[HN Gopher] Nuclear fallout is showing up in U.S. honey, decades...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nuclear fallout is showing up in U.S. honey, decades after bomb
       tests
        
       Author : ColinWright
       Score  : 212 points
       Date   : 2022-01-01 16:19 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | Actually, nuclear fallout is present in everything.
       | 
       | Following Trinity test and the rest of nuclear testing campaign,
       | every single living thing or any matter that has been processed
       | in any way has been contaminated and shows high background
       | radiation (compared to pre-Trinity test).
       | 
       | That's why some materials like steel from ships comissioned
       | before Trinity test or lead ballast from sunken Roman ships is
       | highly sought after where low background radiation material is
       | required.
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/10/search-d...
        
         | dtgriscom wrote:
         | Obligatory XKCD reference on radiation levels:
         | https://xkcd.com/radiation/
        
         | goatsi wrote:
         | For lead the radioactivity comes from uranium mixed with the
         | original ore, not from outside sources. That's why it needs to
         | be hundreds or thousands of years old rather than just pre
         | 1945.
         | 
         | >All lead mined on Earth naturally contains some amount of the
         | radioactive element uranium 235, which decays, over time, into
         | another radioactive element, a version of lead called lead 210.
         | When lead ore is first processed, it is purified and most of
         | the uranium is removed. Whatever lead 210 is already present
         | begins to break down, with half of it decaying on average every
         | 22 years. In Roman lead almost all of the lead 210 has already
         | decayed, whereas in lead mined today, it is just beginning to
         | decay.
         | 
         | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-roman-lea...
        
           | secondcoming wrote:
           | Probably a stupid question, but wouldn't all lead have
           | started decaying at the same time? Why would lead only start
           | to decay once it has been mined?
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | Only lead 210 is radioactive. Lead 210 is only created by
             | uranium.
             | 
             | Lead 210 has a short half-life, uranium 235 has a long one.
             | Thus, once uranium is removed, lead 210 levels drop
             | "quickly".
        
             | Lanolderen wrote:
             | "When lead ore is first processed, it is purified and most
             | of the uranium is removed. Whatever lead 210 is already
             | present begins to break down, with half of it decaying on
             | average every 22 years. In Roman lead almost all of the
             | lead 210 has already decayed, whereas in lead mined today,
             | it is just beginning to decay."
        
         | jabl wrote:
         | > Following Trinity test and the rest of nuclear testing
         | campaign, every single living thing or any matter that has been
         | processed in any way has been contaminated and shows high
         | background radiation (compared to pre-Trinity test).
         | 
         | Well, high and high. On average, humans worldwide receive a
         | dose of about 4 mSv/year. Nuclear weapons testing and nuclear
         | accidents contribute about 0.01 mSv/year to that.
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | Well, "high" was meant in context of the title of the article
           | as in "detectably higher".
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | Yup, illegal grave robbing in the south pacific is destroying
         | many ships that were lost with hands onboard.
         | https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/nov/03...
        
       | omgJustTest wrote:
       | radwatch.berkeley.edu
       | 
       | (This is an educational site that does food monitoring as public
       | outreach. It is underfunded, and full disclosure, I am a former
       | leader of the project).
        
         | omgJustTest wrote:
         | https://radwatch.berkeley.edu/current-air-activity/
         | https://radwatch.berkeley.edu/current-sampling/ Are the two
         | links of particular interest / relevance to naturally occurring
         | radioactive materials, distinctions between fallout and reactor
         | isotopic compositions and etc.
         | 
         | (Broken links are all over the page because as I said,
         | underfunded and mostly run by students these days)
        
           | grapescheesee wrote:
           | Sweet, thanks for the links and efforts. Do they have much
           | for historical data available?
        
