[HN Gopher] Can a $310M startup avoid due diligence?
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       Can a $310M startup avoid due diligence?
        
       Author : svgossip
       Score  : 284 points
       Date   : 2022-02-07 17:47 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (svgossip.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (svgossip.substack.com)
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | Sure, why not? Who cares about due diligence? We're deep into the
       | silly-season of the market.
       | 
       | Supposedly Tether has been given $75 billion and nobody's asking
       | any tough questions, so what's a few hundred million between
       | friends?
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-10-07/crypto-my...
        
       | htrp wrote:
       | > But a16z is typically known for breaking out the checkbook for
       | follow-on funding the instant their investments are showing signs
       | of success. What happened here?
       | 
       | I think the problem becomes that because VC is such an insular
       | environment, no VC firm wants to be caught talking about how
       | portfolio company isn't successful. As a result, they'll politely
       | decline to lead follow-on rounds, but still allowing the startup
       | to tout the investment from top tier VC firm as social proof for
       | the next round.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Of course they can. It happens all the time, FOMO is a powerful
       | drug.
        
       | skeeter2020 wrote:
       | "Solving Human Coordination"
       | 
       | 50M must buy a lot of Kool-Aid
        
       | woodruffw wrote:
       | Sagas like these succinctly demonstrate the moral hazard of
       | cryptocurrencies and other forms of organized faithless financial
       | activity: we're all idly speculating on the next fool's
       | willingness to buy into the scheme. There is no incentive for
       | honest action (or innovation, for that matter), and there
       | _cannot_ be until there is ample regulation.
       | 
       | I don't have overwhelming amounts of sympathy for the accredited
       | investors who buy into these schemes at petty individual scales,
       | but I _do_ have sympathy for the honest employers and employees
       | trying to survive in a faithless economy.
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
       | villgax wrote:
       | You could say the same for Pixis/Pyxis One/AbsentiaVR or whatever
       | else they try to rebrand themselves as now.
       | 
       | An IT-outsourcing company focusing on new tech just gets passed
       | around as some AI SaaS tool, without having any public docs or
       | advocacy. The shadiest part is how they've raised $124mn from
       | Softbank, General Atlantic et al & yet nobody knows any
       | financials.
       | 
       | For a Bangalore based company they sure did spin up new origin
       | stories like California based etc at every round, hype like 200
       | "self evolving networks" etc. Half of their marketing copies
       | mention existing tools & the other half says they are yet to
       | build said tools.
        
       | erulabs wrote:
       | Amazingly, my startup (KubeSail.com YCS19) has similar revenue,
       | has raised 500x less, and we've been told point blank that
       | "nobody wants to invest in a hardware company", or "yes, but
       | what's the path to 100B".
       | 
       | Hey maybe we don't have any path to 100B (is 1B just for
       | chumps?), and maybe our margins aren't B2E-style 99%, but I'd
       | much rather be making something people want rather than...
       | 
       | And then I hear my wifes voice in my head: "You can't pay
       | yourself that little forever...". Maybe _I 'm_ the fool.
       | 
       | Strange world.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | brendonjohn wrote:
         | There's clearly been a lot of thought put into KubeSail, the
         | platform & pibox provisioning service looks interesting.
         | 
         | Have you had businesses try to make this part of an internal
         | provisioning process?
         | 
         | It looks like you're aiming for hobbyists, but I'd take a guess
         | you could be integrating with businesses at a premium.
        
         | obventio56 wrote:
         | The VC model has to consider the expectation that most
         | investments will be a complete loss. To have even a hope of
         | ~20% return every investment has to have a path to $xxxB.
         | Otherwise it's not worth including.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | Yes, this is a huge misunderstanding of where the returns
           | from VC come from. It does not come from "moderate success".
           | That's hopeless, given the fail rate.
           | 
           | If you have a safe path to 20% or even 100% returns, just get
           | a loan. There's absolutely not point in the VC process at
           | that level... or reason for them to exist.
        
         | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
         | I might get downvoted for saying this, but rich people aren't
         | necessarily smarter than anyone else. They're just richer.
         | 
         | Undoubtedly, there are many successful founders with talent and
         | brains that were able to exit successfully, and to those
         | people, kudos. But a tremendous amount of immense family wealth
         | is controlled by people that are in no way, shape or form
         | smarter or more talented than the average person. Their wealth
         | just demands an unhealthy amount of control and influence in
         | whatever it is they're investing, regardless of how
         | knowledgeable they are.
         | 
         | I saw it in multi-family real estate about 5 years ago. A
         | multi-family property company I was associated with was making
         | an absolute killing (and still are) when all of a sudden,
         | leadership wanted to start investing in AI because their
         | investors demanded them to.
         | 
         | They signed a massive deal with a custom software shop to build
         | them an AI tool to decide which properties to buy, and the
         | entire project was an absolute joke. It wasn't AI of any kind,
         | it was just a dashboard that pulled data from various real
         | estate APIs for things like walkability score, etc. But they
         | showed their investors and called it "AI", who absolutely loved
         | it, not knowing at all what actually was, partially because
         | these execs were old school real estate guys that didn't
         | understand themselves what the tool really was either. They
         | raised millions more for their next fund, and the whole time
         | I'm wondering how what this company was doing wasn't
         | fraudulent.
         | 
         | In the end, it didn't even matter, the next fund performed
         | incredibly well and at the following Christmas party, one of
         | the employees involved in the project received a $50k Escalade
         | as a gift to reflect the success of the "AI" project.
         | 
         | I will never again assume that just because someone has a ton
         | of money knows anything about they're talking about.
        
           | doctor_eval wrote:
           | I am unable to talk about specifics - but I can 100% endorse
           | this comment. Would add management consultants to the list as
           | well.
        
           | femto wrote:
           | I once worked with someone who went from "not rich" to
           | "rich", who also ending up in a senior position at Cisco
           | where he had the authority to spend lots of money.
           | 
           | His observation was that a "normal" person has to work hard
           | to find ways to make money. A person with lots of money to
           | spend has people queuing at their door, offering ways to make
           | even more money. It becomes a case of picking the best
           | opportunities from the menu.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "I will never again assume that just because someone has a
           | ton of money knows anything about they're talking about."
           | 
           | Well, apparently they did know, how to increase their
           | avaiable money. And this is what matters to most people, not
           | solving real problems. The problem seems, that those 2 things
           | are not really aligned often.
        
             | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
             | The thing is that it's so much easier to make money when
             | you have it. It's not even necessarily that rich people
             | just know innately how to make money, it's more like they
             | just have access to many more people who do know how to
             | invest.
             | 
             | Any schmo can open a Wealthfront account with no minimum
             | balance that returns somewhere in the realm of retail
             | investment returns, but only people with obscene amounts of
             | money can go invest in the real estate firms like the one I
             | referenced, which return many times more to the investors
             | than anything in retail would. That firm was returning many
             | multiples above anything you could invest in on the retail
             | side. So having a million dollars to put into these kinds
             | of firms winds up making so much more percentage-wise than
             | the tens of thousands that I can put into my retirement
             | account. It's a self-perpetuating system that allows the
             | wealthy to continue out-earning everyone else. That's how
             | wealth inequality works in a nutshell.
             | 
             | I could give you the name of the firm so you too would know
             | how to make that kind of money. Only, you wouldn't be able
             | to without being able to make the minimum required
             | investment. It's not that they have some secret knowledge
             | about making money, it's that they can buy access to the
             | high-return investment firms that you and I just can't.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | > The thing is that it's so much easier to make money
               | when you have it.
               | 
               | So true. My rich uncle once told me "The hardest million
               | I made was my first million". Then you look at how the
               | banking system works: the more money you have in the
               | bank, the more money the bank pays you. But if you don't
               | have enough money in the bank, then the bank charges you.
               | So it's actually more expensive to be poor than it is to
               | be rich, and the richer you are, the faster you become
               | richer.
               | 
               | It's as if you're first place in Mario Kart, and all you
               | get are stars, while the last place car keeps getting
               | banana peels that they then slip on. Not a very fun game,
               | but that's life.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "But if you don't have enough money in the bank, then the
               | bank charges you. So it's actually more expensive to be
               | poor than it is to be rich, and the richer you are, the
               | faster you become richer."
               | 
               | Not only banking, everything is more expensive, when you
               | are poor.
               | 
               | Miss a payment, because the money was gone before the end
               | of month? You still have to pay it fully, plus fees.
               | 
               | Can only afford a old car? Pay more with repairs and tax.
               | 
               | You need money but have low bank reputation? Pay way
               | higher interest rate - if you are lucky to even get the
               | loan.
               | 
               | You get screwed over, but cannot afford a lawyer? Bad
               | luck.
               | 
               | Etc. etc.
        
