[HN Gopher] Update: iPhone Camera app did not replace person's h...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Update: iPhone Camera app did not replace person's head with a leaf
        
       Author : agar
       Score  : 391 points
       Date   : 2021-12-31 18:05 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | ctdonath wrote:
       | Sometimes a leaf is just a leaf.
        
       | bluishgreen wrote:
       | It wasn't the AI that did the Auto-filling this past day, it a
       | large mass of humanity that auto-filled an incident report into a
       | plausible outline of a story. I think this will happen more and
       | more once AI reaches a point of higher cognition.
        
       | matznerd wrote:
       | I'm glad we got to the bottom of this. More importantly, good to
       | know there is not someone running around with a leaf for a
       | head...I can sleep again.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Or maybe the leaf-head people forced him to post the
         | "explanation" and the really AI-produced video.
        
       | xattt wrote:
       | Who are these people who cook up manufactured controversy for the
       | sake of Twitter attention?
       | 
       | The actual explanation will get lost in the discourse and leaf-
       | head will live on in the minds of the impulse-minded masses.
       | 
       | See also: Yanni/Laurel and the dress thing.
        
         | tailspin2019 wrote:
         | > leaf-head
         | 
         | Well now you've just gone and given this thing a catchy name.
         | That's not exactly going to help matters.
         | 
         | #leafhead
        
       | jhgb wrote:
       | This makes some of the "informed opinions" in the recent
       | discussion hilarious to read in retrospect, considering that the
       | event reasoned about in those comments didn't actually happen to
       | begin with.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | Happens all the time, what's fascinating is that in the
         | original discussion there are people who came to the conclusion
         | that it's just a leaf that is in front of her face, either one
         | that is in the process of falling down or one that was pushed
         | right in place by the wind...
         | 
         | The people who made such comments were never replied to, and
         | while I can't see upvotes my suspicion given how far down you
         | have to scroll to read them is that no one cared to give those
         | possibilities much credibility.
        
       | lil_dispaches wrote:
       | TWTR's image and video compression is so bad I'd call it a market
       | signal; they can't afford images???
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | isn't it more likely that they're optimizing for their users?
         | The goal is to have a product where people are scrolling past a
         | multitude of media content quickly. Having very small versions
         | of that media immediately display is the UX their users benefit
         | from.
        
           | upbeat_general wrote:
           | Definitely this. I still wish they'd have a "show original"
           | button or even detect when you're staying on an image/zooming
           | in and download the full res then.
        
       | liamkinne wrote:
       | Question for the audience: would you say this is an example of
       | Occam's razor?
        
         | ctdonath wrote:
         | Yes. In an area with lots of leaves, not unreasonable to think
         | motion or parallax unexpectedly included a leaf - vs some wild
         | convergence of leading edge technological bugs perfectly
         | rendering content in a system which shouldn't.
        
           | Natsu wrote:
           | That said, it's hard for people to know any more after things
           | like the "I am not a cat" video.
        
         | routerl wrote:
         | Yes, and therefore bad troubleshooting.
         | 
         | Don't blame systems for bad input; garbage in, garbage out.
        
         | OzzyB wrote:
         | Yes indeed.
         | 
         | IMO this is also a good example of engineers looking for
         | complex bugs and solutions which are simply not there.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | I wouldn't. We do know, indeed boast, that AI is used to boost
         | the apparent performance of consumer grade cameras and
         | especially iPhones. There is that example of a photocopier
         | changing numbers in the images it copies. Illusions are
         | reasonably likely to be either in the human _or_ the machine
         | vision systems.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | I think a better question is how many people would
           | independently develop the accusation if they were presented
           | with the original photo without comment?
        
         | henvic wrote:
         | Definitely. I'm into photography, although I'm not by any means
         | an expert, and when I first saw this news I just ignored it
         | thinking there were so much going on, and the cause might be
         | anything simple, it didn't really spark my curiosity.
         | 
         | I thought maybe it was just some processing glitch, maybe it
         | was computational photography messing up, maybe it was just a
         | question of focus, or maybe a mix of things.
        
       | Gupie wrote:
       | The leaf turns out to be real but hasn't the guy's head behind it
       | been removed? Unless the guy has such a small head its completely
       | hidden!
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | Well it was a woman and her head was not completely obscured
         | and is clearly visible. Have you even seen the original image?
        