       | jetsetgo wrote:
        
       | acidburnNSA wrote:
       | Nuclear engineer here. In school in Ann Arbor we ran a radiation
       | detector overnight in the lab and were able to identify several
       | nuclides in the air leftover from weapons tests. Fun times.
       | 
       | Of course the dose rate from these nuclides was many orders of
       | magnitude less than natural background so it was more a curiosity
       | than a concern. Radiation detectors can detect single atoms
       | decaying.
       | 
       | If I could have one media wish this year, it would be that
       | whenever someone says something is 'radioactive', everyone else
       | asks what the dose rate is compared to natural background before
       | talking about hazards.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | Speaking as a cheerfully untrained armchair observer, we might
         | also expect the nuclear fallout to be detectable for at least
         | the next 50,000 years [0] on the basis that detection equipment
         | is really sensitive. Sensitive to the point where we can detect
         | sunny days happening several millennia ago.
         | 
         | This looks like silly news. They may as well just have run with
         | "US did nuclear tests in the 1960s" or "radioactive cesium has
         | a half life" and left it at that unless there is something to
         | report on.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | This is the general point that most of the press and general
         | public fail to appreciate when thinking about radiation risk.
         | 
         | Similarly after Fukushima, there were terrified articles about
         | how radiation could be detected in fish across the Pacific. But
         | as you say, at what level? Certainly orders of magnitude lower
         | than your baseline exposure. We just have very accurate
         | detectors!
        
       | mwattsun wrote:
       | I wore a dosimeter in my 20's on a nuclear submarine and received
       | some radiation exposure working on the reactor, but the Navy
       | explained to me that it was balanced out because I was underwater
       | and not receiving radiation exposure from the sun. 40 years
       | later, and still cancer free, knock on wood.
       | 
       | In a related note, I know someone who keeps bees and harvests
       | honey. I recently visited the spot way out in the mountains where
       | he does this and I asked why he chose a spot so far out. He
       | explained that to get the organic label, the honey must contain
       | no pesticides and if you keep bees around the property of other
       | people they will ingest pesticides from flowers on those
       | property, since pesticides are so commonly used.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | It might have been because of the insecticides really. I have a
         | donation subscription to an organisation which keeps bees in
         | the dead center of a 1.7mln city.
         | 
         | Turns out the bees thrive in this environment, because they're
         | still better off there than in the countryside.
        
         | Luc wrote:
         | > the honey must contain no pesticides and if you keep bees
         | around the property of other people they will ingest pesticides
         | from flowers on those property, since pesticides are so
         | commonly used.
         | 
         | I think this is a very common misunderstanding. The bees are
         | allowed to forage on organically-cultivated crops, and farmers
         | can use a whole range of 'natural' but also 'certified'
         | synthetic pesticides on them.
         | 
         | Producers of organic food don't seem to mind too much that
         | people assume organic food growing doesn't involve the use of
         | pesticides.
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | Is there a word for "strictly" organic, because that's what
           | my friend is by choice
        
             | Arnt wrote:
             | Biodynamic, more or less.
             | 
             | Which is a funny group of people. Their rules sound kooky,
             | but their results aren't at all what I would expect from
             | kooks. The best strawberry jam I can get here comes from
             | from a farm where they (I learned when I asked about why
             | it's so good) turns their compost according to the phases
             | of the moon. Weird. The same farm was also raided by the
             | police. 130 police officers searched the place at dawn one
             | morning, and apparently the only reason for suspicion was
             | that those weirdos had money to spare for a succession of
             | new greenhouses even in years when all their conventional
             | neighbours had no money to spare for anything.
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | I first heard about biodynamics on a winery tour in
               | Sonoma Valley. I couldn't believe my ears. It was like
               | Scientology for grapes.
        
               | Arnt wrote:
               | The _Oxford Companion to Wine_ has a long article about
               | it. It  "remained little known in the wine world until an
               | increasing number of top-quality producers" adopted it,
               | many of whom learned about it from someone who "makes no
               | claim to understanding how biodynamics works". I, uh,
               | find it difficult to believe ... but these actually are
               | top-quality producers.
               | 
               | The _Companion_ also notes that many of them do it but
               | prefer discretion. I can see why.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | Regenerative Organic Certified
             | https://rodaleinstitute.org/regenerative-organic-
             | certificati...
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | The synthetics that are allowed in certified organic farming
           | are pretty limited (when it comes to pesticide use) and
           | pretty innocuous. Anyone can read about them specifically
           | here: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/part-205/subpart-g
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > the Navy explained to me that it was balanced out because I
         | was underwater and not receiving radiation exposure from the
         | sun
         | 
         | With the greatest respect to the Navy, I smell more fish than
         | in the seas that submarine travelled through.
         | 
         | My non-scientific understanding is that sun exposure is UV
         | radiation exposure which causes skin melanoma. Meanwhile with
         | nuclear reactors, UV is not the problem and the problem with
         | exposure goes deeper than skin melanoma.
         | 
         | My feeling is you received a standardised "policy explanation"
         | rather than an entirely scientific one. Happy to be proven
         | wrong with links to scientific fact though !
        
