[HN Gopher] The staggering ecological impacts of computation and...
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       The staggering ecological impacts of computation and the cloud
        
       Author : _Microft
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2022-02-20 18:56 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thereader.mitpress.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thereader.mitpress.mit.edu)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | Update for today:
       | 
       | "We wanna be free! We wanna be free to do what we wanna do. We
       | wanna be free to compute! We wanna be free to run our virtual
       | machines without being hassled by The Man. And we wanna get
       | bitcoins. And we wanna have a good time. And that's what we're
       | gonna do. We are gonna have a good time. We are gonna have a LAN
       | party."
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | And now I need to listen to Loaded by Primal Scream. Thank you
         | :)
        
           | blacksmith_tb wrote:
           | Surely you mean Mudhoney's "In 'n' Out of Grace" (or even The
           | Wild Angels, since that's where both sampled it from).
        
       | Shadonototra wrote:
       | bad software and slow code should be heavily taxed
        
         | ozfive wrote:
         | How do you suggest doing that? Measure all VM usage and if CPU
         | memory usage to service ratio is too high it would be taxed?
        
         | TOMDM wrote:
         | The "tax" is already baked in, it costs more to run poorly
         | optimised code.
         | 
         | What we need is a carbon tax, then wasteful use of electricity
         | can funnel back into paying for its impact.
        
           | abecedarius wrote:
           | > paying for its impact
           | 
           | The rationale of a carbon tax is to make prices account for
           | the externality, so that people use carbon-emitting energy
           | where it's still worth it, and stop where it's not. (And over
           | time encourage everyone to find better ways to do things.)
           | 
           | You might see this as a quibble, but there's so much
           | misunderstanding. E.g. the #1 objection is about the expense
           | to poor people, but if all this tax revenue went straight
           | back to a UBI it would not affect the above logic. The
           | objection does have force if it's "funneled back into paying
           | for its impact" instead.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | The Australian Government circa 2010 introduced a carbon
           | tax... it was one of the first governments in the world to do
           | so. It causes prices to go up, miners to threaten to close
           | mines as costs became too high, basically it was a shit show
           | and the government went to election against a conservative
           | party promising to remove the tax and make it impossible to
           | bring it back, ever, if it won... of course, it won and has
           | remained in power since then. Today, Australia is probably
           | one of the worst offenders when it comes to carbon emissions
           | per-capita, and its Government is hostile to carbon emission
           | reductions except when it costs no jobs, no taxes and no
           | worries to anyone , i.e. never.
           | 
           | I think we can see this scenario playing up again in quite a
           | few other countries, unfortunately... for this reason, I
           | don't think taxes will solve the problem.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Here in America we make it difficult to deploy natural gas,
             | so we burn more coal instead.
        