           | Gupie wrote:
           | Yes, it looked like a woman to me but I was going by the
           | title of the thread "man's head".
           | 
           | Anyways, the image I was commenting is the one clicking on
           | the thread title takes you to. The head is definitely
           | missing:
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/mitchcohen/status/1476951534160257026
           | 
           | What image do you see the head as being "clearly visible"?
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | The one that you linked where the face is obscured and the
             | head is visible...?
        
               | Gupie wrote:
               | There is a browning where the head would be, but there
               | are twigs and other leafs in the brown area but no head
               | that I can see.
        
         | dTal wrote:
         | Yeah I don't understand everyone going "oh, that explains it".
         | That is not a photo of a leaf in front of a face. A foreground
         | leaf is involved, but it's not large enough to obscure a face.
         | There's also a leaf-textured halo of brown which looks like it
         | was once someone's hair.
        
           | brandon272 wrote:
           | Yes, it's clearly still a photo that has been messed up by
           | the phone in terms of some kind of artificial image
           | replacement, smoothing and blurring. We just have slightly
           | more context for where the big leaf in front of the face came
           | from.
        
       | jonas21 wrote:
       | I feel like it would have saved everyone a lot of time if he had
       | included the full photo in the original tweet. You can see it
       | here in this thread by @sdw [1], and it's much more obvious that
       | there's a tree in front with leaves hanging off it.
       | 
       | [1] https://twitter.com/sdw/status/1476957856347746305
        
       | adamrezich wrote:
       | kind of incredible how since we were primed to see it as a
       | camera/software glitch, that's how it looked, but, now that you
       | mention it...
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | Out of the hundreds of thousands of people who saw the original
       | accusation, only a few will see the follow-up. It will forever be
       | known that iPhones replace people's heads with leaves. This is
       | how urban legends are born.
       | 
       | This is one of the few times I'll ever feel sorry for Apple! I
       | can only imagine the calls they're going to get from Karen's who
       | didn't take good pictures to begin with and blame Apple for it
       | because they saw an internet that one time that somebody's iPhone
       | replaced a head with some leaves.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | This is not just urban legends. In Hungary there's a soft
         | dictorship where Viktor Orban is controlling the mainstream
         | media with lots of lies. After independent organizations go to
         | court, they usually win against Orban, and the media
         | organizations publish corrections, but nobody reads them.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | Looking at the original, yes, something leafy is in the
         | foreground; however, the person's visage and locks are made
         | into cubist/polygonal-like leafiness in the background.
        
           | fartcannon wrote:
           | Yeah, this seems like damage control. The AI definitely made
           | a mess of that woman's face.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Digory wrote:
         | Twitter should have the ability to issue apology/retraction
         | tweets. They know who's seen the original.
        
           | bluecatswim wrote:
           | Their largest audience is "journalists" who wouldn't be happy
           | with something like that.
        
         | wellthisisgreat wrote:
         | This is why I don't like Twitter.
         | 
         | Post now, think later
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | I think it also speaks greatly to people's paranoia about
         | technology they don't fully understand.
         | 
         | I think a lot of the HN crowd are susceptible to that because
         | they know just enough to know it's possible but are not perhaps
         | familiar with a given domain (I certainly know that applies to
         | me).
         | 
         | It's perhaps some spin-off of the dunning-kruger observation...
         | There must be a spot on the curve where a person knows just
         | enough to be freaked out by what they're seeing, but not enough
         | to explain it fully. Whereas here the Halide devs know the
         | domain well enough to quickly diagnose it.
        
           | corobo wrote:
           | > I think a lot of the HN crowd are susceptible to that
           | because they know just enough to know it's possible
           | 
           | Absolutely think this describes what happened
           | 
           | I'd have probably been more skeptical myself had I not seen
           | an ad earlier in the day of an Android phone removing people
           | from the background of an image as easily as you'd crop it.
           | Whoops!
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | It's also an example of selection effects: this dude mentions
         | he's taken 44k photos. You might think that such an experienced
         | photographer wouldn't be fooled by this - "what, it was just a
         | leaf in the way when he was zoomed in? that's all? surely he
         | wouldn't make such a mistake, and it's surely machine learning
         | at fault!" - but he's only human, and that's 44k+ chances to be
         | wrong, for just a single photographer, where social media will
         | amplify the oddest anecdote it can find across every
         | photographer in the world.
         | 
         | It's not, "he took one photo and it came out wrong", it's,
         | "humans everywhere took billions upon billions of photos and
         | you only were told about the weirdest ones which fit a
         | Narrative".
        