           | lorenzhs wrote:
           | Cosmic background radiation is a thing and water is really
           | good at blocking it, so it's not complete bullshit. Of
           | course, without knowing what dose the GP received, it's
           | impossible to say whether it's a comparable dose to what they
           | would have received on the surface - but it's plausible.
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | (https://spaceweather.com/)
             | 
             | There is some good information about the relative exposure
             | levels to cosmic radiation that one can expect to encounter
             | on this site. They have been doing balloon launches and
             | measuring in-flight levels for quite a while now.
        
             | spfzero wrote:
             | Not to mention radiation from the ground, which can be
             | significant in some locations.
        
             | traceroute66 wrote:
             | > Cosmic background radiation is a thing
             | 
             | Indeed. But isn't it really only "a thing" for airline
             | pilots, cabin crew and a few unfortunate people at ground
             | level who happen to live/work high-altitude on mountains or
             | somewhere lower down with the wrong kind of rocks ?
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29761595
        
               | traceroute66 wrote:
               | Cool, thanks for that. I didn't realise XKCD actually
               | posted serious stuff. ;-)
        
               | trenchgun wrote:
               | Also: https://what-if.xkcd.com/29/
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | Depends how you look at it. Cosmic radiation might not be
               | extremely high level on the sea level, but it is a thing.
               | So the total radiation dosis in a nuclear submarine might
               | equal or even be less than on the surface.
               | 
               | Fun story: as part of my physics education we did an
               | experiment on the cosmic radiation with a "radiation"
               | telescope. That were 2 Geiger counters with a logic that
               | only registered events which basically occured in both
               | counters at the same time. That made the observation
               | reasonably detectable and you could "see" the sun with
               | this. This experiment was conducted indoors, just on the
               | top floor of the building. We had about 1 event/second,
               | our bodies would be getting a similar dosis all the time.
        
             | goodpoint wrote:
             | The idea that radiation exposure can be "balanced out" is
             | very sketchy. Reminds me of
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_compensation
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I think they just poorly explained that his exposure in
               | the sub was lower than background radiation levels on the
               | sea surface. You get more rads living in Colorado for a
               | year than anyone would get working in a nuclear power
               | plant for a year at sea level.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | XKCD has a really good chart:
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/radiation/
           | 
           | Humans receive about 3-4 mSv per year of background radiation
           | on average. Some of this is from radioactive decay, and some
           | from cosmic radiation. Being underwater much of the year
           | might shave 1-2 mSv off this.
           | 
           | Civilian radiation workers can receive, by regulation, doses
           | up to 50 mSv per year. Typical reactor workers in the
           | civilian energy sector get a couple mSv per year of dose. It
           | is plausible that he was close to breakeven.
           | 
           | 100mSv/year is the lowest dose that has shown a clear link to
           | increased cancer risk.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Seems strange that there is only a factor of 2 between
             | maximum allowed dose and lowest dose linked to cancer.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | We accept occupational risks all the time. Here, the
               | threshold for radiation workers allows a dose half of
               | what has been ever linked to any amount of cancer.
               | 
               | The overall average, across all industries, fatal work
               | injury risk is something like 35 per 1,000,000 worker-
               | years. Compare to this, where the risk to radiation
               | workers from radiation, _if_ they receive the highest
               | allowed dose (and basically no one does) can be
               | confidently bounded to be _well_ under 1 per 1,000,000
               | worker-years. (And, if it should ever happen, is likely
               | to be far in the future and cost less life expectancy as
               | a result).
        
               | gkop wrote:
               | Would you say more? What that suggests to me is the
               | authority responsible for setting the max allowed said
               | "Well let's keep it below the threshold linked to cancer,
               | reduce it by half for safety factor, and call it a day".
               | IE they chose one of the simplest possible approaches-
               | doesn't seem surprising, but I am probably missing your
               | point.
        