           | pmorici wrote:
           | Does it matter what it was if it helped them pick good real
           | estate investments?
        
             | varispeed wrote:
             | If it becomes a bad choice you can blame the AI not
             | yourself. That's the whole point.
        
           | MegaButts wrote:
           | > I might get downvoted for saying this, but rich people
           | aren't necessarily smarter than anyone else. They're just
           | richer.
           | 
           | You'd have to be an idiot to think otherwise.
        
             | floodyberry- wrote:
             | You're literally on the "rich people are better than" site
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | irthomasthomas wrote:
             | Juicero
             | 
             | Theranos
             | 
             | ZERA food recycler
             | 
             | Nikola electric truck
             | 
             | What are your favourites?
        
               | danjac wrote:
               | Re: Theranos - to give Henry Kissinger and the other very
               | old rich guys the benefit of the doubt, perhaps Elizabeth
               | Holmes is just a Bene Gesserit using the Voice to get
               | them to hand over their money?
        
             | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
             | I look at how the ultra-wealthy are lionized in the US and
             | genuinely wonder sometimes. It's amazing what we'll let
             | those people get away with because we too want to join the
             | exclusive club of high net worth individuals.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | > I look at how the ultra-wealthy are lionized in the US
               | and...
               | 
               | I look at the ultra-wealthy make a diagnosis of obsessive
               | compulsive disorder
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Interestingly, when I look at the top 5 richest people on
               | the planet, I don't think any are optimizing for wealth.
        
               | forbiddenvoid wrote:
               | They are not optimizing for wealth... anymore. It's easy
               | to shift your priorities once you are overwhelmed with a
               | resource you could not possibly use all of.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | I think I would describe Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk etc...
               | as optimizing for making their companies succeed in the
               | end, not optimizing for wealth.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | I sometimes wonder how much the fact that I'd stop
               | _trying_ to make more money at like $25m savings--and
               | maybe sooner--is a factor in my not having that much
               | money in the first place. Like I 'm not saying that's all
               | or even most of the reason, but I do wonder if the
               | running-up-the-score attitude is itself valuable for
               | making any decent amount of money in the first place.
        
               | qnsi wrote:
               | what do u need 25mil for? Seems arbitrary. With 7.5m u
               | can have 300k/y income from stock invested without
               | lowering your net worth. Seems more than enough for
               | anyone
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | Yeah that's why I threw in "maybe sooner". $25m _is_ a
               | bit arbitrary but is also somewhere around the point at
               | which I 'd have to start _trying_ to waste money before I
               | 'd risk touching principal. That's "never think about
               | money again, even a little" territory, for me (but then I
               | don't want a yacht or any of that), so at the top end of
               | the range in which I could see myself deciding never to
               | work again.
               | 
               | Also, $7.5m is still low enough to be threatened by
               | healthcare costs and end-of-life care and such (x2 for a
               | couple, plus if a kid gets very sick before they're out,
               | or even after but you don't want them to be ruined by it,
               | et c). Not enough to wipe it out, probably, but enough to
               | diminish it substantially if you get a bad roll of the
               | dice. I wouldn't even need _that_ much to stop having any
               | motivation to try to make more, if I lived somewhere with
               | decent universal healthcare where having your savings
               | eaten by the healthcare /hospice-care industry is
               | practically unheard of.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | If you did intelligence tests on 1000 American centi-
             | millionaires and 1000 randomly selected Americans, do you
             | think the difference in scores would be undetectable?
        
               | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
               | Yes, because a tremendous amount of wealth is inherited.
               | The idea that the vast majority of wealthy Americans are
               | self-made is a myth.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | 80% of US millionaires are first generation.
               | 
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
               | srv/style/longterm/books/c....
        
               | nsv wrote:
               | Big difference between millionaire and centi-millionaire
               | or billionaire though. You can save a million dollars
               | just by making the median American salary and making
               | large contributions to your 401k over 40 years, due to
               | the power of compound interest.
        
               | majani wrote:
               | Inheritance doesn't start and stop at money. There are
               | other inherited traits that may influence the scores of
               | the people in the study.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | The majority of people world wide are, by that definition,
             | idiots.
        
           | Cyril_HN wrote:
           | > I might get downvoted for saying this, but rich people
           | aren't necessarily smarter than anyone else. They're just
           | richer.
           | 
           | ... ish?
           | 
           | Generally speaking, rich people may not be smarter than
           | anyone else but they probably aren't dumber. In other words,
           | they are likely to be making fewer mistakes and taking more
           | favourable risks, even if they aren't particularly any more
           | likely to spot an extraordinary opportunity.
        
             | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
             | > Generally speaking, rich people may not be smarter than
             | anyone else but they probably aren't dumber.
             | 
             | You're kind of proving my point here though by making the
             | argument that rich people probably just make better
             | decisions than the working class. It's not really about
             | making better decisions as it is about having access to
             | better financial opportunities that others don't have. As I
             | stated elsewhere, the real estate firm I described offered
             | massive returns that you could not dream of getting in
             | retail investment situation, but it required a minimum $1M
             | investment, which obviously excludes most people.
             | 
             | I could give you the name of the firm so you too could know
             | how to make that crazy money, but if you don't have the
             | million, you're SOL. It has nothing to do with how smart
             | you are, it has everything to do with how much money you
             | have.
        
         | dougSF70 wrote:
         | I have a similar feeling. I must be the fool for not raising
         | capital while money is so cheap, especially when I see firms
         | raising 7 figures with no revenue nor even a product.
        
         | agentdrtran wrote:
         | How does this differ from competitors outside of backups being
         | included?
        
         | rossmohax wrote:
         | I went on your page, and it looks like I am your target
         | audience - relatively tech savvy, want to ungoogle myself,
         | ready to pay for convenience of doing so, yet I got confused
         | quickly.
         | 
         | 1. What do you sell? Hardware or some kind of management
         | software? Looks like latter, then why there is image of PiBox
         | all over the page?
         | 
         | 2. What is cluster? Is it a single PiBox/another Linux or
         | something more? Word "cluster" implies to me there are many
         | somethings grouped, what are these somethings?
         | 
         | 3. Price plans mention proxied traffic. What it is and how does
         | it fit into big picture?
         | 
         | 4. I signed up, clicked add cluster -> "Bring YourOwn" and
         | nothing changes, it still offers me to buy PiBox with shipping
         | date in July(!! I know it's not your fault, but damn). How do I
         | add my own "cluster" (whatever it is)?
         | 
         | 5. Once logged in, I can't get to the homepage anymore, it is
         | all dashboard now.
        