         | blondin wrote:
         | OMG, i was reading Quora today thinking exactly about what you
         | wrote in the first paragraph. but in a different context.
         | 
         | there is that false story that gathered tons of likes and
         | comments, even though a buried comment debunked the whole
         | thing. the worst part is that it's since been shared in many
         | Quora spaces. where it is gathering more likes and comments.
         | 
         | i stopped for a minute and wondered if the situation could have
         | been prevented.
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | > This is one of the few times I'll ever feel sorry for Apple!
         | 
         | They're a trillion dollar company who don't give even the
         | slightest little fuck about you. Stop feeling sorry for them,
         | that is an insanely unhealthy way of thinking.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | The ( _a_ of course, but the one originally involved) responded
         | 'it's a very cool lesson in focal length compression' though;
         | so it seems to me from that & still from looking at the image
         | that the iPhone _is_ doing something - making choices,
         | engineering trade-offs - that makes this accidental edge case
         | worse.
        
           | jolux wrote:
           | No, focal length and its effects on imaging is a fundamental
           | aspect of how lenses work. You could reproduce this with any
           | camera. More here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_
           | distortion_(photog...
        
             | jolux wrote:
             | This case actually seems even simpler though. There was a
             | leaf in the foreground obscuring the face from the camera's
             | perspective. Distortion doesn't quite enter into it.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | They're not talking about the obscuring itself, but the
               | focal compression effect which makes it look a lot like
               | the leaf is where the head should be, rather than clearly
               | being in front of said head.
               | 
               | Though the aggressive denoising and small lens probably
               | doesn't help.
        
               | jolux wrote:
               | > Though the aggressive denoising and small lens probably
               | doesn't help.
               | 
               | I think it's mostly this. The photograph is incredibly
               | noisy, very difficult to tell what's going on.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | Oh I didn't realise that was called 'compression', makes
             | sense though, I was just thinking too software-y! Don't
             | modern iPhones have multiple cameras for depth of field
             | though, it _could_ (or intends to) do something clever to
             | make it clearer couldn 't (resp. ) it?
        
               | jolux wrote:
               | The photo is already heavily denoised per the sibling
               | comment -- possible they could do more but it's difficult
               | when the sensor and lens are so small.
        
         | Veen wrote:
         | It's quite amusing though that so many brain cycles were wasted
         | trying to figure out how ML image processing was to blame. I
         | don't recall anyone in the previous thread saying: maybe
         | there's a leaf between the camera and the woman's head. It
         | certainly didn't occur to me that it was something so obvious.
         | 
         | (btw, is the "Karen" reference really necessary? It's a sexist,
         | racist insult that detracts from an otherwise interesting
         | comment)
        
           | iszomer wrote:
           | Still interesting to see how people can rush to blame ML
           | post-processing over a trivially overlooked parallax effect
           | even when the former argument/theory may still potentially
           | exist.
           | 
           | > btw, is the "Karen" reference really necessary
           | 
           | No, it wasn't necessary but at this point, what isn't
           | considered a slur anymore?
        
           | dan_pixelflow wrote:
           | Genuine Q: how is it racist?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ravar wrote:
             | Its racist against the group that you "can't" be racist
             | against
        
               | philosopher1234 wrote:
               | It's racist against the group who can handle a bit of
               | racism.
        
               | ratsmack wrote:
               | You didn't define which group that is... maybe you can
               | enlighten us.
        
             | ctdonath wrote:
             | A demeaning term applied to a subcategory of whites.
        
               | geocrasher wrote:
               | Stereotyping != Racism
               | 
               | Every culture, color, creed, nationality, and gender has
               | Karens.
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | There were a bunch of people who did say "I bet a leaf fell
           | off a tree when you snapped the photo" - and the OP insisted
           | that didn't happen.
        
             | geocrasher wrote:
             | Well, to be fair, he was correct. That's not what happened.
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | Nobody dare to insult saying that the leaves must have
               | been in front of a face, just like nobody would dare to
               | say to "google search doesn't work on my computer!" -
               | "did you turn it on?".
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | You don't see men playing the victimization card at the drop
           | of a pin. It is a genuine social phenomenon worthy of
           | disregard.
        