       | kixiQu wrote:
       | * The Jevons paradox seems really relevant but there's no
       | analysis done. The predecessors to the cloud seem important to
       | look at if you're being honest about analysis of efficiency,
       | but...
       | 
       | * "While in technical parlance the "Cloud" might refer to the
       | pooling of computing resources over a network, in popular
       | culture, "Cloud" has come to signify and encompass the full gamut
       | of infrastructures that make online activity possible, everything
       | from Instagram to Hulu to Google Drive." Okay, so we're using a
       | definition of "the 'Cloud'" that extends to the services that run
       | on it. Tricky to evaluate cost-benefit if you're doing that, but
       | okay, sure. "Today, the electricity utilized by data centers
       | accounts for 0.3 percent of overall carbon emissions, and if we
       | extend our accounting to include networked devices like laptops,
       | smartphones, and tablets, the total shifts to 2 percent of global
       | carbon emissions." Sorry, _what_? So you don 't actually mean
       | cloud computing when you say "the Cloud", you mean _everything
       | connected to the Internet_?
       | 
       | * All of the stuff about the wastefulness of protection against
       | failure seems pretty sketchy to me, especially when considering
       | that the preceding systems had all of the redundancy of every
       | business that needed compute having its own physical servers
       | scaled for peak. But again, there's no consideration of "what did
       | we use to have" or "what would we need if we didn't have this"...
       | 
       | * Putting in a quote like "It festers in his mind, clawing at his
       | thoughts, probing his sanity, poisoning him with a constant spell
       | of dread and anxiety." to color the locals' objection to noise is
       | _pretty dramatic_ , so there must be good evidence for how awful
       | it is, right? "Over the course of my fieldwork with the
       | communities of Chandler and Printer's Row, I learned that the
       | "noise" of the Cloud uniquely eludes regulatory schemes. In many
       | cases, the loudness of the data centers, as measured in decibels
       | (dB), falls below the threshold of intolerance as prescribed by
       | local ordinances. For this reason, when residents contacted the
       | authorities to intervene, to attenuate or quiet their noise, no
       | action was taken, because the data centers had not technically
       | violated the law, and their properties were zoned for industrial
       | purposes. However, upon closer interrogation of the sound, some
       | residents reported that the monotonal drone, a frequency hovering
       | within the range of human speech, is particularly disturbing,
       | given the attuned sensitivity of human ears to discern such
       | frequencies above others. Even so, there were days when the data
       | centers, running diesel generators, vastly exceeded permissible
       | decibel-thresholds for noise." .... So I'm supposed to read
       | "uniquely eludes regulatory schemes" as... "isn't as loud as the
       | limits for the relevant zoning." Cool. How elusive of them. What
       | are the limits supposed to be? How often are they being exceeded?
       | Why should I give credence to "some residents" on the importance
       | of the frequency -- shouldn't there be studies about that? I live
       | in an area with noise pollution so I am fully willing to take
       | this issue seriously, and I can believe that the existing
       | regulation isn't catching what it should, but this doesn't read
       | like someone being serious about presenting the issue!
       | 
       | * "Historian Nathan Ensmenger writes that a single desktop
       | computer requires 240 kilograms of fossil fuels, 22 kilograms of
       | chemicals, and 1,500 kilograms of water to manufacture. The
       | servers that fill the halls of data centers are dense,
       | specialized assets, with some units valued in the tens of
       | thousands of U.S. dollars." So the implication slithering between
       | these sentences are that servers are worse than desktops vis-a-
       | vis environmental impact of physical production, and desktops are
       | really bad... but that's not actually _shown_ by the fact that
       | servers are expensive.
       | 
       | * "Even with these sustainability initiatives in place,
       | environmental organizations like Greenpeace estimate that less
       | than 16 percent of the tons of e-waste generated annually is
       | recycled." Yes! This is a huge problem! Only... what percent of
       | that is consumer-level and what percent industrial? Is cloud
       | computing less efficient re: e-waste? The author seems to be
       | saying that we should leave things in use until they break, but,
       | well, in practice that's kind of all those standards codify
       | anyway.
       | 
       | Ugh ugh ugh ugh ugh. I really care about the environmental impact
       | of data centers and computing, and I want more people to care,
       | but I want them to have better material to work with than this
       | suggestive hand-wavey piece that _isn 't even compelling from an
       | anthropological perspective._
        
       | dfdz wrote:
       | >Today, the electricity utilized by data centers accounts for 0.3
       | percent of overall carbon emissions
       | 
       | So The Cloud, arguably the peak of human technology, uses
       | contributes a tiny fraction of our total carbon emissions. Is
       | curbing this technology in in any major way a productive way to
       | reduce our emissions?
       | 
       | These emissions are all electricity usage converted to carbon
       | emissions. Would it not be more productive to focus on
       | transitioning all power generation to solar, wind, hydro,
       | nuclear, etc?
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Same way I feel when someone here tells me I should dither my
         | PNGs or something to save the planet. Not eating a single steak
         | would offset my entire life of using the internet.
        
