[HN Gopher] What the Omicron wave is revealing about human immunity
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       What the Omicron wave is revealing about human immunity
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2022-02-03 12:37 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | cloutchaser wrote:
       | It's interesting reading about things other than antibody levels
       | now in Nature as well. T-cell immunity was considered borderline
       | conspiracy theory until recently.
       | 
       | I try to avoid conspiracy theories and think this was probably
       | down to the way governments think and are advised, antibody
       | levels mean an instant response in humans to a virus, so keeping
       | them high during a pandemic probably made sense to advisors and
       | politicians. But that ignores so much about the immune system.
       | 
       | I hope this narrative shift leads to some more nuanced decisions
       | being made.
        
         | perardi wrote:
         | Ignored? By whom? I am not a virologist, but actual virologists
         | sure talked about T-cells in public forums. Or moreover, that
         | we have to have some degree of humility about exactly what are
         | the correlates of immunity for this disease.
         | 
         | https://www.microbe.tv/twiv/
         | 
         | And this podcast had Fauci on, so it's not like they weren't
         | some degree of notable within the immunological academic
         | sphere.
         | 
         | I think it 's time for Hanlon's Razor here. Antibodies were
         | easy to measure. Antibodies probably meant people wouldn't get
         | sick and wouldn't spread this. So policy makers, being in a
         | tremendous rush, really glommed onto antibodies, and just got
         | stuck in that mindset, because it's hard to turn a ship around.
         | I don't know where there would be a conspiracy--it's just that
         | this whole thing is complex, and politicians are not
         | virologists.
        
           | cloutchaser wrote:
           | > it's just that this whole thing is complex, and politicians
           | are not virologists
           | 
           | What's really really really bad is that the entire narrative
           | has been built on "we are science, follow us, if you don't,
           | you are an idiot, you are endangering others"
           | 
           | Except science is much more nuanced, and hey, it turns out
           | t-cells do things too not just antibodies (of course this was
           | known pre 2020).
           | 
           | Maybe if communication on this issue wasn't turned so black
           | and white, and us vs them, by the media and politicians, we'd
           | be in a better place now. But they didn't do that, they
           | turned this into politics too.
        
             | mikeyjk wrote:
             | I feel like I've missed the context leading to this
             | perspective. Where was the discourse on t-cells shut down?
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Exactly. I feel like there are people who see people
               | being shut down, but it hasn't happened in any venue I'm
               | familiar with.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | It happened. I assure you. Debate, healthy skepticism,
               | questioning... It was all completely shut down. You were
               | not allowed to discuss anything but The Science. I've
               | been yelled at by people I know in real life for
               | discussing T-Cell immunity. Some of the smartest people I
               | know completely lost their minds. They'll never be the
               | same and I'll never have the relationship with them I had
               | pre-pandemic.
               | 
               | The story of the last 2 years is 10% disease mitigation,
               | 20% intellectual error, 30% media fear-mongering and 40%
               | politics & tribalism.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | The fact that I can find articles discussing T-cell
               | response all the way through the pandemic with a simple
               | Google search seems to indicate that people were talking
               | about it. Maybe you shouldn't let the people in your
               | social circle dictate what you think is happening in the
               | broader world? And I don't mean that to snarky, but I
               | feel like I see a lot of this type of generalizing.
        
               | cloutchaser wrote:
               | The entire debate about natural immunity was shut down.
               | No, you need the vaccine, was the argument for a long
               | time. It was also ignored in mandates in many countries.
               | 
               | The entire basis of this is that T-cell immunity is
               | ignored, and only sky high antibodies caused by the
               | vaccine offer any protection for future infection.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Can you point me to an article in NEJM or Nature (or
               | another respected publication) that said any of this?
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | It wasn't in the journals. It was in the media and in
               | discussions with others.
               | 
               | PS: The fact it is hard to talk find sources is because
               | it was all shut down.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | You do realize the media can say whatever they want?
               | MSNBC can go one way and Fox News can go the other way.
               | Their audiences don't shut down the other...
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > You do realize the media can say whatever they want?
               | 
               | Ultimately all of what these "experts" say is distilled
               | by people in the media and shared through twitter, HN,
               | reddit, FB and more.
               | 
               | During this madness, all the biggest doomsday people in
               | my circle of "real" humans would feed me reams of NYT and
               | Atlantic articles as their "sources". If I fed them some
               | academic article that goes against the media narrative
               | they'd dismiss it as "not peer reviewed" or "publishers
               | were doing a flawed study". Ironic considering almost all
               | of their sources had all the same major flaws as whatever
               | I provided.
        
               | bigodbiel wrote:
               | https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2101/rr-0
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | First, that was simply an editorial piece.
               | 
               | But more importantly they "assert" natural immunity is
               | being ignored by scientific journals, but provide no
               | evidence. Even worse, they then go on to cite studies
               | from prestigious scientific journals that discuss natural
               | immunity! What is it, are they ignoring it or are they
               | publishing well cited papers on it?
               | 
               | Lastly, they conflate science with policy. As they even
               | note, the scientific community has long known that there
               | is some immunity with surviving infection. But policy has
               | to take more than that into account.
        
               | EricE wrote:
               | Where were the amount of articles that were
               | proportionally talking about it?
               | 
               | Familiar with the term lie of omission?
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | It's hard to get proportionality w/o spending a lot of
               | time getting data.
               | 
               | But the simplest Google search and you can find Nature
               | articles talking about T-cell response with respect to
               | Covid:
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24377-1
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-00436-4
               | 
               | If you aren't aware of these discussions it's not because
               | of lies of omission, gas lighting, or a vast conspiracy
               | theory. It's because you buried your own head and then
               | said someone is holding your head down.
        
               | EricE wrote:
               | Would you call the activity around Joe Rogan a discussion
               | or being shut down?
               | 
               | Perhaps your aren't seeing a thing because you aren't
               | looking for it?
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Isn't Joe Rogan one of the most popular podcasts in the
               | world and when Neil Young said "him or me", Spotify said
               | him. Is that your definition of "shut down"?
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | That hasn't completely played out yet. Spotify also lost
               | a lot of share value over this stunt. Organizations
               | certainly are _trying_ to shut him down, which is scary
               | in and of itself, regardless of the outcome. CNN is
               | talking endlessly about this.
               | 
               | If Joe Rogan was a smaller fish, it would have been
               | easier.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | If he was a smaller fish, no one would care.
               | 
               | I don't watch Joe Rogan. I've seen one clip where he
               | talks about myocarditis in children and he seems like he
               | is just making things up. And when the data is presented
               | to him, in real time on the show -- its like he doesn't
               | want to believe it. He doesn't seem like a good faith
               | actor. You can probably find the clip.
               | 
               | I haven't seen CNN make any call to have him removed.
               | Although they do call out that he says things that are
               | factually incorrect -- that seems in-scope for a new
               | organization. They did the same thing to Sotomayor when
               | she made false statements about Covid and kids too. Are
               | they trying to cancel her?
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >If he was a smaller fish, no one would care.
               | 
               | No one would care about them being shut down, or no one
               | would care what they said? Small people get de-platformed
               | quite often from both political tribes, including shadow
               | bans.
               | 
               | >I don't watch Joe Rogan.
               | 
               | Most people who are criticizing him, calling him racist
               | and all that business don't watch him either I don't
               | think. They just watch curated clips. I watch some of his
               | episodes, some are certainly thought provoking. The
               | general rule of thumb is if a clip cuts off mid-sentence
               | or abruptly, it's probably intentionally misleading.
               | 
               | >I've seen one clip where he talks about myocarditis in
               | children and he seems like he is just making things up.
               | 
               | Is it the one where he was with the Australian
               | journalists where Rogan was saying there is a higher
               | chance of kids getting myocarditis from the vaccine than
               | from Covid? Did you watch the whole thing where the
               | journalist disagreed, then they looked it up and Rogan
               | corrected himself? If not, you watched a specifically
               | curated clip probably designed to push a misinformation
               | narrative.
               | 
               | >They did the same thing to Sotomayor when she made false
               | statements about Covid and kids too. Are they trying to
               | cancel her?
               | 
               | Did they do it for going on a week now? How many anchors
               | covered it? Sotomayor isn't competition for CNN.
               | 
               | If you are interested, I suggest you watch some counter
               | arguments to this whole facade to get a better picture.
               | Right now I think you are just listening to the
               | prosecutor and not the defendant, so to speak. Some
               | interesting things I noticed is when the news would do a
               | segment on a Trump speech and how outlandish it was, then
               | I watched the actual speech, it was pretty obvious the
               | news was being disingenuous. Seems like this happens on
               | all corporate news, not just CNN, MSNBC, etc. It seems
               | like CNN is getting gutted right now, so hopefully it
               | will improve.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iccd9KRhXVo
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > Where was the discourse on t-cells shut down?
               | 
               | What countries accept a recovered infection on par with a
               | vaccine? That will tell you where the discourse was shut
               | down.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | Unfortunately, policy makers communicate to the public with
             | the expectation that they have a seventh grade reading
             | level.
        
             | nefitty wrote:
             | Yes, thank you! Just because I only have a high school
             | degree does not mean my opinion is not as valid as a
             | medical professional's.
             | 
             | Wait. No, that doesn't make sense at all actually... Hm.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I believe it was Asimov that lamented "the problem with
               | democracy is that my ignorance is as valuable as your
               | knowledge".
        
             | VikingCoder wrote:
             | > "they turned this into politics too."
             | 
             | Politics is the discussion of how we should behave. How
             | could this possibly have not become politics?
             | 
             | When you're lost at sea, you're an idiot if you don't row
             | with everyone else, in the direction that the navigator
             | thinks is right.
        
               | nitrogen wrote:
               | This "everything is politics" line really needs to die.
               | It's completely ignoring what people actually mean when
               | they say "turned political" -- that people focus more on
               | scoring points and amplifying divisions instead of the
               | overall welfare of groups and individuals.
        
               | cloutchaser wrote:
               | Maybe I should have said "tribal" instead of "turned
               | political". Because that's what manipulative politicians
               | do and it's what everyone hates and loves about politics.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | I think you are right. It isn't politics, it is mostly
               | tribalism. Us vs. "the others".
        
         | bigodbiel wrote:
         | Reading this article feels like science experiment on a global
         | scale was run. And that too was a conspiracy theory, once.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | packetlost wrote:
         | I don't know what you're talking about, I recall learning about
         | T-cell immunity in middle-school biology class like 15 years
         | ago. Just because politics causes you to cloud your judgement
         | and memory does not mean the research and knowledge wasn't
         | already there.
        
         | jpeloquin wrote:
         | > T-cell immunity was considered borderline conspiracy theory
         | until recently.
         | 
         | This surprised me, so I checked my cell biology books. The role
         | of memory T-cells in the adaptive immune response is clearly
         | described in Garland, "Molecular Biology of the Cell", (c)
         | 2002. Not sure in what sense T-cell immunity is a conspiracy
         | theory, unless it's being used as code for something else.
        
         | jamesblonde wrote:
         | Next, we'll start talking about innate immunity. But, maybe
         | it's too early for that for too many people.
        
         | Mikeb85 wrote:
         | > T-cell immunity was considered borderline conspiracy theory
         | until recently.
         | 
         | It's funny how the pandemic caused people to toss our decades
         | of understandings of viruses out the window because it was
         | politically expedient.
         | 
         | It's always been known that if your immune system allows you to
         | recover from a virus, you will have _some_ level of lasting
         | immunity.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | While true, " _some_ level of lasting immunity" is not
           | necessarily all that useful. Norovirus infection and recovery
           | for example, only last 6-24 months. I don't know what the
           | long term immune system response is for covid, but I do know
           | that planning in general needs to be for the more pessimistic
           | end of what is seems possible, and that quite a lot seemed
           | possible in the early days of the pandemic.
        
             | skocznymroczny wrote:
             | Why the "only" wording? Seems like the covid vaccines don't
             | even last this much, and they are praised.
        
               | darkcha0s wrote:
               | I'm guessing because they give you protection without
               | actually catching the potentially harmful virus in the
               | first place?
        
               | chucksta wrote:
               | No they used "only" as in "not very long". The question
               | is asking how can you say it's not very long when the
               | covid vaccination lasts less than a year in comparison
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | Covid vaccines have less side effects than the virus so
               | are still superior option, hence the praise.
        
               | robrorcroptrer wrote:
               | What if I had prior infection of Covid before vaccines
               | were available? Why would I need to be forced to be
               | vaccinated? Given that my health care system actually
               | registers this prior infection. While we don't have
               | vaccines for everyone in the world.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | We have way more than enough for anyone who wants it.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | Given that the poster said norovirus immunity lasts from
               | 6-24 months, having been infected before the vaccine
               | wouldn't guarantee you're safe.
               | 
               | And while sure they could push back your vaccine
               | requirement a few months, that'd require a fair amount of
               | additional overhead and add an additional risk of having
               | gotten a false diagnosis.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | Getting Covid should be treated as though you got a
               | vaccine based on the data I have seen, which also means
               | its immunity effects wanes over time and would need to be
               | boosted periodically either by reinfection or vaccine,
               | again the vaccine being the safer approach.
               | 
               | Whether or not you should be "forced" to take it should
               | be based on risk to others in the situation that it is
               | being forced, just like you are "forced" to not speed
               | while driving on a public highway.
               | 
               | I am not sure what the current latest scientific data is
               | but my understanding is that virus and vaccine both
               | reduce the risk of a subsequent infection, spreading the
               | virus if infected and getting severe outcomes requires
               | hospitalization (which reduces hospital capacity). Since
               | this protective effect fades in both circumstances a
               | recent booster would need to be "forced" if not recently
               | having been infected assuming there is no issue with
               | vaccine supply.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > Whether or not you should be "forced" to take it should
               | be based on risk to others in the situation that it is
               | being forced, just like you are "forced" to not speed
               | while driving on a public highway.
               | 
               | I really wish people would stop using this analogy.
               | Driving is a privilege not a right, and you earn that
               | privilege by following the rules.
               | 
               | Living without compulsory medical procedures is a right,
               | not a privilege, so it's the complete opposite case. You
               | need a better analogy.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | In the US the mandates allow a choice to either vaccinate
               | or get regular testing. No one is being made to take a
               | vaccine against their will in the US at least, they must
               | however take precautions to protect others from their
               | risky behavior.
               | 
               | You have a right to bear arms here in the US that does
               | not mean you can shoot them in a public place because
               | that endangers others. Typically rights have limits when
               | they impose on others rights.
               | 
               | Working is a privilege was well not a right, you have no
               | right to a job at an employer (at least in the US). So
               | the analogy fits as a privilege but it also works as a
               | right since neither are absolute and are typically
               | limited when they effect others around you negatively.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > they must however take precautions to protect others
               | from their risky behavior
               | 
               | If the vaccine was so good at protecting others, why the
               | hell do vaccinated people still need to wear a mask? How
               | is it even ethical to force people to vaccinate in order
               | to function in society and yet still require them to wear
               | a mask? Seems kind of bullshit to me.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | I agree rights have limits when they conflict with other
               | rights. However the right to work is a right under the UN
               | human rights code. That doesn't mean you have a right to
               | work at any particular place, but it does mean if
               | vaccines are a prerequisite for any kind of work, either
               | by government fiat or by broad corporate consensus, that
               | would be a violation of human rights. Using tests to
               | balance vaccines is one way to address that, but some
               | countries don't even take those considerations and want
               | to blanket mandate vaccines.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | If it where a prerequisite to vaccinate with no other
               | choice to find work anywhere (even remote from home jobs)
               | or even say a majority of places I might agree, but that
               | is not even close to the case here in the US.
               | 
               | I think the UN humans rights could also be interpreted as
               | I having the right to a safe work environment and
               | conversely if I where forced to work in a common office
               | space with unvaccinated / untested people that would also
               | violate my rights.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | As I said, the US is not the only place that's discussing
               | or implementing mandates, and other places are less
               | flexible in how they're applying them.
               | 
               | Secondly, the very notion that you can have an
               | expectation of not getting infected from someone else is
               | intrinsically untenable. Just try to define what
               | characteristics a pathogen must have before vaccines are
               | mandatory. Why set the bar at COVID's fatality rate, why
               | not the flu? Why not the common cold? Is fatality rate
               | really the right metric? What about number of post
               | infection complications?
               | 
               | Furthermore, what if we say the COVID rate is the cutoff,
               | what if you have comorbidities that increase your chances
               | of death, does that increase the obligation of your
               | workmates to get vaccinated or is that your problem? I
               | think you know which way the rhetoric is going, but these
               | answers are far from obvious.
        
               | SigmundA wrote:
               | So which places are you talking about so I know what I
               | can agree or disagree with?
               | 
               | This whole thing seems like continuum fallacy [1]. Just
               | like everything we must all agree on a cutoff because the
               | real world doesn't have neat black and white thresholds,
               | covid is different from the flu that much is obvious and
               | reaches my threshold for requiring vaccination / testing
               | mandates at least in its current form. Do agree that a
               | disease can be deadly enough to require it? If so what is
               | your threshold before the mandate should be allowed?
               | 
               | I am willing to discuss what metrics would help come to
               | consensus as a society, buts its not like requiring
               | vaccines or other preventative measures for certain
               | activities is some foreign concept.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorites_paradox
        
               | was8309 wrote:
               | aren't vaccine mandates for participation in a shared
               | environment - like work?
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Mandates are being used in many different ways depending
               | on the country. But even if it were limited to work, the
               | right to work is also recognized as a human right so the
               | analogy to driving still fails.
        
           | api wrote:
           | One of the worst things about Donald Trump was that if he or
           | anyone adjacent to him actually said anything _good_ , it
           | immediately became toxic. They did do so every once in a
           | while, but it was so throughly mixed with shit that it became
           | contaminated.
           | 
           | If Trump said the sky was blue, suddenly it would have to be
           | red and if you were a red sky denier you were a racist. We
           | are still dealing with the echoes of this and will be for at
           | least five years.
           | 
           | This is why having a super-polarizing troll in office is
           | inherently bad for society. I think that's true regardless of
           | their stripes. An obnoxious troll from the "left" would be no
           | better in this particular regard.
           | 
           | There's a reason high office leaders need to carry themselves
           | professionally. Class (of the behavioral sort) is not some
           | old fogie cultural superstition. Leaders that carry
           | themselves like Trump actually damage the cognition of the
           | people in their society.
        