             | magicalist wrote:
             | > _You don 't see men playing the victimization card at the
             | drop of a pin_
             | 
             | I don't believe this was said jokingly, but just to be
             | sure, this definitely happens all the time.
        
           | donarb wrote:
           | > is the "Karen" reference really necessary? It's a sexist,
           | racist insult
           | 
           | And also misused quite frequently. Its origin was a white
           | woman who called the police on a group of black people who
           | were doing nothing wrong other than being black in the wrong
           | place.
        
             | acrobatsunfish wrote:
             | I don't know where you heard that, but for a long time it
             | was just a fill in name for a middle aged woman with a
             | short hairstyle who would usually cause issues at customer
             | service in retail. The "I'd like to see your manager" and
             | the Karen stereotype go way further back. It's not usually
             | about race with a Karen it's about power and getting their
             | way even if that's not how the rules are set up. (This
             | coupon is a year expired but I want it, this TV was marked
             | for a dollar so you have to sell it to me, etc.)
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | you can't very well say a meme is misused, a meme is
             | whatever it is.
             | 
             | Also, central park karen is a recent addition to the long
             | history of using karen as a punchline, anytime you think
             | you know the origin story, check _know your meme_ first,
             | you might be surprised:
             | https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/karen
        
               | mkr-hn wrote:
               | Anil Dash's interview with one of the co-founders of that
               | site was interesting.
               | 
               | https://blog.glitch.com/episode/function-episode-3
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | So to make it meme it gets abstracted to "some self
             | absorbed busybody stirring up unnecessary trouble for other
             | people" or something similar. Nothing really racist or
             | sexist about it at that point is there?
        
               | ratsmack wrote:
               | When we make every abstract thought racist, it weakens
               | and renders the word "racist" into a casual meme, not
               | unlike the name "karen".
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Its origins _are_ "racist" and "sexist" in that the
               | stereotype is specifically a white woman.
               | 
               | I don't think there's anything wrong with a little
               | stereotyping: the only reason it's "bad" is that actual
               | bigots ruin the fun, so to speak. If anything, I feel bad
               | for people named Karen.
        
             | geocrasher wrote:
             | I know exactly what the origin is (and as somebody
             | commented below, it predates the incident you refer to). I
             | also used it because it aptly describes people whose
             | exaggerated sense of entitlement and privilege overshadows
             | their desire to think critically.
             | 
             | My daughter saw this in person, where a woman was mad at
             | people at the butcher section of the grocery store, calling
             | woman who bought a whole chicken an 'animal murderer'. Plot
             | twist: the very same woman had chicken breasts and thighs
             | in her cart, but because they were not a _whole_ chicken,
             | she disassociated them from the animal they came from. I
             | rest my case.
        
             | silisili wrote:
             | Incorrect. Karen was originally someone who tried to wield
             | power over retail workers, and always demanded a manager.
             | The white lady calling police on black people usage came
             | wayyy later.
             | 
             | Now it's been abused and overused to where I don't even
             | know what it means anymore. Lady comes outside to ask
             | TikTokers to quit doing burnouts in her yard and it's
             | 'shutup kawen, stupid kawen LOL amirite'
        
             | treyfitty wrote:
             | No it wasn't- there was just a heavy intersection between
             | middle aged women complaining and BLM + other wokeness.
             | "Karen" is used correctly here and your origin story is
             | completely false.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | It's the race stuff that now has me laughing. The machine
         | learning had a data set that had too many white people and too
         | few people of other colours (leaf colours?). Somehow this was
         | relevant.
        
         | infotropy wrote:
         | That or leaf people (similar to lizard people) can only be
         | detected using iPhones.
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | Wouldn't need to obscure leaf people if we turned everyone
           | into leaf people.
        
         | pverghese wrote:
         | But the iPhone has replaced her face with leaves. If you look
         | at the photo. The place where her face and neck would be is
         | replace with a blurred out brownness even on the parts not
         | directly obstructed by the leaf.
        
         | paganel wrote:
         | For what it's worth I did send my friends this tweet with the
         | rebuttal, after I had sent the original tweet a few hours ago,
         | of course.
        
         | jpxw wrote:
         | I find that people on here are _extremely_ uncharitable when it
         | comes to anything Apple
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | Eh, I mean you're right that more people will hear the
         | accusation than the retraction, but I think everyone already
         | knows and will continue to know that iPhones have excellent
         | cameras. I wouldn't be worried about the reputation of iPhone
         | cameras.
        