           | erulabs wrote:
           | Hi! Thanks for your feedback!
           | 
           | 1. We sell both hardware and software, although our software
           | works with almost any computer that runs Linux - it doesn't
           | require our hardware and can run on anything that can run
           | Kubernetes. Obviously, this is somewhat "the deep end" for
           | many users, so our PiBox comes plug-n-play ready.
           | 
           | 2. Cluster is a Kubernetes term, which we really should stop
           | using, although we have a core value of educating instead of
           | shielding our users - so we've tried to keep the "upstream"
           | terminology as much as we can. It simply means "one or more
           | Linux servers". Most of our customers simply run one machine
           | as their "cluster", but a small handful have dozens of
           | machines in the same group.
           | 
           | 3. We're trying to bundle everything that's needed to host
           | apps and websites at home. For most users, home internet
           | connections aren't very good for this - the IP address
           | changes often, and sometimes ISPs do not even allow port 80
           | or 443 to be exposed to the internet - we solve this by
           | proxying traffic directly to your cluster, bypassing
           | firewalls and avoiding the need for port-forwarding, router
           | configuration, etc. This means you can plug in a PiBox,
           | install, say, PhotoStructure, and access
           | `photos.home.erulabs.k8g8.com` (for example), without needing
           | to know anything at all about networking or firewalls or DNS.
           | We also offer backups, as another example of trying to make
           | home-hosting "complete".
           | 
           | 4. Ack! I broke this last night! Thank you for pointing that
           | out, fixed now!
           | 
           | 5. You can click "home" in the footer, but yes, some polish
           | there would be nice... One day we'll hire a proper designer
           | ;)
           | 
           | Thank you for the feedback, very much appreciated.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Oh that's neat, I had almost exactly that startup idea years
         | ago, but it never got any further than describing it to some
         | friends over a beer. Looks like you created something pretty
         | cool!
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | Here's a massively oversimplified and harsh view, but maybe
         | useful to contrast different ends of the spectrum:
         | 
         | 1. Get VC style investment, become unicorn, pay yourself
         | 500-1000k a year immediately, ride the roller-coaster. Ending =
         | derail ? feel burned, but have some dosh to show for it,
         | possibly swallowing feelings of contempt towards investors due
         | to overriding decision that forced you to watch your baby burn
         | : Homerun, now watch everything you worked for be monetised
         | into a souleless husk of it's innocent beginnings, you can't
         | help but feel you sold out, quit once you had enough, dosh to
         | show for it.
         | 
         | 2. No investors, go the hard way, grow slow. If you make the
         | right decisions, you will be able to afford to gradually
         | increase your salary to something modest, and eventually
         | perhaps even "good", you maintain full control of your product
         | and peace of mind of ownership and decision making. OR, you
         | keep making the wrong decisions, you burn through all your
         | money, possibly burn through your enthusiasm too if you don't
         | know when to quit.
         | 
         | #1 can be risky for the soul 2# can be risky for the pocket
         | 
         | If you aren't very materialistic and don't want expensive toys,
         | #2 can be quite attractive because of the sanity you are able
         | to create for your everyday worklife... the other thing is that
         | just because it isn't a 100B business idea, doesn't mean it
         | isn't a good business idea, it might just have a different
         | scale, maybe it can't pay 10k workers and a pile of investors,
         | but it could pay pay 10 or 100 people with the same salary,
         | minus all the corporate BS... it just takes longer to get
         | there. VCs want relatively quick money, but that is only
         | applicable to certain ideas that can reach a certain scale,
         | even then it comes at a non monetary cost that can be hard to
         | stomach.
        
         | Zhenya wrote:
         | Tried to check out your site, 'clicked start for free' on the
         | homepage but got:
         | 
         | "Bad request"
         | 
         | Can I learn more?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | erulabs wrote:
           | Heh, maybe _thats_ why we don't have a 300M valuation! I
           | shouldn't comment on HN _while deploys go out_. Fix going out
           | currently, thank you!
        
             | catlifeonmars wrote:
             | Or maybe commenting on HN is a good way to get free user
             | acceptance testing. Comment on every deployment!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | bhelkey wrote:
         | I went to your homepage. So I can pay for a server to run
         | backups and apps? The problem is that I have heard of exactly 0
         | of the apps you highlighted.
         | 
         | Excluding backups, essentially the pitch is, 'Pay us money to
         | run a server to serve apps you have never heard of.' Are
         | Element, Jellyfin, NextCloud things you expect your target
         | customers to know about?
         | 
         | My perception is that Plex is moderately well known, I suggest
         | you highlight that.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I work for Google, all opinions are my own.
        
           | bhelkey wrote:
           | > KubeSail Platform allows you to provision software when
           | your customers signup and pay. Spin up cloud resources on-
           | demand, or physically ship your customers a plug-n-play
           | device.
           | 
           | I may have misunderstood, this appears to be B2B?
           | 
           | Edit: I went on the blog. My current understanding is:
           | 
           | "KubeSail" is the physical box (some sort of pi with a sata
           | adapter).
           | 
           | "KubeSail Templates" is some standardized wrapper around
           | opensource cloud software.
           | 
           | "KubeSail Platform" is some sort of B2B deployment platform
           | for the open source wrappers.
        
         | lmilcin wrote:
         | It is.
         | 
         | Everybody just focuses on two possible outcomes that are easy
         | to define -- what is the probability it goes bust and what is
         | probability it is going to add a letter to FAANG.
         | 
         | I think the answer is laziness. If you invest money you
         | shouldn't care much about the size of the company you are
         | investing. From a purely financial point of view should be
         | looking at return on your investment where return is defined as
         | an integral over all possible future payouts adjusted for their
         | probability and adjusted for your risk tolerance.
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | >I think the answer is laziness.
           | 
           | If an investor wasn't lazy they wouldn't be an investor and
           | have a real full time job, OR they would be Jason Calacanis.
           | 
           | I'm not saying that they are bad people, I totally understand
           | the appeal of getting a cushy, but potentially profitable
           | job.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | Apologies in advance for providing unsolicited feedback...
         | 
         | When I go to a landing page, I expect to be given a reason to
         | give the company my money. (And in fact I'm _hoping_ to be
         | convinced of that, because it means my life is better.) I
         | visited your landing page and do not know what problem you are
         | claiming to solve. It looks like a competitor for Digital
         | Ocean, but DO is easier to use and just as cheap. IMO your
         | landing page should make me say  "I want to give them my money
         | so I don't have to think about [problem] again."
        
           | erulabs wrote:
           | No need to apologize, I appreciate the feedback! I tweak our
           | little initial landing page pitch lines all the time, and I
           | feel like the current state is pretty bad. I'll see if I
           | can't improve it :)
        
       | henriquez wrote:
       | in b4 libel lawsuit
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | What statement or two in this writeup could be proven false in
         | a libel suit?
        
       | caust1c wrote:
       | Is this the new valleywag? Someone needs to be the new
       | whistleblower with a hint of sarcasm. Hope this is it!
        
       | dheera wrote:
       | I mean, as long as you go to work on time, and don't slack off,
       | you've been duly diligent.
        
       | mrintellectual wrote:
       | > You can pay yourself a "market salary" of $500,000/yr+. You can
       | use the money as a piggy bank for flights, hotels, Uber Black,
       | and other travel expenses.
       | 
       | This is just downright false. The founders alone do not decide
       | C-suite compensation - that's reserved for the board of directors
       | (which should be a combination of one or more founders plus other
       | individuals selected by the investors). Travel expenses and other
       | "piggy bank spending" would also have to be reported in quarterly
       | or yearly financial reports to the shareholders.
       | 
       | If what this article says is true, the investors deserve just as
       | much blame as the founder.
        
       | exogeny wrote:
       | I'm also interested in the Quixey story -- how can a company
       | raise >$100mm without ever releasing a product? What happened
       | there?
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | Ask Magic Leap.
        
         | sulam wrote:
         | Hey, at least the founder is fluent in "Hebew".
        