             | 62951413 wrote:
             | 70M people would like a word with you.
             | 
             | Don't confuse legacy media propaganda with what regular
             | people think. Especially when you hear newspeak.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | And 230M people would like a word with _you._
               | 
               | Trumpists seem to forget that neither their movement nor
               | their President have ever had the support of the American
               | majority, much less of all "regular people." Never even
               | the popular vote.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Veen wrote:
             | There's truth in the idea that Trump supporting an idea
             | made it toxic even if it was a good idea, but it didn't
             | happen in a vacuum. It happened because the anti-Trump
             | media attacked everything Trump said, whether it was
             | sensible or not. They could have taken a neutral
             | perspective and assessed his speech on its merits, but they
             | did not and they bear some repsonsibility for that.
             | 
             | (To be clear: I'm not a Trump supporter and I think that
             | when he was right it was by accident rather than design.
             | However, many media organizations shamed themselves by
             | embracing partisanship and abandoning even the pretence of
             | neutrality).
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Are there a lot of examples of this? In general when
               | Trump said the right thing it seems like the media didn't
               | go too far overboard. The most obvious example was about
               | vaccination itself. While people were worried that he
               | would push out a vaccine that wasn't ready, people were
               | on board with vaccination.
               | 
               | That said, I do think that Trump's brand was largely
               | about division on social issues. So to that extent he
               | often put at the forefront of his narratives positions
               | that forced you to take a side. E.g., should Kaepernick
               | be fired or not. Etc...
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | I think media treatment of him was really weird. Some
               | things were exaggerated, but something like suggesting,
               | during the '16 campaign, in a plainly favorable tone,
               | that his supporters might _assassinate his opponent_ if
               | she won, should have been the only thing anyone wanted to
               | ask him or his proxies about until he was hounded out of
               | public life. Instead it was dropped surprisingly quickly.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | (can't edit, but not sure if the DV was over disbelief or
               | for some other reason--if the latter, cool, no problem, I
               | take no issue with whatever your reason was; if the
               | former, it's on YouTube and it's exactly what I've said
               | it is, though on review _technically_ he may _merely_
               | have been suggesting that the  "2nd amendment people" [as
               | he put it] might shoot Supreme Court justices... so, you
               | know, not exactly better. It's not clear which of those--
               | or, maybe both--were what he had in mind when he said
               | it.)
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | I think the media treatment was fair and evenhanded. I
               | think what has changed with the media is that nothing
               | sticks for very long. As you note, what might have been a
               | big story in the past has a really short news cycle now.
               | What was remarkable about Trump was the shear volume of
               | stories -- each lasted for days, but was then followed up
               | immediately (or concurrently) with another. Even Jan 6 is
               | having trouble sticking in the news.
               | 
               | I think this was one of the issues that the Republicans
               | ran into with the election. They thought that certain
               | stories about Biden would stick and last. They missed
               | that none of these stories last any more. You need a huge
               | volume of stories to paint a narrative over a long period
               | of time.
               | 
               | Someone else mentioned the uncharitable interpretations
               | of things he said. That was earned over years of such
               | statements. It wasn't a new isolated incident.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | > Someone else mentioned the uncharitable interpretations
               | of things he said. That was earned over years of such
               | statements. It wasn't a new isolated incident.
               | 
               | You're right to such a degree that I _distinctly_
               | remember my first impression of him being formed by _Rush
               | Limbaugh_ (my dad was a listener) making fun of what a
               | dishonest, sleazy joke of a human being Trump was. Must
               | have been some time in the 90s. His reputation was
               | decades in the making, and _at one time_ that take on him
               | was practically universal. The transformation was
               | fascinating to watch.
        
               | EricE wrote:
        
               | EricE wrote:
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | This is an example of when people say, "I'll do my own
               | research" I often roll my eyes. First, about the site you
               | gave, here's what BMJ has to say about this site:
               | 
               | "Different websites (such as https://ivmmeta.com/,
               | https://c19ivermectin.com/,
               | https://tratamientotemprano.org/estudios-ivermectina/,
               | among others) have conducted meta-analyses with
               | ivermectin studies, showing unpublished colourful forest
               | plots which rapidly gained public acknowledgement and
               | were disseminated via social media, without following any
               | methodological or report guidelines. These websites do
               | not include protocol registration with methods, search
               | strategies, inclusion criteria, quality assessment of the
               | included studies nor the certainty of the evidence of the
               | pooled estimates. Prospective registration of systematic
               | reviews with or without meta-analysis protocols is a key
               | feature for providing transparency in the review process
               | and ensuring protection against reporting biases, by
               | revealing differences between the methods or outcomes
               | reported in the published review and those planned in the
               | registered protocol. These websites show pooled estimates
               | suggesting significant benefits with ivermectin, which
               | has resulted in confusion for clinicians, patients and
               | even decision-makers. This is usually a problem when
               | performing meta-analyses which are not based in rigorous
               | systematic reviews, often leading to spread spurious or
               | fallacious findings.36"
               | 
               | Furthermore, in good faith I went and randomly looked at
               | one of the studies cited that sourced a reasonable
               | journal:
               | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.27469
               | 
               | The c19ivermectin site misrepresents the results from the
               | study. To quote the actual study: "However, a mortality
               | benefit was not seen with ivermectin treatment before and
               | after PSM (p values = 0.07 and 0.11, respectively). ICU
               | admission, and intubation rate were not significantly
               | different between the groups (p = 0.49, and p = 1.0,
               | respectively). No differences were found between groups
               | regarding the length of hospital stay, ICU admission,
               | intubation rate, and in-hospital mortality."
               | 
               | Additionally the study notes: "The ivermectin group was
               | more likely to have bacterial pneumonia complications
               | compared to the control group (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.02).
               | Eight patients had a pulmonary embolism or deep vein
               | thrombosis in the ivermectin group, and the ivermectin
               | group more frequently received therapeutic
               | anticoagulation therapy than the control group. In
               | addition, 13 patients had acute kidney injury in the
               | ivermectin group."
               | 
               | The website you provided has a very biased take on just
               | the one study I looked at. It's hard for me to take it
               | seriously as an unbiased meta-analysis of ivermectin.
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | This is cherry picking at its worst. I found one bad
               | study from 78! studies. Therefore, I will ignore all
               | studies. Even worse, none of your double blind RCTs are
               | multi-site western studies. So, I will ignore all of
               | them. Do you know what? After 2 years. 2 years, there has
               | not been even one WESTERN double blind RCT of Ivermectin
               | for Covid that has reported its data. Not one. There are
               | 3 ongoing - Oxford (paused now, because they cannot get
               | supply - what a joke), Covid-OUT (reporting in maybe 2
               | months), and NIH (reporting in 2023). The Together trial
               | finished in August, but they are still sitting on the
               | data - why?
               | 
               | Besides those trials, there are 87! studies from lots of
               | countries. One really good observational study with ~200k
               | participants (120k in the treatment group) from Itaj
               | Brazil for IVM as prophylaxis. Results for propensity
               | matched data were hospitalizations down by 85%, and for
               | non propensity matched 50%. But nobody has written about
               | it. The same goes for Fluvoxamine, which has great data.
               | As does Melatonin and Curcumin. Lots of treatment and
               | prophylaxis options out there.
               | 
               | And yes, i am vaxxed. But I despair at this notion that
               | it is vax or treatment. I chose both.
               | 
               | Reference:
               | 
               | https://www.cureus.com/articles/82162-ivermectin-
               | prophylaxis...
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | I randomly picked the first study of a journal id heard
               | of. I'm not going to read all 78. It's not cherry picking
               | when you do that.
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | Irrespective of whether it's random or cherry picked, you
               | can't discount a mountain of evidence from N=1. That is
               | the playbook Big Pharma have succeeded with so far. Find
               | one trial with evidence of fraud (El-Gazaar DBRCT) and
               | then discount all other clinical trials on IVM for Covid.
               | The media bought it hook, line, and sinker.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | I absolutely can discount a mountain of evidence from
               | N=1. If you bring me 10 candidates for a job and say they
               | can all type 100 WPM and I say, "OK, give me that guy in
               | the middle" and give him a typing test and he types 20
               | WPM, I'm discounting the rest of the candidates because I
               | no longer trust the source.
               | 
               | Furthermore, the issue isn't the study. It's how they
               | misrepresented the results of the study. Another example,
               | it would be like if you give me a paper and I go to the
               | middle of the paper and it says, "Nazi's saved millions
               | of Jews from the rein of terror of the Hawaiians" -- I'm
               | going to discount the paper because I think the
               | editorializing is misleading. I don't need to read the
               | rest of the paper -- unless you tell me that the section
               | I read was meant to be satire.
               | 
               | This is why credibility matters. If that site was Nature
               | and I looked at one study and there was something wrong
               | with it I might be inclined to look at a few more
               | randomly. But given that people have a finite amount of
               | time, when you present something it better be accurate.
               | And when it is accurate, you'll gain credibility. But if
               | the first thing I look at is misleading -- I don't have a
               | lot of patience to wade through data ... especially when
               | other sources also say that you're representations are
               | biased.
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | If you don't like ivmmeta.com, have a look at this
               | published meta analysis of ivermectin for covid. It
               | reaches the same conclusions. And yes, there is also a
               | cochrane meta analysis that cuts out all by 9 DBRCTs
               | (ha!), still is positive, but not stat-sig.
               | 
               | https://journals.lww.com/americantherapeutics/fulltext/20
               | 21/...
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | The reason why many of the studies are poorly written and
               | have methodological limitations is that many are done by
               | clinicians in 2nd world countries. Not one large DBRCT
               | from the west has reported on IVM for Covid yet. Let that
               | sink in.
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | Way to go mods with the censorship, hiding these
               | comments. History will not be on your side.
        
               | the_why_of_y wrote:
               | Here somebody took the time to look at 30 of these
               | studies. It is an interesting read.
               | 
               | https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ivermectin-much-
               | more-t...
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | That's a well-written hit piece by Scott Alexander. This
               | isn't big tobacco of old who transparently lie. This
               | article gives short biased summaries of all papers, and
               | leaves out all the good results of many papers. Even well
               | run studies, like Chaccour, that shown stat sign
               | reduction in cough and ansomnia in only N=24, he spins as
               | a negative result. And the Italian study that just barely
               | misses stat sig reduction in viral load - well he doesn't
               | tell you that, does he?
               | 
               | Scott also believes the benefit from IVM is because of
               | worm reduction. The Ijatai study with >120k subjects is
               | an area of Brazil with no worms, proving that is
               | transparent nonsense.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Those aren't examples of the media gaslighting people.
               | Those are about the CDC and FDA saying they aren't
               | effective (or not proven effective). You're conflating
               | the media with scientific advisory boards -- and notably
               | those under Trump's own watch at the time.
               | 
               | Media gas lighting would be if the CDC/FDA/etc said that
               | Ivermectin was effective and the media saying it wasn't
               | or not reporting on it.
        
               | steveylang wrote:
               | The media gaslighting part is continuing to call
               | ivermectin a horse medicine to disparage it, when it is
               | also approved as anti-parasite medication for humans (if
               | not for COVID.)
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | People were ordering from livestock suppliers in
               | preparations designed to treat horse conditions, to the
               | extent stockists started running out and started
               | demanding people provide evidence they actually owned a
               | horse to buy it. I mean, dog food is just meat from the
               | same animals humans eat, but it's still a news story if
               | people decide they'd rather eat Pedigree Chum than take
               | nutrition advice from doctors.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | > In general when Trump said the right thing it seems
               | like the media didn't go too far overboard.
               | 
               | I'd say those aren't the problem so much as the
               | borderline cases where there are true and untrue
               | interpretations of a certain statement, but of course
               | they ran with the most uncharitable possible
               | interpretation because they're convinced Trump is a
               | ruthless dictator in the making.
        
               | nonameiguess wrote:
               | This is kind of arguing in circles, though. A big part of
               | the reason media is so hard on Trump is that he is
               | classless and they were embarrassed he was their
               | president. It's not like his public image was any better
               | in 1990 well before he ever openly declared political
               | ambitions and decided he was a Republican. He'd been a
               | sideshow clown for decades. Arguably, the ridiculous
               | level of polarization we already had is the only reason
               | he got to where he is. Even most Republicans were
               | embarrassed of him until he won the nomination and they
               | rallied to the only option left that wasn't a Democrat.
               | But thanks to having way too many candidates in the
               | primary, he didn't need the support of "most"
               | Republicans. He just needed more than Ted Cruz and Jeb
               | Bush.
        
             | anshorei wrote:
             | As someone who considers themselves an outside onlooker, I
             | disagree. Trump allowed all of the tribal people to out
             | themselves. It's made it a lot easier to find people who
             | stick to their principles and praised/criticized him where
             | appropriate.
        
             | kerneloftruth wrote:
             | One of the worst things about Donald Trump was that if he
             | or anyone adjacent to him actually said anything good, it
             | immediately became toxic.
             | 
             | That wasn't the worst thing about trump.... it's the worst
             | thing about the media coverage of him. You're blaming him
             | for how media covered him.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
               | Why not both? Trump behaved in a provocative way for a
               | reason - it's not like he was a poor misunderstood thing
               | and the media picked up on him for no reason.
        
               | themaninthedark wrote:
               | Preface by saying the I don't agree with Trump on a lot
               | of things.
               | 
               | Lets look at this from a parenting perspective. If i have
               | a child who misbehaves often, is it appropriate for me to
               | punish them when they do something good?
               | 
               | Holding the media to the same accountability, if Trump is
               | saying stupid/outrageous/provocative things, then lambast
               | him when he says those things. But if the media lambasts
               | him when he is saying something reasonable, then that is
               | on the media.
               | 
               | I think most of the annoyance I see in the thread is
               | because there was blame being assigned to Trump or even
               | someone on the same stage as him because they were on
               | that stage with him.
               | 
               | >One of the worst things about Donald Trump was that if
               | he or anyone adjacent to him actually said anything good,
               | it immediately became toxic.
               | 
               | So rather than examining an idea based on the merits,
               | ideas were discarded due to the messenger or the who the
               | messenger associated with.
        
               | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
               | Yes, I fully agree: criticizing Trump when when he was
               | saying/doing something that makes sense just because it's
               | Trump was very stupid.
        
               | kingsloi wrote:
               | What about things said by them directly, their Twitter,
               | etc?
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | Modified for context, the german adage holds. If you have
               | Trump and 3 people talking at a table, you have 4
               | Trumpers talking at a table.
        
             | mynameishere wrote:
             | You just described one of the many problems with the media
             | and then blamed it on Donald Trump. Why couldn't you have
             | said "One of the problems with the media is..."
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | I don't recall that happening. Can you give examples? That
             | sounds like Trump's behavior, not others.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | Calling Covid a "novel" virus was a mistake. Technically it's
           | true but that didn't mean we needed to toss out everything we
           | learned about viruses and start from first principles. Even
           | from way back in March of 2020 even the most basic things we
           | knew about viruses felt controversial. People were seriously
           | thinking you could catch and transmit covid after like 3
           | months or something--like you'd just constantly get re-
           | infected over and over again. And people flipping out about
           | outdoor transmission... like when has catching a virus
           | outside ever been a real thing? Everything we knew about the
           | subject had to be re-proven.
           | 
           | It was and still is completely crazy.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | 'novel' is a perfectly cromulent term for covid-19. what's
             | not cromulent is the unreasonable and extraneous reaction
             | to a 'new' cold virus. every new virus will have outsized
             | effect until we settle into steady-state (which depends on
             | the dynamics of the virus).
             | 
             | what leadership needed to do was identify the _dynamic_
             | threat--mainly to the elderly  & immune deficient--and
             | mitigate for them, not run around screaming like
             | discombobulated chickens promoting throw-everything-
             | against-the-wall safetyism. we could have had highly
             | targeted mitigations and minimal disruption to our lives;
             | instead, we got incessant debates over useless masking,
             | lockdowns, and vaccine mandates.
             | 
             | even including the elderly and immune deficient, over 99%
             | of people get covid and recover just fine. this isn't the
             | black plague by any stretch of the imagination.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > every new virus will have outsized effect until we
               | settle into steady-state
               | 
               | No, this one killed more people than anything in US
               | history, more than wars, prior pan-/epidemics, etc. In my
               | lifetime, no 'new virus' has had any sort of similar
               | effect at all, by orders of magnitude.
        
               | clairity wrote:
               | the flu kills ~36K/year, so if you're ~22+ year old
               | american, then the influenza virus has killed more people
               | in your lifetime than covid.
               | 
               | we don't know yet what steady-state looks like, but note
               | that medical/epidemiological organizations don't
               | generally keep death statistics on colds (caused by
               | rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, etc.) because they're not a
               | significant number. colds can be a contributing factor in
               | death for folks with deficient immune systems, just as it
               | is with covid, but is generally not the sole cause.
               | 
               | again, >99% survive covid just fine. for people with
               | multiple co-morbidities, it's much more serious (whole
               | percentage death rates), but that's because they're
               | teetering on the brink already, and covid (or any number
               | of respiratory diseases, really) can push them over the
               | edge. our mitigations should focus on the aged and
               | unhealthy, not everyone (especially not children).
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | We didn't have to toss out everything we learned about
             | viruses and start from first principles, but certainly
             | people's irritation with COVID restrictions seems to have
             | provoked people to ignore decades of research to the
             | contrary to make bizarre assertions like you can't catch
             | viruses outside or get reinfected (ironically the early
             | scientific and mainstream speculation about if COVID would
             | be different was mostly taking the optimistic tack that
             | COVID might be _less_ likely to cause reinfection than
             | respiratory viruses endemic in the human population like
             | flu...)
             | 
             | Same goes for the T-cell immunity really: it was pretty
             | much a given that the body's normal immune processes still
             | applied to coronavirus, but what was _novel_ was the
             | unscientific community insisting that they couldn 't
             | possibly be reinfected and a course of vaccines couldn't
             | possibly give them any benefit to their immune system after
             | they'd been infected (someone should tell all the old
             | people who get flu shots every year!)
        
