[HN Gopher] Chernobyl power plant captured by Russian forces
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Chernobyl power plant captured by Russian forces
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 343 points
       Date   : 2022-02-24 18:23 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | jsiaajdsdaa wrote:
        
         | ascii_pasta wrote:
         | It seem like maybe Ukraine should have kept theirs...
        
         | yabones wrote:
         | Do you really understand the implications of that statement?
        
           | Miner49er wrote:
           | Maybe OP is a Posadist.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | Thanks for the rabbithole history lesson, reminds me of
             | Bannon's "deconstruct the state" angle, an optimism that
             | somehow things can improve after everything is destroyed...
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | We had a good run. Time for some small reptiles to try their
           | hand at civilization next.
        
       | Bud wrote:
       | Unclear to me why Reuters articles seem officially blessed on HN
       | in the face of superior reporting from NYT or WaPo, etc.
       | 
       | I guess the original reason for preferring Reuters or AP was,
       | avoiding a paywall, but now of course, Reuters has a paywall.
       | 
       | So I would opine that the traditional flagging/downvoting of NYT
       | links for this kind of story, in favor of Reuters, should cease.
        
       | charliea0 wrote:
       | The Russian forces seem to be trying to encircle or assault Kyiv.
       | 
       | I think they've taken the nuclear plant because it is a
       | defensible point along their shortest line of advance. They
       | wouldn't want to move past it without controlling the site.
        
         | davidzweig wrote:
         | It appears there are two bridges across the pripyat river in
         | the vicinity, next crossing is nearly 100km south inside Kiev
         | city.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | I think they seized it because they need the general area to
         | move their troops. In that case they can't tolerate Ukrainian
         | troops there, but somebody has to be in control and responsible
         | for this site to ensure, among other things, no terrorists make
         | off with radioactive material.
         | 
         | I'm totally condemning the Russian actions, but in this
         | particular case they may be acting somewhat responsibly. Unlike
         | with the bombing of civilians or the whole damn war in the
         | first place!
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | > but somebody has to be in control and responsible for this
           | site to ensure, among other things, no terrorists make off
           | with radioactive material
           | 
           | Please... Russians will just use it for their propaganda as a
           | support to the claim that Ukraine was working on nuclear
           | weapons.
        
           | drekipus wrote:
           | > Unlike with the bombing of civilians or the whole damn war
           | in the first place!
           | 
           | Has this happened? Ukrainian civilians bombed?
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | Never believe anybody who says attacks are "surgical" or
             | "limited to strategic objectives" - bombs and shrapnels
             | don't look at documents. War is war, civilian casualties
             | are always inevitable. That doesn't mean we shouldn't try
             | to keep their numbers down, of course - in fact, it means
             | war should never be waged, because innocents will always be
             | caught in it.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Some Ukrainian Hospitals have been struck by artillery. No
             | one knows if it was on purpose or not, but either way
             | that's pretty bad since the world is still suffering from
             | the COVID19 pandemic.
        
               | anothernewdude wrote:
               | The Russian Hospital seeking missiles are famous since
               | Syria.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Yep, multiple cities, including Kyiv, Mariupol, Odessa,
             | Lviv were bombed, and there's videos out there of civilian
             | buildings destroyed.
        
             | herpderperator wrote:
             | Yes. A cyclist can be seen going about their life before a
             | bomb lands in front of them. The proximity would have sent
             | shrapnel directly into them. They did not survive. It is
             | extremely sad and awful to watch unfold. Warning: the
             | second video contains gore.
             | https://twitter.com/realistqx1/status/1496757503195029508
             | and https://twitter.com/zyundex/status/1496735074720563203
        
             | matmatmatmat wrote:
             | Whether deliberately or not, yes.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | Or they just want to cut power supply to the Ukraine capital.
           | Occam's razor.
        
             | smsm42 wrote:
             | The station has been shut down since 2000. There's no power
             | supply there.
        
               | Arrath wrote:
               | Could it still be an important part of the distribution
               | network? Lines, substations, etc.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | It's simply the shortest and simplest path from Belarus
               | to Kiev. It has strategic military value.
        
             | garaetjjte wrote:
             | Chernobyl power plant isn't operational since 2000.
        
             | bjtitus wrote:
             | Is any part of Chernobyl still in operation? It seems like
             | everything was shut down by 2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/
             | wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant).
        
               | odiroot wrote:
               | I stand corrected then!
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Also, either side would be pretty reluctant to bomb it, or
         | otherwise battle too hard close to it. It's a great position to
         | hold if you can.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | They probably don't want to damage the structure itself, but
           | the exclusion zone around it is quite large with little risk
           | of collateral damage (possibly easier to engage).
        
             | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
             | There is a lot of contamination that was simply buried
             | underneath the topsoil during the cleanup efforts. Bombing
             | or artillery strikes would likely cause some of that to be
             | kicked back up into the atmosphere.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "It's a great position to hold if you can."
           | 
           | It is a great position to hold and fight in, because the area
           | is pretty empty of civilians. And russia must avoid ukranian
           | (russian in their eyes) civilian casualties, to not loose the
           | little popular support they have for this war.
           | 
           | And neither side will be so stupid to directly bomb the
           | remains of the reactor, but I think it would need a serious
           | direct bombing, for radiation to leak out. I don't think
           | there can be still a major uncontrolled chain reaction. The
           | worst that can happen under normal circumstances, is
           | radiation leaking out.
           | 
           | (but all this is from the back of my head knowledge, about
           | documentaries about chernobyl, I might be wrong)
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | I don't think Putin is worried about loss of life of
             | Ukrainian citizens. He is worried about losing soldiers, or
             | more importantly dead soldiers being repatriated on the
             | news. They will cover up civilian casualties or blame them
             | on Ukrainian troops. The only support for this will come
             | from Russia domestically and it is that which he seeks to
             | maintain with this war. Which I'm guessing he hoped would
             | be quick and decisive, avoiding the bloodshed of Russian
             | soldiers that will be his undoing at home.
        
               | csee wrote:
               | He should be worried about catastrophic losses like that,
               | it'd be a propaganda coup against him. Small scale
               | killings can be swept under the rug though.
        
               | drekipus wrote:
               | This isn't the US in Iraq, we're talking about Russia and
               | Ukraine here
        
               | csee wrote:
               | Russia still has social media. A catastrophic loss of
               | Ukranian civilians in one event won't get buried easily.
        
               | beaconstudios wrote:
               | However, as an autocratic state, I wouldn't be surprised
               | if Russian social media was shut down if it was used to
               | spread messages contrary to state propaganda.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "I don't think Putin is worried about loss of life of
               | Ukrainian citizens."
               | 
               | Then he would just shell and flatten all the ukrainian
               | cities. Russia has air superiority as far as I know.
        
               | EugeneOZ wrote:
               | Putin just wants to create another puppet-state, same as
               | Belarus. He absolutely doesn't care about the lives of
               | civilians, but ruining the infrastructure is not in his
               | plans (only strategical infrastructure)
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | Every city he doesn't shell, is a city he doesn't have to
               | rebuild. Roads and other pieces of infrastructure are
               | valuable, no matter how old.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | And every ukrainian with family ties to russias heartland
               | that not dies, is one family less to worry about
               | politically.
        
             | anothernewdude wrote:
             | Then their bombing of hospitals was a bit silly
        
             | bayesian_horse wrote:
             | The issue is not about bombing or not bombing it, also the
             | area is worthless from a strategic point of view.
             | 
             | It's just that somebody has to be in control of it, and the
             | Russians can't or don't want to depend on Ukrainian forces
             | to do that right now.
        
         | smsm42 wrote:
         | Also because it's very dangerous to attack a place where
         | there's a lot of radioactive waste being stored. And if things
         | go really bad, you can always pull off a "insane Ukrainians
         | just shelled the power plant and broke nuclear containment" -
         | if Russians can't have Kiev, nobody will have it.
        
           | yread wrote:
           | > An official familiar with current assessments said Russian
           | shelling hit a radioactive waste repository at Chernobyl, and
           | an increase in radiation levels was reported. The increase
           | could not be immediately corroborated.
           | 
           | You mean like this?
           | 
           | https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-chernobyl-russia-
           | invasion...
        
         | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
         | Also a great news bullet point in the information war. "Russian
         | forces taking Chernobyl" sounds much more familiar and much
         | more terrifying than "Russian forces taking Chernihiv region"
         | to all of us unfamiliar with the country. Even if strategically
         | realistically it's the latter that is more important than the
         | former.
        
           | godmode2019 wrote:
           | It also has the following affect: """Don't the Russians
           | already own Chernobyl? I guess it must not be in Russia. I
           | saw a movie and I think they were speaking Russian. Wow they
           | must be crazy actually entering a radiation zone, won't half
           | of the troops die from exposure. I wouldn't want my son
           | fighting those lunatics."""
        
