[HN Gopher] Maximize value, not quantity
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       Maximize value, not quantity
        
       Author : iron_coder
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2022-02-18 22:06 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (agileotter.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (agileotter.blogspot.com)
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | Nice article.
       | 
       | I had similar thoughts on 'work better' vs 'work more' in the
       | past, and how it relates to Boyle's law :)
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30000296
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | Since it's a common misconception: Value =/= cost.
       | 
       | Instead of asking your developers "how long would this take to
       | do?", ask the business people, "how long can we spend on this
       | without losing money on it?"
       | 
       | This changes discussions to become much more productive and
       | informative for all parties. Often easier too!
        
         | thomasahle wrote:
         | > ask the business people, "how long can we spend on this
         | without losing money on it?"
         | 
         | Presumably you'd want the developers "How much value can you
         | create in time `t`", v(t), and the business people "how much
         | money will we lose in time `t`", l(t).
         | 
         | And then you'll find the maximum of `v(t)-l(t)`.
         | 
         | The problem of course is how much communication it takes
         | between the two groups to optimize this. And how well they can
         | actually estimate.
        
         | e1g wrote:
         | Asking that would signal a profound miscalibration in your
         | understanding of how businesses work (unless the only thing
         | your company does is sell your billable hours).
         | 
         | For example, nearly every startup is losing money until they
         | become a unicorn (and often, well after) - this doesn't imply
         | that what their developers/ops people do all day is worth
         | either "nothing" or "billions".
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | But someone in the business ought to have estimated the
           | impact of a task, and it's very useful for developers to be
           | in on that discussion because then they can suggest
           | alternatives that are way cheaper but still worth just as
           | much, or that cost slightly more but would also be worth so
           | much more.
           | 
           | And that's just the immediate benefit. It goes beyond that to
           | organisational learning and being able to calibrate past
           | estimates and get better at picking high value fruit rather
           | than just the low-hanging ones or the ones someone has a good
           | gut feeling about.
           | 
           | But in my experience from organisations both small and large,
           | new and old, is that it's actually a huge mental shift
           | required to go from "this sounds neat let's do this" to
           | 
           | - How exactly do we actually think doing this will help us in
           | the long run?
           | 
           | - How would we express that in dollars to be able to compare
           | it with other things?
           | 
           | - How soon will we be able to tell that we were wrong?
        
             | e1g wrote:
             | Say you're building an enterprise SaaS, and several of your
             | VIP customers ask for a button to "Export this table into
             | Excel for offline analysis". These customers are paying
             | >$100k p.a., and not threatening to leave or anything, but
             | it's a feature you think would be valuable for the core
             | product. You ask a developer to build this, and they ask,
             | "How long can I spend on this before we're losing money?".
             | There are several ways to answer, but few are polite. While
             | every business has some prioritization matrix/process,
             | rigorously estimating the "marginal revenue" for each
             | movement in the dance would add friction and internal
             | transaction costs that make the business not viable.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | The nice thing about estimates is that you can make them
               | at whatever confidence level is sensible.
               | 
               | If a precise estimation (which is what it seems like you
               | think of) adds too much friction and internal transaction
               | costs, make it at a different confidence level.
               | 
               | So in your specific example, you might go, "I can't give
               | you the exact tipping point right now, but I'm 98 %
               | certain it's worth more than five days. So if you end up
               | spending four days on it and it's still not done, come
               | back to me for a more precise estimate."
        
               | e1g wrote:
               | As a thought experiment: even though it's impossible to
               | meaningfully answer "how long can we spend on this
               | without losing money on it?", imagine some omniscient
               | Business Analyst does the math and confidently declares,
               | "I expect this button to increase our profit margin by
               | $300k p.a.". Presumably, the developer now has the
               | commercial guidance to announce, "My salary is $200k, so
               | yes, I will create this button in the next 12 months, and
               | it will be my only job to oversee The Button as long as
               | it exists, and the business still gets to keep $100k p.a.
               | Great planning session."
               | 
               | Estimations and prioritization systems are entire complex
               | fields we could debate. I'm not trying to do that; I'm
               | saying that asking "how long can we spend on this without
               | losing money on it?" will not be a productive addition to
               | most (all?) discussions with developers/product
               | owners/executives/clients.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | How do you define "meaningfully answer" to arrive at the
               | conclusion that it's impossible? To me, meaningfully
               | answering that is just as possible as meaningfully
               | answering "when will Tobias die" which is something life
               | insurance companies have done for a very long time.
        