               | Thiez wrote:
               | > someone should tell all the old people who get flu
               | shots every year
               | 
               | What we call the flu is not a single virus that comes
               | once a year. It's different types of virusses each time,
               | and the flu vaccine targets the most likely candidates of
               | that year. So no, you don't generally get REinfected with
               | the flu, because it's a different virus. Some of the
               | virusses that we consider 'the flu' are actually corona
               | virusses, and perhaps covid19 will join that list as it
               | becomes endemic.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | What we call the flu also includes a wide variety of
               | viral illnesses better known as the common cold, which
               | includes some coronaviruses - the flu shots offer no
               | protection against most of these different viruses
               | 
               | What medical practitioners call the flu is a small subset
               | of influenza viruses common in humans, each with a high
               | potential for reinfection, including reinfections within
               | a year (as well as constantly evolving variant strains,
               | just like COVID)
        
             | rhino369 wrote:
             | Some of the problems with our response is actually based on
             | the opposite issue, our first response impulses were to
             | treat it like a novel flu strain. So we re-ran the H1N1
             | playbook. The flu was believed to be mostly spread by
             | droplets/surface contact and not airborne, so they assumed
             | covid was too.
             | 
             | The issues you are describing is more the problem that
             | health officials shift the burden of proof depending which
             | assumptions or policies they want to make. Any facts that
             | counter their policies have to be proven by significant
             | evidence. And they often wouldn't look too hard. A fact
             | that supports their conclusion can be assumed until proven
             | otherwise.
        
             | beebmam wrote:
             | Many people got Delta and then Omicron even 1 month later.
             | Kai Ryssdal from NPR for example, and one of my friends did
             | too.
             | 
             | So this isn't crazy; it literally happens to many
             | respiratory viruses. Viruses mutate
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Yup. But like you said many respiratory viruses do that.
               | Does that make the flu virus many of us catch every year
               | novel? How about the common cold? Is each specific virus
               | also novel?
               | 
               | Why did we decide to throw out everything we knew about
               | viruses for SARS-CoV-2? It's like society discovered "OMG
               | I could catch a virus and die!". Not realizing that
               | virtually nothing was new about SARS-CoV-2. It's just a
               | respiratory virus like any other we've had passed through
               | millions of generations of living beings. Oddly enough
               | the "broader human species" managed to survive and thrive
               | through all of them.
        
               | enchiridion wrote:
               | I always wondered how people claim that. Did they have
               | two pcr tests or something else telling them what variant
               | they had?
        
               | rsynnott wrote:
               | Most PCR tests will discriminate between (B.1) Omicron
               | and things which are not B.1 Omicron, so it's feasible to
               | know this. I mean, strictly speaking all you'd know is
               | that you had B.1 Omicron plus something else, but if you
               | had the non-B.1 Omicron one in October, then in most
               | parts of the world you'd be pretty safe in assuming that
               | was Delta.
        
               | ddek wrote:
               | I had delta in late October and omicron in early
               | December. I was PCR positive for delta, although I had a
               | mild case. I wasn't allowed to take a PCR test for the
               | December infection, because it was too soon after my
               | delta test and my symptoms were very mild. I did test
               | positive multiple times on LFT, my symptoms matched the
               | 'ultramild' omicron (scratchy throat, slight cough, lower
               | back pain). The day I tested positive for omicron was 4
               | days after my friends had gathered in a pub, of the 30 of
               | us in attendance 27 tested positive on the same day. The
               | group chat was wild. Some of those that got PCR's were
               | informed they had omicron.
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | _Calling Covid a "novel" virus was a mistake_
             | 
             | It was called a novel virus to indicate that no person
             | already had (acquired) immunity against it. What inference
             | you make from the word "novel" is on you, not on the rest
             | of the world.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > Calling Covid a "novel" virus was a mistake.
             | 
             | I don't remember anyone ever doing that. I remember them
             | calling it a _novel coronavirus_ , because it is a new
             | coronavirus, at least to us.
        
         | neuronic wrote:
         | I don't get this take but that's because I am not from the US I
         | suppose. Here, politicians and virologists have publically
         | explained immunity in multiple layers.
         | 
         | Antibodies as first line of defense to intercept viruses and
         | keep them from initially docking to cells. Then, at the bottom,
         | there is long-term T-cell immunity which is essential in
         | preventing severe disease. The vaccines train the immune system
         | to recognize and respond quicker to the virus so that it cannot
         | dock to cells and replicate as fast as it could if the immune
         | system had never seen it before. The immune system does not
         | need to catch up first so it gets a running start instead of a
         | cold start if not vaccinated.
        
       | themaninthedark wrote:
       | So kind of on topic...
       | 
       | I have two boys, one under 5, the other under 10. I am trying to
       | get good data to determine if vaccination is risky or not.
       | 
       | Recently a relative sent me a story about MIS-C, which seems to
       | be new. But trying to get good data on other things like
       | myocarditis risk/rates is like sorting for a needle in a
       | scrapyard.
       | 
       | Does anyone have any good data, preferably raw statistics on
       | this?
       | 
       | Thank you in advance!
        
         | naasking wrote:
         | Myocarditis risk stratified by gender, age group, vaccine and
         | infection:
         | 
         | https://vinayprasadmdmph.substack.com/p/uk-now-reports-myoca...
         | 
         | Males under 40 roughly have the highest risk from multiple
         | Moderna doses, followed by infection, followed by two Astra
         | doses, followed by two Pfizer doses. I expect two COVID
         | infections would increase the risk like it seems to do with the
         | vaccines.
        
           | eitland wrote:
           | This is very interesting to me if true, both because
           | 
           | - I thought the risk from getting an infection would be much
           | higher than any vaccine combination (but here multiple
           | Moderna doses seems to increase the risk even more)
           | 
           | - again, if this is true it still validates the rest of my
           | reasoning: except for multiple doses of Moderna any other
           | combination of mainstream vaccines seems to be safer than
           | actually getting the infection
           | 
           | (I note that there is a lot of uncertainty which is why I use
           | "seems to be" instead of "is".)
        
             | chris_va wrote:
             | The "risk from getting an infection" includes many other
             | side effects besides myocarditis, I would not evaluate the
             | risks from an unvaccinated viral infection (which can cause
             | 100 other things besides myocarditis) vs the risk from
             | vaccination (or vaccination + viral infection, which the
             | most likely long term outcome) on the myocarditis axis
             | alone.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Yes that's fair, but the risk profile from the vaccine is
               | also not just relegated to myocarditis, that's just
               | what's been getting attention. It will probably be years
               | before we have an accurate risk assessment of both
               | infection and vaccines. Given the availability of
               | vaccines, it still makes sense to be choosier if you're
               | in a potentially vulnerable population, which is what the
               | paper suggests.
        
             | synquid wrote:
             | Myocarditis isn't that dangerous, it's acute and can be
             | managed. Infection is much more risky.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | > I expect two COVID infections would increase the risk like
           | it seems to do with the vaccines.
           | 
           | Then the relevant metric should be _infection_ vs
           | _vaccine+infection_ , given that natural immunity is better
           | than vaccine-conferred immunity (which seems very bad with
           | Omicron)
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | Ask your pediatrician. If you don't trust that they know
         | better, get a new pediatrician. I'm not being glib, this person
         | has made it through a grueling education of their undergrad,
         | med school, and residency. They are well acquainted with hard
         | sciences and research. If you don't trust them on their area of
         | expertise, then that is the problem.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, every doctor I know has gotten their own children
         | vaccinated as soon as it was available (or enrolled them in
         | clinical trials, to get it earlier).
        
         | jpeloquin wrote:
         | > I am trying to get good data to determine if vaccination is
         | risky or not.
         | 
         | Rather than giving you a list of work that you may suspect of
         | being curated, I will show you how to quickly find what you're
         | looking for.
         | 
         | One of the great things about the National Library of Medicine
         | is that a human looks at each and every paper and assigns
         | standardized semantic tags to it. These are called "MeSH terms"
         | and you can filter the entire library by them.
         | 
         | You mentioned interest in myocarditis, and the following would
         | be an appropriate search query in pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov for
         | this topic:
         | 
         | myocarditis[mh] AND vaccines[majr] AND COVID
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=myocarditis%5Bmh%5D+AN...
         | 
         | The "mh" selects articles that were tagged with that MeSH term.
         | The "majr" selects articles that were tagged with that MeSH
         | term and were mainly about that term. In this case, the
         | structured query drills down from thousands of potential
         | results to 61 results, which is manageable to triage manually.
         | 
         | Edit: Here's how you can figure out wish MeSH terms exist:
         | https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > In this case, the structured query drills down from
           | thousands of potential results to 61 results, which is
           | manageable to triage manually.
           | 
           | If, of course, you have the domain knowledge required to do
           | so.
        
             | edmundsauto wrote:
             | You would probably need some basic domain knowledge to
             | interpret medical publications in peer reviewed journals.
             | I'm not saying they are the same expertise, just that
             | "requiring expertise" as a prerequisite is pretty
             | reasonable.
        
         | logic_beats_pro wrote:
         | Really tough to tell because there's a lack of data. Parents
         | aren't vaccinating their young children because they have the
         | strongest immune systems and it's unnecessary.
         | 
         | Here are CDC submitted reports of myo/pericarditis seen so far
         | broken out by age:
         | 
         | https://openvaers.com/covid-data/myo-pericarditis
         | 
         | So take from that what you will. And if this is your first time
         | encountering VAERS, the reports actually submitted are
         | estimated to be between 1 and 10% of total adverse effects
         | experienced.
         | 
         | If you're into reading studies, here are some that are largely
         | unknown:
         | 
         | https://www.rwmalonemd.com/heart-blood-clotting
         | 
         | Good luck!
        
           | veilrap wrote:
           | This is somewhat misleading information.
           | 
           | VAERS is an open database, it can be easily submitted to by
           | anyone, it's not a good source of truth and may contain
           | statistical bias.
           | 
           | Parent's ARE vaccinating their children, millions of kids age
           | 5-11 have had the vaccine:
           | https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-
           | trac... Depending on the state, the total % vaccinated in
           | that age group varies between ~20-50%.
        
             | TrevorJ wrote:
             | >VAERS is an open database, it can be easily submitted to
             | by anyone, it's not a good source of truth and may contain
             | statistical bias.
             | 
             | This is 100% true, but it leaves out some context.
             | 
             | Prior to covid, it was thought that vaccine side effects
             | were statistically underreported by a significant amount in
             | VAERS. For the signal we are seeing in VAERS to be totally
             | spurious seems highly unlikely, given this fact. It's also
             | worth noting that effects which have a significant time-
             | delay are unlikely to be captured.
             | 
             | All this is to say: yes the data are noisy, but we'd need
             | to erase/explain away the numbers by at least an order of
             | magnitude to erase the spike we are seeing, and that seems
             | like a tall order.
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232983/
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > All this is to say: yes the data are noisy, but we'd
               | need to erase/explain away the numbers by at least an
               | order of magnitude to erase the spike we are seeing, and
               | that seems like a tall order.
               | 
               | That's fairly easy:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_illusion
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Other vaccines e.g. the common "childhood" ones are
               | uncontroverisal and given on a rather steady basis as
               | people reach the appropriate ages. The COVID vaccines
               | were pushed to _everybody_ in a time window of months,
               | and with a huge amount of controversy and media
               | attention. Given that, I would expect a spike not only in
               | the raw number of adverse reactions, but also a higher
               | proportion of them actually being reported.
        
             | logic_beats_pro wrote:
             | Interesting comment. It's so funny, whenever anyone posts a
             | VAERS link (literally the only visibility the US public has
             | into adverse events) people come out of the woodwork to
             | mention that anyone can submit a report. Other than VAERS,
             | we have public health authorities which routinely lie to
             | the public simply to get vaccines in arms, regardless of
             | the truth or consequences. Too many examples to list here
             | but Fauci continuously upping the percentage of people that
             | would need to get vaccinated to achieve herd immunity comes
             | to mind. I guess he left out the part that herd immunity
             | isn't even possible with the vaccines.
             | 
             | We're relying on proven liars to get our health
             | information? These are our CHILDREN for God's sake.
             | 
             | I'll go ahead and list the whoppers from the mayo clinic
             | site:
             | 
             | - A COVID-19 vaccine can prevent kids from getting and
             | spreading the COVID-19 virus.
             | 
             | The vaccines in no way, shape or form prevent someone from
             | getting or spreading COVID-19
             | 
             | - COVID-19 vaccines have not been linked to infertility or
             | miscarriage.
             | 
             | Miscarriage data: https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/foia-
             | docs-reveal-pfizer-sh...
             | 
             | - These vaccines were approved quickly because the red tape
             | was cut -- not corners.
             | 
             | Please see the story of Pfizer whistle-blower Brook Jackson
             | 
             | - In the U.S., the delta (B.1.617.2) variant is now the
             | most common COVID-19 variant.
             | 
             | Omicron is over 95% of cases. Why would they conceal that?
             | Ahh, because the FAQ question was "Do COVID-19 vaccines
             | protect against the variants?" You'd have to admit the
             | vaccines do next to nothing versus Omicron unless you have
             | had a booster in the last 10 weeks.
        
         | rossnordby wrote:
         | I'm not aware of any great data on myopericarditis for very
         | young people, and not as many have been vaccinated, so I
         | extrapolate from older age groups:
         | 
         |  _Of 3 482 295 individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-
         | BioNTech), 48 developed myocarditis or myopericarditis within
         | 28 days from the vaccination date compared with unvaccinated
         | individuals (adjusted hazard ratio 1.34 (95% confidence
         | interval 0.90 to 2.00); absolute rate 1.4 per 100 000
         | vaccinated individuals within 28 days of vaccination (95%
         | confidence interval 1.0 to 1.8))._
         | -https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj-2021-068665
         | 
         |  _Among more than 2.5 million vaccinated HCO members who were
         | 16 years of age or older, 54 cases met the criteria for
         | myocarditis. The estimated incidence per 100,000 persons who
         | had received at least one dose of vaccine was 2.13 cases (95%
         | confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 2.70). The highest incidence
         | of myocarditis (10.69 cases per 100,000 persons; 95% CI, 6.93
         | to 14.46) was reported in male patients between the ages of 16
         | and 29 years. A total of 76% of cases of myocarditis were
         | described as mild and 22% as intermediate; 1 case was
         | associated with cardiogenic shock. After a median follow-up of
         | 83 days after the onset of myocarditis, 1 patient had been
         | readmitted to the hospital, and 1 had died of an unknown cause
         | after discharge._
         | -https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2110737
         | 
         | So vaccine-related myopericarditis looks rare and mild.
         | Effectively, and possibly literally, no one dies as a result. I
         | actually ended up with a probable case after my second dose,
         | but it was extremely mild (no functional impairment, just
         | periodic discomfort for some months). I suspect most cases are
         | something similar- not fun, but not spooky. I'm not a doctor
         | nor do I have any relevant specialty, but I'm reasonably sure
         | that reducing incidence of MIS-C or other rare severe outcomes
         | of covid is a net win in younger people.
        
           | andai wrote:
           | I saw a comment here recently with data that showed the rates
           | for myocarditis for both covid and vaccinations respectively,
           | I recall the chance of developing myocarditis after
           | vaccination being 4x lower than after getting covid.
           | 
           | Assuming that's right (perhaps someone more knowledgeable can
           | provide a source), this seems to imply that vaccination
           | _reduces_ the risk of developing myocarditis by 4x, assuming
           | everyone will eventually be infected.
           | 
           | I'm also curious what effect age has on the risk in both
           | cases, ie. if the same ratio holds for young people.
        
             | rossnordby wrote:
             | I believe that is correct. I don't have a great source
             | handy, but here's a preprint which agrees:
             | 
             |  _Conclusions: Myocarditis (or pericarditis or
             | myopericarditis) from primary COVID19 infection occurred at
             | a rate as high as 450 per million in young males. Young
             | males infected with the virus are up 6 times more likely to
             | develop myocarditis as those who have received the
             | vaccine._
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34341797/
             | 
             | Not sure about ratio age dependency. My prior would be that
             | it is similar, since I don't have any reason to suspect
             | otherwise. Still not a doctor or biologist though :P
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | I was going to wait until all of the first world health
         | bureaucracies cleared it. But now my kids had covid (before
         | they were approved even in the US) and it wasn't a big deal. So
         | I'm not going to get them shots until the natural immunity is
         | proven to fade, which may be never.
        
         | salemh wrote:
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | The little risk you take by getting the vaccine is more than
         | offset by the far lower risk of getting the disease, which has
         | all kinds of implications.
         | 
         | Since it was approved for children by the FDA I assume they did
         | rigourous testing
        
           | umvi wrote:
           | > Since it was approved for children by the FDA I assume they
           | did rigorous testing
           | 
           | I wouldn't make this assumption, especially in light of the
           | the conditions under which it was approved (extreme political
           | pressure, rushed/bleeding edge data, etc.) It's probably
           | fine, but my kids aren't going to be first in line because
           | they are in the control group (https://xkcd.com/2576/).
        
           | mizzack wrote:
           | > Since it was approved for children by the FDA I assume they
           | did rigourous testing
           | 
           | Reminder that the two most senior FDA vaccine oversight
           | officials resigned in protest before the age 5-11 EUA was
           | approved.
           | 
           | Reminder that the previous FDA commissioner currently sits on
           | Pfizer's board.
           | 
           | Reminder that regulatory capture of the FCC, SEC, and other
           | govt. agencies is popularly accepted as fact, but somehow the
           | FDA is immune to that criticism.
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | OK, now do that for the 50 or so other national health
             | agencies that have independently approved these vaccines.
             | Or did you forget that these vaccines have been reviewed
             | and approved by thousands of qualified staff all over the
             | world?
        
               | mizzack wrote:
               | Every western country except the UK (who were criticized)
               | approved it after the US. Many of those deferred to the
               | FDA's judgment and rubber stamped as a formality.
               | 
               | > "I am pleased that Pfizer's vaccine has undergone a
               | critical phase with FDA approval," said Health Minister
               | Yuli Edelstein on Friday, just after the FDA's Vaccines
               | and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee voted
               | in support of the agency granting Emergency Use
               | Authorization (EUA), which paved the way for the
               | vaccine's approval. "This is a huge message for Israeli
               | citizens as well." He said that he instructed his
               | ministry's staff to review the approval and submit their
               | recommendations in the coming days so that vaccinations
               | could start before the end of the month.
               | 
               | This was all fast-tracked with countries wanting to get
               | in line for doses, remember?
               | 
               | Thinking-in-reverse, if the FDA flagged/rejected the
               | approval, how many western countries do you think would
               | have approved it within the same timeframe?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | collias wrote:
               | Reminder that many European countries do not suggest the
               | vaccine for children, and some have even banned it in the
               | case of Moderna.
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | The EU has approved Pfizer for children 5 and over.
               | Moderna is still being reviewed for younger children.
               | Exact guidelines may vary by country.
               | 
               | Overall, Pfizer has been approved in 137 countries and
               | Modern in 85.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | phillc73 wrote:
               | One EU country where the guidelines vary is Sweden, who
               | are specifically not recommending COVID vaccines for 5-12
               | year old children.[1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/sweden-decides-
               | against-...
        