         | ddp26 wrote:
         | I'm curious too, as there were some early LessWrong folks
         | working there, IIRC. I used to walk by their office in Mountain
         | View.
         | 
         | This article discusses what went wrong with their finances, but
         | doesn't discuss what happened with the product (app search, app
         | deep-linking): https://www.axios.com/behind-the-fall-of-
         | quixey-1513301224-0...
        
       | missedthecue wrote:
       | Lernout & Hauspie was a dotcom era fraud that attracted
       | investments from several major players, including a $45 million
       | investment from Microsoft and millions more from Intel and the
       | Belgian government. At one point, it was valued at $10B.
       | 
       | They claimed to have solved real time speech recognition and
       | translation, and claimed to have over $300M in annual revenues.
       | None of that was true. Their speech recognition software did not
       | work, and they had very little revenue. Their management went to
       | prison and it was one of the biggest financial frauds in modern
       | European history at the time.
        
         | mattkrause wrote:
         | My impression was that Lernout & Hauspie had had decent--for
         | the time--technology: they bought Dragon (admittedly in a shady
         | deal), PowerScribe, and a few other "real" companies. It was
         | certainly rougher than people might have desired, but this is
         | the first time I've heard they didn't have any actual products.
         | 
         | I thought its downfall was more related to straight-up
         | accounting fraud, with fake sales, hidden loans, etc.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, they did have a product and the parties that acquired
           | the assets at bankruptcy firesale prices did rather well.
        
             | ar7hur wrote:
             | I think Nuance bought most of the assets. And 20 years
             | later MSFT bought Nuance. Full circle!
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Like you mention, they acquired legitimate companies, but as
           | far as I can gather, their own tech was fraudulent through
           | and through. This is an account of someone who went on a
           | roadshow with the Lernout & Hauspie sales team in the 1990s.
           | 
           | " _They had this room with a whole wall of computers and you
           | talked into a microphone and the computers would do the
           | speech recognition. Then they put your sample through a
           | translation program, and the program would convert it to
           | another language. They were demonstrating the Holy Grail of
           | speech recognition in 1999. It turned out all that was done
           | by a man behind the curtain, literally the Wizard of Oz. The
           | man behind the curtain just typed it in; everything else was
           | an illusion._ "
           | 
           | From page 37 of this columbia.edu PDF.
           | 
           | https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/valueinvesting/sites/valueinve.
           | ..
        
       | james_pm wrote:
       | TIL my daughter is Barbicide Certified! Who knew. I'm not
       | kidding. I put my last name in lookup.merits.com and her record
       | came up. I think it's actually correct as she did take some
       | courses on cosmetology in high school.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Despite the weird name, the company is somewhat well known
         | amongst hairdressers/beauticians - my wife's a hairdresser and
         | I'd heard of them. They were one of a few companies doing
         | online courses in hygiene, PPE, covid safety, etc. who came
         | along at exactly the right time for the pandemic.
        
       | igorrek wrote:
       | Reminds me of the famous Wolf of Wall Street scene with M.
       | McConaughey:
       | 
       | "Keep the client on the Ferris wheel, and it goes, the park is
       | open 24/7, 365, every decade, every goddamn century. That's it.
       | Name of the game."
        
       | ModernMech wrote:
       | I have to admit, for a long time I thought that Barbicide is what
       | you call it when a barber is murdered.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | What I don't get is how some people have found the capital
       | fountain but others haven't, and it seems to have nothing to do
       | with whether the businesses are actually working.
       | 
       | A friend of mine runs a fashion business that has worked with
       | actual A-list celebrities, yet turns away orders because they
       | lack the cash to make the stuff.
       | 
       | Others have had a hard time getting appointments with VCs to show
       | their deck, and others have had a tough time getting those that
       | are in touch to put any money in.
       | 
       | But in the news it's story upon story about firms getting piles
       | of money thrown at them. What's more is several of the ones I
       | know about have pretty much nothing for a business, and due
       | diligence would reveal it.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | The VC model is all about making a lot of huge risky bets in
         | the hopes that at least one of them will pay off. So you don't
         | need an actual business that's making real money. That doesn't
         | fit into the VC model. What you need is a story about how your
         | business will be as big as Google or Facebook. That's what VCs
         | are buying.
         | 
         | So if you come to them with a pitch for a business with solid
         | fundamentals and a clear map to profit, they will not be
         | interested. Why? Because even if you deliver 100% on your
         | promise, it won't be enough for them to recoup the bets they
         | made on a dozen other risky ventures. If you hit it out of the
         | park, you better be on target to be a billion dollar unicorn.
         | Otherwise, what's the point? They need to make up the millions
         | upon millions of dollars they've been betting.
         | 
         | In that sense, it's much better to have a story about a juicer
         | that will be sold to billions of people and replace the concept
         | of juice as we know it. Or to have a story about how you will
         | revolutionize the world of medical testing even though the
         | technology is science fiction. VCs don't care, they just want a
         | story. All this talk about due diligence is them trying to feel
         | better about their bets. Really if your idea was sound it
         | wouldn't be something VCs would find interesting in the first
         | place (because then it would be obvious and therefore not
         | valuable to the tune of billions).
        
           | x0x0 wrote:
           | If you look at Theranos, the major funding sources were _not_
           | traditional vcs.
           | 
           | Total investment: $724m, approx. Waltons: $150m, Rupert
           | Murdoch: $121m, Cox family: $100m, DeVos family: $100m,
           | Carlos Slim: $30m, etc. I count at least $559m from non-vc
           | sources [1].
           | 
           | And then you have hedge funds like Partner Fund Management:
           | $96m. Whether you consider them a traditional vc or not, per
           | their lawsuit, Theranos faked blood test results. I guess you
           | can blame them, but I'm not sure how much duedil is going to
           | catch wholesale fraud.
           | 
           | MedVenture, a vc, did due diligence and didn't invest. GV
           | turned them down.
           | 
           | VCs certainly didn't make Walgreens not do duedil before
           | partnering with Theranos. etc.
           | 
           | I don't think Theranos is proof that vcs are, as a class,
           | incompetent and just want a story.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-cost-business-and-
           | gove...
        
         | lmeyerov wrote:
         | Different things.
         | 
         | - Hard to scale a celebrity fashion business in practice and as
         | a story. A family friend started a successful jewelry company
         | popular w/ Hollywood types and it's growing great, just nothing
         | like Splunk, Notion, SpaceX, etc. There are outliers here - why
         | everyone loved D2C co's like Dollar Shave Club - but gotta fit
         | that growth model.
         | 
         | - Much of VC is largely story driven and, at least in b2b,
         | rides a delegated sales/marketing motion (vs product/tech ROI
         | motion). Once the first big money is in (pure pitch), there's a
         | funny treadmill. Each round gets spent on artificially pumping
         | numbers (big marketing, big sales, ...) enough to hit the next
         | round before the money runs out. As long the #'s match what
         | looks good in a deck, the co is largely good. However, most
         | investors don't actually do truly deep diligence to identify
         | whether the core is hollow, just that if there's enough that in
         | 18mo + 36mo there's a good enough story on getting a bigger
         | investor in. That can easily be something like "ignoring
         | company quality, is there any sort of market demand here?" Each
         | startup has issues and VCs often have surprisingly little time
         | (ex: read up on Tiger), and you only hear about the Yes's and
         | not the Passes (startups just need 1-2 Yes's), so not
         | surprising to see some dumb/ok-money float in. So 7 years and
         | $100M+ of funding later, sales/marketing-driven customers
         | probably start churning out and the leads are burned, and
         | oops... but maybe it's ok and they've exited. Bringing back to
         | the founders, it's not that they're building a great company,
         | but that they can sell that story and delegate operations to
         | the 'adults' (sales/marketing/engineering) who keep the facade
         | alive through the hollow growth of an otherwise busted product.
         | There's probably a similarly unsatisfying set of common stories
         | for consumer co's ;-)
        
       | DethNinja wrote:
       | Yeah, if you got "deep" connections, you definitely can avoid due
       | diligence.
       | 
       | Where do you think all that printed money during pandemic
       | actually went? Only a minuscule amount was given to plebs, rest
       | goes to shady startups and gets diluted.
       | 
       | Such evaluations also make naive founders believe that they can
       | get a similar amount. If you aren't in the club, you won't ever
       | see a dime of this funny money.
        