             | gutitout wrote:
             | A lot of people there do speak Russian there. And yes it's
             | still radioactive, albeit less than a few decades ago. If
             | you're sending your son to fight, radiation probably the
             | last thing to kill him.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I think it would be crazy for another reason - there is
             | very little in that area that could be collateral damage,
             | and there's not really anyone who is supposed to be in
             | there. This should make it very easy to target forces in
             | the exclusion zone.
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | > The Russian forces seem to be trying to encircle or assault
         | Kyiv.
         | 
         | Yes, but although Putin is a bloody bastard, he's not stupid.
         | His plan isn't to take entire control of Ukraine militarily but
         | to swap the legit government with a puppet one he would control
         | at will. Once he succeed, which is a matter of a few days,
         | he'll gradually withdraw most of the forces, things will slowly
         | return to normal and in a few years Ukraine will essentially
         | (if not effectively) annex itself to Russia, with both the EU
         | and US doing nothing but economic sanctions Putin and the
         | oligarchs were long prepared against. Most of Europe depends on
         | Russian gas, which means the moment those sanctions become too
         | harsh is the moment he'll either cut our supply or further
         | raise the prices (my last heating bill already doubled). That's
         | his guarantee against any real action. I'm sorry, but Ukrainian
         | people are screwed.
        
           | pkulak wrote:
           | Holy crap, Europe needs to get off natural gas yesterday.
        
             | krzat wrote:
             | Shutting down atomic power in Germany was such a brilliant
             | move.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | > Shutting down atomic power in Germany was such a
               | brilliant move.
               | 
               | What's done is done. Europe has enough wind potential to
               | power the world [1]. Add solar [2], batteries,
               | transmission, pumped hydro, remaining operational
               | nuclear, and electrify everything (EVs, heat pumps, etc).
               | Fill the remainder with LNG shipments from the US in the
               | short term [3]. It's a national
               | defense/security/sovereignty issue now to get off of
               | Russian gas, and it should be treated as such with
               | regards to allocation of resources to speed the effort.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-
               | onshore-and-o...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/solar-
               | seen-clai...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/europe-
               | remains-top-d...
        
               | polotics wrote:
               | Europe does not have enough wind power potential to power
               | the world, by a very large margin. To power France with
               | wind, not just electricity but all energy needs including
               | oil, natgas, etc... you would need one large windmill for
               | every single square kilometer of the country...
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Research paper with data to provide a citation for my
               | assertion: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
               | abs/pii/S03014... |
               | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.064
               | 
               | I confirmed it's in SciHub if you want to grab a copy.
               | 
               | > The continuous development of onshore wind farms is an
               | important feature of the European transition towards an
               | energy system powered by distributed renewables and low-
               | carbon resources. This study assesses and simulates
               | potential for future onshore wind turbine installations
               | throughout Europe. The study depicts, via maps, all the
               | national and regional socio-technical restrictions and
               | regulations for wind project development using spatial
               | analysis conducted through GIS. The inputs for the
               | analyses were based on an original dataset compiled from
               | satellites and public databases relating to electricity,
               | planning, and other dimensions. Taking into consideration
               | socio-technical constraints, which restricts 54% of the
               | combined land area in Europe, the study reveals a
               | nameplate capacity of 52.5 TW of untapped onshore wind
               | power potential in Europe - equivalent to 1 MW per 16
               | European citizens - a supply that would be sufficient to
               | cover the global all-sector energy demand from now
               | through to 2050. The study offers a more rigorous, multi-
               | dimensional, and granular atlas of onshore wind energy
               | development that can assist with future energy policy,
               | research, and planning.
        
               | heurisko wrote:
               | I was/am pro-energy transition.
               | 
               | But it's obvious that it was too fast too soon.
               | Capability should have been built up before
               | decommissioning.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Yeah, this has been my frustration for a while. Honestly,
             | at this point just buy natural gas from a country that
             | isn't helmed by a warlord. Similarly, Germany
             | decommissioning its nuclear reactors isn't helping matters.
             | I genuinely wonder what short term solutions are feasible
             | with respect to decreasing dependence on Russian gas--can
             | Europe ramp up production of heat pumps or similar? Is
             | "Norway expanding its natural gas capacity" a reasonable
             | short term option? Would love to hear from people who know
             | anything about this.
        
             | labster wrote:
             | As a disgruntled climate scientist, I think Europe needs to
             | get off natural gas by 1990. It's not as if the security
             | benefits weren't obvious when we all were buying from the
             | Arab world, or the wider global security destabilization
             | caused by climate change.
        
               | pasabagi wrote:
               | The cancellation of the NS2 pipeline has been a silver
               | lining, even if it's hard to compare the long-term quanta
               | of brutality a given amount of CO2 leads to vs the short
               | term brutality of war.
        
             | selfhoster11 wrote:
             | Everyone who had eyes and was watching the natural gas
             | situation in Germany and other countries to the east of it,
             | would see that even a few years ago.
        
           | tlear wrote:
           | You missed the step where he needs to brutalize population
           | into submission. This will take time and mountains of
           | corpses. He can't just put a puppet there and call it a day.
           | Puppet will be dead by week after. No he has to occupy the
           | country and crush the opposition.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | Gas is important, but what is more important is the nuclear
           | arsenal.
           | 
           | The US, China, Russia, Israel, India, Pakistan, and North
           | Korea, are effectively untouchable by conventional military
           | means, because they are able and _willing_ to unleash nuclear
           | holocaust in return - no matter what they do.
        
             | beecafe wrote:
             | It's not clear that the West is willing.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > His plan isn't to take entire control of Ukraine militarily
           | but to swap the legit government with a puppet one he would
           | control at will. Once he succeed, which is a matter of a few
           | days,he'll gradually withdraw most of the forces, things will
           | slowly return to normal and in a few years Ukraine will
           | essentially (if not effectively) annex itself to Russia
           | 
           | I wouldn't be so certain. I don't think Ukrainians would just
           | comply, many of them would fight against such a thing and
           | would know the new regime is fake. Furthermore, Kyiv is a big
           | city with peculiar geography. Urban fighting is hell, and if
           | Ukraine decides to make a principled stand there it could
           | take weeks of bloody fighting before it falls; and if
           | Ukraine's government evacuates to Lviv in time, and continues
           | the fight from there, it might result in a long struggle,
           | regardless of who gets installed in Kyiv by Putin.
           | 
           | Oh and we don't know how the Russian public will react if the
           | war gets to an urban bloodbath going for weeks or months.
        
             | sterlind wrote:
             | what if Russia used chemical weapons? doesn't hurt physical
             | infrastructure, provokes shock and fear, kills or
             | incapacitates a lot of people, denies tons of area to the
             | Ukrainians.
             | 
             | I'm not sure Russia has much left to lose politically by
             | stooping to that.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Genuine question: how much does Russian public opinion
             | matter? It's not like Russia has free elections. Iran's
             | Islamic Republic seems pretty secure despite low public
             | approval. I'm sure public opinion is important, but I don't
             | understand its role in a dictatorship.
        
           | risyachka wrote:
           | Though he is not stupid, he can't think clearly. Can't even
           | control his rage as seen from last interviews.
        
           | RC_ITR wrote:
           | That's such a straightforward narrative, but then why has no
           | major power ever been able to annex and occupy an unwilling
           | nation before?
           | 
           | Everywhere Russia has taken to date was already a separatist
           | region, but I'm really racking my brain to think of times
           | when a country 'just simply annexed' another area by force
           | since the fall of the Raj.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Tibet?
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | Tibet was under control of the Qing Dynasty (i.e. China)
               | until its end in 1912.
               | 
               | From 1912-1950, Tibet (due to its remoteness) acted as an
               | _de facto_ independent region, despite Western legal
               | precedent stating it was still under the control of
               | Beijing.
               | 
               | When attempting to get _de jure_ independence from China
               | in 1951, China asserted control over the region.
               | 
               | So sort of, but not really.
        
             | alisonatwork wrote:
             | There are a few. Off the top of my head Tibet and Western
             | Sahara come to mind. Perhaps some parts of now-Israel.
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | Western Sahara has a population similar to Huntsville
               | Alabama's metro region, so I guess you are right, but I
               | hope you also see why that situation is very different
               | from this one.
               | 
               | As for Tibet, repeating an earlier comment:
               | 
               |  _Tibet was under control of the Qing Dynasty (i.e.
               | China) until its end in 1912. From 1912-1950, Tibet (due
               | to its remoteness) acted as an de facto independent
               | region, despite Western legal precedent stating it was
               | still under the control of Beijing.
               | 
               | When attempting to get de jure independence from China in
               | 1951, China asserted control over the region.
               | 
               | So sort of, but not really._
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | Yeah, having trouble thinking of one since '57. Examples
             | abound from the first half of the 20th century (and
             | certainly before then), but less so in the latter half.
             | 
             | Smaller states, though, yes. But not major powers. This
             | _may_ have more to do with shifting priorities for major
             | powers, than with anything else.
        
             | drekipus wrote:
             | Hong Kong?
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | that was a 99 year lease expiring.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_for_the_Extensio
               | n_o...
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | ...the Sino-British Joint Declaration is still in effect,
               | until 2047.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-
               | British_Joint_Declaration
        
             | vijayr02 wrote:
             | Annexation of Goa [0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa
             | 
             | edit: my bad, I missed the "unwilling nation" part of the
             | parent content
        
       | seattle_spring wrote:
       | The next iteration of S.T.A.L.K.E R. is going to be nuts.
        
