[HN Gopher] Text is not the enemy: How illiterates use their mob...
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       Text is not the enemy: How illiterates use their mobile phones
        
       Author : kvee
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2022-02-10 20:41 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.researchgate.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.researchgate.net)
        
       | MPSimmons wrote:
       | Very eye-opening paper. Thanks for posting this. I have never
       | considered most of the things brought up in this. Really good to
       | read.
        
       | newsbinator wrote:
       | > The speed at which they traversed the phone menus was the same
       | as for literate people. We often had to ask our interviewees to
       | slow down when they were showing us how they performed certain
       | tasks on their phones. They mastered important functionality
       | through rote learning: "After I have clicked on this icon I need
       | to go down twice and then - click! - I'm done." This was the same
       | technique that they used to learn how to operate other important
       | digital interfaces such as ATMs and game consoles. Family or
       | friends assisted during the memorization phase and they repeated
       | the procedures in their presence as many times as needed.
        
         | lotyrin wrote:
         | This reminds me of a certain facet of computer literacy:
         | exploration. There are users who will only seek out menu items
         | in software if they already know they are there and where,
         | compared to users who will seek out the items they are looking
         | for and can imagine that they probably do exist somewhere.
         | 
         | It's unimaginable to the latter user that one would possibly
         | have to "learn" how to use Google Docs having only ever been
         | exposed to MS Word, while the former is completely lost because
         | the menus have to be re-learned and all the possibilities
         | available to them must be re-memorized.
        
           | hughrr wrote:
           | I was a contractor once and was basically used as a scapegoat
           | after being asked to move some UI bits for the sake of
           | consistency. This was moving the OK and Cancel buttons on
           | every single dialog window so they were in the same
           | consistent place.
           | 
           | The customers shit the bed and the change rolled back and an
           | "unspecified contractor" was blamed for "an unauthorised
           | change".
           | 
           | I chose not to renew that one.
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | They should have done them one at a time. You can
             | reasonably gaslight the client that way. I sometimes forget
             | whether or not OK should be on the left or right of Cancel.
        
               | bcraven wrote:
               | https://help.duo.com/s/article/7231?language=en_US
               | 
               | The Duo authentication app recently swapped the 'Accept'
               | and 'Deny' buttons and it was unbelievably frustrating.
        
           | newsbinator wrote:
           | Anybody have ideas on why the age divide on expectation +
           | exploration vs. memorization seems so stark?
           | 
           | In my experience the top predictor of whether a person can
           | use a computer to do what they intended to do is age. Not IQ,
           | not other mechanical or technical competence, not education,
           | not cultural background, not linguistic aptitude, not reading
           | speed, not creativity, not engineering or product design
           | experience... mainly age.
           | 
           | (with outliers of course)
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | My guess is it's about how curious about new things you
             | were when computers got popular. Computers are, compared to
             | a lot of real world devices, a lot more complicated than
             | pretty much any consumer tool that predates them, but also
             | more forgiving. Most consumer appliances before computers
             | had at most a couple of settings, all of which were clearly
             | defined and handed to you. Anything beyond that involved
             | aggressive tinkering that may or may not go well.
             | 
             | Computers, on the other hand, have interfaces that are
             | vastly larger than any human brain could hope to contain.
             | So they require exploration. This comes naturally to
             | children, less so to fully matured adults, and is extremely
             | rare in people middle-aged or beyond. So you get a line
             | based on how old they were when they first got their hands
             | on a computer.
        
           | code_duck wrote:
           | That makes me think of how many times I've had to ask people
           | "what does the error message on the screen say?" or tell my
           | parents "the words that it says on the screen - read them,
           | the program/website is trying to tell you something". When it
           | comes to software many users are functionally illiterate
           | because they don't even try to read alert windows or error
           | messages, assuming that they will be meaningless.
        
             | ehutch79 wrote:
             | THIS.
             | 
             | So much this.
        
             | svachalek wrote:
             | Yup, I've seen this a lot. This type of user basically
             | operates like a script, they move through a memorized list
             | of steps and when they can't go forward they simply throw
             | an exception.
        