               | KarlKemp wrote:
               | There are any number of substances where there's little
               | doubt that they can cause cancer even at minuscule doses,
               | just at similarly low rates. Get enough data and you will
               | find that a single whiff of tobacco smoke (or any other
               | smoke) can cause cancer. The "lowest dose linked to
               | cancer" is the result of our ability to measure such
               | effects, not anything intrinsic to the harm these
               | substances do.
               | 
               | That's specific for cancer. For other forms of toxicity,
               | the concept of "maximum safe dosage" does make sense when
               | the dose/effect relationship is not linear.
               | Pharmaceuticals, for example, can be entirely benign at
               | small dosages yet lethal if you overdose.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | But we can still set a significance threshold. Your point
               | applies equally to radiation exposure flying on an
               | airplane but we don't worry about the cancer odds from a
               | single flight since it's lower than the (already
               | miniscule) odds of crashing.
        
             | KarlKemp wrote:
             | The dose-dependent risk of cancer is in textbooks as an
             | example of linearity. While it is hard to shown for low
             | values of exposure because any measurements/estimates would
             | drown in noise and errors, there is little doubt that the
             | relation shown for higher values is just as valid at the
             | lower end. That also conforms with the stochastic model of
             | how radiation causes cancers and the mutagenic effects of
             | low-dose radiation seen in vitro.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | We're not absolutely confident that there's not some
               | threshold dose. LNT is a decent conservative assumption
               | for calculating the harms from low doses and reasonable
               | to use for regulatory purposes.
               | 
               | Even so, radiation hormesis has been noted in lab models,
               | etc (slight benefits from low doses).
        
           | tapland wrote:
           | It's true for nuclear reactor buildings where the walls block
           | more background radiation as well.
           | 
           | I'd you are worried, avoid plane flights.
           | 
           | Handy simplified chart: https://xkcd.com/radiation/
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Apparently you should also avoid Finland which averages
             | 0.11uSv.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Per the Finnish radiation protection agency the average
               | dose is 5.9 mSv/y:
               | https://www.stuk.fi/en/web/en/topics/what-is-
               | radiation/the-a...
               | 
               | A large chunk of that average dose, 4 mSv, is from radon,
               | where the dose varies a lot depending on where you live,
               | and if you live in such a radon-prone location, whether
               | you have sufficient ventilation in your house.
        
               | trenchgun wrote:
               | Radon should not be that bad, unless combined with
               | smoking.
               | 
               | Source: live in Finland and have read the health
               | authority info on subject.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Yes, you're correct. The page I linked to has this to
               | say:
               | 
               | "For example, the health risk caused by radon is
               | estimated on the basis of epidemiologic examinations, not
               | the effective dose. Every year, an average of 280 Finns
               | die from lung cancer caused by radon. Of these cases, 240
               | deaths are induced by smoking in addition to radon."
               | 
               | So they're not actually measuring an average 4 mSv/y dose
               | from radon, but rather going the other way, that is that
               | 280 yearly deaths from radon would be consistent with an
               | average dose of 4 mSv/y (assuming LNT, presumably).
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | You're probably right. I thought the same thing, but since I
           | didn't care I didn't pursue it. I would have cared if the
           | scuttlebutt was that people were getting sick and dying, but
           | that was not the case. Sub sailors were not dying in an
           | detectable numbers.
        
         | ampdepolymerase wrote:
         | The math sounds nonsensical. The risk adjusted exposure from a
         | reactor should definitely be higher as you would be closer to
         | the threshold of DNA bond breaking. Being stabbed once a year
         | isn't necessary better than getting hundred paper cuts. Any
         | actuaries here care to comment?
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Depends on what the actual numbers are. Can't really do the
           | math without them.
        
           | ErikVandeWater wrote:
           | > The risk adjusted exposure from a reactor should definitely
           | be higher as you would be closer to the threshold of DNA bond
           | breaking.
           | 
           | How are you so certain? You don't know the specifics of the
           | situation. If he worked underwater for a year and spent half
           | a day working on a reactor in protective gear it could easily
           | even out.
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | He is not saying the overall exposure may not be same (it
             | could be) he is saying risk of cancer or other bad side
             | effects may not be equal in both scenarios.
        