         | sjtindell wrote:
         | That doesn't seem right. Projects now are significantly more
         | developed than they used to be, although scams still abound. In
         | the early days I bought something called Hobonickels and it
         | went up 5,000%. It was literally a copy/paste with a changed
         | name. Today the projects have roadmaps, teams, and products
         | that release. They do more auditing, both security and
         | financial. Because the market has demanded it, not some
         | regulatory body.
        
       | mceoin wrote:
       | Is there any evidence that Kagan took money off the table or paid
       | himself an outsized salary, or hired his friends on exaggerated
       | salaries, or used the startup's funds as his piggybank?
       | 
       | Similarly, the article conflates A16Z leading the seed round but
       | not the follow on round as being some kind of smell. A16Z
       | certainly do lead follow-on rounds, but it isn't the norm. (It
       | would be interesting to know if they exercised pro-rata or not,
       | but even that isn't necessarily indicative of anything.)
       | 
       | I don't know if there is or isn't fraud here, but the only
       | evidence seems to be that Kagan was good at fundraising, raise a
       | lot in a frothy market on little traction, and did not succeed at
       | building the product or a successful business.
       | 
       | One of the best things about the tech ecosystem is the lack of
       | stigma around failure. I hope people don't lose sight of that as
       | round sizes and valuations spike.
        
         | qnsi wrote:
         | there is small proof of fraud though. I am now writing from
         | memory but they claim they have many clients when their own
         | search shows they have only few small clients.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | Likely a16z exercised their pro-rata as a16z is also listed in
         | their Series B on Crunchbase along with the seed.
         | 
         | There are any number of reasons a lead investor in your seed
         | doesn't lead your Series B, and there is no way to know a16z
         | did not want to lead in the first place. A different fund may
         | give a larger check/different terms/ a partner you want on
         | board and you may accept that instead etc.
         | 
         | There are many companies with outsized valuations that do not
         | justify the revenue or any other metric, it is neither new to
         | this wave (or even the dotcom wave) nor is it all that
         | uncommon. On the surface it doesn't look like there is anything
         | out of ordinary Kagan has done yet.
         | 
         | It is high risk industry after all, if investors put strong
         | filtering criteria then they risk loosing on deals which were
         | actually legitimate or became legit with funding, it is risk
         | VCs are quite aware of and willing to take.
         | 
         | A Buyer should be beware of what he is getting into,
         | accreditation is a thin shield,With Increasing SPAC listings
         | and inflated markets even public listing won't protect them
         | from early stage startup shenanigans these days companies like
         | Nikola (anyone can invest ) do exist.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > Similarly, the article conflates A16Z leading the seed round
         | but not the follow on round as being some kind of smell.
         | 
         | Typically everybody _wants_ a new investor to lead the next
         | round. A completely inside round is usually a sign that a
         | company is in trouble (though it could mean the deal is so
         | sweet the insiders don't want to share).
         | 
         | As in investor, a newcomer is reassuring that you aren't simply
         | in love with the business.
         | 
         | And for management, investors, and of board, someone new
         | setting a price guarantees that the new price wasn't determined
         | on some sweetheart basis.
        
       | jiveturkey wrote:
       | I'm kind of more interested in "SV Gossip".
       | 
       | "Launched 2 hours ago". Can't look at other articles without
       | subscribing.
        
         | er4hn wrote:
         | I'm not sure if they have other articles. When I look at their
         | Archive I just see this one.
         | 
         | Maybe this is their MVP?
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | _> "While the investors listed above can take care of themselves,
       | unfortunately, invitations to invest were also extended to small-
       | time individual angel investors. Thousands of AngelList members
       | were invited to invest personal checks ranging from $2,000 to
       | $20,000+ via the mailing lists of multiple syndicates."_
       | 
       | It's worth noting that any US person investing this way is
       | required to be an accredited investor, which is another way of
       | saying they've proven they can afford to lose that $20k (or
       | whatever they're putting in).
       | 
       | The accredited investor rules in USA seem draconian, but if it
       | weren't for them, we'd be absolutely drowning in fake tech
       | companies taking money from retail investors. (Today those fakes
       | are in crypto, where you can pretend your investment offering is
       | a utility token or maybe a donation to a revolutionary DAO that
       | just happens to issue tradeable crypto-tokens in return, and hide
       | behind pseudonyms to make it harder for SEC to find you
       | eventually.)
        
         | sjtindell wrote:
         | Where is the line of personal responsibility? Fraud should be
         | prosecuted. Isn't that the protection? These are laws that
         | ensure only the rich can get richer. Terrible. Literally a law
         | that says "you're too stupid, we're protecting you".
        
           | thethimble wrote:
           | The fact that laws prevent people from doing things that
           | would cause them harm is a feature, not a bug.
           | 
           | The accreditation requirements are not absurdly stringent (eg
           | $200k annual income). I think there's a clear argument that
           | people who do not meet those requirements can neither
           | accurately judge the risk of their prospective investments
           | nor afford to lose their investment (high likelihood). The
           | current crypto markets are perfectly bearing this line of
           | thinking out.
           | 
           | Retail investors are free to invest in public companies where
           | there are significantly more fraud protections in place.
        
             | thethimble wrote:
             | Also note that the SEC has recently (2016) relaxed rules on
             | equity crowdfunding to allow retail investors more access
             | to such deals while also mitigating some components of risk
             | or fraud:
             | 
             | https://www.sec.gov/smallbusiness/exemptofferings/regcrowdf
             | u...
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | > Fraud should be prosecuted. Isn't that the protection?
           | 
           | While throwing a (likely bankrupt) fraudster in jail might be
           | emotionally satisfying, it doesn't get your money back.
           | 
           | These laws are aimed at protecting 87-year-old Aunt Minnie,
           | who has some money in the bank that her late husband left
           | her.
        
         | agency wrote:
         | As an alternative there's always Matt Levine's "Certificate of
         | Dumb Investment" proposal:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-09-24/earnin...
         | 
         | 1. Anyone can invest all they want in a diversified portfolio
         | of approved investments (non-penny-stock public companies,
         | mutual funds and exchange-traded funds with modest fees,
         | insured bank accounts, etc.).
         | 
         | 2. Anyone can also invest in any other dumb investment; you
         | just have to go to the local office of the SEC and get a
         | Certificate of Dumb Investment. (Anyone who sells dumb non-
         | approved investments without requiring this certificate from
         | buyers goes to prison.)
         | 
         | 3. To get that certificate, you sign a form. The form is one
         | page with a lot of white space. It says in very large letters:
         | "I want to buy a dumb investment. I understand that the person
         | selling it will almost certainly steal all my money, and that I
         | would almost certainly be better off just buying index funds,
         | but I want to do this dumb thing anyway. I agree that I will
         | never, under any circumstances, complain to anyone when this
         | investment inevitably goes wrong. I understand that violating
         | this agreement is a felony."
         | 
         | 4. Then you take the form to an SEC employee, who slaps you
         | hard across the face and says "really???" And if you reply "yes
         | really" then she gives you the certificate.
         | 
         | 5. Then you bring the certificate to the seller and you can buy
         | whatever dumb thing he is selling.
         | 
         | 6. If an article ever appears in the Wall Street Journal in
         | which you (or your lawyer) are quoted saying that you were just
         | a simple dentist, didn't understand what you were buying and
         | were swindled by the seller's flashy sales pitch, then _you_ go
         | to prison.
        