               | tn1 wrote:
               | not even really an exception, they're more a like a PHP
               | script that just ignores errors and continues
        
             | wyattpeak wrote:
             | I've made that gripe too, but there's something about error
             | messages though that makes them very hard to take in. I
             | don't know why, but I debug crap for a living, and I still
             | every now and then find myself searching for a bug in
             | Google, only to realise that there are instructions for
             | resolving it in the error message.
             | 
             | I can't quite put my finger on why I can't adapt. It's some
             | combination of the facts that 1) there's often a huge dump
             | of information, much of it so technical that it's useful
             | only to the developers, 2) it's fairly rare that it offers
             | a truly useful suggestion, and 3) many of the messages I
             | encounter ask me to do something that makes things easy for
             | the developer rather than the user (update the software,
             | contact the manufacturer).
             | 
             | I think it's something we as an industry ought to work
             | harder on, because I don't think the failure is only in the
             | users. I think, although I can't explain exactly why, we're
             | communicating very poorly.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | > they don't even try to read alert windows or error
             | messages, assuming that they will be meaningless
             | 
             | I work in IT and I can assure you that software developers
             | have been doing their best for the past 20 years to live up
             | to that expectation.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I'm currently breaking my head trying to fix a "you
               | didn't fill out all fields" error for a form with only
               | hidden fields. I keep thinking how useful the message
               | must be to the user.
        
             | gknoy wrote:
             | I still recall my father having various error messages from
             | software (browsers, website, Word, etc), and when I'd
             | translate them it was almost always a case of the error
             | message being meaningful to me _but not in those words_,
             | and so when I'd translate them for him he'd ask, "why
             | didn't the error message say THAT?". It still is something
             | I think about occasionally when trying to write logging or
             | error messages -- how we got there, how to fix it, etc.
        
           | imoverclocked wrote:
           | Beautifully put. I've experienced this dichotomy so many
           | times in many different contexts. Being literate and being
           | able to explore are extremely empowering gifts.
        
         | lkbm wrote:
         | This is no surprise to me.
         | 
         | My dad wrote batch files when I was a kid. 98.bat give a list
         | of items numbered 1-15. 3.bat then took you to a games
         | directory wherein 99.bat gave you another numbered list list of
         | 30+ games to choose from.
         | 
         | I memorized nearly every number on both menus before I could
         | read.
        
       | gleenn wrote:
       | I was learning Japanese in Tokyo while also working on a small-
       | business accounting app. Japanese accounting is extremely
       | specific, so even for someone enrolled in classes, there was no
       | way I would be learning all those kanji any time soon. I
       | impressed a Japanese co-worker though, because I quickly learned
       | visually where the buttons I needed to click were so I could copy
       | the app features from iPhone to Android. Turns out you don't have
       | to be able to read almost anything as long as you see something
       | used correctly and can remember button locations visually etc.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Chinese characters are hard to learn even if you are Chinese.
         | Places that use them have high illiteracy rates but many people
         | learn how to "fake it".
        
           | gibolt wrote:
           | This is very much untrue. Writing with a pen, maybe. Rare,
           | obscure characters from ancient texts, sure. Basic daily-use
           | characters are understandable to even most of the elderly in
           | super remote villages.
        
         | Beltalowda wrote:
         | When I was young I played a lot of Japanese games on the MSX
         | like this: try stuff, see what happens, memorize, repeat as
         | needed. I played through SD Snatcher and some other games like
         | this.
         | 
         | Kids can have a lot of patience in a weird way like that. Today
         | I'd probably give up after a few minutes.
        
           | qwertycrackers wrote:
           | When my younger brother was very young (perhaps 5 or 6 years
           | old), he inherited my old Gameboy Color with my copy of
           | Pokemon Crystal, which I had left saved at some random point
           | midway through the game. He, not knowing how to read, never
           | realized that there was such a thing as saves or progress in
           | the game. In his mind, that save point was his "start point",
           | where he would always begin his adventures and the pokemon I
           | had left him with were the only ones he ever used. He loved
           | to run around in the wild battling pokemon and occasionally
           | making very accidental progress away from his "start point".
           | 
           | One time, he managed to stumble his way into using Cut to
           | remove a tree and entered a whole new world of things to
           | explore! After a while he become totally lost, and wanting to
           | return to familiar territory he simply restarted the Game Boy
           | and was right back where he knew. We continue to find much
           | humor in the degree to which children can make any random
           | experience a fun adventure.
        