       | floodle wrote:
       | This is besides the actual topic, but the typesetting on this
       | website is just beautiful. It's a pleasure to read; almost like a
       | print magazine.
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | Off-topic but I said [0] a similar thing about another website
         | not long ago. Maybe you like that too:
         | 
         | https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/walmart-but-for-...
         | 
         | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30321310
        
       | waynecochran wrote:
       | I live near the Columbia River where Google, Facebook, Microsoft
       | all have data centers that rely on hydroelectric power. The dams
       | produce clean energy, provide waterway for barges, prevent
       | flooding, allow for recreation, and can back up water at night
       | when demand for electricity is low. As the salmon fisherman will
       | tell you, the salmon have adapted to the fish ladders and are
       | spawning in the Columbia's tributaries. Yet there are still
       | political forces that want to breach these dams. Nothing is
       | ideal, but hydroelectric energy is about as close as you can get
       | to ideal in the Pacific Northwest.
        
         | waynecochran wrote:
         | Edit: My comment concerning salmon was poor. The fisherman I
         | know who fish above Bonneville, The Dalles, and even above the
         | John Day dams do catch salmon have good reports, but this is
         | only local and anecdotal. We know there are places where salmon
         | are spawning where they haven't in 80 years which gives hope,
         | but doesn't provide a good overall indicator. The dams have
         | been a tough on the Salmon.
        
           | ej3 wrote:
           | Thanks for that. I hate to nit pick, but the issues
           | surrounding the dams in the Columbia river basin are so
           | complex and frustrating.. I honestly don't even know who or
           | what is right at any given moment. I've torched friendships
           | debating culling - not even sure I was right or they were.
           | It's just horrible. Everything about it.
           | 
           | The dams are hugely beneficial to society. The produce energy
           | and expedite inland commerce, and that makes us all better
           | off. At the same time everything comes at a cost, and the
           | costs are easily just as catastrophic.
           | 
           | I've seen rivers three times the size of the Columbia that
           | have no dams. They are like the arteries of the Earth. They
           | wend and breathe through existence itself. Heave and fall
           | feet in hours. To see this, to be near it is to feel
           | everything upstream. It's like looking into the night sky,
           | but instead of making you feel small it connects you.
           | 
           | The Columbia is dead. I get itchy about it because we've lost
           | that and no one even knows anymore. We long ago muted a voice
           | that used to sing to us, but people will only consider the
           | loss in economic terms - salmon fisheries. We can't even talk
           | about things like humans anymore.
        
         | golemotron wrote:
         | Consumption really can lead to the development of clean energy
         | sources. People need to develop a growth-mindset on this issue.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | Consumption cannot scale to infinity. There's little harm in
           | periodically taking account of the externalities of the
           | things we value.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
        
               | kodah wrote:
               | > The current mindset in California is to cut down life
               | style and eat bugs.
               | 
               | I live in CA, the valley specifically. I get why you have
               | this image in your head, but I'm telling you it's not
               | true. There are loads of normal people out here, with a
               | select few very loud voices on certain topics. The
               | problems those loud voices cause societally is likely
               | more than their worth. This is true across the political
               | ecosystem from what I've seen. It's not worth judging
               | large groups of people by the loud and thorny voices
               | among them.
        
             | cameronh90 wrote:
             | Perhaps not infinity, but if we manage to exploit space
             | then it'd be close enough.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | That's a big 'if'. And IMO pointless to explore seriously
               | until we can sustain ourselves on our native planet.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | We don't need to it to scale to infinity. It's a weird
             | objection. It's like saying human lifespans can't grow to
             | infinity so we should stop trying to be healthy.
             | 
             | The truth is, humanity can continue to be more productive
             | and efficient for millions more years. We can do more with
             | less like we've been doing for centuries.
             | 
             | For example, the US economy is bigger than ever, yet we
             | emit less carbon than we did 10 years ago, both total and
             | on a per capita basis.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | This logic is really no different from stupid Bitcoiner logic
           | that PoW induces demand for cheap clean energy.
        