           | kikokikokiko wrote:
           | Children with no commorbidities have NO reason to get exposed
           | to the risk of taking the vacine. Yes, it's a small risk, but
           | ANY vaccine must be a cost benefit weighted decision. Rabies
           | is a 100% lethal disease, but that is not a valid reason for
           | everyone to get vaccinated for it, the risks of vaccinating
           | everyone in this case outweigh the risk that a randomly
           | selected person would eventually die from rabies. This whole
           | discussion is so stupid, from the beggining everyone could
           | see the stats and see who was at real risk or not from this
           | disease.
        
             | phlipski wrote:
             | Rabies doesn't spread like covid...
        
               | EricE wrote:
               | COVID isn't deadly like rabies either. Indeed COVID is
               | turning out to be less deadly than the flu for the vast
               | majority of people, especially the more recent variants.
               | While being far more virulent they are also far less
               | likely to make one seriously ill, let alone kill.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Over 800,000 people have died in the US alone, more than
               | any other event in US history.
        
               | Nemrod67 wrote:
               | 2M people die every year in the USA, is that more than
               | any other event in History?
               | 
               | such lunacy
        
               | robflynn wrote:
               | They clearly mean from one specific event. What one event
               | in the USA has lead to 2 million deaths? You're combining
               | all deaths and treating it as if it were the same thing.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | >You're combining all deaths and treating it as if it
               | were the same thing.
               | 
               | Couldn't that be applied to deaths from other diseases?
               | Why wouldn't all influenza deaths be considered one event
               | by this standard?
        
               | robflynn wrote:
               | No? Are we in an influenza pandemic or epidemic right
               | now? Again, we're talking about events here.
               | 
               | There have been six of them in the last 140 years with
               | respect to influenza. The Spanish Flu pandemic killed
               | 675k (in the USA, like 50 mil worldwide or something wild
               | like that.)
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Any other event in _US_ history.
               | 
               | If you're so sure, name one.
               | 
               | Civil war was less than a million, by the way.
        
               | hnuser847 wrote:
               | It wasn't. Heart disease and cancer kill far more people
               | on an annual basis and nobody bats an eye. According to
               | the CDC, these were the top 10 causes of death in
               | 2020[1]:
               | 
               | * Heart disease: 696,962
               | 
               | * Cancer: 602,350
               | 
               | * COVID-19: 350,831
               | 
               | * Accidents (unintentional injuries): 200,955
               | 
               | * Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 160,264
               | 
               | * Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 152,657
               | 
               | * Alzheimer's disease: 134,242
               | 
               | * Diabetes: 102,188
               | 
               | * Influenza and Pneumonia: 53,544
               | 
               | * Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 52,547
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm
        
               | kingsloi wrote:
               | all are lower than 800,000
        
               | hnuser847 wrote:
               | The 800,000 figure spans two years. The above figures are
               | for one year (2020).
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | > Heart disease and cancer kill far more people on an
               | annual basis and nobody bats an eye
               | 
               | I mean there are massive institutes, companies, and
               | laboratories engaged in research on both these topics,
               | tons of fund-raising, campaigns to improve diet and
               | exercise, shockingly expensive treatments and so on.
               | Other than all of that, yes, nobody bats an eye.
        
             | Sparkle-san wrote:
             | Children are still susceptible to long-term complications
             | from getting covid. Like you said, it's a cost benefit
             | decision, but there's real risks associated with children
             | getting covid that seem to be going unacknowledged given
             | that, unlike rabies, millions are going to be infected with
             | covid.
        
               | EricE wrote:
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > Tell this mom that the infinitesimal chance that her
               | child would have from COID side affects was worth it for
               | the problems she is now facing
               | 
               | That's an _awful_ way to analyze risk.
               | 
               | If you have a one in a million risk of something, and you
               | trade it for a different but nearly-identical one in a
               | million risk for the same thing, and then get the bad
               | outcome, you did not make the wrong choice. Let alone if
               | you traded for a lower risk.
               | 
               | Every step you take, you trade out trillions of potential
               | futures. You are always, always creating new risks and
               | destroying old risks. A decision like getting vaccinated
               | is easy to point at and say "oh I shouldn't have done it"
               | but you could just as realistically say "if I hadn't
               | eaten tuna seven weeks ago these problems wouldn't have
               | happened".
               | 
               | You do _not_ get to compare the outcome of a specific
               | case, only knowable in hindsight, with the
               | "infinitesimal risk" of the alternative.
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | The point is that people need to stop presuming that
               | these vaccines are without risks of their own. This is
               | proven false and the true risk is still uncertain.
               | Officials are only recently acknowledging for example
               | that vaccines can influence monthly cycles - that was
               | just a cooky conspiracy a few months ago.
               | 
               | Data collection regarding adverse events was laughably
               | inadequate based on testimony over Pfizer's clinical
               | trial protocol, and their data is still not available for
               | review by anyone other than the FDA, which is known to
               | suffer from regulatory capture. Rosy claims about the
               | vaccines have been repeatedly walked back...the safety of
               | these vaccines is likely overstated.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > The point is that people need to stop presuming that
               | these vaccines are without risks of their own.
               | 
               | That's _a_ good point, but it 's not the point being made
               | when someone links to a side effect report and implies it
               | was wrong to get vaccinated, as if vaccines need to meet
               | an impossible 0-side-effect standard.
        
               | kingsloi wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Defense
        
               | Sparkle-san wrote:
               | Yes, that's one end of the cost benefit analysis and on
               | the other end the 6,400 cases of MIS-C in children who
               | got covid in the US.
               | 
               | https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#mis-national-
               | surve...
        
               | EricE wrote:
               | Also at this point EVERYONE is going to be infected by
               | COVID. It's a highly contagious respiratory virus that's
               | not only carried by humans, but animals too. This fantasy
               | that all we have to do is vaccinate everyone and we will
               | be alright really needs to die.
        
               | Sparkle-san wrote:
               | Vaccines are still shown to reduce risk of
               | hospitalization and death even with omicron. So, if
               | everyone is going to get it, wouldn't you rather be more
               | protected when you get it?
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | The risk of hospitalization for children is virtually
               | zero. The risk of hospitalization for healthy people
               | under 50 is miniscule.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | I hear people say that, but is there research backing it
               | up? I'm a bit dubious because inevitability is a common
               | fall-back position in public affairs, similar to climate
               | change deniers saying that climate change is inevitable
               | so we just have to learn to adjust. They still get what
               | they want, and try to create despair in their opponents.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | It's gone endemic, the inevitability is on par with the
               | common cold; you're almost certainly going to get exposed
               | to some variant of it.
               | 
               | Plus AIUI Omicron has demonstrated recombinant
               | replication, which means we're playing a flu-like cat and
               | mouse game with the vaccines. Nobody in their right mind
               | would argue we have any hope of effectively vaccinating
               | everyone against influenza.
        
           | benmmurphy wrote:
           | it's worth the OP trying to find data on how much risk covid
           | presents to their children and what the risks of the vaccine
           | are. the UK has this risk calculator for COVID in adults:
           | https://qcovid.org/ . I'm not sure if there is anything
           | similar for children. probably, the risk of the vaccine or
           | covid is so low for children it doesn't really matter what
           | you do.
        
         | sfteus wrote:
         | I can't find much besides models for < 16 unfortunately.
         | 
         | However, for 16-40, Patone, et al[1] estimates that myocarditis
         | incidence is around 2/mil for AstraZeneca, 1/mil for Pfizer per
         | does, and 6/mil for Moderna first dose, 10/mil for the second,
         | compared to 40/mil for an active infection.
         | 
         | Singer, el al[2] (pre-print) states that males < 20 are roughly
         | 6x less likely to develop myocarditis from vaccination compared
         | to an infection.
         | 
         | The AMA[3] also has some info on both myocarditis and MIS-C.
         | 95% of those who developed MIS-C were unvaccinated, and up to
         | 40% required some sort of respiratory or cardiovascular life
         | support (compare to 0% of those vaccinated). Also states ages
         | 12-15 appear less likely to develop myocarditis than the 16 -
         | ~40 range.
         | 
         | Everything I've read so far is that myocarditis from
         | vaccination usually resolves fairly quickly.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0.pdf
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.21260998v...
         | 
         | [3]: https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-
         | care/unv...
        
           | jamesblonde wrote:
           | Myocarditis is extremely serious and potentially life-long.
           | Please don't downplay it. I have a cardiomyopathy.
        
             | sfteus wrote:
             | I'm saying this as someone who lost a family member to a
             | combination of myocarditis and endocarditis resulting from
             | a flu infection: I'm not attempting to downplay it.
             | Myocarditis has the potential to be extremely serious,
             | especially for those with pre-existing heart problems.
             | 
             | However, _in my opinion_ with how infectious omicron is, it
             | is likely inevitable that everyone will eventually be
             | exposed. The literature (linked in my GP) currently seems
             | to indicate that vaccines have a lower risk of myocarditis
             | than an active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most literature that
             | I've seen (so far) indicates that occurrences of post-
             | vaccination myocarditis tends to be rare, and not life-
             | threatening, and the patients tend to recover quickly.[1]
             | 
             | -----
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA
             | .121.0...
        
               | jamesblonde wrote:
               | We read different literature:
               | 
               | https://vinayprasadmdmph.substack.com/p/uk-now-reports-
               | myoca...
               | 
               | based on this Nature paper
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0.pdf
               | 
               | "Yes, sorry to break it to you, vaccines can have risks
               | of myocarditis EXCEEDING risks of myocarditis from
               | infection. Pls stop saying otherwise."
        
           | ALittleLight wrote:
           | Do these papers differentiate infection with and without
           | vaccination? Meaning, if an unvaxxed person has X myocarditis
           | risk from the vaccine, and Y from infection, what is the
           | myocarditis risk of infection after vaccination?
        
             | sfteus wrote:
             | I haven't seen anything comparing the two yet, but I would
             | be interested in seeing that.
             | 
             | I'll note that in general, I have seen studies indicating
             | that the risk of both MIS-C (linked in GP) and long-
             | covid[1][2] are decreased when comparing
             | vaccinated/unvaccinated post active infection. I've also
             | seen reports that those unvaccinated who experience long-
             | covid sometimes see reduced / cleared symptoms after
             | subsequent vaccination.[3] We also know that antibody titer
             | levels seem to be correlated with a reduction in infection,
             | which is why when those begin to fall off we see more
             | breakthrough infections. And finally we know that building
             | long term T and B cells tends to see a quicker, more
             | effective immune response, both of which should be created
             | post-vaccination.
             | 
             | Given that, I would speculate that vaccination is likely to
             | reduce overall proliferation of cell infection (including
             | directly infecting cardiac tissue via the ACE2 receptors)
             | via having more free-floating antibodies in your system,
             | and is likely to reduce the overall immune-mediated
             | inflammatory response to the virus as it can respond more
             | quickly before the virus has had a chance to proliferate as
             | much. Both of these (reduced inflammation, reduced cell
             | infection) should reduce the risk of myocarditis as a
             | result of infection. And I would speculate that that tracks
             | with other observed reduction of symptoms of infection
             | (MIS-C, long-covid).
             | 
             | Again, speculation on my part; I would definitely want to
             | see studies to confirm or refute that.
             | 
             | -----
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS
             | 1473-3...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.222
             | 68800v...
             | 
             | [3]: https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/vaccines-long-covid
        
         | neuronic wrote:
         | Just one more point as food for thought:
         | 
         | One more thing to consider is that the virus is _also_ able to
         | cause myocarditis, especially if you don 't rest long enough
         | _even if feeling fine_. In fact, the virus can potentially
         | cause additional complications even with mild symptoms. There
         | are also things we don 't really understand yet with post-viral
         | syndromes which affects many people (disclaimer: Epstein-Barr /
         | Mono messed me up, personally).
         | 
         | This isn't unique to SARS-CoV-2 either, it's a more general
         | viral infection thing and can happen just as well with
         | influenza. With Omicron, it's also very likely that people will
         | get it sooner or later - vaccinated or not.
         | 
         | Granted, most myocarditis goes unnoticed and recovers very well
         | with a bit of rest.
        
         | thurn wrote:
         | The overwhelming conclusion I've drawn from this pandemic is
         | that it's ultimately about people's level of trust in their own
         | ability to analyze data vs trust in authority figures. There
         | have been so many examples of 'vaccines cause harm!' articles
         | that fundamentally misunderstand basic statistical concepts
         | like selection bias or simpson's paradox (see the covid-
         | datascience.com blog for lots more of these).
         | 
         | Is your prior on 'I will not make a significant analytic error'
         | higher than 'the FDA analyzed the available data correctly'?
        
           | rimliu wrote:
           | Look where big bosses from FDA ended up.
        
           | kenjackson wrote:
           | And your trust in the government. If your prior on the
           | government is that they aren't to be trusted then it doesn't
           | matter how good of a job the FDB did in analyzing the data --
           | you aren't going to believe what they release to the public.
           | 
           | I think this is the bigger issue. Most people I know who say,
           | "I'll do my own research" are the same people who asked me
           | what kind of computer to buy. And they know a lot more about
           | technology than medicine. But its they don't trust the
           | government.
        
           | steveylang wrote:
           | In reality, few people have the time or want to make the
           | effort to comb through and analyze original sources. So most
           | of us rely to varying extent on who we trust and consider to
           | have accurate opinions or assessments.
           | 
           | One huge problem with COVID has been the emergence of
           | essentially propaganda pieces masquerading as detailed,
           | rigorous analysis. These give people a false sense of
           | confidence- "Hey I've done my research!" when in reality you
           | can google for 20 minutes and come up with impressive looking
           | links for whatever view you are already predisposed to
           | believe.
           | 
           | I'm sure these existed before, but COVID has taken things to
           | another level.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | > few people have the time or want to make the effort to
             | comb through and analyze original sources
             | 
             | And they lack the expertise regardless, and they can't gain
             | the expertise without schooling and professional
             | experience. We are dependant on others, whether we like it
             | or not.
             | 
             | > the emergence of essentially propaganda pieces
             | masquerading as detailed, rigorous analysis
             | 
             | > I'm sure these existed before, but COVID has taken things
             | to another level.
             | 
             | I don't know that it's another level. The long, incredibly
             | detailed dives into one issue or another have been around
             | for decades.
             | 
             | This is essentially what I expected when the pandemic
             | started. We created a monster of misinformation and
             | disinformation, the 'post-truth' society; the consequences
             | are obviously and completely predictable.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | > , few people have the time or want to make the effort to
             | comb through and analyze original sources.
             | 
             | I mean, unless it's your profession, you're not. At best,
             | you're reading an article (with summarized data that you
             | hope was aggregated correctly) in a journal. To the best of
             | my knowledge, the raw datasets that those are based on are
             | rarely shared.
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Impressive looking indeed...
             | 
             | https://hcqmeta.com/
             | 
             | (I really wonder at the effort spent on this...)
        
             | bradlys wrote:
             | > I'm sure these existed before, but COVID has taken things
             | to another level.
             | 
             | Similar as to the other posted said - this type of fiction
             | writing has existed before COVID. It's just that _now_ you
             | 're all reading the same statistical fiction.
             | 
             | Essentially - one genre of statistical fiction got popular.
             | Whereas before everyone was reading different genres.
        
         | EricE wrote:
        
           | sfteus wrote:
           | Important to note that Children's Health Defense is a highly
           | suspect organization. Rated "conspiracy-pseudoscience"[1],
           | described as "one of the main sources of misinformation on
           | vaccines"[2], with numerous articles describing their fake
           | health posts on social media[3][4] and shady
           | leadership[5][6].
           | 
           | Not saying everything from that site should be discarded, but
           | should definitely be taken with a grain of salt.
           | 
           | -----
           | 
           | [1]: https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/childrens-health-defense/
           | 
           | [2]:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Defense
           | 
           | [3]: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/social-media-
           | hosted-lot...
           | 
           | [4]:
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/11/15/majority-
           | an...
           | 
           | [5]: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-
           | kenn...
           | 
           | [6]: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/covid-19-health-
           | pseudoscie...
        
         | angryasian wrote:
         | your kids will be fine either way, but they are far more likely
         | to catch and spread without being vaccinated.
        
       | wth4h wrote:
        
       | woeirua wrote:
       | There's a nice doctoral dissertation sitting out there for
       | someone to demonstrate that cross-reactive T-cells mostly explain
       | why some people get sick with Covid and others don't. Even better
       | if they can point to a specific virus (most likely spread among
       | children) that elicits that response.
        
       | wth4h wrote:
        
       | dopylitty wrote:
       | This is a really good article on the immune system.
       | 
       | One thing I can't help but notice though is that it only barely
       | skirts the fact that essentially no viral vaccine prevents
       | infection, with the possible exception of the HPV vaccine.
       | 
       | The vast majority of the vaccines we currently use allow
       | infection but give the body the ability to quickly respond to and
       | end the infection before it leads to severe disease (eg paralysis
       | in Polio or B-cell destruction in Measles). For slowly developing
       | viruses you may see no symptoms at all because the body is able
       | to clear the infection but for viruses like flu and Sars-CoV-2
       | that attack the respiratory system it's much more difficult to
       | prevent symptomatic disease.
       | 
       | Somehow there's this idea that the Sars-CoV-2 vaccines need to
       | prevent infection or symptomatic disease but that is an
       | incredibly high bar that no respiratory viral vaccine has ever
       | met.
       | 
       | The benefit of the vaccines is that they greatly reduce severe
       | disease, almost eliminate death, and shorten the amount of time
       | the virus has to reproduce so transmission and variant generation
       | are also reduced.
        
         | dbroockman wrote:
         | This is a rewriting of history. Before we ever had results from
         | the COVID vaccine trials, the FDA declared that the primary
         | goal of the trials was to prevent any symptomatic infection in
         | the first place. From June 2020:
         | https://www.fda.gov/media/139638/download.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | Sure, and Viagra was developed to treat hypertension. The
           | fact that efficacy data changes with the completion of new
           | studies or advent of new strains should be viewed as normal,
           | not as a surprise or some kind of bait and switch.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | I'm not sure linking to a document with phrases like "As it
           | is possible that a COVID-19 vaccine might be much more
           | effective in preventing severe versus mild COVID-19" _really_
           | proves that it 's "rewriting history" to suggest that
           | preventing all infections or symptomats of a respiratory
           | diseases is an very high bar to set, or that the medical
           | profession hasn't been cognizant of that from the start...
        