             | wincy wrote:
             | My daughter loves to play "that spaceship game" (Among Us)
             | despite not knowing how to read. She had great fun running
             | around and looking at everything. She knows how to join
             | lobbies. It's probably good she doesn't know how to read as
             | I'd imagine there are a lot of very angry 12 year olds
             | throwing expletives her way for being "bad" at the game.
        
         | mgarciaisaia wrote:
         | Japanese was something we Argentinians really didn't know back
         | in the 90's when I was a kid (we still don't usually know it,
         | but now I know some people who are picking up classes).
         | 
         | But then there was Captain Tsubasa's FamiCom game, which some
         | friends had, only in Japanese - and it amazed me how easily
         | they went through all of the menus to change whatever settings
         | they wanted.
         | 
         | Kids, spare time, the desire to play some videogames, and a
         | country whose market wasn't that attractive - an awesome
         | combination.
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | I worked at Office Depot for a while, and Chinese couple
         | brought in their laptop with a problem. OD didn't do repairs,
         | but I had worked at a Gateway 2000 call center and a local
         | computer shop, so I knew my way around.
         | 
         | Their computer was completely in Chinese, but that didn't stop
         | me from just quickly clicking through to the control panel and
         | fixing the problem.
         | 
         | They were practically slack-jawed staring at me, and then
         | asked, "Do you speak Chinese?" I told them I just know where
         | the buttons are. :D
         | 
         | It was experiences like that (helping a customer beyond what
         | the store supported, in extreme situations) that make me miss
         | retail sometimes. All the BS makes sure I don't go back.
        
           | gtm1260 wrote:
           | This reminded me why I loved my retail job, but I think its
           | partially because I was retail inside an amusement park: I
           | missed out on most of the BS (people were generally very
           | happy to be there/ having a great day).
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | From that I find myself assuming it was one of the smaller
             | parks, to avoid the "people going insane over wringing
             | every last bit of 'fun' out of an incredibly expensive
             | vacation" problem.
        
       | ravedave5 wrote:
       | Small sample size, but still very interesting. I was shocked that
       | some people think text should be removed from the UI for them. I
       | would hope the goal would be for them to learn to read and I have
       | to imaging after seeing certain words like "close" or "save" over
       | and over they would get some basic understanding of the shape of
       | the word to help them in new applications or other areas of their
       | life.
        
       | httpz wrote:
       | It always blows my mind seeing a 4-year-old, who can't even read,
       | navigating YouTube on their parent's phone better than some
       | adults I know with PhDs.
       | 
       | Though as a kid I do remember playing RPG games in a language I
       | don't know at all.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jsherwani wrote:
       | My PhD thesis focused on voice interface design for people with
       | limited literacy skills. One of the most surprising discoveries
       | for me was that menus and even lists of items aren't natural
       | concepts that exist outside of a context of literacy. Even for
       | voice interfaces, a touch tone menu ("for X press 1, for Y press
       | 2...") was a lot harder to navigate than an equivalent voice-
       | based menu ("would you like X, Y, or Z?"). As a side project
       | during my final year of my thesis research, I wrote an iPhone app
       | that unexpectedly propelled me into the world of
       | entrepreneurship, so I ended up pursuing the startup life after I
       | graduated. But this space is still fascinating to me.
        
         | thomasz wrote:
         | Is it online somewhere?
        
         | urthor wrote:
         | Speech Interfaces for Information Access By Low Literate Users
         | I presume?
        
         | tpoacher wrote:
         | I would also be interested to read your thesis, if you don't
         | mind linking to it :)
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Favourite fact of the moment : illiterate humans built the walls
       | of jericho as it was built 2,000 years before writing was
       | invented.
       | 
       | Text is a jet fuel for humanity, not a requirement for success. I
       | am only saddened that "we" have let down those 800M by not giving
       | them a basic education
        
         | drcross wrote:
         | I know someone with very bad dyslexia and it's not that he
         | didn't get a basic education, it's that he can't understand
         | written text or menu items more than one layer deep. He calls
         | if wants to communicate which is very endearing but I also have
         | major misgivings with modern UI paradigms. The "three dashed
         | lines" that you see everywhere are infuriating.
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Do visual icons like the three lines for a menu help or hurt
           | the usability of an application for people with dyslexia?
           | 
           | I had assumed iconography was a boon for illiterate people-
           | thinking primarily of symbols on shop signs or a striped
           | barbers pole, for example.
        