           | dagmx wrote:
           | It's less about the reputation of the cameras but there was
           | an unhealthy level of conspiracy in the original thread with
           | regards to trust of digital images in general.
           | 
           | That post was already being widely used to justify the fairly
           | ludite views on image upscaling by the judge in the
           | Rittenhouse trial for example.
        
             | in3d wrote:
             | The judge was absolutely right to allow the defense to make
             | sure no AI upscaling is used. It has nothing to do with
             | Luddite views.
        
               | dagmx wrote:
               | The judge didn't merely ask whether any such thing was
               | used. He continuously pressed his own uninformed opinion
               | over the evidence rather than trying to educate himself
               | on the matter, especially given "expert" testimony
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2021/11/12/22778801/kyle-
               | rittenhous...
               | 
               | That's throwing his own incorrect mistrust of the
               | technology into things. It wasn't based on precedent or
               | founded by rational examples.
               | 
               | He also didn't provide alternate means for video playback
               | that he would trust. It's reductionist.
               | 
               | At the very least, a competent prosecution should have
               | then pulled up content in VLC and said "the source code
               | for zooming is here and verifiable"
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | Interpolation algorithms (such as bicubic) used for
               | zooming are not "AI" anymore than a decompression
               | algorithm is. There's no "training" involved; it's an
               | entirely "pure" algorithm. Same input in gets the exact
               | same output out.
        
               | donarb wrote:
               | There was no AI upscaling. If you enlarge an image
               | between two white pixels, the inserted pixel is white,
               | you will not get an interpolated black pixel.
        
       | californical wrote:
       | Original discussion for the photo:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29739235
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | zenexer wrote:
       | I disagree with the conclusion.
       | 
       | It looks like two images--one with the face obscured, one with
       | the face visible--were combined. Notice that both the leaf and
       | the person are sharply in focus, and there's a distinct circular,
       | blurry outline around the face where a transition occurs between
       | the two images.
       | 
       | No, the leaf in the photo isn't fabricated by iOS. No, iOS didn't
       | copy a leaf from elsewhere in the image to continue the pattern.
       | But the conclusion, "iPhone Camera app did not replace person's
       | head with a leaf" is probably incorrect: it looks to me like it
       | did, in fact, replace the person's head with a leaf. It just so
       | happens that the leaf was really there from the perspective of
       | one lens or photo.
       | 
       | Wasn't this documented as intended behavior on newer iPhones?
       | Images from different lenses will be combined and faces replaced
       | with clearer versions in some scenarios. In this particular
       | instance, the "clearer" version was a leaf, as there was a leaf
       | in the way.
       | 
       | This isn't really bad thing; it's an understandable bug in a
       | piece of technology that usually works amazingly well. However,
       | it does mean there's room for improvement.
        
         | karlshea wrote:
         | > No, the leaf in the photo isn't fabricated by iOS. No, iOS
         | didn't copy a leaf from elsewhere in the image to continue the
         | pattern.
         | 
         | Those two things are exactly what everyone was assuming
         | happened. So while you're right about what is going on with the
         | camera behavior, I think you're disagreeing about a completely
         | separate conclusion than everyone else arrived at.
         | 
         | > It just so happens that the leaf was really there from the
         | perspective of one lens or photo.
         | 
         | In the original thread the photographer was fairly certain
         | there _weren 't_ leaves in front, which is what started all of
         | this.
        
       | draw_down wrote:
        
       | sombremesa wrote:
       | I'm amazed that such stupid stuff takes up attention, and more
       | importantly, takes up _my_ attention. Thankfully it 's just a
       | minute or two, but clearly I need to be more careful about what I
       | click on (and let into my head...I'm sure this type of thing
       | degrades bayesian priors for everyone reading it).
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | Basically HN is mostly an entertainment site. Like the regular
         | News, one of its primary things is to grab our attention.
        