         | lamontcg wrote:
         | > This is a really good article on the immune system.
         | 
         | I still don't particularly like it that much.
         | 
         | None of this should be all that new.
         | 
         | There were plenty of knowledgeable people saying all along that
         | sterilizing nutralizing immunity in the mucosa was unlikely to
         | be achievable for a vaccine against a respiratory virus that
         | most commonly had no viremic phase, particularly as a shot
         | given in the arm.
         | 
         | They were also saying that T-cells were the important thing to
         | prevent disease and death and we shouldn't be focusing on
         | preventing infection.
         | 
         | Some other people who debated or disagreed with that
         | perspective are now suddenly learning novel new things about
         | the immune system. There's a good chunk of experts out there
         | that were saying this all along though (if you were listening
         | to them and not the headlines and blogs and twitter).
        
           | mrjangles wrote:
           | It was just common sense. Flu vaccines have never been much
           | more than 50% effective. The idea that you can just vaccinate
           | against such a hugely virulent virus like COVID, and expect
           | it to stop spreading with such ineffectual vaccines just made
           | no mathematical sense what so ever.
           | 
           | If people didn't understand that it is because they didn't
           | want to.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | > If people didn't understand that it is because they
             | didn't want to.
             | 
             | "Listen to the experts". The experts never said any of
             | that. Nor did the media. Critical thinking has been shunned
             | the last two years. I mean you can think critically but
             | lord help you if you say what you think online or in
             | person. It's the in person bullying that is the worst, by
             | the way.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | xupybd wrote:
           | It's new to me. Sometimes it's nice to have an article rehash
           | old knowledge and bring it into the current context. If for
           | nothing other than to educate the ignorant like me.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | But the way it is written sounds like nobody on Planet
             | Earth could have possibly predicted this and that the way
             | B-cells and T-cells work is completely novel discoveries in
             | 2022.
             | 
             | There were people saying this is roughly would happen in
             | mid-2020.
             | 
             | Tony Fauci was saying he'd be happy if the VE against
             | disease was only 50% in Fall 2020. He was trying to set
             | expectations to about where we are right now.
             | 
             | It gives the wrong impression to people who don't know
             | anything about it and it undermines the vaccine messaging
             | strategy. There's a stronger message that virologists and
             | epidemiologists who were specialists in this kind of thing
             | were grounded mostly in reality all along and THIS WAS THE
             | PLAN AND THE PLAN IS WORKING. By claiming that we're
             | radically learning new things it sounds like the whole
             | thing was a clusterfuck. Getting a vaccine with around 50%
             | efficacy against disease and 90% efficacy against
             | hospitalization was always the winning strategy. We were
             | just supposed to hit 80%-90% vaccination rates at least and
             | the low vaccination rates are meaning that the Omicron wave
             | was more of a burden on hospitals than it ever needed to
             | be.
             | 
             | What went wrong is that the vaccine trials were cut short.
             | People who complain about that usually try to argue we cut
             | short the "long term safety" outcome, which is nonsense
             | because vaccine side effects are autoimmune conditions that
             | either start turning up in a population 3 months after
             | dosing or they don't. What we actually cut short was the
             | _durability_ outcomes of the trials since that was the
             | thing that would have taken 2 years and we didn't have the
             | time. Turns out the headline 90% VE against infection
             | numbers weren't durable but the damage was done once they
             | made the initial headline splash and everyone entirely
             | forgot that Fauci was setting expectations down around 50%
             | beforehand. Then they felt they were lied to. Now they feel
             | like the vaccine program was a failure.
             | 
             | We're now back on track to the original plan, and its
             | viewed as being a failure because the phase III results
             | jacked the expectations up to the mRNA vaccines being
             | magicsauce that would instantly end the whole pandemic.
             | This article is still selling it like this is sort of Plan
             | B in response to information that we could never have
             | anticipated. Instead we're back on what was Plan A all
             | along after the hypecycle got blown away by waning immunity
             | and Delta and Omicron.
        
               | raphlinus wrote:
               | Really well said, thank you.
               | 
               | I think the lesson here is that one shouldn't listen
               | either to antivax grifters _or_ to greedy pharma execs
               | who oversell their products because of the enormous
               | incentive to do so, whether it be vaccines or Alzheimers
               | treatments. The best approach is to listen to what real
               | scientists who actually understand the subject say, but
               | that does take patience and a willingness to invest time.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > By claiming that we're radically learning new things it
               | sounds like the whole thing was a clusterfuck
               | 
               | Dr. Fauci and all the other anointed "experts" were
               | constantly saying "there is so much to still learn about
               | this virus". They still do when asked questions they
               | don't want to really answer.
               | 
               | They've been acting like COVID was some mysterious brand
               | new virus that required us to abandon every single thing
               | we knew about epidemiology. They are somewhat responsible
               | for this insanity.
        
           | jerry1979 wrote:
           | > we shouldn't be focusing on preventing infection.
           | 
           | I'm confused by what you mean. I have read headlines that say
           | mRNA vaccines reduce the risk of infection by 91%, but it
           | seems like you have more nuanced information from
           | knowledgeable people. So, who should I look to to get the
           | "real" information about what to expect from vaccines and
           | public health?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0607-mrna-
           | reduce-ri...
        
           | Vrondi wrote:
           | You are quite right, but the media, the government, and many
           | public health agencies have been ignoring this, focusing
           | solely on antibody levels, and trying to keep them constantly
           | high through ever more panicky calls for more and more
           | boosters. For everyone, regardless of prior infection.
        
             | YZF wrote:
             | Israel was one of the first place to boost (the first?) and
             | I think the rationale there was _not_ just about antibody
             | levels. There were multiple factors. The emergence of Delta
             | which to some extent bypassed the previous two vaccine
             | doses. The decline in protection against severe disease
             | over time (and specifically against delta). And yes, even
             | temporary control of the community spread (which is maybe
             | the more questionable aspect) to allow the country to
             | remain more or less open while keeping hospital load and
             | deaths under control.
             | 
             | In Israel I also believe there is different policy for
             | people that have been infected. This varies from place to
             | place. Determining whether someone was or wasn't previous
             | infected isn't that simple. You can do it if you have good
             | contract tracing, testing, and more centralized health
             | services like Israel does. Also many places didn't have a
             | large enough portion of the population get infected in the
             | first place so maybe not worth worrying too much about.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | This is for two reasons:
             | 
             | One, measuring antibodies is MUCH easier than measuring T
             | or B cell response. This is especially true early on in the
             | pandemic, if you want to measure representative numbers of
             | people, and you don't know when/whether they will be
             | exposed or catch COVID (due to masking/lockdowns etc).
             | 
             | Two, when your problem is that the hospitals are filling up
             | and you're facing a labor shortage for some essential
             | workers for a a few months... then boosting antibodies for
             | 4-6 months to reduce retransmission rates and minimizing
             | symptomatic cases makes a lot of sense.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That was never a valid reason. They were just making
               | things up without following evidence-based medicine
               | practices.
               | 
               | https://peterattiamd.com/covid-19-current-state-omicron/
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | I don't understand who your "they" is. In my opinion
               | there were valid reasons for both decisions on antibodies
               | and boosters. Since I know one of the people in your
               | linked podcast, I will not comment on it.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | No that's simply wrong. Antibodies are relatively
               | unimportant and levels decline quickly. What actually
               | matters far more is cellular immunity. Fortunately the
               | vaccines and recovery from infection have both been shown
               | to produce a significant level of durable cellular
               | immunity in the vast majority of patients.
               | 
               | Who do you personally know in the linked podcast? What
               | are your medical qualifications?
               | 
               | https://peterattiamd.com/covid-part2/
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Feel like that's a bit of a rude question to ask.
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | Not really, when you look at where things ended up
               | anyway, aside the issues with pumping up antibodies
               | continuously.
               | 
               | Another case of going for short term efficiency wins over
               | doing things properly, but not so easily.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | So it's another case of KPI overfitting? Goodhart's law?
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | A booster has a solid immunological basis.
               | 
               | The process of hypermutation and affinity maturation
               | takes months to finish. The initial immune response to a
               | pathogen is poor and takes ng/ml of antibodies to
               | neutralize the threat. The immune system essentially has
               | a "budget" for antibodies and the early antibodies are
               | poor and take up too much of that. Affinity maturation
               | produces higher affinity antibodies that are effective at
               | pg/ml but it takes months. But you can now "fit" many
               | more kinds of antibodies into the bloodstream.
               | 
               | Hitting the mature immune response with a booster
               | releases those high potency antibodies from germinal
               | centers.
               | 
               | This is why nearly every single vaccine we give kids
               | comes in a series of 2 or 3 shots spaced out over 6+
               | months.
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-
               | adolesc...
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
               | 
               | Very few of those are one-and-done shots.
               | 
               | The initial mRNA shots were way too close together and
               | were done that way out of expediency since the second
               | shot gave a lot better protection very quickly. It also
               | allowed the trials to complete faster and probably saved
               | 100,000s of lives. It was basically a "wartime" decision
               | to slam shots into arms way too fast.
               | 
               | The increased affinity against Omicron after a booster is
               | also something that shouldn't have been a surprise.
               | 
               | The utility of 4th shot boosters in non-elderly non-
               | immunocompromised and chasing after the idea of reducing
               | spread through infection is on a lot less firm footing.
               | Even the booster-obsessed Israelis are finding in studies
               | that it doesn't do much good. This coronavirus also is
               | currently mutating too rapidly and infection too many
               | people in each wave to be able to logistically update the
               | vaccines for new variants, so it doesn't look very useful
               | to be thinking of it analogously to the yearly influenza
               | shots.
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | I agree with most all of that, and that it was largely
               | unsurprising. When the mRNA shots were developed there
               | was a tradeoff to be made (and BNT/Mod chose slightly
               | different paths) on both amount of RNA and dosing
               | schedule to minimize side effects while rapidly providing
               | strong immunity (we're also lucky JJ and they all chose a
               | stabilized prefusion Spike unlike ChAdOx etc). Boosters
               | for T and B response in particular are common, but orders
               | of magnitude higher antibodies are quite likely to help
               | minimize Omicron effects (especially for first responders
               | who received early Pfizer doses) and do appear to cause
               | significant reductions in infection/symptomatic cases.[1]
               | I would not have slowed down the testing or EUA, although
               | manufacture was an issue early on. We didn't know when/if
               | a significantly immune evading variant would arrive, and
               | I feel fairly lucky with when Omicron arrived (after many
               | of the most susceptible could be vaccinated). If it had
               | arrived 8 months earlier, it would have been
               | catastrophic.
               | 
               | I also feel that the WHO choices have not been very good.
               | From down playing human transmission early in the
               | pandemic to demanding that there not be boosters in order
               | to speed up the multi-year process of vaccinating
               | 4billion people by 40million doses, when Omicron was
               | already spreading quickly. Honestly, prioritization in
               | the developing world is more important. They seem more
               | political than other sources.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788105
        
             | f6v wrote:
             | Because some times you have to make a call. Some studies
             | are now revealing that booster shots might be less
             | effective in those who recovered (watched a guy present his
             | unpublished data the other day). But it's not that obvious.
        
           | ssl232 wrote:
           | > There were plenty of knowledgeable people saying all along
           | that sterilizing nutralizing immunity in the mucosa was
           | unlikely to be achievable for a vaccine against a respiratory
           | virus that most commonly had no viremic phase, particularly
           | as a shot given in the arm.
           | 
           | You are absolutely right, this has been my experience too.
           | Pointing out what you did about (lack of) sterilising and
           | (importance of) mucosal immunity usually got you downvoted
           | here up until recently. It doesn't matter what your political
           | persuasion is (I am, or at least I was, going into the
           | pandemic, a left liberal), the idea that the vaccines would
           | end the pandemic if only enough people got 1, 2, 3 or more
           | doses was gaslighting from the beginning, probably arising
           | from flippant remarks from politicians when asked for target
           | dates to lift lockdown restrictions - "when X% are
           | vaccinated!". And the idea that this was _never_ what was
           | being said about them this time last year is also gaslighting
           | that 's happening right now.
           | 
           | The problem is that this is a very nuanced subject. Everyone
           | thinks they know what's going on, because they've been told
           | it's simple: get vaccinated/boosted, work from home and do as
           | we say and this will all be over. Much of the data being used
           | to justify this was one or more of badly collected, badly
           | analysed or badly interpreted by dishonest politicians,
           | journalists, scientists and members of the public pushing
           | their own (or their bosses') agendas. Instead of opponents'
           | arguments being heard and countered in public ("sunlight is
           | the best disinfectant"), they have been deplatformed under
           | the auspices of "public safety". Scientists have lost their
           | jobs for saying something to counter the narrative - it has
           | become illegal to disagree with the scientists the
           | politicians listen to, under punishment of losing your
           | livelihood. It has been a total shitshow that has exposed how
           | corrupt the whole system is. It has made me quite depressed
           | at how little we've apparently learned since the last
           | century. I thought we were living in the age of science, but
           | what we have right now is far, far from it; maybe we should
           | call it the age of misinformation - driven by humans'
           | psychological maladaptation to their own incredible
           | invention, the internet.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Couldn't have said it better. When I had multiple smart
             | people I knew in real life yelling what amounts to word
             | salad at me about how I'm so misguided and horrible for
             | asking basic questions about the data... ...that is when I
             | knew this whole thing was gonna last a long time and
             | devolve into a complete shitshow. If people were allowed to
             | express critical opinions and the general public was made
             | aware of the _actual_ numbers regarding covid risk we would
             | have never done any of the things we did over the last two
             | years.
             | 
             | These anointed "experts" _still_ have not told people to
             | chill the fuck out about covid and children. We have two
             | years of publicly available data saying they are at
             | virtually no risk. Yet the CDC and Fauci both act like
             | covid is some kind of grave danger to children.
             | 
             | Dig deep enough into most of the pro-"what we've done"'s
             | arguments and they are nothing more than thinly disguised
             | appeals to authority.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | The comment you think you are agreeing with is one that
               | you are not agreeing with or one that you don't seem to
               | understand.
        
               | ssl232 wrote:
               | I find peoples' reactions to this to not be a new
               | phenomenon, but I do have the pandemic to thank for
               | making me far better at identifying such personalities
               | and not letting myself judge the person having them. In
               | my experience it's pretty rare to find someone capable of
               | removing emotion from an argument. Perhaps 5% of people I
               | know are capable of this. The other 95%, given enough
               | debate, put you in their idiot or "basically Hitler" box
               | and cease to listen to or respect anything you say. This
               | makes me very sad, because we've got other huge
               | challenges needing faced as a species and I can see the
               | same crazy nonsense we've seen with COVID happening for
               | all of those too. Before we can begin to fix real issues
               | facing civilisation, we're going to have to fix our
               | ability to tolerate and debate arguments we disagree
               | with.
               | 
               | One thought I had recently is how up and downvotes on
               | sites like HN must contribute to tunnel vision in
               | debates. I know I have self-censored in the past knowing
               | that something I would say would get downvoted into
               | oblivion, and I've posted stuff that hasn't been very
               | constructive but that I've known would be a crowd
               | pleaser. This surely creates echo chambres resembling the
               | opinions of the loudest in the community. Old vBulletin-
               | style forums before likes and up/downvotes were a thing,
               | where all you could do was quote-reply (and one-word "+1"
               | and "disagree" replies were brutally deleted by zealous
               | moderators), were perhaps in hindsight the closest to
               | optimal we ever reached in the realm of textual online
               | debates. What a sorry state of affairs.
        
               | altcognito wrote:
               | I've never taken the argument to be that children are at
               | grave risk. I think Fauci even said that the risk is
               | minimal in particular with vaccines. "The with vaccines"
               | will rub some folks the wrong way but the point remains:
               | it's about potential transmissions, asymptomatic
               | transmissions at that. They so rarely even show symptoms
               | that some are convinced that kids aren't infectious but
               | that's the same nonsense we have today where people think
               | they aren't infectious because they got the vaccine. Add
               | in tight conditions at schools and parents willing to
               | send their kids to school sick, and it's not ideal.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | So what if kids transmit? Everybody age five and up can
               | walk in and get a vaccine. Who are we protecting?
               | Transmission doesn't matter in a post vaccine world.
               | 
               | Besides, asking kids to sacrifice their one and only
               | childhood to protect fully vaccinated adults who are
               | still afraid is a horrific public policy. Kids should
               | never be asked to sacrifice for adults. That just isn't
               | how things work.
        
               | qsdf38100 wrote:
               | I don't get it, there was some hope that vaccines could
               | end the pandemic. They didn't. But they still help, at
               | least by making people much less likely to die. Is there
               | something to be mad at? Hell, even if they ended up not
               | helping much, I wouldn't be mad at governments for
               | trying. I must be missing something.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | Nobodies pissed at the government for making vaccines
               | available, they are pissed that they are having their
               | livelihoods threatened based on false premises.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Doesn't matter if the pandemic ended or not. Society (or
               | at least the politicians) _chose_ to regress. The virus
               | is a virus. It doesn 't tell us how to react to it. We
               | do.
               | 
               | Many states didn't regress during delta. They kept calm
               | and carried on with normal. Only some states decided to
               | regress. And the outcomes are almost identical--in the
               | same ballpark at least.
        
               | altcognito wrote:
               | I'm always amused by mask mandates as regressing and
               | "doing nothing for public health" as keeping calm.
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | What's more, before omicron it was a pretty reasonable
               | position to conclude vaccinations were ending the
               | pandemic. By that I mean... That is a very reasonable
               | position to hold only 3 months ago.
               | 
               | And I still think the vaccines are substantially
               | accelerating the end. So I'm not even sure what the
               | complaint is. That it isn't the only factor? Sure, but
               | it's a huge one, and one of few that we can control.
        