       | throwoutway wrote:
       | It is worth remembering that the Chernobyl sarcophagus was paid
       | for by the EU. Not sure if that makes it EU property though
        
         | thesaintlives wrote:
         | Yes! Well worth remembering. Get your best pen out and write a
         | complaint letter to President Putin. For sure it will stop the
         | invasion dead in its tracks. Genius!
        
         | agilob wrote:
         | EU also paid to build a city in what used to be Palestine, and
         | before anyone moved in Israel demolished it all. No one even
         | talked about it for more than a day
         | 
         | > 319 Palestinian owned structures were demolished or seized,
         | and 447 people (including 222 children) were displaced. Of the
         | structures targeted in the six-month reporting period, 62
         | structures were funded by the EU or EU Member States with a
         | value of nearly EUR 391,406.
         | 
         | https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/20200528_final_si...
        
           | rhn_mk1 wrote:
           | What city? Can you post sources?
        
             | agilob wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palesti
             | n...
             | 
             | https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/20200528_final_s
             | i...
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Well, Russia will appreciate the gift. "Thanks for cleaning up
         | the mess for us before we invaded."
        
         | mtmail wrote:
         | Let by G7 but many other countries contributed
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Shelter_Fund
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_New_Safe_Confinement
        
         | docdeek wrote:
         | Not an expert but I would doubt it. Most every part of the EU
         | has signs at testing to the fact that X (a road, a bridge, a
         | building) was paid for by EU funds.
        
           | tekno45 wrote:
           | not a lot of people to look at signs in the literal middle of
           | a nuclear exclusion zone.
        
         | adamredwoods wrote:
         | If it protects EU, then the EU has a stake in it:
         | 
         | >> Russia wants to control the Chernobyl nuclear reactor to
         | signal NATO not to interfere militarily, the same source said.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Hey, good news people, Switzerland is going to remain neutral and
       | keep taking Russian money.
       | 
       | And Germany doesn't want to stop Swift because they need sweet
       | sweet natural gas from Russia
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | is there a citation for what you wrote?
         | 
         | I thought I read the exact opposite of both your sentences some
         | hours ago. perhaps things changed again?
        
           | sbmthakur wrote:
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/24/kyiv-
           | furious-a...
        
       | hwers wrote:
       | I can't really tell what's going on here. Is the EU and America
       | supposed to be helping out but it's all promises without real
       | counter attacks? Is this just the calm before the storm as russia
       | places their troops in the right spots while everyone looks on?
       | Anyone who's smarter than me who could enlighten me?
        
         | arisAlexis wrote:
         | What do you want them to do exactly, send nukes?
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | There are plenty of sanctions the US and EU can impose on
           | Russian oil and gas, but they aren't doing it.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Which tells you everything you need to know about how this
             | is going down.
        
         | gpm wrote:
         | The EU and America have been clear throughout that they will
         | not be putting troops on the ground or directly fighting Russia
         | in response to an invasion of Ukraine. No one is willing to
         | risk a nuclear war.
         | 
         | The calm before the storm as Russia places their troops was the
         | last few months. This is the storm, as Russia takes Ukraine by
         | force. Assuming they succeed in taking it (which seems very
         | likely) it's unclear what they plan to do - either installing a
         | puppet government or incorporating Ukraine into Russia (or a
         | mix of the two) seems most likely.
         | 
         | The EU and America (and other friends) have promised severe
         | sanctions on Russia in response to this - which they are
         | currently announcing, and they will probably continue to extend
         | over the coming days. They have also promised to support
         | Ukraine with intelligence, military supplies, and economic aid.
         | They have been providing that over the past months, and every
         | indication is that they will continue to do so as long as it's
         | possible.
         | 
         | NATO is also greatly increasing it's readiness, in case Russia
         | chooses to go beyond Ukraine/Moldova (Moldova is the only
         | neighbor to Ukraine uninvolved in NATO and the conflict, and
         | Russia already occupies a piece of it) into any NATO country.
         | In that eventuality the various NATO countries have all
         | committed to going to war - there's a reasonably high chance it
         | would be a nuclear one - which also means it's very unlikely
         | that Putin will try this.
        
         | pishpash wrote:
         | Nobody promised helping out for real. It's all posturing to get
         | a proxy pawn to sacrifice for the suzerain's benefit.
         | Ukrainians got sold down the (Dnieper) river and I'm surprised
         | they still have not realized somehow, when they should have
         | realized in 2014 at the latest. I'll eat my words if there is
         | some other grand strategy behind it but from today it would
         | seem that even sanctions haven't been agreed upon and readied
         | to go unlike what we were told.
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | I just had two chinooks fly overhead from the direction of
         | Wright Patt. I see them maybe once a year.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | NATO/US is preparing to handle the refugee flood into countries
         | invading Ukraine. They are not keeping russia from taking
         | ukraine or holding it, by using military force. It looks like
         | the takeover of Ukraine will be done by tomorrow.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | You're overestimating the speed of the attack. Even if the
           | Ukrainians put up no resistance (and they have been putting
           | up resistance) - tanks just don't move that fast/ukraine is a
           | big place.
           | 
           | See the dotted lines in this map - that's a rough estimate of
           | how far the Russians have made it in a day. Even if they
           | continue at the same pace overnight (unlikely), and the next
           | day, and the next night, there's still a lot of the country
           | they won't have physically reached yet.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/OSINTNS/status/1496880680143568901/photo.
           | ..
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | "By sunset, Russian special forces and airborne troops had
             | seized the Chernobyl site and were pushing into the
             | outskirts of Kyiv." (that's an update from NY Times. We can
             | imagine that special forces will proceed to the government
             | house and presidential office building through tonight and
             | have ownership by tomorrow)
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Since they're already shelling Kyiv, they obviously have
             | more options than tanks to take ownership of the
             | governmental apparatus.
             | 
             | I can't see how Ukraine can put up any realistic defence
             | given they now have no radar tracking or air support.
             | 
             | If your point is "it takes tanks a few days to get to
             | Kyiv", then, yes, that is technically correct. If your
             | point is "Russia needs to invade the whole country", no.
             | They own the country when they control the governmental
             | apparatus in Kyiv.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | I think you underestimate how easy it will be to take
               | control of the government and country.
               | 
               | Ukraine knew that they would be able to take Kyiv
               | quickly. Intelligence sources have been saying that for
               | weeks. They (Ukraine and it's friends) have been
               | preparing for this - openly talking about partisan style
               | resistance.
               | 
               | I'm willing to bet that they need to seize pretty close
               | to the entire country to maintain any sort of control.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I suspect Russia will just keep slicing the sausage. Then
               | take the western provinces and re install a puppet regime
               | as was there before (like Belarus). If that turns out to
               | be inadequate down the road, just take another slice or
               | two down the road.
               | 
               | The USSR went partially this way in Finland: sliced off
               | half the country, though they left the other half alone,
               | on sufferance. I don't think Putin would be satisfied
               | with that: he'll want another Yanukovych or Lukashenko.
        
               | sveme wrote:
               | The US did not control either Iraq nor Afghanistan when
               | they took Baghdad or Kabul, respectively. That's not how
               | a much weaker force fights nowadays against the more
               | powerful opponent.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | I believe russia has already fully integrated the idea
               | that this will shift to a guerilla war once they have
               | complete ownership of all the country. Nor is Ukraine (or
               | Russia's way of maintaining control over a country once
               | they occupy it) is really analogous to either of those
               | countries.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | It's interesting that people think that when an enemy country
         | (as most people in the west think of Russia) attacks a neutral
         | country (after endless warnings and the ocupation of a sizable
         | part of its territory several years prior, so it's not like
         | this came out of the blue), that they should intervene as if
         | they were the world police who decides who can attack who. Or
         | some kind of righteous peace force who is above it all, that
         | can attack anyone who attacks anyone else, not seeing the irony
         | in their position of attacking others who do something they
         | don't like.
         | 
         | This thinking really needs to go away. No, it's not ok of
         | Russia to attack another country. But if your country then
         | counter-attacks on behalf of Ukraine, you should expect Russia
         | to then declare war on you immediately. This sounds far-
         | fetched, but that could actually happen. And something like it
         | did happen numerous times in history and we all remember very
         | well how that ended (well some of us do, others seem to have
         | never even heard of that).
         | 
         | We like to think Germany was defeated in WWII and the West and
         | the Soviet Union (for those few who remember the USSR actually
         | arrived in Berlin first, in fact - but lost more lives than
         | everyone else combined) won... but that's not true; no one ever
         | wins a full-scale war like that. Everyone loses, some just lose
         | a bit less than the others... Germany was nearly flattened, but
         | not before most of the rest of Europe was as well - priceless
         | property, artistic treasures, not to mention lives, were lost
         | well beyond anything that someone who claims to be a "victor"
         | may admit. This is what happens when a country "helps" others
         | just to stop a bully they don't like (and then the other side's
         | allies help them, and so on).
         | 
         | I really, really hope Europe will never get flattened again,
         | but seeing what is happening in Ukraine, and how people react
         | online (some of whom may one day be in a position where they
         | can actually act) makes me very doubtful of that even in my
         | lifetime (I still have quite a few decades ahead, I hope...).
         | 
         | I don't think we should sit and do nothing! But please stop
         | asking our leaders to lower themselves to the same level as the
         | aggressor and just drop bombs on other human beings!
         | 
         | Let's show Russia that while they may, on the very short term,
         | win a battle, that this kind of behaviour is not acceptable
         | anymore in the 21st century, and that for a long time ahead,
         | Russia should find itself isolated form the greates economies
         | of the world, politically, financially and in any way possible
         | to make sure they understand that they must never do this
         | again, and anyone watching should take note that no one is
         | above the law (that includes the USA!)... if you use violence,
         | we will not use violence against you (well, not until we're the
         | direct target of the aggression, even I would concede), but
         | we'll see you with utmost distrust from then one and make you
         | regret deeply to have behaved like that.
         | 
         | If NATO had from the beginning worked this way, we wouldn't
         | have found ourselves in this situation... most things went on
         | as normal after Russia took over Krimea. And Putin was not
         | completely wrong in saying NATO has expanded a lot in the last
         | 30 years, which entailed planting bombs right at the Russian's
         | doorsteps from all directions, flagrantly provoking the bear
         | knowing very well that this was not making them happy, in a
         | behaviour quite similar to the bully of the story.
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | I wish that your comment were taken better here (other than
           | the "poking the bear" analogy; I don't agree Russia should
           | have worried about the NATO alliance or taken it as a
           | threat). No one should be rushing in to fight a war, we need
           | to figure out how to make such things as this invasion
           | impossible in the future, and figure out how to fight at a
           | higher level than using violence and weaponry. Until humanity
           | realizes that, even in the face of violence, violence is not
           | the answer, we won't get anywhere, we'll just keep fighting.
           | I feel for the Ukrainians, but I also feel for dozens of
           | other groups of peoples all over the world who are oppressed
           | or who have lost their independence (even some in the
           | "enlightened" Western Democratic sphere), and I don't
           | advocate war in those situations any more than here.
        
