".
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | > Who in their right mind would subscribe to that with
               | all the better streaming options available?
               | 
               | Large swaths of the US can't get usable broadband. These
               | people use satellite TV services. Of course that market
               | is already developed so growth requires pestering the
               | people with better choices available.
        
               | tehjoker wrote:
               | I'd really like to be able to use my phone for real
               | relationships with natural persons too even if they're
               | not in my contact list.
        
               | monkpit wrote:
               | But you're assuming that the ATT/DirectTV calls are legit
               | and direct from HQ. DirecTV is resold through 3rd parties
               | all the time, I am pretty sure these calls are from a 3rd
               | party or even a scam.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Imagine if nobody ever used or knew about traditional
             | phones, and then someone came up with the "Phone app":
             | 
             | "Yea, so here is an app you will love! Install it, and it
             | allows anyone, anywhere, anytime, to interrupt whatever you
             | are doing on your device, background whatever app you are
             | running, cause it to ring, buzz, and notify! Further, if
             | you press the green button, it will allow that random
             | person to start talking to you."
             | 
             | Even if it managed to get past either of the app stores'
             | rules, who would install such an intrusive app?
             | 
             | Yet, every smartphone sold today has that exact annoying
             | app pre-installed!
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Why would you frame it like that? It's all about how you
               | market it.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | Imagine if it also reliably indicated who was calling you
               | and had super easy blocking capability.
               | 
               | Also, what if you could set time and day for availability
               | - i.e. for work related numbers.
        
             | zipswitch wrote:
        
             | ridaj wrote:
             | US telcos know at best two things at this point: keep the
             | network up and collect rent. They cannot solve complicated
             | social problems like spam or internet security. They just
             | don't have the skills or the willingness to invest. We will
             | all continue to pay them if only for internet access, and
             | for a good price too thanks to countless mergers leaving
             | consumers with few choices, but they are otherwise
             | transforming into dumber and dumber pipes at a pretty fast
             | clip. There's more profit to be made for them being a dumb
             | pipe while device and OS manufacturers pick up the security
             | / spam slack for free (eg, how much is anyone actually
             | willing to pay for spam filtering) because it lets them
             | provide a trusted environment to sell apps and ads in.
        
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       (page generated 2021-12-29 23:00 UTC)