           | cm2012 wrote:
           | This is the funniest thing I've read this year
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Subscribe to Money Stuff! It's free and full of similar
             | gems.
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/matt_levine/status/994296126055608320
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | Related: Robin Hanson's idea of "would have banned" stores
           | (that sell things that would normally be banned, with some
           | kind of filter that you understand why they were banned):
           | 
           | https://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/03/paternalism_is_.html
           | 
           | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/PeSzc9JTBxhaYRp9b/policy-
           | deb...
        
           | dwohnitmok wrote:
           | I enjoy Matt Levine's pieces and I understand this is meant
           | to be humorous and far from serious, but it's also
           | instructive to think about how such a scheme could go wrong,
           | because it illustrates how hard incentive problems are. I
           | think the big problem would be if the "Certificate of Dumb
           | Investment" by happenstance didn't seem so dumb anymore (a
           | couple of lucky, high-profile investments really take off and
           | are in the news for weeks) and then say a million people (<
           | 1% of the U.S. adult population!) pile in to the next dumb
           | investment and get all their money stolen.
           | 
           | No matter what they've signed, that's still a million people
           | who've gotten their money stolen and they'll be out for
           | blood, communicating on forums, in-person, etc. Beyond the
           | brute fact that a million people have had money stolen, which
           | is bad, there's the secondary problem that if just another 1%
           | of that million still complains to newspapers, there's no way
           | that the government could arrest 10,000 people at once
           | without major public backlash, especially if those people
           | play their cards well and can spin a media story of "victims
           | of financial fraud further being punished by the government."
           | If you've got 10,000 examples to choose from, there are bound
           | to be sympathetic stories which capture the public attention.
           | 
           | And then at that point, if the government chooses not to
           | prosecute those cases, the floodgates are loose and the
           | "Certificate of Dumb Investment" has lost most of its power
           | and purpose.
        
             | DangitBobby wrote:
             | Yeah, it's funny as a joke but not really a sound
             | principle. We have all sorts of people screaming "that's a
             | stupid investment!" for stupid investments. The problem is
             | not that the nay-sayers aren't heard. It's that the buyers
             | are convinced everyone else is a h8er or sheeple, and will
             | buy whatever dumb shit they've been convinced of
             | regardless.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Have you ever been party to a class action lawsuit and
             | gotten some amount of recompense for your troubles? And had
             | that not been part of the mainstream news so no one you
             | already knew was part of it? Because they happen all the
             | time, and the government doesn't go after them - damages
             | are civil not criminal, so the lawyers are the ones getting
             | richer. As far as "the big problem", people win the lottery
             | every day. It's still not a sound investment strategy
             | (unless you have some sort of edge).
        
         | pg_bot wrote:
         | It always seemed a bit nonsensical to me that you can't invest
         | in companies (in the USA) when you can spend your money freely
         | in nearly every other respect. You can waste thousands on
         | gambling, food, clothing, elective surgery, penny stocks, and
         | all sorts of other activities without anyone batting an eyelid.
         | If the goal is to stop idiots from pissing their money away,
         | regulators have seriously underestimated the creativity of
         | fools.
        
           | robotresearcher wrote:
           | You can't enter the gambling, surgery and stock markets with
           | naught but a Keynote deck.
        
             | pg_bot wrote:
             | I wasn't talking about starting a casino or surgery center.
             | I was talking about playing roulette or turning yourself
             | into a human cat hybrid.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | I understand. But there are strong feedback mechanisms in
               | place so that a casino will actually pay your (unlikely)
               | winnings and a surgeon will actually cat your face, which
               | have to do with scrutiny, penalties for bad behavior, and
               | the cost of entering a highly regulated market requiring
               | lots of customers to recoup. They provide the service
               | they claim.
               | 
               | The story is about companies whose business model is
               | simply to take investment money. They do not try to
               | provide the service they claim.
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | That's what the story about, but non-accredited investors
               | aren't only prevented from investing in those particular
               | companies. They're prevented from investing in the good
               | ones, too. You say that the casino will pay your unlikely
               | winnings, but the thing about casinos is that unless you
               | actually have an edge, the more you gamble, the more you
               | lose. The vast majority of games have odds that result in
               | the house making a profit over time. And yet we're
               | allowed to spend our money freely in casinos.
               | 
               | There are all sorts of penalties for bad behavior on
               | behalf of companies. Of course, that doesn't guarantee
               | they'll make money, but I think it's a very valid point
               | that we're allowed to waste our money on all sorts of
               | dumb bullshit, but not on something like investing in
               | startups, which at least has a _possibility_ , however
               | remote, of resulting in some sort of return.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | I'm all for people's freedom of action.
               | 
               | Why do you think we have these rules, since a free-for-
               | all is the default? Is this a barrier to entry that
               | protects the rich, or a barrier to getting ripped off
               | that protects the less rich? Or both?
               | 
               | Chesterton's fence and all that.
               | 
               | You are _allowed_ to throw all your money away if you
               | want.
               | 
               | These rules are (at least partly) protecting you from
               | having someone take your money under false pretenses.
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | I think they're absolutely there under the pretense of
               | protecting people, and they do protect people from scams,
               | at the cost of preventing average people from
               | participating in one of the biggest wealth creation
               | events in modern history. I think they're hypocritical,
               | specifically because people are allowed to do all sorts
               | of (in my opinion) far dumber things with their money. I
               | think the world would be a much better place if gambling
               | were illegal and all the people who currently waste their
               | money at slot machines spent all that time thinking about
               | how companies work.
               | 
               | You're correct that I'm allowed to throw my money away if
               | I want, so why am I not allowed to do this?
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | Because if you got scammed, you threw your money away but
               | you didn't want to. An important difference, no?
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | Do you think most of the people who go to casinos think
               | they're going to lose money? I think an unfortunate
               | percentage do not realize at all that the odds are
               | stacked against them. Their misunderstanding of
               | statistics means they are quite literally getting
               | scammed. And for the remainder that are doing it for
               | entertainment, that's quite literally what I'm proposing
               | be the standard for investing in companies.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | > we're allowed to waste our money on all sorts of dumb
               | bullshit, but not on something like investing in
               | startups, which at least has a possibility, however
               | remote, of resulting in some sort of return
               | 
               | A lower possibility than the casinos or lotteries, if
               | we're talking retail investment in early stage startup
               | pitches you have no affiliation with. The reluctance of
               | everybody to acknowledge this is the reason the law
               | exist. Most people walk out of casinos having lost some
               | of their money. Most retail investors in random business
               | propositions will never see any of that money again.
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | It really depends on what you're investing in, doesn't
               | it? We let people spend hundreds of thousands or millions
               | of dollars in casinos over the course of their lives.
               | When you go to a casino, you're paying for the thrill of
               | gambling, and I think random business propositions offer
               | the same thrill at worst.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Well yeah, depends which number you bet on roulette or
               | whether you're the best poker player in the room too!
               | Perhaps we could regulate startups like gambling and
               | allow them to welcome anyone but only allow them to
               | market the "thrill of gambling" like casinos instead of
               | delivering very confident financial projections about how
               | much they're going to make. But I'm not sure investment
               | would be forthcoming then, because actually I think
               | people want to put their savings into startups to get
               | rich.
               | 
               | When gambling is restricted, gamblers generally _don 't_
               | argue it's a conspiracy to prevent them getting rich. The
               | delusion that retail startup investment isn't the bigger
               | gamble with worse odds (unless you're in the leagues
               | where you can personally prod the founders on a daily
               | basis) is why accredited investor rules exists. It'd be a
               | lot easier to believe arguments relaxing them were sound
               | if the people making them were arguing it was depriving
               | them of fun rather than depriving them of the opportunity
               | to get rich.
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | _> They 're prevented from investing in the good ones,
               | too. You say that the casino will pay your unlikely
               | winnings, but the thing about casinos is that unless you
               | actually have an edge, the more you gamble, the more you
               | lose. The vast majority of games have odds that result in
               | the house making a profit over time._
               | 
               | What do you think is the expected return of investing in
               | a private company? I don't have data to back this up, but
               | I'd bet it's negative -- especially if you hold common
               | stock, or whatever non-preferred equity retail investors
               | would get.
               | 
               | And if, on top of that, we relaxed the guard rails
               | preventing people from being scammed? I think the odds
               | would be much worse than you'd find in a casino.
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | I personally find it less morally repugnant to let people
               | make bad bets on companies than to let people lose their
               | money at slot machines all day.
        