               | e1g wrote:
               | We're getting quite off topic here, but the "duration of
               | a human life" follows a narrow, predictable, bell-curve-
               | shaped distribution. "Impact of this feature" does not -
               | it follows the power-law distribution. Life insurance
               | companies can meaningfully estimate when you'll die, but
               | they cannot meaningfully estimate the value of attending
               | any given party/meeting/trip/conversation. Most of those
               | will be meaningless by comparison to the few that cause
               | an inflection point and make your life worth living,
               | often by accident.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | The neat thing about these power law numbers is that you
               | don't need to estimate whether we're talking 83 or 91.
               | You just need to do enough work to tell apart 1000 from
               | 10, which is often considerably easier.
               | 
               | And note that I'm not saying you'll always know down to
               | the cent, or even closest hundred dollar bill. Sometimes
               | your best estimation is going to be "between zero and
               | 999999" and that's fine. If you've determined that, you
               | also know which of your inputs have the most uncertainly,
               | and that might represent a blind spot of yours at an
               | important aspect of the business.
               | 
               | Or it represents a fundamentally unknowable thing. But
               | then at least you know you're staking this part of the
               | development on a fundamentally unknowable thing. That's
               | more than many other know.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | It's also likely a made up number. I find many people
               | think business is about careful planning and optimising
               | what you do for the best outcome. In practice, it's the
               | opposite - you do what hope will add the highest value in
               | the long term, then you scrabble about trying to realise
               | that value or change tack in response to feedback. Some
               | win, some lose, and all with varying degrees of severity.
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | I mean yeah, essentially this is uno reverse carding the
               | business people with a question that's as difficult for
               | them to answer as their question is for the dev.
               | 
               | They probably don't know. They're waiting for the dev to
               | throw a number out so they can gut feel whether it'll
               | work or not.
        
               | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
               | Oh, but isn't that exactly what they deserve?
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | yes
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | Don't you always lose money on it though, since at least one
         | dev should be working on it?
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | Not if it makes you more money in revenue than it costs in
           | developer time.
           | 
           | "But isn't that obvious and the case for all developer time?"
           | Try running the numbers some time in your organisation.
           | You'll be surprised at how often things are produced at a
           | loss.
        
           | thunkshift1 wrote:
           | No you dont..Paying a dev is not losing money.. why hire the
           | dev in the first place in that case?
        
             | Juliate wrote:
             | Accounting-wise, it's very common that R&D and developers
             | are counted as cost centers, not profit centers.
             | 
             | This is not necessarily a problem, unless the management
             | (and shareholders) only understands costs as an impediment
             | to be pressured and reduced (which is sadly also quite
             | common - and not necessarily false either).
        
               | chrisweekly wrote:
               | This varies so much across companies, let alone
               | industries. It was gratifying a few years back to realize
               | that annual revenue per engineer north of $4m put our
               | team in rarified company. I wonder how common it is to
               | examine that metric. While I'm happier (and earning much
               | more) consulting for a deep-pocketed enterprise where
               | enginering and R&D are treated as cost centers, I kind of
               | doubt it's something my current clients have ever even
               | considered.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | But adding or removing developers doesn't add or remove
               | that revenue. If some exec wants to make a show by
               | increasing (short-term) profit, cutting developers is a
               | quick and dirty to do that.
        
           | VBprogrammer wrote:
           | I think the conversation is what is the expected return vs
           | the cost. Honestly, I'm not sure I'd really like to have that
           | conversation with the business people too often. Once a
           | product is complete I doubt many feature enhancement have a
           | decent business case.
        
         | kavunr wrote:
         | https://basecamp.com/shapeup seems to understand this at a core
         | level in a better way than scrum.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rgbrgb wrote:
       | Maybe dumb question, but what does PO mean?
       | 
       | Edit: Oh, might be Product Owner (kinda like product manager)
       | which occurs halfway through the post.
        