         | krisoft wrote:
         | > I'm sure this type of thing degrades bayesian priors for
         | everyone reading it
         | 
         | What kind of thing do you mean by "this type of thing"? Why do
         | you think it degrades bayesian priors?
         | 
         | Life is, among other things, a constant quest to better
         | understand the world around us. For every "real discovery"
         | there is a ton of noise. Most of that noise can be easily
         | discarded, some look more convincing. This particular instance
         | looked more convincing.
         | 
         | We know that modern imaging equipment is very complex. You
         | shoot a picture and complicated processes happen which were
         | optimised by thousands of engineers to produce a good looking
         | photo. In the past we have seen that such complex pipelines can
         | introduce plausible looking artefacts in a different context:
         | https://www.dkriesel.com/en/blog/2013/0802_xerox-workcentres...
         | 
         | This is why it could be possible that maybe something similar
         | happens with the camera app. People investigated, and it turned
         | out that that is not the case.
         | 
         | For every breakthrough in our understanding there were
         | thousands of perhaps and maybes. For every eureka moment, there
         | is a bin full of superluminal neutrino experiments. This is
         | normal and part of the process of reasoning about the world.
         | 
         | If your thinking processes get damaged by encountering as of
         | yet unexplained phenomenon then your brain is broken and you
         | should ask for a refund.
        
       | mysterypie wrote:
       | Could someone give an ELI5 please? As I understand it, the
       | explanation is that there was a leaf close to him that obscured
       | the face. But what's he saying about parallax? Isn't the preview
       | image that he would have seen on the camera display coming from
       | the same lens that captures the image?
        
         | NathanielK wrote:
         | The parallax in the video is just a tool since photographs
         | don't have any real depth perception like our eyes do. The
         | small leaves on the foreground and the big leaves in the
         | background enhance the illusion, since they're about the same
         | size in screenspace. Maybe the preview showed a leaf, but it's
         | close enough to skintone I doubt it stuck out to his brain on
         | the little phone display.
         | 
         | In meatspace, his eyes are at a different vantage point
         | focusing on the face, while cellphone cameras try to keep
         | everything visible as sharp as possible.
        
       | daenz wrote:
       | I think we bought into it because it looks plausible. In the
       | original image[0], the boundary between the leaf and the person's
       | face looks legitimately blended in a way that only AI auto-
       | filling does. From that, it's not a leap to extrapolate that the
       | leaf itself was auto-filled from the surroundings.
       | 
       | 0.
       | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FH0N9HNWQAE0n9R?format=jpg&name=...
        
         | daxuak wrote:
         | The blurry plus the tiny twigs connected to those leaves still
         | make my brain think it's some GAN artifacts.
        
         | sroussey wrote:
         | Conspiracy theories typically have some "plausible" core to
         | stare at (much like every other illusionist).
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Yeah, it has that very distinct blurry mess look that you get
         | with all the AI stuff that is always conveniently skipped over.
         | 
         | And frankly looking at the original picture again, focus is no
         | excuse for that. Yes, there is a leaf, no, the AI whizbang
         | still blurred it all to crap.
        
           | post-it wrote:
           | The AI whizzbang salvaged a photo that would have otherwise
           | been impossible to take with a lens that small.
        
           | snazz wrote:
           | The blurriness and "oil painting effect" likely has more to
           | do with aggressive noise reduction and the fact that small
           | lenses usually aren't super sharp to begin with.
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | Original image was using digital zoom, so working at the
           | limit (or beyond) what the sensor could provide. Image
           | processing is just doing the best it can with very little
           | input.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/mitchcohen/status/1476399735858683906?s=.
           | ..
        
           | zepto wrote:
           | > the AI whizbang still blurred it all to crap.
           | 
           | Maybe...
           | 
           | Or maybe the wind was just causing the leaves to move,
           | resulting in some blurring.
        
         | nawgz wrote:
         | Am I crazy? I ignored this whole debacle the first pass but
         | that couldn't more clearly be a leaf connected to a branch
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> but that couldn't more clearly be a leaf connected to a
           | branch_
           | 
           | Yes, the leaf itself is "clear" but what threw people off was
           | the blurry and dark halo _surrounding_ that leaf which looks
           | like manipulation artifacts.
           | 
           | When you use Photoshop tools like healing brush, clone/stamp
           | tool, or A.I. Content Aware Fill, you often get strange
           | visual artifacts like that. Here's a quick example of erasing
           | a person that leaves behind blurry artifacts:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC4TsTRTHiY&t=1m42s
        
             | nawgz wrote:
             | I fail to see how the similarity of those "artifacts" would
             | imply that the camera software added a leaf... and a
             | branch... and connected them realistically... in the
             | foreground... in place of the face it apparently "replaced"
             | 
             | A simple application of Occam's razor could've saved a lot
             | of furor
        