               | ssl232 wrote:
               | > What's more, before omicron it was a pretty reasonable
               | position to conclude vaccinations were ending the
               | pandemic.
               | 
               | I've not seen a convincing argument against simply
               | looking at excess deaths. This avoids all of the problems
               | around classifcations of deaths with/from COVID,
               | vaccination statuses, etc. It's much harder to disguise
               | deaths or lack of deaths. EuroMOMO [1; scroll 60% down to
               | the z-scores] shows excess deaths in Europe basically
               | went back to normal in most countries after the European
               | wave in spring 2020, long before vaccines were available.
               | This was the case despite widely varying levels of
               | lockdown stringency - with at least one country, Sweden,
               | not doing any significant locking down at all. And many
               | countries' peaks at this time were, if you scroll back in
               | time, comparable in magnitude to excess deaths during
               | previous winters. If you draw a line in your mind down
               | the various countries' graphs at early 2021 when
               | significant fractions of the populations of these
               | countries were starting to get vaccinated, you will
               | probably struggle to determine that they've had any real
               | positive effect at all. Once you do that, consider an
               | alternative hypothesis could better describe the data,
               | for example that the virus is highly seasonal and we have
               | very little control over it. Now, a bonus: change the age
               | group from "all ages" to younger cohorts and observe that
               | in many countries excess deaths did not shift from
               | resembling noise during the entirely of the past 2 years.
               | There are even some countries, not known for being
               | paragons of good health such as Scotland, that barely saw
               | any out of the ordinary excess deaths in the young during
               | the whole period. I think people seem to think things are
               | far worse than they actually are in most countries
               | because of the panic created by media and politicians.
               | This is why I am very unconvinced by the argument that
               | vaccines have been helping to end the pandemic, at very
               | least amongst most of those who have been locked down. It
               | seems much more reasonable to me that other factors are
               | at play here.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.euromomo.eu/graphs-and-maps
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | > they've been told it's simple: get vaccinated/boosted
             | 
             | It is that simple.
             | 
             | 90% of the people in the hospitals are unvaccinated still.
             | 
             | Cut the unvaccinated fraction of the population down by 1/3
             | and you cut the hospitalization rate for the next wave by
             | roughly 1/3.
             | 
             | Instead people are doing T-cells/B-cells and affinity
             | maturation the hard slow way.
             | 
             | If we had a 100% vaccination rate we'd be done.
             | 
             | Don't know why everyone so desperately needs to look for
             | counterintuitive ways to approach the very simple problem
             | that when there's a global pandemic you mitigate it with
             | vaccination. Any other result is intellectuals thinking too
             | hard to try to impress themselves and probably missing
             | basic facts in the process.
        
               | oreilles wrote:
               | In France, between January 1st and 16th, vaccinated
               | people accounted for 60% of the new hospitalizations. We,
               | like most of Europe, have 90+% of adult population fully
               | vaccinated, and are nowhere near "being done".
        
               | xienze wrote:
               | > If we had a 100% vaccination rate we'd be done.
               | 
               | For a vaccine that doesn't confer sterilizing immunity
               | and whose effectiveness wanes rather quickly? To say
               | nothing of variants or the fact that this virus has
               | animal reservoirs. Or the impossibility of vaccinating
               | 100% of a population in the first place, nevermind in
               | perpetuity.
               | 
               | "Ending it" was always a pipe dream.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | > 90% of the people in the hospitals are unvaccinated
               | still.
               | 
               | Where is this true?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | > I am, or at least I was, going into the pandemic, a left
             | liberal
             | 
             | What's that got to do with it?
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | >an incredibly high bar that no respiratory viral vaccine has
         | ever met.
         | 
         | An incredibly high bar that no _intramuscular_ (humoral)
         | respiratory viral vaccine has met. Mostly because injecting
         | into the muscle does not lead to tissue resident immune cells
         | in the upper respiratory mucosa because it 's a separate immune
         | compartment from the body serum. But there are options like
         | intranasal boosters after intramuscular vaccination that can
         | prevent infection and _do_ significantly reduce shedding and
         | spread.
         | 
         | And it's been driving me crazy the entire pandemic that
         | intranasal spray vaccine boosters are not being heavily funded
         | and persued. It would save the world so many lives, time, and
         | incalculable money.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | Any idea (or sources) why they are not being pursued? And why
           | are flu vaccines not commonly given as intranasal spray?
        
             | ak217 wrote:
             | They are being pursued, just not given the same resources
             | as the emergency effort to get the original vaccines
             | approved:
             | 
             | -
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477597v1
             | 
             | - https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abg9857
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | I think there is some concern of intranasally applied
             | substances getting into the brain.
             | 
             | Even plain water infested with certain amoebas can give you
             | a fatal brain disease if you use it for nasal irrigation.
             | It is perfectly safe for drinking, though.
             | 
             | https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Nasal-
             | irrigatio...
             | 
             | We do not have that amoeba here, but I still boil the water
             | and cool it down before using it to flush my nose. (Works
             | great against mild common colds.) One of the worst
             | outbreaks in the world actually happened in Czechoslovakia
             | 60 years ago - 16 people died after being infected in a
             | public swimming pool.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | There's an approved nasal vaccine in the United States
               | (FluMist). It's use was not encouraged for a while
               | because it didn't vaccinate against H1N1 (recent years
               | have included H1N1). It doesn't look to be particularly
               | more effective than the shot (marketing focuses on no
               | shot, not on it working better; the CDC says the
               | effectiveness is similar).
               | 
               | There's multiple candidate intranasal SARS-CoV-2
               | vaccines, just none that have concluded trials.
        
         | Jtype wrote:
         | So then no other vaccines have led to or provided herd
         | immunity?
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | It is just a nuanced semantic distinction. You are immune in
           | the sense that you never notice the virus (in some cases) or
           | have no severe impacts (in others). But you are (never?)
           | immune in the sense that you literally never have the virus
           | replicate in you at all.
           | 
           | I am reminded of the recent twitter thread posted here by Dan
           | Luu about how communicating nuance at scale is impossible.
        
             | rhino369 wrote:
             | I would say this distinction is often just a semantics
             | argument designed to calm the public. In common usage, it
             | means you won't have a significant infection that becomes
             | contagious. The vast majority of vaccines are successful at
             | preventing that type of infection for a long time. Though
             | there are exceptions.
             | 
             | By defining "infection" so broadly it loses all meaning,
             | some officials are trying lump to the covid vaccines (which
             | are no longer very good at preventing contagious
             | infections) with vaccines that prevent contagious infection
             | for decades. Obviously, the effectiveness of vaccines is
             | nuanced and their effectiveness at preventing contagious
             | spread is a spectrum--not a binary.
             | 
             | Public health officials should just be straight with us.
             | The vaccines aren't as good as some of the vaccines we all
             | get--like measles--but they do provide a great deal of
             | protection. It's still basically a miracle that we got the
             | protection we did in about a year after the virus appeared.
             | It's a huge success.
        
             | rich_sasha wrote:
             | I thought a big part of the tragedy of the measles vaccine
             | rates dropping is precisely that we're losing herd
             | immunity.
             | 
             | At 95%+ immunised outbreaks ought not occur because herd
             | immunity, even for the remaining unvaccinated, whereas at
             | the lower levels, outbreaks will likely happen.
             | 
             | Is that not right?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Herd immunity is a function of transmission not
               | individual infection. Faster and stronger immune
               | responses reduce the number of viruses produced inside
               | someone over an infection. That directly means they are
               | less likely to infect other people.
               | 
               | Herd immunity is effectively a function of how infections
               | something is. 1 case leading to 2 cases on average means
               | you need to cut transmission in 50%. 1 case leading to 10
               | cases and you need to block 90% of new cases.
               | 
               | Critically this means vaccinated people can still be
               | infectious as long as they infect less than 1 person on
               | average you can reach herd immunity.
        
               | stonemetal12 wrote:
               | That is right. It is just immunity as a term in the
               | medical community vs average joe use of the word. Medical
               | community immunity means your immune system fights off
               | the invaders before anything medically interesting
               | happens, not that you have a magical force field that
               | prevents entry. Not sure why people are trying to twist
               | that into some sort of insidious plot.
               | 
               | If you have the measles vaccine and you get exposed to
               | measles, measles will be in your body for a short time in
               | low quantities, but your immune system will quickly
               | destroy it. That means you are unlikely to pass it on or
               | develop symptoms.
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | Ok makes sense.
               | 
               | But is that different then to vaccines against bacterial
               | diseases? If some bacteria enter my body, surely they
               | don't magically disappear either, maybe split a few times
               | but eventually die off.
        
           | kaitai wrote:
           | Evaluate the statements above with respect to measles or
           | polio, as the parent poster points out. It is clear that
           | measles and polio vaccines can lead to "herd immunity", while
           | preventing severe side effects of these diseases in the
           | majority of cases.
           | 
           | The point is there is a range of infection mechanisms for
           | viruses (respiratory vs other, for starters) and vaccines
           | thus provide benefit at different points in the infection
           | process. This leads to heterogeneity in "infection level" and
           | symptomaticity in the vaccinated population.
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | If it can't replicate as well in you, you significantly
           | reduce the ability for it to spread via you typically. Herd
           | immunity fro that perspective is about reducing spread to the
           | point that outbreaks don't spread from local groups because
           | the R value is low enough, even taking into account the few
           | people who can't be immunized.
        
         | pibechorro wrote:
         | All true, but this was not what was sold to the general public.
         | Had people been informed that the latest vaccines against
         | COVID-19 behaved similarly to rhe seasonal shots people get for
         | regular flue season, a vast majority of the public would have
         | opted out, as they do with the seasonal versions. This was
         | further compounded by the aggressive dismissal and censorship
         | of natural immunity and preventive care (good diet, exercise,
         | vitamins, etc). We are here today because the obvious was
         | politicized.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | > Had people been informed that the latest vaccines against
           | COVID-19 behaved similarly to rhe seasonal shots people get
           | for regular flue season, a vast majority of the public would
           | have opted out, as they do with the seasonal versions.
           | 
           | We're people informed differently? I don't remember ever
           | being under the impression that the COVID vaccine would
           | provide immunity forever, or even longer than a year.
           | 
           | Also, incidentally, like 40-50% of American adults get the
           | flu vaccine. For people aged 65+ it's like 60-70%. That's
           | lower than the rates of COVID vaccinations, but not massively
           | lower (especially considering that the choice to get the flu
           | vaccine is not utilized as a signal of political group
           | membership).
        
             | dpedu wrote:
             | https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-07-21/ap
             | -...
             | 
             | > BIDEN: "You're not going to get COVID if you have these
             | vaccinations." -- town hall.
        
           | macd wrote:
           | > aggressive dismissal and censorship of natural immunity
           | 
           | The 'natural immunity' argument never makes sense if you
           | think about it. You're comparing the chances of a SECOND
           | covid infection of an unvaccinated person to a vaccinated
           | person's first infection. If you compare vaccinated vs
           | unvaccinated people and their chances of their first and
           | second covid infections, the vaccinated person wins in both
           | cases.
           | 
           | Also, the first infection is the riskiest one. So going
           | through the riskiest infection to get immunity for a second,
           | less risky infection doesn't really make sense.
           | 
           | If it's about whether someone who had covid already should
           | count as being vaccinated, maybe. But that also risks
           | incentivizing people catching covid on purpose instead of
           | taking the vaccine.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | I would encourage everyone eligible to protect themselves
             | by getting vaccinated, but there were millions of people
             | who got infected before there were any vaccines available.
             | The vast majority of those recovered patients now have
             | durable cellular immunity which will usually protect them
             | against severe symptoms in subsequent reinfections.
             | 
             | https://peterattiamd.com/covid-part2/
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | > All true, but this was not what was sold to the general
           | public.
           | 
           | Fauci was prepping everyone for vaccines with a 50% VE
           | against infection back in late 2020 before the results of the
           | phase 3 trials were produced.
           | 
           | https://nypost.com/2020/08/07/fauci-says-covid-19-vaccine-
           | ma...
           | 
           | > "The chances of it being 98 percent effective is not
           | great," Fauci, a member of the White House Coronavirus Task
           | Force, said at a Q&A with the Brown University School of
           | Public Health in Rhode Island, according to CNBC.
           | 
           | > Instead, Fauci said, scientists are hoping for a vaccine
           | that is 75 percent effective -- but even a 50 or 60 percent
           | success rate would be considered a win.
           | 
           | At the same time though we're still at >90% VE against severe
           | disease and hospitalization through the persistence of T-cell
           | immunity, but that just doesn't protect against initial
           | infection since T-cells take a few days to get going in
           | response to an infection. The vaccines can be largely
           | credited with most of the "milder" Omicron wave keeping the
           | infection-hospitalization-rate much lower.
           | 
           | So who exactly "sold" these ideas about the vaccines to the
           | general public? Because it wasn't the leading public health
           | expert not the pandemic.
           | 
           | How much did the public hear what it wanted to hear from
           | media sources and self-appointed twitter experts?
        
             | brandonmenc wrote:
             | Here is Fauci claiming the vaccines would result in herd
             | immunity:
             | 
             | > "When polls said only about half of all Americans would
             | take a vaccine, I was saying herd immunity would take 70 to
             | 75 percent," Fauci told the Times. "Then, when newer
             | surveys said 60 percent or more would take it, I thought,
             | 'I can nudge this up a bit,' so I went to 80, 85."
             | 
             | It sure sounds like he was intentionally feeding us false
             | hope.
             | 
             | https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/531611-fauci-herd-
             | immu...
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | That was over a year ago, just before the Delta variant
               | was discovered. Since Delta became prevalent, there has
               | been little talk of herd immunity.
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | The quote I posted was contemporaneous with the quote
               | from the parent comment, which claims Fauci prepped us
               | for 50% VE but he later claimed herd immunity was
               | possible which afaik implies far greater than 50% VE.
               | 
               | The parent comment asked "who sold these ideas [that
               | vaccines prevent transmission] to the general public?"
               | From the quote I posted, it certainly seems like Fauci
               | did.
               | 
               | Is there something I'm missing here?
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | From above: "Instead, Fauci said, scientists are hoping
               | for a vaccine that is 75 percent effective -- but even a
               | 50 or 60 percent success rate would be considered a win."
               | 
               | The number 50 was mentioned in passing, but it doesn't
               | sound like he was predicting any specific efficacy
               | number, only that it would not be as high as the rosy
               | 90%+ that was shown by some data. To me, parsing these
               | words is a little nit-picky, since we are talking about a
               | 2 year period during which multiple new and unexpected
               | strains have become dominant, and vast amounts of new
               | clinical data have been published.
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | The claim that herd immunity is possible seems to imply
               | some base efficacy rate, the actual value of which I
               | agree is not important here. (Although maybe it doesn't.
               | I really don't know.)
               | 
               | And it's true that the quotes come from early on in the
               | pandemic.
               | 
               | However, the claim that it was randos on Twitter and not
               | the experts - at any time - who were purveying the idea
               | that the Covid vaccines would significantly prevent
               | transmission - unlike flu vaccines - is contradicted by
               | the quote from Fauci that I posted in response to the
               | question: "who sold these ideas to the public?"
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Yeah the Delta variant is the only one that has really
               | mattered at all.
               | 
               | That was something that literally nobody expected, not
               | even epidemiologists or virologists. Goodbye herd
               | immunity argument entirely. Everyone catches SARS-CoV-2
               | sooner or later.
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | > the aggressive dismissal and censorship of natural immunity
           | 
           | who agressively dismissed this?
        
             | twofornone wrote:
             | Your friendly neighborhood fact checkers who suppress
             | virtually anything which could justify opposition to
             | vaccine mandates. Including news media.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | I angrily dismiss it. It's a nonverifiable bullshit excuse
             | to avoid a needle prick. Tests have some error, it's
             | unclear if you got a sufficient dose, spaced exposures are
             | better, the vaccine has shown better variant resilience,
             | choose your reasons. If you haven't gotten a vaccine, I
             | don't care if you've had COVID or not. Either way you
             | should get a shot.
             | 
             | It might be different if there were any cost to it. But
             | there isn't. So invariably the people bitching about
             | natural immunity are just doing it to make a point, usually
             | political.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > So invariably the people bitching about natural
               | immunity are just doing it to make a point, usually
               | political.
               | 
               | Bodily autonomy is kind of an important topic, is it not?
               | Why should some asshole force me to get an unnecessary
               | medical procedure for a common respiratory virus I
               | already had in order to work or enter many places of
               | business? Why does the government get to force this
               | medical procedure on me?
               | 
               | You can't argue for bodily autonomy and simultaneously
               | support vaccination passports and things like that. I
               | mean you can, but it makes your argument a whole lot
               | weaker.
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | I agree people should get the shot. It's so amazingly
               | clear that it's effective at helping your immune system
               | to fight the virus quicker.
               | 
               | But the CDC did announce that since delta people who
               | recovered from an infection have better immune response
               | than those who are only vaccinated. I asked the OP to
               | clarify because there is false information out there that
               | this fact is being suppressed "aggressively" when in fact
               | the CDC announced it!
        
               | Vrondi wrote:
               | So, not only did you not RTFA (which mentions lasting
               | natural immunity up through 450 days so far), you refuse
               | to believe any science that isn't suiting your political
               | agenda. You should not have the power to require anyone
               | to get an unnecessary medical treatment, and neither
               | should the government.
               | 
               | https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-
               | matters/lasting...
        
             | Vrondi wrote:
             | Every single company and policy maker who is requiring
             | vaccination without considering prior infection.
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | Rubbish. The CDC advises all policy on this matter in the
               | US and they publicly published that infection and
               | recovery from Delta and subsequent variants gives a
               | stronger immune response than vaccination _alone_.
               | 
               | It's trivial to find this information.
               | 
               | https://duckduckgo.com/?q=cdc+natural+immunity&t=brave&ia
               | r=n...
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | Also many people fail to seroconvert after natural infection:
           | 
           | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/9/21-1042-f2
           | 
           | And the virus contains immune evasion genes like ORF8 which
           | evade humoral immunity responses by downregulating MHC-I:
           | 
           | https://www.pnas.org/content/118/23/e2024202118
           | 
           | Nobody in their right mind would produce a vaccine with ORF8
           | in it since it defeats the whole purpose of stimulating
           | T-cell and B-cell recognition.
           | 
           | There's good reasons why natural immunity has been
           | downplayed.
        
         | cloutchaser wrote:
         | I think we should thank whatever god that so far it seems we
         | didn't end up with a Marek's disease type situation. I don't
         | know how much of a guarantee there was about this with covid,
         | but if the vaccine would have promoted a much more aggressive
         | virus we could have ended up in a situation where any
         | unvaccinated human will basically die (this happens in
         | chickens, see:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%27s_disease).
         | 
         | I sincerely hope the people who devised this vaccine know what
         | they are doing. As far as I know (according to a Katalin Kariko
         | inteview), the Sars-Cov-2 spike protein can't mutate too much
         | without limiting it's effectiveness, so therefore this vaccine
         | should theoretically work in the future.
         | 
         | But that Marek's disease issue is very very scary to me.
        