       | blurker wrote:
       | I love this message. I think that most of the time it's best to
       | have an optimistic mindset about your team and trust that they
       | are doing their best, or at least want to. In my experience, more
       | times than not, unproductive teams aren't the result of people
       | working on the team being "lazy." It's usually externalities like
       | unrealistic estimates, poorly scoped tasks and various company-
       | driven disruptions to the team's focus. And if people are "being
       | lazy", it's usually still an indicator of other problems that
       | have destroyed their morale and a leader should look to fix those
       | things. Otherwise you are trying to treat the symptom, not the
       | problem.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | egman_ekki wrote:
       | That is kind of evident. I wonder, though, when you get the most
       | value by increasing quantity (e.g. of iterations on a feature)
       | and how far you should push (even yourself, not just others).
       | 
       | As a reference: https://jamesclear.com/repetitions
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | I think that viewing it as "quantity" focuses on the wrong
         | thing. What you want to maximise is opportunities for feedback.
        
       | Ozzie_osman wrote:
       | This is great and in line with how the best teams I've seen
       | operate.
       | 
       | The only gotcha is that this only works if you have the right
       | people on the team and the right culture at the company, because
       | it assumes that people will do their best work without needing to
       | be pushed. Now, if you have a breakdown (have free riders on the
       | team, or a shitty company culture) this breaks down and things
       | deteriorate into the "push people hard and hold them accountable"
       | mode).
       | 
       | Basically, operating in this mode requires a high degree of trust
       | from all sides. Trust can be self-fulfilling and easy to disrupt.
       | By pushing for efficiency you can easily turn your team into one
       | where you HAVE to push for efficiency.
        
       | juancn wrote:
       | This applies to every role you can have in an organization. The
       | better you get at working on the right thing, the less stressful
       | your job will be.
        
       | lumost wrote:
       | I always grow tired reading scrum guidelines. Everyone seems to
       | boil down to "people are overly emotional spherical cows", simply
       | trust the process and do your this small problem the sorting hat
       | of scrum has chosen for you.
       | 
       | Anyone who's ever been on a scrum team can tell you that
       | engineers are not fungible unless you simplify the work to the
       | point that you are left with awful engineers doing awful work.
       | 
       | Of course a Product owner will sometimes think about velocity,
       | they might be the CTO! Or a PM struggling with a team which can't
       | deliver at the pace the market needs. When does a PO ever live in
       | a world where they have oracle knowledge of value? Half the time
       | they are fresh bschool grads working with engineers and managers
       | with years in the company.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | The funny thing about emotional spherical cows and trusting the
         | process is that the first rule of agile is "People and
         | [delivered] software over process". You can and should do
         | anything to get working software over the line. Even if it
         | means breaking process when it isn't working.
         | 
         | And you should always prioritize people over working software,
         | if needed.
         | 
         | Working on a team that groks that part is quite nice actually.
         | You can go to your manager and say "Hey this thing is getting
         | in my way" and they'll say "Good god man why are you doing it
         | then!?"
        
           | beaconstudios wrote:
           | This is why I don't believe SCRUM is meaningfully agile at
           | all, and only exists so that companies can signal agility and
           | management consultancies can sell agility. When agile
           | development is fundamentally about fast feedback loops and
           | not letting bureaucracy get in the way of delivering, a
           | process laden model like SCRUM cannot be said to meet that
           | definition.
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | Nothing is really meaningfully agile because "agile" isnt
             | really a meaningful thing. It's something everyone projects
             | their desires onto.
             | 
             | Fast feedback loops were never part of the core stated
             | values.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | That's just not true. See here:
               | https://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html
               | 
               | All of these statements are about optimising the
               | development feedback loop:
               | 
               | > early and continuous delivery of valuable software.
               | 
               | > Welcome changing requirements, even late in
               | 
               | > Agile processes harness change for the customer's
               | competitive advantage.
               | 
               | > Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of
               | weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the
               | shorter timescale.
               | 
               | > The most efficient and effective method of conveying
               | information to and within a development team is face-to-
               | face conversation.
               | 
               | > At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to
               | become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its
               | behavior accordingly.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | > "SCRUM... only exists so that companies can signal
             | agility and management consultancies can sell agility."
             | 
             | many companies employ scrum that way, but it's not
             | instrinsic to scrum. it really depends on where the locus
             | of control is. if it's firmly outside the team, it doesn't
             | matter which methodology you use, you're looked at as cogs
             | in the machine, as order takers. the locus needs to be in,
             | or at the very least, right next to, the team for any kind
             | of agile development to work. it's usually top-down
             | hierarchy that causes that kind of friction and expectation
             | mismatch.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | But if the team has the impetus to change the processes,
               | they can get rid of the SCRUM rituals that don't work for
               | them. Given that it comes with quite a few, bottom up
               | SCRUM will inevitably change into an actual agile system
               | suited to the team.
               | 
               | I've never worked in a team (or run a team) where SCRUM
               | was kept wholesale by the team or anything other than
               | SCRUM sprints were chosen by management.
        