               | trenchgun wrote:
               | He said:
               | 
               | > The risk adjusted exposure from a reactor should
               | definitely be higher as you would be closer to the
               | threshold of DNA bond breaking.
               | 
               | That does sound like bullshit to me. Using the word
               | "definitely" without giving any numbers.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | There are mountains of literature and regulations on this and
           | the math just kind of works that way (up to some limit,
           | beyond which acute radiation effects will begin to dominate)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_no-threshold_model
           | 
           | There is now some thought that very low doses of ionizing
           | radiation are better than no radiation at all (so called
           | 'radiation hormesis'), but I don't believe that has been
           | adopted as part of any specific standard.
           | 
           | FWIW an individual person may be experiencing up to a
           | trillion DNA mutations per day from both external and
           | internal mechanisms of action. We just have a bunch of
           | systems built in to prevent them from getting out of control
           | (most of the time).
        
         | hasmanean wrote:
         | You're breathing the same recycled air for weeks at a time. The
         | radiation is continuously creating isotopes in the gases in
         | that air. That means a continuously increasing radiation
         | exposure the longer you stay underwater.
         | 
         | On the surface any radioactive gases get dispersed in the
         | atmosphere.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | _> On the surface any radioactive gases get dispersed in the
           | atmosphere._
           | 
           | The relevant radiation exposure when you're outdoors is not
           | from radioactive gases in the air, it's from radiation
           | hitting atoms in your body. (The relevant radiation to
           | compare with what a nuclear reactor produces is actually not
           | from the Sun, it's from cosmic rays.)
        
           | trenchgun wrote:
           | Surely that would show up on the dosimeter?
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | The accumulation of alpha emitters in the body would not.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | What alpha emitters would be relevant here (even assuming
               | there was any stray radiation in the rest of the
               | submarine)?
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | No, this is not the case. We often surfaced at night to
           | recirculate with fresh air. In fact, this is done so often
           | that the first thing we do is turn the clocks 12 hour forward
           | so our day shift when everyone was working occurred at night.
           | We need to surface to recharge the lead acid battery off the
           | diesel engine as well, which was done to make sure that kept
           | working well. I did this when newly qualified as an electric
           | plant operator and it was difficult for me to do correctly.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | _> The radiation is continuously creating isotopes in the
           | gases in that air._
           | 
           | What radiation? Note that he didn't say he received radiation
           | exposure throughout the submarine, only "working on the
           | reactor". That's an isolated space that doesn't continuously
           | exchange air with the rest of the submarine and has an extra
           | layer of shielding between it and the rest of the submarine
           | (in addition to the shielding around the reactor itself that
           | separates that from the space where people working on the
           | reactor go--nobody ever goes inside the reactor itself).
        
         | tata71 wrote:
         | How can we collate a list of all these committed people, and
         | verifiably share their commitment to excellence?
        
           | mixedCase wrote:
           | The GP mentioned this is what the organic label requires, so
           | you could use that as an indicator.
        
             | natpalmer1776 wrote:
             | No idea if this comment was intended as humor but it had me
             | chuckling.
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | At least save whatever documentation you have. I have some
         | letter from the military about various nasty organic solvents
         | they had us use squirreled away somewhere.
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | They sent me something out of the blue a couple of years ago
           | documenting my total radiation exposure. There must have been
           | a law passed sometime.
        
       | EarlKing wrote:
       | _ahem_ https://archive.fo/8SZos
        
       | egberts1 wrote:
       | I wonder if this unclaimed and unrecoverable nuclear bomb is the
       | real culprit here in North Carolina.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Goldsboro_B-52_crash
        
         | dtgriscom wrote:
         | "Excuse me sir, is this your nuclear bomb?" "Let me look... no,
         | doesn't look like any of the ones I'm missing."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | xd wrote:
       | You know what would be a really nice HN feature.. when you submit
       | a URL it can be flagged as "pay per view" and I can have a
       | profile setting to filter them out.
        
         | encryptluks2 wrote:
         | HN... Where all the techies use a janky website up talk about
         | their non-janky web projects.
        
           | dcposch wrote:
           | Exactly the opposite, actually.
           | 
           | HN is an exceptionally clean, minimalist website. Instant
           | page loads. No ads, no "accept cookie" banner, no autoplaying
           | media, in fact no media of any kind, no engagement-maximizing
           | algorithm. Quality moderation via dedicated human mods.
           | 
           | Then everyone comes here to talk about their Svelte ESnext
           | 69.0 x serverless kubernetes 3d metaverse animated gif NFT
           | marketplace subscription-based growth hack horror they're
           | about to inflict on the public.
        