               | jakelazaroff wrote:
               | Sure, you're entitled to that. I find it less morally
               | repugnant to do whatever keeps people from getting
               | scammed.
        
               | ksdale wrote:
               | I'd also be fine with making casinos illegal, if that's
               | what you're proposing.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | It also protects against the opposite effect: in an
           | environment full of scams, you get run out of business for
           | being honest because you have a hard time competing with the
           | scammers.
        
             | Datenstrom wrote:
             | > in an environment full of scams, you get run out of
             | business for being honest because you have a hard time
             | competing with the scammers.
             | 
             | This effect was really well illustrated for me Golden Sun
             | (Red Rising saga book #2) by Pierce Brown. The protagonist
             | is telling an older general about how he isn't worried
             | about a scheming snake oil politician type and is corrected
             | about why they are dangerous. Because "Liars make the best
             | promises."
             | 
             | > "Pliny is a leech," I say. "A liar as much as you're an
             | honest man." "And that makes him dangerous. Liars make the
             | best promises."
        
         | benatkin wrote:
         | I'm not sure, it seems that many who make good money but are in
         | debt can invest:
         | 
         | > Individual investors with an annual income or net worth less
         | than $107,000 can contribute either $2,200 or 5% of their
         | annual income or net worth, whichever is greater. The old rules
         | limited them to the lesser of those two numbers.
         | 
         | > Investors with annual incomes or net worth greater than
         | $107,000 can contribute up to 10% of the highest number.
         | 
         | https://news.bloomberglaw.com/securities-law/startups-and-cr...
        
           | djbusby wrote:
           | That's RegCF, accredited is under RegD. See also RegA and
           | RegB based investment. There are numerous options.
        
         | scsilver wrote:
         | I'm glad they expanded accreditation to licensed professionals
         | who don't have 2 million. Before it was too much gatekeeping
         | just on money alone.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | I get that they exist to protect people from getting scammed,
         | but it also locks people out of some of the best ways to create
         | wealth unless they're already rich.
         | 
         | Crypto is an example of both. More people get scammed, more
         | regular people accumulated wealth. Outside of that look at
         | startups, regular people are locked out of early stage
         | investment (including many of us in the industry).
         | 
         | I understand the trade off but find it frustrating I'm
         | constrained for my own good. It feels like being held down to
         | the level of the (uncharitably stated) dumbest person.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | Hmmm; According to which metrics and stats is investment in
           | early startups / random new companies and schemes, the best
           | way to accumulate wealth? How do we define "best" - safest?
           | Highest top possibility? Lowest risk? Over which period of
           | time?
           | 
           | Our experiences may vary. I have far more visibility into
           | people scammed left right and centre where I'm at. Those who
           | did make money on sketchy schemes are lucky outliers (who of
           | course believe themselves to be savvy risk takers fair enough
           | ; I see most of them as incorrigible Russian roulette players
           | who got lucky but not wiser).
        
           | eezurr wrote:
           | The relatively little money (and little experience with
           | startups) that most retail investors have would not be enough
           | to diversify their risk and thus be equivalent to gambling. I
           | think the figure is 5% of startups are successful?
           | 
           | Anyone who has become wealthy through crypto became so
           | because they gambled. And, bitcoin has a history of being
           | manipulated. I had a friend who was part of a network that
           | communicated to him when to buy and sell bitcoin. He
           | mentioned "the whales" a few times when talking about it.
        
           | kryogen1c wrote:
           | > locks people out of some of the best ways to create wealth
           | unless they're already rich
           | 
           | im sorry what? investing in startups is one of the best way
           | to create wealth? you have a source that talks about average
           | and median returns on investments across all startups?
        
             | fossuser wrote:
             | I don't care about the average or median case and 'some of
             | the best' is suitably subjective, I just want the freedom
             | to make my own choices.
             | 
             | The entire bet with startups if you're not rich enough to
             | fund via an incubator is picking a team or company you
             | think is good and kicking in some smallish amount of cash
             | (~10k), angel list basically. If you're in the industry you
             | may be better positioned to do this than a random person.
             | We can do this by going and working for a startup and
             | dumping money in to exercise options (arguably even riskier
             | since now your job is also tied to its success), but not by
             | just kicking in some cash unless you hit the accredited
             | investor threshold.
             | 
             | I should be able to choose to do this if I want to. Instead
             | I can only put money in after the company is public and a
             | lot of the early return has already been taken by people
             | rich enough to be allowed to buy in earlier.
             | 
             | Meanwhile I could go and gamble at a casino on slots
             | without any proof that I'm rich enough to waste money that
             | way.
        
               | jonas21 wrote:
               | If you've been in the industry for a while, you may
               | already qualify as an accredited investor. The income
               | threshold is $200K/year, which according to levels.fyi
               | would easily be met by someone with just a few years
               | experience at a FAANG, for example.
               | 
               | If you don't qualify on income, you can also qualify by
               | passing the Series 65 exam, which is a 3-hour multiple-
               | choice test that anyone can take.
               | 
               | Once you're an accredited investor, you'll find that the
               | biggest barrier is finding good startups who will take
               | your money. The ones who are interested in taking a small
               | amount of cash from some random person are probably the
               | least likely to succeed.
        
         | lkrubner wrote:
         | " _The accredited investor rules in USA seem draconian_ "
         | 
         | Think carefully about what the word "draconian" means. There is
         | no organization that is responsible for tracking or allowing
         | membership in the club of "accredited investors." This article
         | suggests 1 in 10 USA households meets the definition:
         | 
         | https://dqydj.com/accredited-investors-in-america/
         | 
         | Look around on Google and you will find many different
         | estimates. Since there is no central organization that actually
         | tracks this number, it is impossible to point to an official
         | number.
         | 
         | If an unaccredited investor invests in a small startup, there
         | is no penalty for the investor. Because of that, I would not
         | use the word "draconian."
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | cure wrote:
         | > The accredited investor rules in USA seem draconian
         | 
         | I don't know about that - it hardly seems draconian, it's a
         | trust-based system, entirely reliant on self reporting. Most of
         | the time you just have to check a box that says you are an
         | "accredited investor". Sometimes they want you to upload a few
         | bank statements.
        
           | djbusby wrote:
           | If you check that box, then others run diligence and discover
           | you've lied it's called fraud. Attitude like yours is why
           | many early companies are obligating their investors to prove
           | net-worth. So many people want to be investors they'd lie to
           | get there - number one sign you're a bad investors. Don't
           | cheat!
        
             | blowski wrote:
             | I didn't see the OP saying you should lie, only that the
             | system relies on self-reporting. If anything, I'd guess
             | they agree that the system is open to abuse, but they're
             | not saying people should therefore abuse it.
        
               | djbusby wrote:
               | Perhaps I'm just bitter
               | 
               | I've been part of a non-zero amount of deals where there
               | was one, or more, parties who've made that false claim.
               | In an open group I participate in there are some early
               | Angels and want-to-be investors. I've observed folks
               | attempting this shortcut. And every time it's fucked over
               | multiple people. So, yea, it's trust based - and truth
               | will out.
        
               | cure wrote:
               | Sorry to hear that, that sucks!
        