       | serverlessmom wrote:
       | This is really interesting. It reminds me of a conversation I had
       | recently with a friend of mine who struggles a lot with spelling.
       | His first language is English and even so sometimes it is hard to
       | decipher what he means when he messages me. Recently he asked me
       | how to spell something and I said, "You spell it exactly how it
       | sounds," and he told me that doesn't help him and he didn't
       | understand what that meant. So I spelled the word out loud and
       | sounded it out as I went. At the end he told me that his brain
       | doesn't work that way- that it's nearly impossible for him to
       | hold the sounds in his head while he tries to spell. I was really
       | quite awestruck by that distinct differences in our brains.
        
         | pwdisswordfish9 wrote:
         | I can't blame him, English has a pretty irregular spelling.
        
           | garrickvanburen wrote:
           | English mostly isn't.
        
         | steinjones wrote:
         | "You spell it exactly how it sounds" such a bullshit advice
         | when the language in the context is English, which one-to-one
         | letter-phoneme correspondence is hilariously bad.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | Well, that's the point. You tell someone to spell it exactly
           | how it sounds if it _is_ one of the words that is spelled
           | phonetically.
        
           | monkeybutton wrote:
           | This reminds me of a coworker who recently immigrated from
           | Brazil asking about the pronunciations of some English words
           | and being astonished that we don't just use accents to
           | differentiate it. Like, just use accents. No more ambiguity
           | and problem solved.
        
           | bdamm wrote:
           | Right? Though the march of enlightenment is eternal, suffrage
           | is not bourne but rather embraced. Through bright corridors
           | stream draughts of fairies, otherworldly.
           | 
           | Phonetics lies, asunder.
        
             | ruined wrote:
             | *borne
             | 
             | *faeries
        
             | demadog wrote:
             | What is that quote from? Google comes up blank.
        
         | wincy wrote:
         | My wife can't spell and I just tell her "hey just memorize how
         | to spell everything". I'm convinced that's what we all actually
         | do, at least with English.
        
           | duncan-donuts wrote:
           | I know this is common but I constantly mispronounce words
           | phonetically in my head so I remember how to spell them.
        
         | qq66 wrote:
         | You can only "spell it exactly how it sounds" in languages like
         | Italian or Spanish, not in English.
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | "Oaxaca," just like it sounds
        
         | buu700 wrote:
         | That's interesting. Sounds like he may have auditory aphantasia
         | (which I only know is a thing because of the few times it's
         | come up on HN lately).
        
       | smackeyacky wrote:
       | Funny story from a school teacher:
       | 
       | One of the kids she has is determinedly illiterate (7 years old,
       | pretty poor family background) but said kid, after "borrowing"
       | one of the class iPads during lunch hour managed to search up a
       | pile of pornography and got caught.
       | 
       | Teachers were somewhat perplexed how this kid who barely manages
       | to write his own name searches up some fairly complicated terms.
       | He did it by simply using the iPad speech recognition system.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Kids can do genius stuff, they are very very open to
         | experimentation and out of the box thinking(as they don't have
         | a box to start with, I guess).
         | 
         | I recall someones kid discovering that clicking on ads in games
         | opens the safari within the app, finding their way from there
         | into Google, therefore bypassing the parental restrictions.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Suggestion engines are powerful too. When my son was just about
         | 3, he could navigate YouTube from and arbitrary point to
         | Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends or a particular garbage
         | truck video.
        
         | teunispeters wrote:
         | On a related note, my daughter (grade 1) uses speech
         | recognition to do spell checking and confirm how a word is
         | spelled. Mind, she does complicated words like "imposter" and
         | "infected".
         | 
         | (real example, and yes she's found "Among Us" playthrough
         | videos...)
        
       | 6510 wrote:
       | I know a guy who uses whatsapp by clicking on peoples pictures,
       | using voice and video calls and sending audio messages. It
       | doesn't seem like there is a problem.
        
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       (page generated 2022-02-10 23:00 UTC)