         | rmk wrote:
         | Ukraine is not a member of NATO, so options are somewhat
         | limited. Russia intends to use Chernobyl as a deterrent to
         | NATO, according to the report (how, I do not know). It is also
         | not straightforward to put a NATO ally right on Russia's
         | vulnerable flank (it's endless plains and flat ground from
         | Ukraine to Moscow, which has always been a source of strategic
         | vulnerability for Moscow), so admitting Ukraine to NATO was
         | never a concrete possibility. In fact, the US has had to tread
         | very carefully simply to place missiles that are capable of
         | carrying nuclear warheads in Poland, which is a neighbor of
         | Ukraine.
         | 
         | Russia had a buffer state that was content to do its bidding in
         | Yanukovich et. al. but after the Ukrainians overthrew their
         | corrupt government and made moves to establish a genuine
         | western-style democracy with rule of law, Russia were forced to
         | shore up their vulnerable flank. This is part of that process.
         | But they now face bad consequences, including neutral Finland
         | and Sweden deciding to join NATO, perhaps Georgia also, and
         | Germany (and Europe in general) starting to look for alternate
         | energy sources in earnest (Russia supplies a huge percentage of
         | Europe's energy needs, and is also a huge supplier of many rare
         | earths and raw materials that are critical to the Semiconductor
         | Industry).
         | 
         | EDIT: Belarus is also a client state of Russia's, and there has
         | been unrest there, so perhaps Russia is sensing that they might
         | slip as well. Putin is desperate to do whatever it takes to
         | stay in power in Russia, and these things play into that as
         | well.
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | _It is also not straightforward to put a NATO ally right on
           | Russia 's vulnerable flank_
           | 
           | In taking Ukraine, Putin just put Nato on Russia's border.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | NATO has been on Russias border for going on 20 years. The
             | Baltic states joined in 2004.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO for
               | more details
               | 
               | did this affect Russia negatively ? from my seat it was
               | no biggie, and nothing came out of the baltic states
               | joining.. no threats, accident, economic problems in the
               | news.. but maybe i'm just blind
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | From Russias POV it was.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | Yes, countries have neighbors. Learn to deal with it.
               | 
               | Those neighbors are allowed to join defensive agreements.
               | Also Gorbatshov denied being "duped" about NATO
               | expansion. Also Putin has no reason to be bothered by
               | NATO troops in neighbor countries. They aren't anywhere
               | close to invasion strength (even if you are prepared to
               | consider they would want to despite all the treaties).
               | 
               | It's just that the NATO troops would be in the way when
               | Putin decides to reintegrate those neighbors too his
               | historic empire.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I'm not saying I agree. It's just that Russian politics
               | is a tad more paranoia driven than you might imagine.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | It makes few sense.. US backed off afghanistan after
               | failure. The tone since Trump is mostly retreat.
               | 
               | I'm just trying to understand.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's an internal Russian affair that just happened to
               | spill over into the surrounding countries and that could
               | engulf the world if not dealt with properly. Russia is
               | practically bankrupt, infrastructure is failing they have
               | another 5 to 10 years left and then the bill is due. This
               | may buy them some time, or it may cost them everything.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | How is this buying any time? The sanctions will only make
               | everything worse. There is no profit to be had from
               | exploiting Ukraine, at least not comparable to the
               | military cost and the sanctions.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It's buying time because Putin owns it, so his cronies
               | will let him cling to power to either resolve it or pay
               | the price for failure.
               | 
               | If not for this he would have to face the fact that
               | Russia is on its last legs. They won't be able to sustain
               | this war for very long either hence all the bluster about
               | repercussions if other countries decide to help Ukraine
               | prolong the conflict.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I'm trying to assess how much of it is a blow to russian
               | empire desire and paranoia, or if there were some more
               | tangible / material effects. I can understand they really
               | don't want a US driven group nearby for multiple reasons.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | By Western standards it is probably seen as paranoia, by
               | Russian standards it is seen as self defense. They have
               | never really gotten over the implosion of the whole USSR.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | But it's nearing mania .. if their own collapse is
               | causing them to interpret negligible events to the point
               | of invasion, anything is on the table ?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Agreed, anything is on the table. And that is what
               | worries me, if you start assuming rational actors none of
               | this makes sense but if you start assuming non-rational
               | paranoid mafiosi with nukes it starts to all look a lot
               | more plausible. Putin needs to succeed in subduing
               | Ukraine or he will be thrown under a very large bus and
               | then you have the next worry lined up: who will replace
               | him, which could very well be worse.
               | 
               | People seem to make the mistake of thinking about this in
               | some kind of game theoretic way where Russia would have
               | something to gain or lose but that's the wrong
               | perspective, Putin couldn't care less about Russia or the
               | Russians, what he cares about is to cling to power until
               | he's dying, if he can't do that then his lot could well
               | be worse.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | I know _nothing_ about geopolitics but don't your
               | questions presume that the "Ukraine joins NATO" is a real
               | reason for the invasion?
               | 
               | If it's an old fashioned land/riches grab then their
               | current behavior makes perfect sense.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | If you're American, try to imagine America partially
               | breaking up and Washington, Oregon, and Idaho have joined
               | an alliance helmed by China.
               | 
               | You're not loving it, you want to make some sharp moves
               | to prevent more states from considering it, and you'd
               | like to get those states back somehow in the long run.
               | 
               | This is a wildly imperfect analogy, but...
        
             | rmk wrote:
             | Yes, I think this will galvanize fence-sitters into
             | accelerating the process of joining NATO, which is
             | counterproductive for Russia.
        
           | greedo wrote:
           | "In fact, the US has had to tread very carefully simply to
           | place missiles that are capable of carrying nuclear warheads
           | in Poland, which is a neighbor of Ukraine."
           | 
           | This is Russian disinformation. Aegis Ashore (which is the
           | system being installed in Poland) is designed to launched SM3
           | missiles that are designed to intercept ballistic missiles.
           | They aren't nuclear armed at all. The Russians have been
           | claiming that the silos could also launch Tomahawk missiles,
           | some variants of which are nuclear armed. There have been no
           | plans for this to happen, and the US has even offered to
           | allow inspections.
        
           | gutitout wrote:
           | Can't wait to see how "obligated" the USA will feel about
           | Taiwan. I don't believe NATO is the reason they're not
           | stopping Putin.
        
           | jrs235 wrote:
           | This explains what you mention:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrMiSQAGOS4
           | 
           | This guy nailed it 7 years ago!
        
           | pertymcpert wrote:
           | The fact that Germany was going to increase their dependence
           | on Russian gas with NS2 instead of lowering it is despicable
           | and incredibly short sighted. Same country which is going
           | nuclear free. Complete morons.
        
           | nuccy wrote:
           | Ukraine signed a Budapest memorandum [1] where US, France, UK
           | and Russia guaranteed its territory integrity in exhange for
           | the 3rd in the world arsenal of nuclear weapons.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Sec
           | ur...
        
             | garaetjjte wrote:
             | Nobody "guaranteed" anything, they just agreed to respect
             | Ukraine borders. Which Russia didn't, but other parties
             | don't have any other obligation than "seek immediate United
             | Nations Security Council action to provide assistance" when
             | there is _threat of using nuclear weapons_.
        