               | jasode wrote:
               | _> and connected them realistically... _
               | 
               | Well, that's the crux of the issue that you don't seem to
               | see. For many observers, _it does not look realistic_.
               | The unnaturalness of the pixels is what makes it
               | plausible for Apple software to have a bug. If it looked
               | 100% realistic to everyone, _we wouldn 't be in this
               | thread discussing it._
               | 
               | E.g. Image saving algorithm with a software bug can cause
               | pixels to be incorrectly "replaced" even though the
               | programmers never intended it:
               | https://www.dkriesel.com/en/blog/2013/0802_xerox-
               | workcentres...
               | 
               | EDIT reply to: _> , especially when the image so clearly
               | depicts that._
               | 
               | You still seem to be missing why this _discussion of AI
               | error was even possible_. In this very thread, there are
               | commenters who still don 't see "clear depictions" of a
               | realistic foreground leaf even after being made aware of
               | parallax demonstration in the update... _because the
               | blurriness_ keeps hijacking the brain to make it look
               | like a fake artifact. Consider that the actual person who
               | took the original photo didn 't realize it was a real
               | foreground leaf. (Or so he claims.)
               | 
               | In other words, saying _" Am I crazy? I don't see why
               | there's debate about the dress being blue or white when
               | ... it is clearly and realistically BLUE"_ -- doesn't
               | actually add to the discussion. Hey, it's great that the
               | foreground leaf looks realistic to you. But your personal
               | perception is not relevant _to why others perceived it as
               | an artifact._
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | I don't think you read what I wrote, so I'll say it
               | again: claiming some image processing AI introduced an
               | entire branch, twig, leaf construct in place of a face is
               | comical, especially when the image so clearly depicts
               | that.
               | 
               | I'm much more likely to interpret this thing as anti-
               | capitalist sentiment being expressed in a ridiculous
               | fashion than an actual good faith argument there could be
               | a bug so rare but so profound that people's faces are
               | mistaken for the background and the AI's post hoc
               | justification is that there is a branch and leaf there so
               | it'll output that. It doesn't even make sense what is
               | being claimed here, your links don't really change that
               | 
               | Edit: I see a leaf in the foreground, and the situation
               | was a highly (digitally) zoomed picture with a tree in
               | the foreground. This has nothing to do with color
               | perception like you imply; the fact that a bunch of
               | people - whose perception was previously influenced to
               | believe in AI error - don't think it shows the exact
               | literal situation it correctly shows hardly makes it a
               | relevant discussion
               | 
               | Edit 2: what I see might not be relevant, but the camera
               | software showed the situation correctly, and you're still
               | arguing because the digital zoom produced artifacts that
               | the entire branch / twig / leaf that was literally there
               | might NOT have literally been there and could have been
               | added by some magic unexplained AI replacement.
               | 
               | It doesn't even make sense. There is no room for human
               | perception here. If the software was rendering leaves
               | instead of faces, it wouldn't be a single guy finding
               | that scenario, and especially not when the argument the
               | leaves didn't exist in the first place was based on
               | compressed video. Comical stuff. This is literally
               | conspiracy theory argumentation from you
        