           | edmundsauto wrote:
           | > I sincerely hope the people who devised this vaccine know
           | what they are doing.
           | 
           | I think we all hope this. I can say that I sincerely believe
           | the people who devised the vaccine know a hell of a lot more
           | than just about anyone else on the planet.
           | 
           | I don't trust experts in economics or socio-politics, but I
           | do trust experts in virology. Not to say their information is
           | perfect, but they know so much more than other people in a
           | field where expertise is connected to outcomes.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | Well... that was an unsettling read.
           | 
           | > The evolution of Marek's disease due to vaccination has had
           | a profound effect on the poultry industry. All chickens
           | across the globe are now vaccinated against Marek's disease
           | (birds hatched in private flocks for laying or exhibition are
           | rarely vaccinated). Highly virulent strains have been
           | selected to the point that any chicken that is unvaccinated
           | will die if infected.[14] Other leaky vaccines are commonly
           | used in agriculture. One vaccine in particular is the vaccine
           | for avian influenza. Leaky vaccine use for avian influenza
           | can select for virulent strains.[15]
           | 
           | Wonderful. Like H5N1, which has a 60% mortality in humans.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | I remember it was discussed months ago on HN when early on
             | in vaccines roll out, somebody raised this concern but the
             | consensus was the vaccines mostly prevented infection so
             | not a big worry -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
         | toolz wrote:
         | > Somehow there's this idea that the Sars-CoV-2 vaccines need
         | to prevent infection or symptomatic disease
         | 
         | There's a laundry list of public health officials (including
         | the CDC director, to give a sense of the authority on this
         | list) that said it would prevent infection and transmission. So
         | it really shouldn't surprise anyone that there were
         | expectations that the vaccine would do what public health
         | authorities said it would do.
        
         | jmckib wrote:
         | I'm confused. Weren't covid mRNA vaccines very effective at
         | preventing infection, even asymptomatic infection, against
         | delta and earlier variants? Only with omicron has the
         | effectiveness been significantly reduce, but not to zero. And
         | once we come up with a variant-specific vaccine, I would expect
         | the effectiveness to go up again.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | Chicken pox vaccine works so well that no one gets a single
         | sore.
        
         | rbancroft wrote:
         | The bar is being set high for these vaccines because they are
         | being pushed and mandated with very exaggerated justification,
         | that they will end the pandemic. Rational people will agree
         | that there are significant benefits to the vaccine, but I don't
         | believe there is any evidence to suggest that these vaccines
         | will get us to an end state where the virus is no longer
         | circulating.
         | 
         | If you want people to go along with a medical intervention,
         | state clearly the expected outcome and don't move the goalposts
         | when the data changes. If the data is strong, you most likely
         | wouldn't need mandates to convince people.
        
           | wildpeaks wrote:
           | Vaccines are like seat belts: they don't prevent car crashes,
           | but they help you survive them.
        
             | yetanotherath wrote:
             | Good one!
             | 
             | Here's my version for pre-Covid vaccines:
             | 
             | Vaccines are like seat belts: they prevent car crashes.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Flu vaccines were always described as a pretty stochastic
               | thing and not a guarantee, though that may have been more
               | for uncertainty of which strain ended up dominant.
        
               | dTal wrote:
        
               | yetanotherath wrote:
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | No they're more like airbags. The don't stop the accident
               | but they do make it immensely more survivable.
               | 
               | It's amazing how much we've forgotten about how vaccines
               | and immunity work over the last couple of years.
        
               | yetanotherath wrote:
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > The bar is being set high for these vaccines because they
           | are being pushed and mandated with very exaggerated
           | justification, that they will end the pandemic.
           | 
           | At what point does the justification become 'exaggerated'?
           | 
           | Is "This vaccine would have saved the lives of at least half
           | a million Americans in the past two years" not a good enough
           | justification?
           | 
           | Is "End the pandemic" the _only_ set of goal posts for
           | vaccination that you will accept?
           | 
           | Is not, is there a number of corpses that will be an
           | acceptable justification? How much higher does it have to
           | get? A million? Five? Fifty?
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | Vaccines have mostly eradicated other viruses. It's at least
           | possible we could do the same here if we didn't have such a
           | high level of resistance to getting vaccinated.
           | 
           | It was only after (in the US) vaccination rates levelled off
           | and Delta came along that I began hearing people talk about
           | COVID as endemic.
           | 
           | As for evidence, the continued efficacy of some vaccines
           | against variants suggests that, with high levels of adoption,
           | it's at least possible that after a few years of periodic
           | boosters and targeting emerging strains that we could have
           | reached an extremely low level of circulation.
           | 
           | Also why wouldn't you move the goal posts when the data
           | changes? You get new data, you reevaluate prior assumptions
           | and models, and adjust accordingly. Is there a particular
           | instance you're referring to here?
        
             | mzvkxlcvd wrote:
             | >It's at least possible we could do the same here if we
             | didn't have such a high level of resistance to getting
             | vaccinated.
             | 
             | why hasn't the flu been eradicated then?
             | 
             | >It was only after (in the US) vaccination rates levelled
             | off and Delta came along that I began hearing people talk
             | about COVID as endemic.
             | 
             | that's because most people have no idea what's going on.
             | experts were saying this was the likely outcome from the
             | begining
        
               | lkbm wrote:
               | There are likely numerous reasons, but the flu vaccine
               | update was generally around 40% for adults in the US[0].
               | COVID is something like 70% and the OP is saying _if we
               | got even higher_ it might 've worked. (I suspect the
               | bigger issue was getting it distributed _globally_.)
               | 
               | [0] https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1920estim
               | ates.ht...
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > experts were saying this was the likely outcome from
               | the begining
               | 
               | Well only _those other_ experts... the  "kooks" and
               | "right wing" ones who "care more about the economy than
               | lives". The ones that got their reputations destroyed.
               | 
               | The mainstream "experts" who are the ones we are only
               | supposed to ever listen to have never really made any of
               | this clear. If they did, we wouldn't even be having this
               | discussion.
        
             | headsoup wrote:
             | Seems we've forgotten all about how viruses work over the
             | last couple of years.
             | 
             | Without a vaccine, viruses will still evolve to be less
             | virulent and more transmissible, leading to endemic status.
             | Within this a large number of the population gain natural
             | immunity also reducing spread.
             | 
             | Vaccines, done poorly and too frequently, cause vaccine
             | escape where the immune system actually does a worse job
             | fighting infection and you get more virus (aside other
             | immune system issues). Which is exactly what we're seeing
             | now where a lot of places have more hospitalisation and
             | death _per capita_ in the vaccinated...two years into the
             | pandemic
             | 
             | The most ignorant thing to think at the moment is 'just
             | need more jabbing.'
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Incorrect.
               | 
               | Smallpox has been around for thousands of years, and it
               | has not evolved to be less virulent.
        
               | somewhereoutth wrote:
               | More transmissible (specifically _fitter_ ) but not
               | necessarily, or even usually, less virulent. That is just
               | an urban myth sadly.
               | 
               | Endemic just means 'regularly found', it does _not_ mean
               | mostly harmless!
               | 
               | Vaccine escape refers to a virus evolving to avoid
               | vaccine induced immunity - and can happen with infection
               | induced immunity too. As it happens T cell immunity
               | against severe disease has been holding up just fine -
               | and has saved countless lives. If vaccine uptake was
               | universal, and we took a few sensible precautions, a
               | virus can be completely suppressed, like measles, so
               | wouldn't have a chance for escape mutations.
               | 
               | Your per capita statement is plain wrong.
               | 
               | Now you've been taught a few things about viruses, you
               | can stop spreading misinformation!
        
             | toolz wrote:
             | > Vaccines have mostly eradicated other viruses
             | 
             | No, vaccines have eliminated exactly one human virus,
             | smallpox.
        
             | vanattab wrote:
             | We have never even come close to eradicating a respiratory
             | virus. There is a huge difference between a disease like
             | smallpox and covid19
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | A nice summary of human attempts to fully eradicate
               | pathogens - a feat we have accomplished precisely two
               | (2!) times.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_d
               | ise...
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | we have for all intents and purposes eradicated polio in
               | the areas that trust vaccines. it's in basically 2 places
               | now because of a few factors but a large one is that the
               | taliban doesn't trust them and think it's a sterilizing
               | campaign... pakistan, and afganistan.
        
               | omegaworks wrote:
               | Don't get it twisted: the CIA disguised its spies as
               | polio vaccine administrators[1]. We could have eradicated
               | the virus had the medical staff not been weaponized.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-
               | way/2014/05/20/314231260...
        
             | Vrondi wrote:
             | When the primary message to the populace is that the
             | vaccine will stop the spread, then the vaccines do not stop
             | infection, large swathes of the public begin to feel lied
             | to.
        
               | f6v wrote:
               | Where can I read that message? I don't follow many news
               | channels. But I visited CDC website and their primary
               | message is that vaccines protect from getting seriously
               | ill.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Part of "serious illness" is being ill for longer. The
               | longer you're infected, the more people you're likely to
               | infect. How could vaccination _not_ reduce the spread?
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | > that they will end the pandemic.
           | 
           | And that they will prevent the appearance of mutated strains.
           | 
           | Or the corollary that the appearance of mutated strains is to
           | be blamed on people being unvaccinated, either because they
           | don't have vaccines or don't want them.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Where I live, the goalposts are exactly the same as they were
           | two years ago: don't let the health care system get
           | overwhelmed. I have no idea what your politicians have been
           | telling you.
        
             | JacobThreeThree wrote:
             | >the goalposts are exactly the same as they were two years
             | ago
             | 
             | Shouldn't the politicians have made progress on this issue
             | over the course of two years? At what point is it
             | incompetence or corruption, if the billions being spent to
             | fight the pandemic make zero discernable impact on the most
             | critical issue?
        
               | standardUser wrote:
               | In most of the US life has been back to normal (give or
               | take) for a year or more. A lot of people are still
               | dying, but they are primarily higher risk individuals who
               | have chosen not to get the vaccines that have been free
               | and readily available for about a year.
               | 
               | So in terms of goalposts, what exactly is your goal? I'd
               | like to see international travel normalize - it's maybe
               | one of the few restrictions I still feel is constraining
               | me - but there is little my government can do about that.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >Shouldn't the politicians have made progress on this
               | issue over the course of two years?
               | 
               | What do you mean? Should they should magically cause the
               | number of doctors and hospitals to double inside two
               | years?
               | 
               | >if the billions being spent to fight the pandemic make
               | zero discernable impact on the most critical issue?
               | 
               | What leads you to believe that measures such as pushing
               | vaccination haven't been having tremendous impact on that
               | issue?
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | >What leads you to believe that measures such as pushing
               | vaccination haven't been having tremendous impact on that
               | issue?
               | 
               | Do you believe that health care systems are currently
               | overwhelmed by COVID?
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | If the definition of "overwhelmed" is "past the point of
               | functioning at all" then no. But if the definition is "at
               | the point of functioning with an appreciably lower
               | quality of care", then definitely yes in many areas (less
               | so now, but more so a month ago).
        
               | edmundsauto wrote:
               | In the United States, they are currently paying traveling
               | nurses up to $10k per week. That is a 500% increase over
               | normal pay. It's so bad that the Texas legislature and
               | Congress are trying to limit interstate commerce and
               | impose wage caps. These gigs are not hard to come by -
               | anyone qualified can easily get them.
               | 
               | If that doesn't say "understaffed and overwhelmed", I'm
               | not sure what evidence would.
        
               | eecc wrote:
               | You don't seem to have an "elective surgery" planned and
               | then cancelled and postponed indefinitely, haven't you.
               | Or a biopsy you cannot have for that worrisome mass down
               | there... all because your local facilities are at
               | capacity trying to keep no-vaxxers alive.
               | 
               | Good for you
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Mainly in areas where many people haven't been
               | vaccinated. Where I'm at, hospitals are fine.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > Should they should magically cause the number of
               | doctors and hospitals to double inside two years?
               | 
               | It's not even magic. It just needs to be done. Find a
               | way. There is an emergency. You don't just get to whine
               | and complain that it is too hard. Your solution doesn't
               | need to be perfect. Far from it, in fact. It just needs
               | to patch the issue so we don't need to do restrictions of
               | any kind.
               | 
               | Anybody that claims it is impossible to double or even
               | quadruple healthcare capacity specifically for covid just
               | isn't being creative about it enough. It's not magic. You
               | just make it happen. You have almost infinite resources
               | to do it even up to and including relaxing licensing laws
               | or removing any other political or bureaucratic hurdle.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | There's been plenty of progress on the issue of not
               | overwhelming the healthcare system. In the areas with
               | high vaccination rates. Most hospitalizations are by the
               | unvaccinated. In those cases where unvaccinated overwhelm
               | the system, that's not the politicians' fault except for
               | the ones also spreading anti-vaxer misinformation.
        
               | sanderjd wrote:
               | They did make a lot of progress on it: they supported the
               | extremely fast invention and roll out of vaccines that
               | accomplish these goals. People have refused to take those
               | vaccines and have refused to support politicians
               | mandating that people take them. It is thus outside the
               | hands of the politicians at this point, and in the hands
               | of society at large.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | > don't let the health care system get overwhelmed
             | 
             | So add more capacity. It's an emergency. Find a way to add
             | it. Why are we into this two years and still have this
             | problem? It's inexcusable at this point.
        
               | umvi wrote:
               | > So add more capacity. It's an emergency. Find a way to
               | add it.
               | 
               | We did. The government deployed a floating hospital
               | called the USNS Comfort to NYC to massively increase
               | hospital capacity and... it basically just sat there
               | unused for a month and then left after Governor Cuomo
               | said it wasn't needed.
        
             | nsxwolf wrote:
             | Where I live health systems are not overwhelmed. They were
             | never overwhelmed even before the vaccines. They are
             | occasionally under some pressure here and there like in a
             | bad flu season. But I have to show a vax card to eat in a
             | restaurant.
        
               | deeg wrote:
               | Is it possible your area is not overwhelmed because
               | vaccinations are required? Here's a medical system
               | overwhelmed in part because vaccination rate is (was) so
               | low: https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/coronavirus/arti
               | cle25438...
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | I believe the vaccines are a big part of why they're not
               | overwhelmed now during the Omicron wave. But we achieved
               | the bulk of our vaccination rate before mandates.
        
               | basisword wrote:
               | So...let everyone else get vaccinated and fix it, not me?
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | What is the burden that would make this a problem? If the
               | typical narrative is to be believed the unvaccinated are
               | in a much worse position, facing the dangers of terrible
               | disease and death!
        
               | basisword wrote:
               | If there was no burden then the person would get
               | vaccinated. I personally don't believe there is a burden
               | but they must.
        
               | aqme28 wrote:
               | I'm struggling to understand your point, since we agree
               | that vaccines are working to prevent hospital overflow.
               | Is the issue the method of enforcement (show a card to
               | eat at a restaurant)? Because I can also agree that it's
               | a little roundabout.
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | > I don't believe there is any evidence to suggest that these
           | vaccines will get us to an end state where the virus is no
           | longer circulating.
           | 
           | Who is saying there is?
        
             | JacobThreeThree wrote:
             | President Biden said you can't get COVID if you get the
             | vaccine, implying it would stop the virus from circulating.
             | 
             | >One last thing that's really important is: We're not in a
             | position where we think that any virus -- including the
             | Delta virus, which is much more transmissible and more
             | deadly in terms of non -- unvaccinated people -- the vi- --
             | the various shots that people are getting now cover that.
             | They're -- you're okay. You're not going to -- you're not
             | going to get COVID if you have these vaccinations.
             | 
             | https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-
             | remarks/20...
        
               | clort wrote:
               | So anyway as I understand it we have a pretty technical
               | readership here on HN.
               | 
               | Technically, the virus is called SARS-CoV-2 and the
               | disease is called COVID-19[1].
               | 
               | That does mean, technically, that due to vaccination the
               | virus can indeed circulate but that people are not
               | affected by the disease. Is that what Biden has said?
               | Certainly from the excerpt you posted, that seems to be
               | the case.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respirator
               | y_syndr...
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | >That does mean, technically, that due to vaccination the
               | virus can indeed circulate but that people are not
               | affected by the disease.
               | 
               | Are you suggesting that breakthrough cases of COVID don't
               | exist?
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | That's cherry picking a slip of the tongue: he was very
               | clear earlier in that post that you can still get
               | infected:
               | 
               | > _If you're vaccinated, even if you do catch the
               | "virus," quote, unquote -- like people talk about it in
               | normal terms -- you're in overwhelm- -- not many people
               | do. If you do, you're not likely to get sick. You're
               | probably going to be symptomless. You're not going to be
               | in a position where you -- where your life is in danger._
               | 
               | So you can cherry pick and attribute an absurd
               | interpretation while ignoring everything else he said, or
               | go for the reasonable view that he knows infection is
               | still possible based on multiple other points in the
               | conversation. The man isn't a great speaker, but
               | nonetheless it's inappropriate to choose the worst
               | possible interpretation of something when context
               | contradicts that interpretation.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | It's one example of many that could have been chosen, and
               | needs no interpretation, his words stand on their own.
               | The fact that there are incoherencies in his various
               | statements is not relevant.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | >one example of many
               | 
               | Then show me the many examples where he's said that
               | vaccines are perfect proof against infection. Because now
               | you're moving the goal posts as your point is refuted by
               | context, so you expand to more vague ad hominem attack
               | against him. The burden of evidence is on you to support
               | that, and to do so with more than brief out of context
               | soundbites.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | >out of context soundbites
               | 
               | A link to the entire transcript of an event is an "out of
               | context sondbite"? You're clearly not discussing in good
               | faith.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Review your comment. You link to the entire transcript
               | yet use only a single out of context quote. You chose,
               | from a long transcript a single out of context sound
               | bite. My accusation stands. _I was the one_ who pointed
               | out that you ignored the rest of the context that
               | contradicted you.
               | 
               | So there you are-- posting an article, maybe failing to
               | read it or more likely deciding to ignore most of it, and
               | then accuse _me_ of discussing in bad faith? That is
               | quite brazen, accusing me of the exact thing you are
               | doing, A poor, failed attempt at a diversionary tactic to
               | distract from your avoidance of the question.
        
               | zmmmmm wrote:
               | technically, COVID is the disease and SARS-COV-2 is the
               | virus. So the virus can circulate with only a very small
               | fraction of people getting COVID if the vaccines are
               | highly effective.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you're technically proving, but the
               | quote said nothing about "small fraction of people", it
               | was categorical.
        