         | barkingcat wrote:
         | Salmon in the Pacific Northwest on the whole is dying. The
         | entire salmon fishery will go extinct. Don't know where you get
         | your information from, but Salmon in the Pacific Northwest is
         | going the way of the cod fisheries in the North American
         | Eastern seaboard.
         | 
         | Don't believe what your "salmon fisherman" will tell you -
         | their whole purpose in life, their raison d'etre is to fish the
         | salmon until every single last one is gone. Then they will move
         | to another place to fish.
        
         | bahmboo wrote:
         | The fish have not adapted to the fish ladders and no salmon
         | fisherman will tell you that. The dams do a lot but helping
         | fish or the ecology is not on that list.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zw123456 wrote:
         | Agree E. WA is a great place for server farms.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, lately there is a push for lower network
         | latency, and in response to that, there are now a lot of Edge
         | Cloud clusters being built near urban areas where various
         | fossil fuel power plants to meet peak loads or load leveling
         | are often used.
         | 
         | Putting these edge cloud server farms in those areas will cause
         | the carbon producing facilities to be activated more often.
         | That low latency comes at a price to the environment more so
         | than the centralized ones positioned in places like E. WA.
        
         | textman wrote:
         | Sockeye salomon returning from the Pacific via Columbia R. to
         | the Stanley basin in Idaho dropped from over 25000 to a few
         | dozen. That is not adapting, rather, approaching extinction.
         | https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/sockeye-salmon-return-...
        
         | ej3 wrote:
         | > As the salmon fisherman will tell you...
         | 
         | This is objectively false. Salmon populations are more often
         | than not considered in decline. The fish haven't "figured it
         | out". They marginally persist solely due to intensive
         | management that plainly consists of atrocities for species less
         | popular in the media [0][1], millions spent on fish ladder
         | theatre, and hatcheries.
         | 
         | The dominant mechanism in support of the fisheries being
         | hatcheries that are basically a strangely laundered welfare
         | program for indigenous, sport and professional fishermen each
         | to their licensed proportion.
         | 
         | If you live in the Dalles, and you don't know the Columbia
         | basin damns are an ecological nightmare.. it's unconscionable.
         | 
         | Not to mention the displacement of indigenous peoples from
         | important traditional regions, the complete loss of stochastic
         | annual flows feeding nutrient cycles in the river... etc etc.
         | 
         | Im no eco-activist. I don't necessarily think removing the dams
         | would improve anything for anyone at this point, but if we're
         | going to advocate for doing things a better way in the future -
         | let's be honest: dams are horrible. The dams on the Columbia
         | will eventually result in no salmon, no matter how hard we try.
         | It's inhospitable. They used to run all the way up the snake
         | into Idaho. Into IDAHO. Never again.
         | 
         | It's ok to advocate for energy, and the things you believe in,
         | but let's not be belligerent about it - be honest.
         | 
         | In the Astoria maritime museum (several years ago now) I
         | remember reading a passage that was proud of "..taming the wild
         | Columbia, and turning it into a beautiful series of lakes and
         | streams to wonderfully facilitate shipping and recreation.."
         | 
         | Some hutzpah, to think we know what we're doing.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.audubon.org/news/the-corps-cormorants-and-cull
         | [1] https://www.marinemammalcenter.org/news/response-to-
         | columbia...
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | Its great that these huge corporations use hydro power for
         | greenwashing, but there is a limit to how much hydro any river
         | can generate and it would be great to use these sources for
         | regular people and/or when there is no solar/wind.
        