               | jasode wrote:
               | _> _I_ see a leaf in the foreground,_
               | 
               | You keep repeating "I". Again, the emphasis on "I" in
               | your sentence is not relevant to the commenter right
               | above you perceiving something else: _" The blurry plus
               | the tiny twigs connected to those leaves still make my
               | brain think it's some GAN artifacts."_
               | 
               | The blue/white dress example was not to apply color to
               | the iPhone example but a cultural reference to this
               | perception debate:
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=was+dress+blue+or+white
               | 
               | Or put another way, consider :
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind
               | 
               | EDIT reply to: _> This is honestly blowing my mind that
               | you think theory of mind applies_
               | 
               | Let me try to put it this way... _nawgz_ sees a clear and
               | realistic leaf in the foreground. Case closed. Therefore,
               | nawgz would not even submit a Twitter post or a new
               | thread to HN wonder why the head is missing. And yet,
               | such a thread _exists_ with (some) commenters wondering
               | if the software had a glitch:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29739235
               | 
               | Stepping outside of yourself and considering Theory Of
               | Mind might help explain to you why such a thread exists
               | with comments even though you yourself see no issue with
               | the photo.
               | 
               | EDIT2: _> There is no room for human perception here._
               | 
               | There is room for human perception because the person who
               | took the original iPhone photo and posted it on Twitter
               | is a _senior iOS programmer with a degree in computer
               | science_ and yet he overlooked the possibility of a real
               | leaf. If we take his story at face value, his _particular
               | mind and perception_ initially chose to believe that iOS
               | photo software replaced the head with a leaf rather than
               | consider a scenario that a tree branch in front of his
               | own house occluded the walker 's head. Only when his
               | friend theorized that a real leaf is in the foreground,
               | he then went back outside again to notice that there's a
               | low hanging branch on his tree. (That's his later video
               | showing parallax demonstration.) The original
               | photographer did not believe the pixels in his own photo.
               | That's a human perception issue.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | There is a massive difference between a perception debate
               | about color - infamously tricky - vs whether or not a
               | leaf existed. This is honestly blowing my mind that you
               | think theory of mind applies to digital zoom not being
               | able to resolve details at multiple distances flawlessly.
               | The AI replacing a face with a leaf is also a comically
               | circumvent construct to explain those artifacts
               | 
               | Edit: I explained how theory of mind applies - a bunch of
               | anti-capitalist or anti-Apple folks who think that
               | magical AI is everywhere broke this photo spectacularly.
               | I don't really care why people think it's something that
               | it's clearly not; people think covid vaccines are meant
               | to shorten lifespans, or that climate change is a hoax,
               | or that god exists.
               | 
               | None of the justifications posted are even close to
               | relevant or believable at a glance, let alone after
               | seeing the reality of the thing
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | Yes, well said, it's a human perception issue; even smart
               | guys can do really dumb things, like accuse image
               | processing software of adding a leaf, even though the
               | leaf is shown to attach to a tree that is indeed right in
               | front of this person's house.
               | 
               | What this isn't is a software issue, or something that
               | was reasonable to point to as one; after all, the
               | software was exactly correct, and to an unbiased observer
               | in an immediately obvious way.
        
       | kaycebasques wrote:
       | Never underestimate the power of starting your root cause
       | analysis with the assumption that it's pilot error! At least,
       | when doing my own root cause analysis, it has saved me a lot of
       | embarrassment to assume that I did something stupid and to
       | rigorously rule out all possibilities before I blame someone
       | else.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Or really starting your root cause analysis without being open
         | enough to a wide enough set of possibilities.
         | 
         | As a fairly trivial example, years ago now I wrote a little
         | article observing that a Sony ad boasting about how responsive
         | their camera was (at a time when many digital cameras had a
         | distinct delay) was using a rather famous wildlife photo shot
         | on film. I also noticed that it wasn't quite the famous frame
         | though it was still an excellent photo. Odd. Maybe something
         | about rights.
         | 
         | You probably see where this is going. Subsequently I saw other
         | ads in the series which had _clearly_ mistimed versions of
         | other famous photos. At which point the thing I had never
         | considered clicked--to my somewhat embarrassment.
         | 
         | (In my defense, the wildlife photo used was certainly not an
         | obvious example of bad timing unless you were familiar with the
         | original and even then it was subtle.)
        
       | nvr219 wrote:
       | What a rollercoaster.
        
       | Semiapies wrote:
       | I mean, I've seen dumber reactions to a leaf. I've seen dozens of
       | cryptid enthusiasts argue about the nature of the bright orange
       | Sasquatch that was living in the woods near a nature camera
       | because of the blurred image of a falling leaf.
       | 
       | This is pretty dumb, though.
        
       | literallyaduck wrote:
       | You mean people haven't been holding the leaning tower of Pisa
       | all this time. I am shocked!
       | 
       | I've seen some strange things from stitching photos for
       | panoramic, it isn't a huge leap of logic to think some
       | compression or interpolation algorithm went wrong.
       | 
       | Glad to know it was a problem of perspective.
        
       | jstanley wrote:
       | This isn't the whole story.
       | 
       | Just look at the picture:
       | https://twitter.com/mitchcohen/status/1476351601862483968/ph...
       | 
       | Imagine what a person's head would look like in relation to the
       | size of the body. Where has the head gone? What's the nebulous
       | dark stuff textured like leaves where the person's hair should
       | be?
       | 
       | I am happy that the iPhone didn't invent the leaf, but it has
       | pretty obviously done something weird with it.
        
       | ChildOfChaos wrote:
       | Are you guys bored or something?
        
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