               | Drdrdrq wrote:
               | For the uninitiated, what happens in this scenario? Does
               | the deal fall through, do the other investors need to
               | cover for the missing party,...?
        
             | cure wrote:
             | > Attitude like yours is why many early companies are
             | obligating their investors to prove net-worth.
             | 
             | I didn't express any attitude about the current rules
             | around "accredited investors", I merely expressed what the
             | current status quo appears to be, i.e. the system is
             | largely based on self reporting. Obviously, there are all
             | sorts of problems with that.
             | 
             | For what it's worth, I don't particularly like the current
             | rules around "accredited investors", they seem pretty
             | arbitrary, and at the same time too lax (self reporting)
             | and too restrictive (obviously, these rules give rich
             | people access to a lot of opportunities not available to
             | others).
        
             | catlifeonmars wrote:
             | OP was saying the system is flawed, not that they are
             | exploiting the flaws in the system. Those aren't the same
             | thing.
        
           | benatkin wrote:
           | From what I can see, check stubs would work as well, you
           | could have no money in the bank...
           | 
           | https://news.bloomberglaw.com/securities-law/startups-and-
           | cr...
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Can someone tell me more about Rose Parks Advisors and the
       | predilections of Matthew Christensen?
       | 
       | I have a view into family offices and there is a lot they can do,
       | I am just wondering more about if there is a relationship between
       | this startup and that family office to make this worth that
       | family offices' time, or if that family office really just has
       | that much cash to place. Many times family offices can have a
       | large limited partner of the family that is their non-profit
       | foundations, which is basically dead capital that can be used to
       | spruce up any investment, and so that is what it is used for.
       | Many quick raises are done by institutional investors that are
       | just endowments.
        
         | RC_ITR wrote:
         | TL;DR
         | 
         | The founder of Coupang was one of Christensen's students; the
         | check he put in turned out to be one of the all-time great
         | investments.
         | 
         | Rose Park is flooded with cash and credibility (but under-
         | indexes on access vs. traditional VCs), so they're working hard
         | to get into a lot of deals.
         | 
         | https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2021/03/15/rose-park...
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | > By structuring Rose Park as one evergreen fund instead of a
           | typical venture fund, the Christensens were able to invest in
           | a mix of public and private companies .... ""We're allowed to
           | invest in any type of security in any geography, any
           | industry, any stage, but only when the investment thesis
           | derives from my dad's research"
           | 
           | Interesting. I would like to see more of that. I am also
           | curious about the evergreen fund structure. I helped form a
           | hedge fund with an aggressive sidepocket , where sidepockets
           | act like a VC fund but without burdening the limited partners
           | with capital calls. But being even more flexible really makes
           | the subscription documents and prospectus complicated, and
           | making additional funds are expensive and time consuming,
           | even as just a family office without outside investors, the
           | separate limited partners are just entities that the family
           | has formed before. Pooling assets from trusts, retirement
           | plans, individual family members, and non-profits like
           | foundations.
           | 
           | I'm mostly confused/inspired by which offshore feeders are
           | being used.
        
       | mikemac wrote:
       | > When you're the founder of a startup that takes in a $50M
       | investment like this, you're all set to live off the money
       | however you want. You can pay yourself a "market salary" of
       | $500,000/yr+
       | 
       | This is just not true, even for a venture backed company like
       | this. The Board of Directors should be approving all executive
       | comp; seems like a baseless claim to suggest there isn't some
       | basic governance at play here
        
         | enra wrote:
         | I don't know what the situation is here but a startup can setup
         | the board or governance in different ways. Founder could
         | control everything directly or indirectly and the board might
         | have one or no external directors.
         | 
         | And while technically you should inform the board of executive
         | comp changes, it's not like the investors generally care that
         | much in the early stages or there is some box they have to
         | officially check. You could just go to your payroll system and
         | increase your comp. They don't come to check your payroll or
         | accounting unless they suspect something so it's not that hard
         | fly under the radar for some time.
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | > Founder could control everything directly or indirectly and
           | the board might have one or no external directors.
           | 
           | Uhh, investors are definitely going to demand seats on the
           | board after funding
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Some do, some don't. Depends on the investor and the
             | company.
             | 
             | I work for a startup that has raised a bit over $30M, with
             | no board seats given up.
        
           | mikemac wrote:
           | Do you really think Greylock, A16Z or Azure Capital has no
           | interest in BOD seats and no experience forming a
           | Compensation Committee?
           | 
           | As CEO, the Board is your boss. If you instruct payroll to
           | bump your salary up without proper approval you will probably
           | be looking for another job.
           | 
           | These investors have a basic fiduciary duty to their LPs to
           | make sure there is no blatant fraud, and you don't get to
           | billions under management and not understanding this.
        
             | enra wrote:
             | There are hot rounds you have those names involved and they
             | all don't get a board seat. Usually only the lead gets a
             | board seat (not always) and growth investors (Tiger) also
             | don't typically ask for board seats. Depends on the amount
             | of leverage the founder has. If A16Z is wanting to win a
             | deal and Tiger is offering more money and no board seat,
             | and the founder wants that then A16Z either has to pass or
             | offer the same.
             | 
             | You're overestimating the formalness of the early stage
             | startup corporation practices or board (seed-series b) and
             | the reporting requirements. Most of the time it's like any
             | other meeting, you chat about what's going well, what's not
             | and how to improve. It's not like public company board at
             | all, there most definitely are no committees (maybe on
             | paper). If you need approvals, like for employee option
             | grants, you just send them an fyi and a docusign (this case
             | the approval is also after the fact. You already gave
             | someone an offer and the accepted it. It would be hard to
             | go back to change it so approval is just a rubber stamp.)
             | 
             | It's up to you as board define what kind of board meetings
             | you have and what's on the agenda. At the end of the year,
             | most VCs ask you submit some basic financials, cap table
             | etc but for example the CEO's salary is not one of those
             | numbers. The BOD might be also completely fine with
             | $500k/year salary.
             | 
             | As the startup grows and matures, the practices mature too
             | but likely that won't happen before ~100 employees or after
             | Series B.
             | 
             | I can assure you that as CEO, I could go to our payroll
             | service increase my salary. We don't even have a payroll or
             | HR department. No-one would really know until maybe next
             | year when accounting gets done. Obviously, I wouldn't do
             | that but if you don't care about your reputation and there
             | to scam then it's very easy to do. If the investors find
             | out, they might not be able to get rid of the CEO that
             | easily, since like I said before, the founder(s) could
             | control the board by votes or by seats. It's also unlikely
             | these investors would cause any publicity around this
             | because it's embarrassing to them and pushing a founder out
             | could hurt their reputation (like when Benchmark kicked
             | Travis out of Uber), they would just more likely walk away.
        
             | spamizbad wrote:
             | My understanding is that "hot" founders receive a
             | tremendous amount of latitude from their BOD - so they
             | wouldn't think twice about "generous" (by startup
             | standards) executive comps.
        
       | chernevik wrote:
       | "When you're the founder of a startup that takes in a $50M
       | investment like this, you're all set to live off the money
       | however you want."
       | 
       | I think if you're going to suggest this about a particular
       | startup, you probably should have some documentation this is
       | actually happening.
        
       | Aunche wrote:
       | > You can pay yourself a "market salary" of $500,000/yr+.
       | 
       | That is like L6 FAANG money. Even if you're just defrauding rich
       | investors, you're still likely putting more than an L6 amount of
       | work. I don't think these entrepreneurs are doing doing it for
       | the money like the author is implying. I think they genuinely
       | enjoy being an entrepreneur, sometimes to a delusional extent as
       | with Elizabeth Holmes.
        
         | qnsi wrote:
         | CEO and tech skills are vastlty different. Doubt most startup
         | CEOs would ever get hired by Google
        
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