             | polski-g wrote:
             | They did no such thing:
             | https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/7899/why-
             | dont-s...
             | 
             | The leaders just signed a piece of paper which was never
             | ratified by legislators and doesn't even guarantee what you
             | claim:
             | 
             | > The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and
             | the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
             | reaffirm their commitment to seek immediate United Nations
             | Security Council action to provide assistance to Ukraine,
             | as a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the
             | Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, if Ukraine should
             | become a victim of an act of aggression or an object of a
             | threat of aggression in which nuclear weapons are used.
             | 
             | It was just a promise to have a meeting at the UNSC if
             | something happens.
        
             | rmk wrote:
             | Interesting. I suppose a resolute response to the first
             | violation by Russia might have helped.
        
             | adrr wrote:
             | US, France and UK have guaranteed that no country will ever
             | dismantle their nukes for a piece of paper. This will make
             | the world much more dangerous with Iran pursing nukes which
             | will be shortly followed by Saudi Arabia. North Korea will
             | never disarm. Proliferation will continue and technology
             | advancements will make it easier for countries to acquire
             | nukes.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | Russia is who broke this agreement yet you are blaming
               | the others?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | It takes two things for an agreement like this to become
               | worthless.
               | 
               | The first is a violation of the agreement, which is what
               | Russia is doing currently.
               | 
               | The second is the lack of enforcement of the agreement
               | against the above violator. If the other signatories
               | enforced the agreement, then it would signal that the
               | agreement is worthwhile, and other countries would be
               | willing to enter into it.
               | 
               | Yes, of course Russia is the aggressor here and was the
               | first to break the agreement. But the moment when these
               | agreements become worthless, is when violations are not
               | enforced, not when violations occur.
        
               | whiddershins wrote:
               | This is true of all contracts.
               | 
               | Just because someone agrees to something in a contract
               | doesn't make it enforceable, and it's even worse if the
               | contract doesn't specify what the consequences are for
               | breaking it.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | Only Russia has not met its obligations of the Memorandum
               | as listed in this section.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Se
               | cur...
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Yes. And the US is not obligated to do anything about
               | that, and they indeed are not doing anything about it.
               | 
               | Thus such agreements have become worthless.
               | 
               | Had the US said five days ago, "we will use our military
               | to ensure the Budapest Memorandum is followed", and
               | defended Ukraine when invaded, then in the future if a
               | similar agreement was proposed the country would trust
               | that it would be followed. They did not, and this means
               | that no one will again enter into a similar agreement.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming that a US military intervention would be
               | the "correct" thing to do, merely that it would be
               | necessary to preserve worldwide trust in treaties similar
               | to the Budapest Memorandum.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | I'm not sure how much trust we'd still have in paper
               | agreements after a nuclear winter or two...
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "The memorandum was originally signed by three nuclear
               | powers: the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and
               | the United States. China and France gave somewhat weaker
               | individual assurances in separate documents."
               | 
               | It is a bit unfair to blame it on US, France and UK only,
               | when russia signed the document, too - and was the actual
               | party to violate it by attacking ukraine already in 2014.
               | 
               | (russia's position is, that since Maidan 2014 the state
               | with which they signed the treaty, does not exist
               | anymore)
        
               | Ourgon wrote:
               | It is not just "a bit unfair", it is part of the
               | nonsensical "all bad things are the fault of 'the west'"
               | attitude which has gained so much popularity in the last
               | decades. May I suggest the time has come (or, rather, has
               | been here a long time) to stop (self-) flagellating and
               | to start looking at the things which that much maligned
               | "west" actually does right, things which are - gasp -
               | worth defending?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "May I suggest the time has come (or, rather, has been
               | here a long time)"
               | 
               | Well, I agree that this attitude "all bad things are the
               | fault of 'the west'" is quite stupid.
               | 
               | But the US is the hegemonial power and wants to maintain
               | it. So it is natural that those in charge get the flak
               | for things going wrong.
               | 
               | And about things going wrong: how about the whole war on
               | terror?
               | 
               | Was it really a surprise, that you can't make the world a
               | safer place, if you attack countries(against
               | international law in one case), to punish some
               | individuals?
               | 
               | And Guantanamo is still open.
               | 
               | So yes, the west has some democratic and liberal values
               | worth defending against dictators and co. And some only
               | understand the language of raw power. But maybe that
               | would still work better, if we would stick to those
               | principles all the time and not just, when it suits us.
        
               | Ourgon wrote:
               | I think we all know that "the west" - whether that be the
               | US, western Europe, Israel, Australia or any other
               | country which is normally included under that moniker is
               | not perfect, especially after having those things you
               | just mentioned dragged up on each and every occasion.
               | Stop doing that, you do not have to constantly mention
               | all "our" sins to make a point, _we know_.
               | 
               | Putin just invaded a sovereign country, maybe you should
               | _mention some of the bad things he and the oligarchs who
               | fund him_ have been up to? Chechnya, Georgia, Ukraine,
               | polonium poisonings, journalists falling from windows or
               | being killed on the streets, Alexei Navalny, there 's
               | plenty to choose from. Come on, let's hear it. We know
               | "we" are sinners, enough of that - save it for a sunday
               | sermon or something like that.
               | 
               |  _We Know_. Now, it is time to pick up  "The Western
               | Burden" - or accept the defeat of what we call liberal
               | democracy. And yes, _we know_ that there are many flaws
               | in what we call _liberal democracy_. It is still
               | preferable, warts and all, over the alternatives, whether
               | that be some harebrained plan from the World Economic
               | Forum, a kleptocratic oligarchy like Putin 's Russia, a
               | dystopic surveillance state like Xi's China or some
               | combination of these.
               | 
               | So, what's it going to be? More self-flagellation or,
               | finally, some clear words on where we stand?
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | You speak like all of this happened a long time ago.
               | 
               | But Guantanamao is still open.
               | 
               | Assange is waiting for extradiction and a secret trial,
               | under conditions the UN official called torture.
               | 
               | Snowden hiding from exposing illegal surveillance.
               | 
               | And Saudi Arabia still a formidable ally. Despite what
               | they do in their own country or in places like Yemen (or
               | in some embassies).
               | 
               | And the list goes on. (head something about Turkey
               | lately?)
               | 
               | And russia is clearly not a real democracy, but it is way
               | more democratic than saudi arabia (they have no voting at
               | all, nor human rights)
               | 
               | "So, what's it going to be? More self-flagellation or,
               | finally, some clear words on where we stand? "
               | 
               | So I can say in clear words, that I stand by any
               | democratic country and any population fighting against
               | occupying forces.
               | 
               | But I deeply distrust the motives of the western powers
               | to actually care about democracy, but rather their stupid
               | games of geopolitics.
               | 
               | So yes, I say we start cleaning our shit up. And then we
               | can maybe start lecture other states and play world
               | police.
               | 
               | Because the way I see it: western forces would love to
               | help get russia their new afghanistan, with lots of
               | losses, guerilla warfare and dragging it on for years.
               | But this is not helping the people on the ground.
               | 
               | Putin is not cemented in power. He can get actually
               | kicked out by elections.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | It takes two to tango. Putin is as much a son of the loot
               | of the USSR as Hitler was of the Versailles agreement.
               | 
               | Victory must be magnanimous or it's just temporary.
        
               | pishpash wrote:
               | That was always the end game. Non-proliferation is dead.
               | The name of the game these days is faster/unstoppable
               | delivery for yourself and detecting/stopping the other
               | guy. This is why Russia is triggered by NATO ringing it
               | to potentially neutralize credible MAD while NATO can
               | claim it's a defensive-only alliance.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | While way off topic, why would Saudi Arabia need nuclear
               | weapons? My understanding is they are pretty closely
               | allied with Pakistan, a known nuclear state.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Ukraine is not a member of NATO, so options are somewhat
           | limited_
           | 
           | Ukraine not being in NATO means we aren't obligated to
           | intervene. We regularly intervene in various things without a
           | treaty requiring it.
        
             | rmk wrote:
             | Absolutely. But if a NATO member is attacked, then member
             | states are obligated to come to the member's aid. It's
             | essentially tantamount to saying, if you are at war with a
             | NATO member, you are at war with the whole bloc, which
             | includes USA, UK, France (somewhat in/out member over the
             | decades), Germany, Turkey, and so on. It's a formidable
             | group that acts as a deterrent to any would-be aggressor.
             | 
             | The US is not obligated to intervene in Ukraine, plain and
             | simple. The US has a strategic partnership with Ukraine, I
             | think, but it's not an ally.
             | https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-
             | Stories/Story/Article/1... https://www.state.gov/u-s-
             | ukraine-charter-on-strategic-partn...
        