         | vanusa wrote:
         | _The salmon have adapted to the fish ladders_
         | 
         | That's a strange use of "adapted", there. The logic here seems
         | to be:
         | 
         | "Sure, salmon and trout numbers have gone down -- but not _all_
         | runs have been _completely_ wiped out. Therefore, they have
         | "adapted" and there's really nothing to worry about. All so-
         | called scientists talking about a 98 percent reduction in
         | return counts since 1880, and warning that some runs are on the
         | verge of extinction due to the combined effects of habitat
         | reduction and climate change -- they have no idea what they're
         | talking about, really."
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _Especially in Virginia's "data center alley," the site of 70
       | percent of the world's internet traffic in 2019._
       | 
       | Too much internet infrastructure is optimized for wiretapping.
       | There's no other good reason for so much near CIA HQ.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | It's also a patently absurd statistic by any possible measure.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I've often wondered if a "slow" datacenter could be created, that
       | used low power processors. Amazon, for example, could offer a
       | cheaper AWS tier that used the low power datacenter. Not
       | everything needs to be fast. I'm perfectly happy with many jobs
       | on my computer taking all night.
        
         | grogenaut wrote:
         | It's called graviton. Also from what I hear internally (at a
         | subsidiary), price of service is mostly correlated to carbon
         | footprint as power is a large factor in pricing. Yes there are
         | profit percentages / etc but it's not a bad huristic.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | Is there a chance it would be more efficient to run a
         | relatively fast processor and race to idle instead?
        
         | d0gsg0w00f wrote:
         | AWS has announced an upcoming carbon footprint calculator that
         | I'm excited to play with that will help to optimize this sort
         | of thing.
         | 
         | https://www.inc.com/kevin-j-ryan/amazon-carbon-footprint-too...
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | The tiny (non-dedicated) instance types on AWS probably
         | multiplex hundreds of guests on a single host.
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | Or just use arm instead of intel frying pans.
        
           | colpabar wrote:
           | They were touting their graviton (arm) powered instance types
           | a lot at last year's reinvent.
           | 
           | https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/graviton/
        
       | georgeoliver wrote:
       | Sure you can document the ecological impact, but who's measuring
       | the economic/cultural/social impact (positive and/or negative)?
       | How do I measure an airline-sized carbon impact against a billion
       | cat videos? Is there even a framework for that kind of
       | accounting?
       | 
       | Until there is I think no amount of documentation is going to
       | change people's behavior in the large. IMO the article is much
       | better when citing specific impacts like noise pollution and
       | water rights abuse.
        
       | novok wrote:
       | What previous resource intensive activities are these data
       | centers replacing although? We used to ship far more paper around
       | by parcel, and store them in temperature controlled rooms and
       | shops in dispersed locations be it books, legal documents and
       | more. Things that used to be air flights are now video calls.
       | Videotapes, DVDs and video stores replaced by efficient
       | streaming. Photographs stay on digital media instead of paper
       | media. We fell trees and had 'paper' data centers in the form of
       | pulp mills, which are also resource intensive industrial plants
       | in remote locations.
       | 
       | Yes we still have paper and lots of it, but now it's
       | significantly reduced.
       | 
       | When you look at the internet and the telephone compared to what
       | we replaced it with, the internet comes out far, far ahead in
       | environmentally friendliness.
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | I am not sure paper usage is down. Overall, humanity is using
         | more than ever.
         | 
         | As for video calls, they don't need massive data centres since
         | it's supposed to be p2p for all sorts of reasons.
         | 
         | I am struggling to get where you come from. The actual content
         | is so wrong, that it seems satirical, yet it's presented in a
         | very serious, almost patronising way
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Overall humanity is much larger and richer than it was 40
           | years ago. Paper use includes packaging, plates, toilet
           | paper, etc so it's hard to get actual numbers as it relates
           | to IT. Especially when recycling initiatives have resulted in
           | new uses for lower grade paper products.
           | 
           | That said, personally I am way down due to IT not just
           | replacing forms but also physical books, newspapers, and even
           | bills.
        
           | roca wrote:
           | P2P can't work once you have more than a few participants.
        