             | encryptluks2 wrote:
             | Yet you would never see me talking about JS being a
             | positive when it comes to web design, but there is still a
             | lot to be desired when it comes to HN.
        
           | rowanG077 wrote:
           | HN is by far the least janky website I use.
        
           | tenebrisalietum wrote:
           | No bullshit != janky.
           | 
           | Janky is 50MB of Javascript that doesn't load all at once so
           | things jump around ocnstantly at the start, only to display
           | 1/3 of the text of an article before you insert 3 ads but I
           | won't know that until I click past the cookie warning and the
           | "Please subscribe" popup that happens when I scroll more than
           | 100 pixels.
        
             | encryptluks2 wrote:
             | You assume that when I say janky that I mean JavaScript.
             | Sites can not have JavaScript and still be featureful when
             | it comes to features and privacy. In this instance I was
             | specifically talking about rate limiting responses and some
             | of the censorship I see here.
        
         | fouc wrote:
         | Simplest solution would be to write it at the end of the title.
         | Something like [paywall] or (paywall) perhaps?
         | 
         | It would be nice if HN posts could include an "alt link" which
         | would be paywall free. (like an archive.is link or similar)
        
           | ricardobeat wrote:
           | Been asking for this feature for half a decade.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | While the levels of radiocesium found in honey are not harmful to
       | humans, I wonder if it has any deleterious effects on the bees
       | themselves? Could this be a contribution to the "colony collapse
       | disorder" we are seeing worldwide?
        
         | themaninthedark wrote:
         | They mention it might be having an effect but also stat the the
         | level is about 10 times lower than in the 70's. So my guess is
         | that unless a high level of radioactivity is good but low level
         | is bad then it is not a major contributing factor.
        
         | laserbeam wrote:
         | Unlikely. The article talks about a localized phenomenon, not
         | something that could effect worldwide bee population issues. It
         | explicitly talks about comparing honey from that region to
         | other honey in the US.
         | 
         | Pesticides, possibly pollution, and disease in general are much
         | more likely candidates. Last I heard there was an issue with
         | some bee parasites, however you'd need to verify that.
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | No, if that were the case it would have started in the 60's and
         | gradually gotten better (bees have short lifespans). Instead,
         | it's gotten worse and started much later. Pesticides are a much
         | more likely explanation.
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | I often wonder if nuclear testing or fossil fuels is having a
       | worse impact on humans and society. Maybe both are partly to
       | blame for the madness
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Fossil fuels. No question. We know the dangers of both very
         | well. Only a handful of people have died from nuclear. More
         | people die each day from climate.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | How much we can <<safely>> kill by nuclear power? Can you
           | give us a number?
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Not to mention that the use of fossil fuels also releases
           | small amounts of radioactive contamination directly into the
           | atmosphere as a matter of normal use.
        
           | ThinkBeat wrote:
           | Um he said "nuclear testing", not "nuclear power".
        
             | trenchgun wrote:
             | How many people have died from nuclear testing?
        
           | laurent92 wrote:
           | > More people die each day from climate.
           | 
           | And from solar panels! There are a dozen deaths a year,
           | worldwide, from installing them on roofs, which mean solar is
           | more deadly than nuclear ;)
        
           | 8bitsrule wrote:
           | >Only a handful of people have died from nuclear.
           | 
           | I accept that statement only when it's followed by ' so far
           | as you know.'
           | 
           | [https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/atomic-
           | veterans-1946-...]
           | 
           | [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/25/us/us-nuclear-accident-
           | in...]
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | I accept that statement but also the people we do know that
             | have died are several orders of magnitude. While I'm sure
             | there are plenty of people that have died from radiation
             | that we don't know of I'm sure this number isn't in the
             | millions but rather in the dozens or hundreds. It'd be
             | pretty difficult to hide so many deaths.
        
         | palijer wrote:
         | What do you mean by "the madness"?
        
       | Victerius wrote:
       | I like honey and nuclear weapons. I consume honey on a daily
       | basis. Can this affect my health? Am I eating radioactive
       | fallout?
        