               | _puk wrote:
               | The scary thing is if NATO decide to get involved, and it
               | turns into war between NATO and Russia, then the security
               | of the Baltic States plummets.
               | 
               | Currently, as NATO members, they are not likely to be
               | attacked, but if NATO declares war then that deterrent is
               | gone.
               | 
               | Hopefully not a likely scenario, but who knows.. There's
               | been a lot of tension lately, especially with the likes
               | of Belarus bussing migrants across the border into
               | Lithuania etc, but no idea where this will end.
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | NATO is a defensive alliance, so there has to be a
               | provocation for them to act.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | Not necessarily see their previous involvement in
               | conflicts. What kind of defence was nato doing in
               | Afghanistan
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | The attack on Afghanistan was literally an invocation of
               | NATO's Article 5, the only time this has happened:
               | 
               | "Article 5 provides that if a NATO Ally is the victim of
               | an armed attack, each and every other member of the
               | Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed
               | attack against all members and will take the actions it
               | deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked."
               | 
               | So, the 9/11 attacks were considered an armed attack on
               | the United States, and the alliance deemed it necessary
               | to overthrow the Taliban in order to prevent Al-Qaeda
               | from perpetrating similar attacks again.
               | 
               | One can disagree with the rationale behind the decision,
               | or the cost-benefit ratio. But it did follow the
               | protocols of the alliance.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | I think it's very naive to think that us invaded
               | afganistan to protect itself or prevent similar attacks.
               | It was pure irrational vengeance by bush. It may follow
               | their protocols but by no means you can consider invading
               | and occupying a foreign country for 20 years as
               | defensive. In effect u cannot call nato a defensive
               | organization by their involvement in wars where no
               | defense was required
        
               | jgraettinger1 wrote:
               | > us invaded afganistan to protect itself
               | 
               | ... is a very different thing than ...
               | 
               | > occupying a foreign country for 20 years
               | 
               | When NATO invaded the towers were still smoking, the war-
               | on-terror intelligence apparatus had yet to be built, and
               | we (I) had no idea whether another attack was
               | forthcoming. It felt pretty damn reasonable at the time.
        
               | GavinMcG wrote:
               | You're looking at it in retrospect, but decisions to
               | involve NATO in responding to an attack on a member
               | aren't made with the benefit of hindsight.
        
               | favorited wrote:
               | The idea was that the Taliban was harboring Al-Qaeda, so
               | NATO members were assisting the US in response to the
               | 9/11 attacks.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | Come on folks, u r smart and intelligent unlike most of
               | the internet Do u seriously think US needed support of a
               | dozen countries to chase away some ak47 weilding dudes in
               | caves with no airforce or modern weaponry. Nato invaded
               | afganistan.
        
               | bluejekyll wrote:
               | Whether you believe it was right or wrong to get involved
               | in Afghanistan, NATO's involvement there (not Iraq) was a
               | direct response to the 9/11 attacks and the government
               | (at the time) of Afghanistan's refusing to allow the US
               | to directly target the group responsible that was based
               | there.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | Their response was invading a country for 20 years, you
               | can hardly count it as defensive. Invading afghanistan
               | was always about more than 9/11, it was far more than
               | that.
        
               | epgui wrote:
               | The difference between a defensive response and an
               | offensive is not how long it lasts.
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | Like in Libya in 2011? In Kosovo in 1999? This fairy tale
               | has been dead for decades now.
        
               | ggreg84 wrote:
               | Note that every member can decide how it aids.
               | 
               | Germany aid to Ukraine was to send them 5k helmets.
               | 
               | Those helmets didn't do anything against Russia's
               | missiles.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | That is, attacking a member of NATO just means that all
               | other members must help it, but how they help, is up to
               | them, and that help can be just a pat in the back.
        
               | Arubis wrote:
               | > if a NATO member is attacked, then member states are
               | obligated to come to the member's aid. It's essentially
               | tantamount to saying, if you are at war with a NATO
               | member, you are at war with the whole bloc,
               | 
               | This is the deterrent--and it also rhymes with the Triple
               | Entente v. Triple Alliance tensions that set off the
               | Great War.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Turkey has complained for years that NATO would be
               | required to help them with this or that conflict in the
               | area, and it didn't.
               | 
               | In the end, there is no supranational tribunal for
               | military allegiances - in matters of conflict, Hobbes'
               | jungle is still very much there.
        
             | avazhi wrote:
             | America will do nothing except 'strongly condemn' what's
             | happening, just like the rest of the world. The simple fact
             | is that there is no real upside to risking actual war with
             | Russia - that the Russians will dominate the Ukraine while
             | walking away with a bloody nose (in the form of minor troop
             | losses of its own) is a foregone conclusion. Without more,
             | that's a localised conflict that Russia rather hilariously
             | can try to claim the moral high ground about (NATO
             | encroachment, historical alliances, American instability
             | and foreign meddling), but if America or indeed any of the
             | other nuclear powers gets involved, the risks increase
             | massively very quickly. If two nuclear powers went at it
             | properly here - I don't care which two - we enter into
             | long-tailed territory and it's something we've simply never
             | seen. There's absolutely no chance America or the UK risk
             | that - they can get their wheat from somewhere else.
             | 
             | On the one hand, I feel bad for Ukrainians. On the other
             | hand, the whole world saw it coming, just like we can see
             | China invading Taiwan at some point in the future, and the
             | calculus will be the exact same: Taiwan means more to China
             | than it does to America, and the Ukraine means more to
             | Russia than it does to the West.
             | 
             | It is perilous to fight somebody, whether it's Putin or Xi,
             | with vested emotional interests in the subject matter of
             | the fight when all you've got is ideology.
             | 
             | And so nothing will come of this except 'strong
             | condemnations'. As if any strongman ever gave a fuck.
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | > America will do nothing except 'strongly condemn'
               | what's happening, just like the rest of the world.
               | 
               | People don't want a 'world police' anymore.
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | "People" don't want their regular neighborhood police
               | either, but take it away and people start appreciating
               | it.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | The sanctions are extremely tough and not entirely
               | painless for the US and other western countries.
               | 
               | Also the US has delivered weapons to Ukraine.
               | 
               | They don't want to engage in a war with Russia, and that
               | decision I think is the right one for now. A couple years
               | down the road, if the sanctions don't succeed in
               | containing Putin's aggression, we might have a different
               | discussion.
        
               | vanviegen wrote:
               | What people are you talking about exactly? Those in
               | Ukraine?
        
               | powersnail wrote:
               | Ukraine hasn't requested any foreign military aid so far.
        
               | vanviegen wrote:
               | Of course they have, privately, all the while knowing
               | they were never going to get it.
        
               | powersnail wrote:
               | "Of course" according to what?
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | Of course according to the repeated pronouncements of
               | everyone ranging from their President to Foreign Minister
               | to Defense Minister to the ambassadors.
               | 
               | See this report for a brief example: https://researchbrie
               | fings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN07...
               | 
               | The US and UK governments have been formally and
               | repeatedly asked for help.
               | 
               | This information is also constantly in the news. The US
               | has provided almost $3 Billion in military aid to Ukraine
               | in the past several years alone. The UK has also provided
               | significant amounts of aid. Ditto for NATO. All of these
               | are not 'forced' on Ukraine!
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Then they're going to have to remember what a world
               | without police looks like.
        
               | jjtheblunt wrote:
               | I wonder how resolve would shift if Putin were to come
               | down with a case of polonium poisoning, or other tricks
               | from his own repertoire?
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | Some would blame it on the CIA. The more likely
               | perpetrator would always be someone in Russia trying to
               | replace Putin.
               | 
               | Assassinating or targeting political leaders is a war
               | crime. The CIA might have done that - quite a while in
               | the past, mind you - but never against an adversary like
               | Russia. At the very least you would expect a few US
               | politicians to drop dead if there ever were such an
               | attempt.
        
               | avidiax wrote:
               | That would be a pretty terrible escalation in the spy
               | game. There is an uneasy balance where government
               | officials and their families are off limits for any
               | physical harm. That means that CIA officials can live
               | relatively peaceful lives just as FSB agents do.
               | 
               | If you let that genie out of the bottle, it better be a
               | prelude to a winnable war, or you had better be happy to
               | have all your government officials, diplomats, and their
               | families on permanent lockdown.
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | I do not think the US does political assassinations (I
               | may be utterly wrong here, if so, please post examples!)
               | It does use assassinations against terrorists or quasi-
               | political figures such as Qasem Soleimani, but I doubt
               | that eliminating Putin is even being contemplated here.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | > _China invading Taiwan at some point in the future_
               | 
               | And that's the perspective this should be viewed from.
               | 
               | The US may not have a firm interest in Ukraine. The US
               | has a fairly firm interest in Taiwan. The US has a
               | serious interest in Korea, Japan, and the countries
               | bordering the South China Sea.
               | 
               | You have to strongly and unconditionally support
               | international order re: Ukraine, so that Xi takes away
               | the right message.
        
               | newuser94303 wrote:
               | I think the stronger message is that the US is trying to
               | move chip manufacturing to the US so it will not care
               | about Taiwan.
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | Alternative interpretation: they are trying to undo the
               | total idiocy that was putting all your microchip eggs in
               | one basket. It doesn't matter how cost-effective it is to
               | centralise production, if the result is that the
               | production capability for the single thing we need the
               | most to continue our lifestyle (high-performance
               | integrated circuits), is in peril from a natural/man-made
               | disaster occuring in a small geographical area.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | The question obviously is if Ukraine compares to Hitler
               | taking Austria or part of Czechoslovakia and condemnation
               | is just appeasement until an assault on the next
               | country...
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | I hope that beside strong condemnations, the US will also
               | help with money (wars are expensive!) and stuff useful at
               | war, from medical supplies to maybe weapons like Stingers
               | and Javelins.
               | 
               | I also hope that the US will share intelligence
               | information; US's abilities here are far greater than
               | Ukraine's.
        