         | ssivark wrote:
         | > Yes we still have paper and lots of it, but now it's
         | significantly reduced.
         | 
         | But a la Jevons Paradox [1] I'm sure the total amount of
         | information being shuttled around now is far more than what was
         | being sent around on paper -- bu orders of magnitude. So it's
         | not at all clear that we still have a lower net ecological
         | footprint.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox
        
         | shadowofneptune wrote:
         | That assumes the same amount of information is being passed
         | around. The ease of the modern internet has led to more work
         | being produced for servers to process. No video site 10 years
         | ago had HD enabled by default, for instance.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | We used to print out a few dozen photos a year. Now my wife
         | takes that many photos at lunch time- then backed up to 3
         | locations forever.
        
       | open-source-ux wrote:
       | What about calculating the ecological impact of the programming
       | languages running on those 'cloud' servers?
       | 
       | Some of the most popular languages are the least performative (we
       | all know which ones), but they make life easier for developers.
       | 
       | Thankfully, newer languages take performance seriously: Rust, Go,
       | Nim, Crystal. A typed, compiled language gives you good
       | performance for free and a smaller memory footprint (and the
       | reduced computing resources that implies). When you consider the
       | millions of servers in use, that additional language efficiency
       | adds up to a substantial saving in electricity use.
       | 
       | In the computing field, we readily encourage throwing cheap
       | hardware at a performance problem until a program runs fast. It's
       | embarrassing that the "hardware is cheap" attitude is so
       | widespread among developers. Imagine if a manufacturer said that
       | they were going to make energy-guzzling fridges/washing machines
       | or other appliances without regard to energy-efficiency.
       | 
       | In programming, everything is for the ease and comfort of the
       | programmer and anything else takes a back seat - the user, energy
       | use and ultimately the environment.
       | 
       |  _Aside - If you think programming language energy usage a
       | ridiculous topic, consider the follow_ :
       | 
       | The creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf, calculated potential CO2
       | savings due to speed improvements in PHP 7: fewer servers,
       | smaller memory use and reduced CPU activity. (And remember this
       | is an interpreted language.) You can watch a segment from his
       | presentation below where he talks about the calculations he made
       | of potential CO2 savings:
       | 
       | Rasmus Lerdorf - "PHP in 2018" (extract from the 15 min mark):
       | https://youtu.be/umxGUWYmiSw?t=15m16s
        
         | throwaway17_17 wrote:
         | Here are two papers on this topic. In particular, the first is
         | the shorter version (with a better/more journal friendly
         | layout) and second is basically the technical report for the
         | research. It does show some support for your hypothesis
         | compiled languages are more energy efficient. C ranks in at #1
         | and Python is last at #15.
         | 
         | There is also a paper that I can't find (I'm on my phone) that
         | was done in conjunction with a Google researcher that reaches
         | similar conclusions.
         | 
         | 1 - https://greenlab.di.uminho.pt/wp-
         | content/uploads/2017/10/sle...
         | 
         | 2 - https://haslab.github.io/SAFER/scp21.pdf
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Pretty much exactly as accurate as you'd expect from an
       | ethnographer holding forth on datacenter thermodynamics.
       | 
       | "Today, power-hungry computer room air conditioners (CRACs) or
       | computer room air handlers (CRAHs) are staples of even the most
       | advanced data centers."
       | 
       | False. The absence of CRACs is, in fact, the defining
       | characteristic of "the most advanced data centers".
       | 
       | "In most data centers today, cooling accounts for greater than 40
       | percent of electricity usage."
       | 
       | That might be true if the statement is weighted improperly, but
       | for advanced large-scale cloud data centers, the figure is more
       | like 8%.
       | 
       | "Virginia's "data center alley," the site of 70 percent of the
       | world's internet traffic"
       | 
       | This author has no idea what they are talking about.
        