         | devmunchies wrote:
         | > I like honey and nuclear weapons
         | 
         | I eat enough honey that I _AM_ a nuclear weapon.
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | I can understand liking nuclear _power_ , but you _like_...
         | nuclear weapons?! Or has my sarcasm meter failed miserably?!
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | There is a theory that the so called 'Long Peace' of
           | 1945-present is a direct consequence of nuclear
           | proliferation. This could be one possible reason to like
           | nuclear weapons.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Peace
        
             | ssivark wrote:
             | Sure... but that's an off-by-one error from wiping out
             | civilization.
        
           | hetspookjee wrote:
           | Well minus the fallout and mortalities quite some people,
           | included, find big explosions quite awesome. I wouldn't say I
           | like nuclear weapons specifically though
        
         | vmchale wrote:
         | > Levels of radioactive cesium aren't concerning, but
         | 
         | See the subtitle.
        
         | tenpies wrote:
         | If anything, in tens of thousands of years, when
         | anthropologists dig up the remains of the 2000s civilizations,
         | you will make it that much easier for them to date us.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | It's in the article
         | 
         | > The radiocesium levels reported in the new study fall "well
         | below" 1200 becquerels per kilogram--the cutoff for any food
         | safety concerns, the agency (red: FDA) says.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rikeanimer wrote:
       | Is bad understanding of dosimetry gonna be a thing now? I hope
       | not. Cosmic microwave background radiation only makes your dick
       | hard.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29761587
        
       | Krasnol wrote:
       | Germany still has significant radiation in wild boars (and
       | mushrooms) from the Chernobyl fallout:
       | 
       | https://www.umweltanalysen.com/en/wild-boar/cesium-137-conta...
       | 
       | > From September 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019, muscle meat
       | samples from 376 wild boars were delivered by the forest services
       | (Bodenmais 129, Dahn 123 and Zusmarshausen 124). So far, 355
       | samples have been measured for Cs-137 activity. The Cs-137
       | contamination of wild boars fluctuated seasonally depending on
       | the availability of individual food components within a study
       | area, with the variability of the measured values being up to
       | three orders of magnitude. The values ranged from 0.6 Bq/kg fresh
       | mass (FM) (Dahn) to 16,704 Bq/kg (Bodenmais).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | This constantly gets brought up but few people run the numbers
         | because you can safely eat kilograms of each a day. You can see
         | the full calculations if you search my comments. The truth is
         | just that we're really good at detecting radiation because
         | doing so allows us to better detect weapons.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | The thing is: it doesn't matter what me or you think about
           | it.
           | 
           | There are food regulations in Germany and they need to be
           | obeyed.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | Sure. But if the numbers are below regulation numbers why
             | write articles on it constantly. I mean the same thing
             | happened with fish around California after Fukushima. There
             | was a measurable increase in radiation in the fish but
             | still well below legal limits which are below dangerous
             | levels (factors of safety are built in. Caution is good
             | after all).
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | But regulations can be changed, if they are stupid.
             | 
             | So are they stupid(overprotective), or do they make sense,
             | in the meaning there _is_ a real danger from eating
             | contaminated boar?
        
           | deeg wrote:
           | How does the radiation from boar meat compare to sunlight?
           | E.g. eating 500 grams is similar to sitting in the sun for 5
           | minutes, in very rough comparison.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | It mostly doesn't compare - sitting in the sun for five
             | minutes doesn't expose you to much in the way of ionizing
             | radiation as almost all of it is filtered out by the
             | atmosphere. And when you get out of the sun, it stops.
             | Radioactively contaminated food glows at your insides for
             | much longer. Cs-137 biological half-life is weeks:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium-137#Health_risk_of_ra
             | d...
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | Radiation is a pretty weird thing that is easily
             | misunderstood because people use the same term to talk
             | about very different things. While sitting in the sun will
             | cause UV radiation and can result in skin cancer it's not
             | the same as interesting cesium. Though both can cause
             | cancer.
             | 
             | But if we're just talking about increase chance of cancer
             | iirc the meat calculations you need to eat like 15 kg of
             | boar a day from that region (like 3kg if the highest
             | measured). I'll let you make your guesstimate from there.
             | And we're not even talking about risk of cancer from eating
             | that much meat.
        
         | trenchgun wrote:
         | What do you mean my significant?
         | 
         | See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28912557
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | Significant means that hunters need to hand in their boar, it
           | will be checked and if it surpasses the health levels
           | defined, they're reimbursed with 250EUR for every boar. This
           | is taxpayer money. And just the state of Bavaria pays
           | millions every year.
        
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