             | throwaway888abc wrote:
             | Exactly Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Yugoslavia
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Intervening militarily invites a counter response from
             | Russia and could lead to outright war between NATO and
             | Russia. It's one thing to assist Kuwait, quite another to
             | send troops to fight a nuclear-armed adversary.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Totally agree. Just clarifying that the limiting factor
               | on international responses isn't Ukraine's NATO
               | nonmembership.
        
               | alecbz wrote:
               | I think people are implying "obviously we'd like to avoid
               | direct military conflict with Russia if possible", so
               | given that there's nothing strongly compelling us to
               | intervene directly (like Ukraine being in NATO), we're
               | obviously not.
               | 
               | (I'm unclear on how true the silent implication is, but
               | seems reasonable).
        
               | mvc wrote:
               | So we wait until they're doing this in Poland? I think
               | I've seen this one before. Doesn't end well for anyone
               | involved.
               | 
               | Better to hit an enemy when they're not expecting it.
        
               | karpierz wrote:
               | The logical conclusion of this is the "first strike"
               | doctrine of MAD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-
               | emptive_nuclear_strike).
               | 
               | Every major power has had 50 years to prepare for it, and
               | it won't work.
               | 
               | You want to respond proportionally, and make it hurt. But
               | you also want to leave room for more pain, to give
               | incentive for the behaviour to stop. And you need to make
               | sure that your adversary believes that you'll keep
               | hurting them. This is why we use some, but not all of the
               | economic sanctions available:
               | 
               | 1. If things get worse, we can make the sanctions worse.
               | 2. We're much more likely to be able to maintain
               | sanctions than soldiers in foreign wars.
        
               | mvc wrote:
               | They have already encircled a sovereign nation with their
               | army and are moving in. Our "proportionate" response so
               | far has been to shut down a couple of banks.
               | 
               | I'm not talking about a nuclear strike. All out nuclear
               | war is clearly in nobody's interest (what's the point in
               | ruling over a nuclear wasteland). Putin is relying on the
               | fact that we are all so scared about that scenario that
               | we will be weak in our support of Ukraine (and Latvia,
               | Lithuania, Poland....).
               | 
               | China talks a good game now but how long do you think
               | China will tolerate Russia bombing their most valuable
               | customers?
        
               | hx833001 wrote:
               | You realize that we can't control the response of the
               | enemy we "hit" unexpectedly, right? They make one
               | miscalculation, launch a nuclear warhead, and in 30
               | minutes several exchanges of missiles are launched,
               | millions of people are dead, and cities in America and
               | Russia destroyed. It's not a board game.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | The Russian people are already pretty angry with Putin
               | over Ukraine. And they are going to be a lot angrier
               | about the coming sanctions, then it doesn't really matter
               | if they are angry with Putin or the west.
               | 
               | There is no way Putin will say after this war "Thank you
               | sir, may I have another?" He'll be hard pressed to keep
               | financing his military...
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | Are they? I am sure that some are, but I get the
               | impression that he has a fair bit of support from the
               | country.
               | 
               | That might fade when/if the sanctions become serious, but
               | thus far I have the impression that he's generally
               | popular (if not as popular as rigged polls would suggest)
               | for his hard-line stance against the US, NATO, and
               | Europe.
               | 
               | Am I wrong about that?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | He enjoys support, but even from those who support him
               | there are people who disagree with a war and the death
               | and destruction it will bring. Nothing works like dead
               | family members and economic hardship to sow doubt in a
               | political leader's support.
        
               | AlexAndScripts wrote:
               | Anecdotally, even intelligent people I know seem to be
               | buying the Russian propaganda about it merely being a
               | peacekeeping mission to stop the human rights violations
               | in Donbas.
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | NATO drew their line in the sand. Intervene when it's
               | crossed. It's better to not bait and switch a nuclear
               | power into war.
        
               | mvc wrote:
               | We drew a line in the sand when we persuaded them to get
               | rid of their own nukes, ensuring that we'd have their
               | back.
               | 
               | That we don't actually have their back will be noted by
               | despots the world over.
        
             | ngcc_hk wrote:
             | It is still an independent state and a member for a long
             | term of un. Can one just take one like japan say if it is
             | not part of nato.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | If no one has the will to stop it... yes. But Japan is a
               | bad example because the US & Japan maintain mutual
               | defense agreements. If it's invaded the US will act.
        
               | bayesian_horse wrote:
               | There is a scenario where North Korea feels an invasion
               | is imminent and uses short and medium range nuclear
               | missiles against US bases, for example in Japan. With the
               | calculation that this would nip any kind of invasion in
               | the bud, and the US military might refrain from nuclear
               | retaliation because North Korea would threaten the east
               | coast with long range nuclear missiles.
               | 
               | But that kind of calculation "oh, the US won't have the
               | stomach to fight a useless war if you hit them hard
               | enough first" was exactly what doomed the Japanese
               | Empire.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > because North Korea would threaten the east coast with
               | long range nuclear missiles.
               | 
               | I don't think NK has currently credible launch systems to
               | make it to the east coast (of the US)?
               | 
               | Also, the past century shows the US had the stomach to
               | fight useless wars, so I'd hope NK has noticed that.
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | NATO is just one of the several defense alliances the US
               | has. The US is basically the guarantor of security for a
               | number of East Asian countries, Middle Eastern countries,
               | you name it... We are not called the World's Policeman
               | for nothing.
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | Costs money and political capital. What it buys is defense
             | of Ukrainian sovereignty and escalates conflict with a
             | dangerous, poor nuclear superpower.
             | 
             | Ukraine is being handed to Putin. He gets to flex his
             | strongman ego and the world gets to not be ended (today).
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | Which sounds disturbingly like British/French response to
               | the Rhineland/Austria lead up to WWII.
        
               | willis936 wrote:
               | Indeed. Some things are different today. Nukes, cyber
               | weapons, NATO borders being tougher than the League of
               | Nations, the imperial country having a weak economy, and
               | the whole thing is a war without a cause.
               | 
               | Russia invading a NATO country would be akin to walking
               | on a landmine. Putin's not a fool, so it is very unlikely
               | to happen.
        
               | dabeledo wrote:
               | Sudetenland
        
           | selfhoster11 wrote:
           | > Russia were forced to shore up their vulnerable flank
           | 
           | Russia wasn't forced to do anything. They could've merely
           | quietly dropped two of their delusions:
           | 
           | a) NATO was never going to attack them, unless it literally
           | went crazy, or someone framed Russia so badly that a nuclear
           | response was preferable to any other option. The West doesn't
           | want to trigger a MAD scenario, and are keen to keep the
           | post-WW2 peace and (in the case of the US) bomb less defended
           | countries for their natural resources. Any claims or beliefs
           | to the contrary are a projected reflection of their own
           | priorities.
           | 
           | b) buffer zones outside of the neighborhood is getting more
           | crowded. Big deal, if you are really so keen on a buffer
           | zone, then maybe sacrifice a few square km out of the
           | ABSOLUTELY MASSIVE part of the continent that they already
           | control. Does that mean risking important areas? Oh noes.
           | Security has a cost, so if you're not willing to pay for it,
           | quit whining.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | _> and (in the case of the US) bomb less defended countries
             | for their natural resources._
             | 
             | That's not terribly different from what Russia is doing
             | with Ukraine - they will overwhelm a weaker country for
             | their own strategic reasons, enjoying the impunity granted
             | by a nuclear arsenal (and not just your average one: the
             | largest!).
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >In fact, the US has had to tread very carefully simply to
           | place missiles that are capable of carrying nuclear warheads
           | in Poland, which is a neighbor of Ukraine.
           | 
           | according to Putin that treading is a major motivation for
           | his current actions.
        
             | rmk wrote:
             | That's correct. You don't put missiles in range of a
             | nuclear superpower's population centers and expect them to
             | ignore it. But I feel that the timing of this is more
             | related to Putin's political situation at home.
        
               | jakeinspace wrote:
               | I keep seeing this being repeated, but the state of
               | nuclear deterrence is very different than during the
               | Cuban missile crisis. The US, UK, France, and Russia all
               | have enough nuclear-armed subs sitting just outside of
               | enemy waters to destroy every major target on both sides.
               | The US doesn't have nuclear weapons in Poland, nor does
               | it need them. Russia cannot stop thousands of ICBMs and
               | hundreds of sub-launched closer range nukes, and neither
               | can the US.
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | You are talking about the military aspects. The political
               | aspects matter too, and sometimes much more than the
               | military aspects. Do you think the US would be content to
               | let Russia place missiles on Cuban soil today? Why is
               | China cagey about the US deploying THAAD on South Korean
               | soil?
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | >the timing of this is more related to Putin's political
               | situation at home.
               | 
               | yes, as i already wrote during the last year, Ukraine got
               | Turkish drones and with them the window of opportunity to
               | win the Donbass war (like Azerbaijan/Turkey did against
               | Armenia/Russia). The fall of Donbass would have been a
               | large failure for Putin which his regime would have hard
               | time to survive. Without bringing aviation though Russian
               | forces couldn't operate successfully there (especially
               | given the tank swallowing deep Spring mud what is going
               | to happen in few weeks), and this is what happened
               | yesterday across Ukraine - attacks on airfields and air-
               | defenses, command and control centers, etc.
        