         | mmmBacon wrote:
         | Yep. The amount of power that can be pulled to a building is a
         | difficult thing to change. So the biggest cloud companies try
         | to maximize the amount of power used for compute. There is a
         | metric for this called Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). It's
         | the ratio of totally energy usage to energy used for compute.
         | Most modern cloud companies have PUEs <1.3.
         | 
         | Here's a great link showing Google's PUE.
         | https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/efficiency/
         | 
         | The data centers in Ashburn, Virginia are mostly leased
         | facilities and these kinds of facilities are more of the
         | traditional raised floor air conditioning type facilities.
         | However these facilities are also quite efficient with PUEs in
         | the 1.6 range.
         | 
         | https://sustainability.equinix.com/environment/energy-effici...
         | 
         | Digital Realty Claims to have some sites with PUE <1.12
         | 
         | https://sustainability.equinix.com/environment/energy-effici...
        
         | rp3 wrote:
         | The stat about Virginia receiving 70% of all internet traffic
         | seems to be often repeated: https://www.vedp.org/industry/data-
         | centers
         | 
         | I can't find where that stat comes from, however. As for
         | everything else you said, it would be great to have sources. As
         | far as I know, cooling is one of the major costs of running a
         | data center. It would be illuminating to know why that's now
         | false.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | The 70% thing came from a business development official in
           | Loudoun County, a person whose job is to promulgate
           | misleading boosterism. It doesn't make even a sliver of sense
           | to someone who thinks it over for a moment.
           | 
           | Cooling _is_ a major data center cost, but it 's not 40% any
           | more. All of the major datacenter operators claim a PUE of
           | 1.11 or less. Facebook has been the most open and vocal about
           | how they achieve this, for example at
           | https://tech.fb.com/hyperefficient-data-centers/ (scroll down
           | to "Systems").
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | > Steven Gonzales Monserrate is an anthropologist and a PhD
       | candidate
       | 
       | Maybe this person should stick to studying skull sizes or
       | whatever it is an anthropologist studies these days. I'm sorry to
       | say, but what a load of horse shit.
       | 
       | Yes, data centers use energy. Essentially all of the big cloud
       | providers have committed to carbon neutrality, most of them are
       | pretty far done with getting there, and essentially all of them
       | already source the vast majority of their power from renewables
       | at this point. That's not just because it is greener, but also
       | because it is cheaper.
       | 
       | Amazon, Google, Microsoft, etc. each maintain nice web pages on
       | how far they are with these plans.
       | 
       | - Amazon is shooting for 2025 for 100% carbon neutral energy.
       | https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/environment/the-cloud...
       | 
       | - Microsoft plans for carbon negative by 2030:
       | https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-b...
       | 
       | - Google claims to have been carbon neutral since 2007 and plans
       | to be carbon free by 2030 as well:
       | https://sustainability.google/commitments-europe/
       | 
       | That's a trend with many other manufacturers as well. E.g. lots
       | of automotive manufacturers. If there's a deep conspiracy where
       | these companies are lying about what they are doing, that would
       | be news worthy of course. But, I suspect that most of these
       | companies are simply getting very good at managing absurdly high
       | degrees of energy and water efficiency and cost.
       | 
       | Kind of counters the message of the article / the author's world
       | view of course. So, instead this author is dragging in all sorts
       | of things: waste problems, hypertension in people, "computational
       | whir of data centers is not merely an annoyance, but a source of
       | mental and physical harm". I mean, what the actual F** is he
       | going on about here?! What's the point here? Modern technology is
       | bad? Is there a point at all?
        
       | globalise83 wrote:
       | A lot of the time people watching cat videos aren't travelling by
       | car or airline, so the net impact is quite subtle.
        
         | rossjudson wrote:
         | NFTs close the crypto loop back to cat videos. So now it's
         | really cat videos all the way down.
        
       | rodgerd wrote:
       | Something near and dear to my heart - it's painful watching NZ
       | shift its compute footprint from local hydro sources to coal-
       | fired in NSW.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | I assume you are talking about New Zealand and New South Wales
         | here?
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | Yes
        
         | roca wrote:
         | AWS and Azure opening data centres here should help.
        
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