         | rileymat2 wrote:
         | I am sure they are out there, but I have never met a "balanced"
         | full stack engineer, unless they were equally bad at all
         | levels.
        
           | meesterdude wrote:
           | As a full stack engineer, I too am surprised at how hard it
           | is for people to straddle both. I think that only came about
           | for me, from building my own projects end to end.
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | people have different strengths and perspectives (the non-
             | sphericalness of real people) so it's not surprising that
             | folks gravitate towards an area of strength/interest even
             | if they can functionally work on the 'full stack'. as a
             | 'full stack' dabbler[0], i enjoy the view layer stuff the
             | most, but not so much with the js-dominant frontends of
             | current fashion. for that reason, i'm really digging
             | hotwire as a retro-futurist take on server-side-rendered-
             | but-reactive web dev (along with cousins like livewire &
             | htmx).
             | 
             | [0]: product manager who likes to make stuff, in my case
        
             | rileymat2 wrote:
             | Yeah, I would consider myself full stack, but when it comes
             | to css I definitely tweak and pray like a hobbyist, not a
             | professional. I can change and implement front end as
             | maintenance or evolution, but God help me if I start in
             | greenfield front ends.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Mc91 wrote:
         | > Everyone seems to boil down to...simply trust the process
         | 
         | In older days business would say what they wanted, engineering
         | would give a time estimate, and then we get to work with a
         | deadline both commit to - the waterfall method.
         | 
         | With scrum, business says what they want when they want
         | (although preferably at the beginning of a quarter), but no
         | real estimates are done and thus no deadlines, work comes in
         | and is prioritized. This entails the micromanagement of daily
         | standups, stories needing to be broken into bite-sized sprint
         | length segments etc.
         | 
         | Except we still wind up with deadlines, sometimes not even
         | communicated until the team is into the work already. So it is
         | the worst of all worlds - engineering gives no estimates,
         | micromanagement of daily standups and features needing to be
         | broken into small sprint length problems, plus, what was
         | supposed to go away but has not - deadlines - not estimated by
         | engineering, but handed down as fiat from somewhere in
         | management. This might not be "real scrum", but it is how it
         | works in more than one company that is supposedly working in
         | the agile/scrum method.
        
           | sodapopcan wrote:
           | Right, that's not scrum. That's picking aspects of it, doing
           | them wrong, and calling it scrum. Just because that's what
           | many business chose to do doesn't mean that it has no value
           | of done "right". For example, standup is not a "prove that
           | you got something done yesterday" meeting, it's about making
           | a plan for the day. Many businesses treat as such, but that's
           | just wrong. And toxic.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | Agreed. The issue I've frequently run into is business side
             | thinking "we need all this, and by this date". Then trying
             | to apply "agile" on top of this assumption. It never works
             | out with that mindset.
        
       | boffinism wrote:
       | Am I the only one who would have preferred this idea to be
       | expressed as an idea rather than an anecdote that features the
       | author changing the life of a grateful acolyte with their
       | incredible wisdom?
        
         | cateye wrote:
         | Thought exactly the same.
         | 
         | I was once walking on the street and someone asked me: -"Do you
         | know which direction I need to walk to get to a metro station?"
         | 
         | I answered: -"Don't search for direction, accept the presence
         | to live a happy life."
         | 
         | The person looked me in the eyes suddenly extremely happy. All
         | his fears were gone. He turned around walked away knowing he
         | was now a totally different human with a clear mind.
         | 
         | He probably lived happily ever after.
        
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