               | zmmmmm wrote:
               | refuting your statement:
               | 
               | > you can't get COVID if you get the vaccine, implying it
               | would stop the virus from circulating.
               | 
               | It is entirely possibly that vaccination can leave a
               | virus circulating while still preventing disease. Whether
               | it does in this specific case is something you could
               | debate, but you can't draw that implication stand alone.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | >It is entirely possibly that vaccination can leave a
               | virus circulating while still preventing disease. Whether
               | it does in this specific case is something you could
               | debate
               | 
               | But breakthrough cases of the COVID disease do occur in
               | this specific case.
               | 
               | What is the relevance of a hypothetical alternative
               | scenario where breakthrough cases don't exist?
        
           | closeparen wrote:
           | Hopes are high because if they don't prevent spread, and
           | breakthrough cases or effects on the unvaccinated/ineligible
           | are bad enough, then there's no off-ramp for NPIs.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > If the data is strong, you most likely wouldn't need
           | mandates to convince people.
           | 
           | That's an awfully naive and rosy view of "people".
        
           | raz32dust wrote:
           | What would it take for you to accept that people should get
           | vaccinated by law? Or do you think it should just not be
           | mandated ever?
        
             | nameisname wrote:
             | You do not have to get your child vaccinated. If they're
             | going to mandate vaccines, why haven't they done it
             | already? What would have had to change before the pandemic
             | for you to want them to be mandated?
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | We already have these requirements for other infectious
             | diseases as well as health codes that cover clothing and
             | sometimes protective equipment and procedure requirements
             | for workers and customers in public settings.
             | 
             | I liken masks to the requirement to have at least minimal
             | clothing on. Sanitation is the same (wash your hands,
             | here's how to scrub for 30 seconds).
        
           | arrrg wrote:
           | That's not the end state anyone who knows anything about this
           | virus is expecting or aiming at at the moment. And it hasn't
           | been for months and months.
           | 
           | Universal vaccination can make the transition of this virus
           | from pandemic to endemic much more pleasant. In terms of
           | deaths, serious cases (with potential long term effects), but
           | also in terms of smoothing out hospital and infrastructure
           | load.
           | 
           | In that respect the vaccines are an awesomely effective tool
           | that can greatly reduce suffering with minimal or no real
           | downsides.
           | 
           | Side note: an omicron infection is no replacement for the
           | vaccination. Omicron doesn't confer great immunity against
           | delta and other, "older" virus variants which are still out
           | there, potentially ready to come back next winter.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | "Omicron doesn't confer great immunity against delta"
             | 
             | It is my impression that it actually does, and that is why
             | Delta was outcompeted so fast. If it didn't, both strains
             | would likely co-circulate together.
        
               | LASR wrote:
               | Outcompeting is an immediate association between the two
               | variants. Conferring x-variant immunity means that once
               | you've recovered from one, you will have _lasting_
               | immunity to other variants.
               | 
               | There is a possibility that the large majority of the
               | population has been infected with omicron, and recovered.
               | But then delta could come in at that point and produce
               | another wave. At this time, the body would be much more
               | successful at holding off omicron, but maybe not so much
               | with delta.
               | 
               | So purely from the fractions of current infections, you
               | cannot draw conclusions about x-variant immunity.
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Does anyone know where I can find graphs that show the %
               | of infections that each variant represents over time?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The CDC publishes weekly data on variant percentages.
               | 
               | https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-
               | proportion...
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I used to see them all the time on Reddit in the
               | r/Coronavirus subreddit.
               | 
               | Searching very quickly, I found this from Dec 21, 2021:
               | 
               | https://www.statnews.com/wp-
               | content/uploads/2021/12/c7efM-om...
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | BC, Canada: http://www.bccdc.ca/Health-Info-
               | Site/Documents/VoC/VoC_Weekl...
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | Why should I care what "anyone who knows anything about
             | this virus" is expecting? The people writing the policies
             | around vaccination are the ones who matter.
             | 
             | There have been mass firings on the basis that this
             | vaccination will end the pandemic and people who don't get
             | vaccinated are actively harming everyone else. The truth of
             | that claim is far too murky to justify the agressive
             | policies that are being used to force people to get
             | vacinated. Policies which, I note, appear to be deploy what
             | are effectively human rights violations. These are not
             | policieis that should be used. The policy response is what
             | is important here.
        
               | aqme28 wrote:
               | > people who don't get vaccinated are actively harming
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | Aren't they? Hospitals are overflowing and elective
               | procedures cancelled due entirely to people refusing to
               | get vaccinated.
        
               | thrown939181 wrote:
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | No they're not.
               | 
               | A) there's more vaccinated in hospital _per capita_ of
               | late. Why aren 't we demanding lockdowns again instead of
               | just blaming the "unvaxxed" still
               | 
               | B) the unvaxxed still aren't allowed into many places,
               | yet the virus spreads readily
               | 
               | C) Why, rather than just "argh unvaxxed lepers!" are we
               | not guiding better health and wellbeing instead?
               | 
               | D) a covid case is counted when people are in hospital
               | for any other reason and catch it
               | 
               | E) you are counted as unvaxxed during the two week window
               | after getting vaccinated, which is exactly when your
               | immune system is weaker and succeptible to catching a bad
               | case of covid. Interesting how hard it is to find this
               | data, you'd think it would be strongly monitored
        
               | lkbm wrote:
               | > A) there's more vaccinated in hospital per capita of
               | late. Why aren't we demanding lockdowns again instead of
               | just blaming the "unvaxxed" still
               | 
               | Do you have a source for this. This directly conflicts
               | the data I've been seeing. e.g.: https://www1.nyc.gov/sit
               | e/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page#daily -- weekly
               | hospitalizations peaking at 92/100k for vaccinated vs.
               | 772/100k for unvaccinated.
        
               | arrrg wrote:
               | People who are not vaccinate are definitely behaving in a
               | deeply antisocial way and enforcing vaccines is very much
               | a justified policy in my eyes, even if "only" to smooth
               | over the transition from pandemic to endemic.
               | 
               | To my eyes vaccine mandates are not, in general, human
               | rights violations. They just are not.
        
               | yetanotherath wrote:
        
               | thrown939181 wrote:
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | > To my eyes vaccine mandates are not, in general, human
               | rights violations. They just are not.
               | 
               | Are they really though? If vaccines work so damn great
               | why do I still need to wear a mask in a place where
               | everybody is vaccinated? And why did Ontario shut down
               | most of the places that required proof of vaccine during
               | this omicron wave? Shouldn't those places be exempt from
               | shutdowns?
               | 
               | If proof of vaccine still requires masking and
               | shutdowns... maybe it isn't a really an effective policy?
        
               | MagnumOpus wrote:
               | If stop signs and traffic lights work so dann well why am
               | I being forced to wear a seat belt? If I require a
               | seatbelt even after taking a drivers licence exam, maybe
               | following traffic rules isn't really an effective policy?
               | 
               | One would think that on this forum of all places, people
               | would understand the concept of defence-in-depth.
               | Furrfu...
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Vaccines are both the seat belt and the airbags. Masks?
               | Those aren't even close. They are more like rain dances
               | or amulets.
               | 
               | Besides why does the government get to decide if a
               | vaccinated person has to wear a mask? Makes no sense.
               | 
               | You can add as many layers of defense as you want. Don't
               | force me to. I'm boosted. I could care less about Covid.
               | If I still have to wear a mask post shot, why the hell
               | did I even bother?
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | Tie them down and forcibly inject them then. Have some
               | courage. Quit pussy footing around with economic threats
               | and shaming.
        
               | spankalee wrote:
               | Why?
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | Because morally it's the same thing, and it would get
               | done faster and more effectively.
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | Please define what you mean by ending the pandemic.
               | 
               | > human rights violations.
               | 
               | Which ones?
        
               | alexandre_m wrote:
               | While we can argue about what are the boundaries for
               | human rights in 1st world countries, it's important to
               | know there have been some very strict and harsh policies
               | regarding Covid in different parts of the world.
               | 
               | In Quebec where I live, the unvaccinated are now barred
               | from entry in large retail stores like Walmart and
               | Costco. If you don't have your vaccine passport with you
               | that shows you're vaccinated in these places, then you
               | can't enter, even for groceries.
               | 
               | There was curfew in place that prevented everyone from
               | being outside during the evenings and nights for the most
               | part of January.
               | 
               | On top of that, the prime minister said publicly in the
               | media that the unvaccinated would start paying an
               | additional tax, even though health care is supposed to be
               | free and accessible for everyone here. The government
               | just backtracked about this the last couple of days.
               | 
               | A lot of these policies are extreme and have shown to be
               | completely incoherent and not backed by science, given
               | what we know about the virus since the last couple of
               | months.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | I have no idea what ending the pandemic means. It is a
               | stupid wooly phrase with multiple meanings, often
               | conflicting. That is why I'm unhappy about the policies
               | used to achieve it - whatever it is.
               | 
               | > Which ones?
               | 
               | Well, looking at a relevant wiki article [0] I'd say the
               | policies I know best (Australia) are bumping up against
               | the articles dealing with freedom of movement, big chunks
               | of articles 18-21 (underlining peaceful association a few
               | time), I'd argue 22-27 - I forget where 'right to earn a
               | living' is but I'm pretty confident it is in thge UDHR
               | somewhere and that is probably in 22-27.
               | 
               | At some point (and 2 years is past that point) these
               | philosophical issues like human rights start to matter.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_o
               | f_Human...
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | Why would you set up a straw man that you don't even know
               | the definition of yourself?
               | 
               | For me ending the pandemic is a return to regular life
               | and a health care system that is no longer stretched
               | beyond typical capacity. This can be achieved by many
               | outcomes but the most likely one given the state of the
               | world today is getting everyone to take the safe and
               | effective vaccine for as long as necessary.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | As with every document of this nature, some of the rights
               | outlined may conflict with each other. You wind up having
               | to reconcile those conflicts.
               | 
               | For example, Article 29:
               | 
               | > Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the
               | free and full development of his personality is possible.
               | 
               | > In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone
               | shall be subject only to such limitations as are
               | determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
               | recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of
               | others and of meeting the just requirements of morality,
               | public order and the general welfare in a democratic
               | society.
               | 
               | It's pretty easy to see vaccination and other public
               | health measures as one of these scenarios.
               | 
               | "Articles 28-30 establish... the areas in which the
               | rights of the individual cannot be applied, the duty of
               | the individual to society..."
        
             | headsoup wrote:
             | > Minimal to no real downsides
             | 
             | Yet... Guess we have up caring about full research and
             | monitoring a couple of years ago.
             | 
             | We're even at the point where we want to vaccinate our
             | small children because 'it's marginally better than
             | nothing' ignoring that side effects are also marginally
             | more than nothing and we have very little good long term
             | data.
        
             | yetanotherath wrote:
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | Haven't the older vaccines been mandated for much longer?
        
             | JacobThreeThree wrote:
             | There's never been a vaccine that was mandated in order to
             | conduct basic commerce.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Many jobs require vaccinations. In my state (and many
               | others) college students are required to have an MMR
               | vaccine to attend school. Students living in residence
               | halls also need a hepatitis vaccine.
               | 
               | Vaccines have long been required in a variety of
               | environments.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | Conducting basic commerce is not the same thing as some
               | jobs having specific job requirements.
               | 
               | Many things have been done in the past. Just because
               | something was done in the past, that doesn't
               | automatically make it the right thing to do.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | I'm not talking about the past, I'm talking about now.
               | Schools require vaccines, and required them pre-covid,
               | and that has been upheld as constitutional. (In the US)
               | From the perspective of law, it is not wrong. YMMV in
               | other countries.
               | 
               | What are your goalposts here on "basic commerce"? School
               | and many jobs seem like they should be included in that,
               | which refutes your original comment on the topic of
               | vaccine mandates for basic commerce not having precedent.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | There's never been mandates that bar you from entering
               | stores to conduct commerce, until now.
        
               | danielsju6 wrote:
               | Smallpox no? I mean it was criminal to not be vaccinated
               | in many places and upheld by courts. Seems a stronger
               | mandate to me.
        
               | JacobThreeThree wrote:
               | If you're referring to Jacobson v. Massachusetts, that
               | case was about whether the state has a right to impose a
               | fine on someone who refused to be vaccinated. A fine is
               | very different than being barred from conducting
               | commerce.
        
               | danielsju6 wrote:
               | In several states it was a criminal charge that could see
               | you fined and/or imprisoned. Having a criminal record
               | bars you from employment and commerce opportunities no?
               | 
               | I know wearing a mask and taking the bare minimum to try
               | to control a pandemic that has killed millions infringes
               | on YOUR PRECIOUS FREEDOM but it seems a reasonable trade
               | off for the state.
               | 
               | Also what restrictions to basic commerce are you facing?
               | That you can't go get wasted in a bar? Give us a break.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Prior to this pandemic, I've never needed to reveal private
             | medical history to go to a kindergartener's birthday party
             | at a venue. Have you?
             | 
             | (and the kicker was we all still needed masks anyway...
             | "science"!)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | _> Somehow there 's this idea that the Sars-CoV-2 vaccines need
         | to prevent infection or symptomatic disease but that is an
         | incredibly high bar that no respiratory viral vaccine has ever
         | met._
         | 
         | So what you're saying that Fauci, Pfizer etc. weren't just
         | wrong about the vaccine ("if you get it you won't get sick"
         | a.k.a. "science has changed as we've learned more facts") but
         | actively lied about it (after all, they of all people should
         | know that no other vaccine succeeded in that for respiratory
         | viruses).
        
           | kodah wrote:
           | I don't think we can use terms like "lie" with respect to the
           | pandemic yet, because full post-facto analysis is not done
           | yet. That analysis isn't just on people's words, it's on
           | their relationships to other people, entities, etc... You
           | also have to determine what they "know" during a given time.
           | I'm fully supportive of holding government officials
           | accountable, especially if they've enacted their own agenda,
           | but there's a time and place for such things as well as a
           | path to proving them.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | If you look back at the actual press releases and research
           | studies that Pfizer and BioNTech published about their
           | Comirnaty vaccine, they never specifically claimed that it
           | would reliably prevent infection. It was the politicians like
           | Fauci who made false claims not backed by reliable science.
           | 
           | (And to be clear, I still recommend that everyone eligible
           | get vaccinated as it's fairly effective at preventing severe
           | symptoms.)
        
       | Im_your_dada wrote:
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Back before we discovered viruses, nobody died from them (that
         | we knew of.)
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | Homo sapiens lived alongside an estimated eight now-extinct
         | species of humans. There were an unknown number of previous
         | species before that.
         | 
         | They are all extinct.
         | 
         | To answer your question, the majority did not.
        
         | JJMcJ wrote:
         | Some didn't make it.
         | 
         | Half died before the age of 5, just as an example of what
         | "some" means.
        
         | Supermancho wrote:
         | > Interesting fact that since cancer research started the
         | deaths from cancer went up by 1000%.
         | 
         | Same could be said of any deadly and widespread disease.
         | Tuberculosis, COVID, etc. This is the result of
         | expediency+improved testing, not some reverse causation.
        
         | steveylang wrote:
         | I'll take my chances with modern science and medicine, thank
         | you (even with some significant ambiguities and occasional
         | missteps (especially WRT our environment.)
         | 
         | How pre historic humans survived is like how many species
         | survive today- have a brood or litter of 10, if 3 or 4 make it
         | to breeding age to continue your line you've done well!
        
       | andrewclunn wrote:
       | > The immune response after vaccination more or less mimics what
       | happens after infection, with one major difference. In a SARS-
       | CoV-2 infection, the immune system sees the whole virus. The most
       | effective vaccines, however, are using just one viral protein to
       | elicit a response: spike. And whether antibody levels will also
       | plateau after vaccination isn't yet clear. Wherry and his
       | colleagues analysed immune responses in 61 people for 6 months
       | after their first shot, finding that antibody levels peaked about
       | a week after the second shot and then fell quickly for a couple
       | of months. After that, they declined more slowly.
       | 
       | Clearly this article's author is a conspiracy theorist and should
       | be censored for spreading misinformation.
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | What? This has been well established in the scientific
         | community for a while. No conspiracy at all here.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | It's called sarcasm. Any acknowledgement of natural immunity
           | has been deemed unscientific conspiracy theory in the
           | mainstream in the US for the past year, only accepting
           | vaccination as a solution.
        
             | kenjackson wrote:
             | That doesn't make sense. A major discussion in the public
             | since Covid caught on was about herd immunity -- and that
             | infection would drive some of this. Maybe the concern is
             | that we aren't inclusive of natural immunity in our
             | policies. But that is purely an issue of bureaucratic
             | process (for example, there should be no false positives in
             | administering a vaccine) and incentives (we don't want
             | people to try to get infected since infected people can
             | transmit the virus), not any statement about the science
             | related to natural immunity.
        
               | freebuju wrote:
               | To be fair, the herd immunity idea was floated around
               | quite early in beginning of the pandemic. But it was
               | quickly thrown out when governments saw the infection
               | rates and deaths spike up. Ever since, vaccination has
               | been the dominant (hammer) solution for the virus.
               | (Vaccination) Has been the background track for this
               | pandemic and still is to date. Natural immunity is only
               | coming back because Omicron is not as deadly as the
               | previous strains. It was never an option before.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Exactly. The incentives didn't line up for natural
               | immunity as a course for herd immunity. It wasn't about
               | the science, but policy. And it was never an argument
               | about the science (besides science trying to understand
               | the delta between different types of immunity, including
               | different types of vaccines and natural immunity). That's
               | why I'm perplexed about the "conspiracy" talk. No more
               | than there's a conspiracy about wine consumption in the
               | US.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | It doesn't make sense if you are actually following the
               | science and not The Science like politicians are. Over
               | 2021, natural immunity was dropped so hard in the US that
               | the vaccine passports/requirements popping up here make
               | no allowances for recovery from covid - it's vaccination
               | or nothing.
        
             | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
             | I remember I read Randall Munroe's What If to my daughter a
             | few years ago and there was a chapter about the common
             | cold. The conclusion was was that eliminating it was
             | impractical for economic reasons - we couldn't have
             | survived a global lockdown, and the virus mutates too fast
             | to create an efficient vaccine. It felt a bit surreal
             | seeing testing the scenarios described by Munroe in
             | practice.
        
           | gnerkus wrote:
           | I think OP was being sarcastic.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't post this sort of flamewar comment to HN,
         | regardless of what your views are or how right you feel they
         | are.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | alexk307 wrote:
         | how so?
        
           | [deleted]
        
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