               | rmk wrote:
               | Yes, Russia has a finite window in which it can bring in
               | its tanks and heavy artillery, which are its strengths,
               | before the spring thaws mire them in the mud. It's not
               | entirely clear what the endgame is here, though. They can
               | not sustain an occupation, and they will suffer heavy
               | casualties if they do a street-to-street urban war; they
               | will face questions at home if heavy Russian casualties
               | are incurred, which is entirely possible given the US and
               | UK have armed the Ukrainians up the wazoo with antitank
               | missiles; they can not sustain a 'fortress Russia' with
               | $630 Billion in USD reserves indefinitely; and they
               | certainly can not stop the long term turn towards NATO
               | and away from Russian energy exports, which will get a
               | jolt in the arm after this disastrous war.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | > ... including neutral Finland and Sweden deciding to join
           | NATO, perhaps Georgia also.
           | 
           | Did you hear evidence of that anywhere or is that just wild
           | speculation?
        
             | rmk wrote:
             | Sorry, I meant that it's a possible consequence. It has not
             | actually occurred.
        
             | bandyaboot wrote:
             | Well it's been reported that Sweden and Finland are going
             | to attend an emergency NATO summit on Friday. So,
             | speculation yes, but "wild" speculation? I don't think so.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | Sweden has participated in several NATO meetings and even
               | trainings over the years, but that's quite different from
               | announcing they will outright join NATO.
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | Yes, which is why I said it's still speculation.
        
         | TheCondor wrote:
         | Is Ukraine even issuing counter attacks?
         | 
         | I'm not sure what the west is expecting, some sort of massive
         | retreat like when Iraq pulled out of Kuwait? It looks pre-
         | ordained that Ukraine will fall and should we want to stop it,
         | we probably need to strike Moscow or something like that. I
         | don't know how much appetite there is for something like that
         | in the US, Trump and his supporters seem to support Russia
         | here.
        
           | terafo wrote:
           | Yes. For example: russia took airport in Hostomel earlier
           | today. Ukrainian army started counter attack and prevented
           | russian planes from landing. Airport isn't retaken yet, there
           | are heavy fights out there, but the main objective of
           | preventing massive russian troops landing is achieved.
        
         | sAbakumoff wrote:
         | Putin warned the West that he wouldn't hesitate to conduct a
         | nuclear strike if they try to meddle.
        
           | nickpp wrote:
           | Source? He never said that.
        
             | lijogdfljk wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oAOSTiumsg
             | 
             | How can you ask for source but then confidently claim
             | otherwise. Ugh.
             | 
             |  _edit_ : https://old.reddit.com/r/therewasanattempt/commen
             | ts/t0di4z/t... is a crappy Reddit link, but also goes on to
             | include the nuclear mention as well.
             | 
             | How can you view this as anything but a nuclear warning?
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | Just post the transcript of the full speech, it was not
               | hard to find it:
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-24/full-
               | tran...
               | 
               | Here's the relevant part (interpret this as you will):
               | 
               | "I would now like to say something very important for
               | those who may be tempted to interfere in these
               | developments from the outside. No matter who tries to
               | stand in our way or all the more so create threats for
               | our country and our people, they must know that Russia
               | will respond immediately, and the consequences will be
               | such as you have never seen in your entire history. No
               | matter how the events unfold, we are ready. All the
               | necessary decisions in this regard have been taken. I
               | hope that my words will be heard."
        
               | nickpp wrote:
               | Please highlight the word _nuclear_ in that transcript.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | There isn't one. I am not the person who was claiming
               | there was, if that's what you're implying.
               | 
               | Some people think that his words imply nuclear, but as
               | it's not directly mentioned, that's just one
               | interpretation.
               | 
               | If you ask me, I think that means just some secret weapon
               | pointed directly at whoever Putin believes may
               | interfere... but no one really knows.
        
               | anon_123g987 wrote:
               | You quoted the "wrong" part of the speech. Here it is, I
               | highlighted for you:
               | 
               | > As for military affairs, even after the dissolution of
               | the USSR and losing a considerable part of its
               | capabilities, today's Russia remains one of the most
               | powerful _NUCLEAR_ states. Moreover, it has a certain
               | advantage in several cutting-edge weapons. In this
               | context, there should be no doubt for anyone that any
               | potential aggressor will face defeat and ominous
               | consequences should it directly attack our country.
        
               | nickpp wrote:
               | Watch those again. He never pronounced the word
               | _nuclear_. It was just a (more or less empty) threat in
               | the poker game he is playing to keep cowardly politicians
               | from helping an independent nation being invaded.
               | 
               | Looks like it worked. I wonder what else are people
               | willing to give up at the mere hint of a nuclear threat:
               | their houses? Their freedom? Their friends? Their
               | spouses? Their children?
        
               | lijogdfljk wrote:
               | People are already giving up their freedom, friends,
               | spouses and children. They're called Ukrainian.
               | 
               | Also, he did say it, according to that _transcription_. I
               | don't speak Russian, so i wouldn't know beyond that.
               | Regardless don't play dumb, you and everyone else knew
               | what he meant. Whether or not he'll follow through is the
               | question - but what he meant was obvious. He knew what he
               | was implying.
        
               | nickpp wrote:
               | Again, please point out the word _nuclear_ in that
               | transcript.
               | 
               | It was an empty threat. And, sadly, the West fell for it
               | and now the Ukrainians are paying the price.
        
               | lijogdfljk wrote:
               | I'm sorry, but it's in there.
               | 
               | > Russia is one of the most powerful nuclear powers in
               | the world
               | 
               | If you're using a different transcript then i'm not
               | commenting on that. I was literally just pointing to what
               | i posted, which may not be accurate - as i said multiple
               | times.
               | 
               | Not sure why i had to type out what is clearly readable
               | in what i posted, but /shrug
        
               | anon_123g987 wrote:
               | Here you go:
               | 
               | > As for military affairs, even after the dissolution of
               | the USSR and losing a considerable part of its
               | capabilities, today's Russia remains one of the most
               | powerful _NUCLEAR_ states. Moreover, it has a certain
               | advantage in several cutting-edge weapons. In this
               | context, there should be no doubt for anyone that any
               | potential aggressor will face defeat and ominous
               | consequences should it directly attack our country.
        
               | nickpp wrote:
               | Please reread the post I originally replied to:
               | 
               | > Putin warned the West that he wouldn't hesitate to
               | conduct a nuclear strike if they try to meddle.
               | 
               | I maintain he never said that and that interpreting the
               | word nuclear which indeed appears at the beginning of the
               | speech (I stand corrected) in the context of the
               | retaliation threat at the end - is quite a stretch.
        
               | in_cahoots wrote:
               | The retaliation threat is right there in the same
               | paragraph as mentioning their nuclear capabilities, I'm
               | not sure how you can rationally argue otherwise.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | aaronchall wrote:
           | Mutually assured destruction means that his entire ass is
           | destroyed - there's a lot more of NATO than there is of him.
        
             | nickpp wrote:
             | Exactly. That is why he never actually threatened with a
             | nuclear strike, just some vague "retaliation". But that was
             | sadly enough for cowardly politicians to abandon Ukraine
             | all over again...
        
         | bart_spoon wrote:
         | A counter attack by the US/EU was never on the table, as
         | Ukraine isn't a NATO member. Some of those nations have
         | provided weapons and supplies for the Ukrainian defense in
         | recent weeks, but from an actual conflict perspective, the
         | Ukrainians are on their own.
         | 
         | The EU/US are attempting to retaliate in non-military ways,
         | primarily through the form of economic sanctions. However, it
         | seems like some of the most impactful actions available, like
         | cutting Russia out of Swift, are being held up by Germany and
         | Italy.
         | 
         | The US and NATO are sending military reinforcements to Eastern
         | NATO nations such as Poland, but they will not actually engage
         | or enter Ukraine so long as Russia doesn't push through Ukraine
         | into NATO nations, which I don't think anyone expects.
        
         | bayesian_horse wrote:
         | All NATO members categorically ruled out military involvement
         | in this conflict.
        
         | 13415 wrote:
         | Some analysis (not by an expert though):
         | 
         | 1. There will be no EU or US troops coming to aid Ukraine, and
         | Ukraine knows that. It was clear from the start that direct
         | NATO involvement could lead to WW3 and there is currently no
         | will to risk that for a non-NATO member.
         | 
         | 2. In numbers, the Russian military is about 6 to 12 times
         | stronger than the Ukrainian military (in terms of tanks,
         | fighter planes, heavy weaponry). They have already gained air
         | superiority, so they can move around airborne troops quickly,
         | albeit with a certain risk from portable ground-to-air
         | missiles. They are also trying to install an air bridge near
         | the capital, although it's unclear at the moment whether they
         | have succeeded.
         | 
         | 4. The main target of the Russian military are currently all
         | major cities in the East of Ukraine. Russian forces can be
         | expected to occupy the capital Kyiv within hours or days from
         | now. If the Ukrainian forces fight exceptionally well, they
         | might delay this for weeks but that's unlikely.
         | 
         | 5. Once Kyiv is occupied, Russia will quickly install a puppet
         | regime, send around death squads, and basically instill terror
         | to break active and passive resistance. Pro-Putin Ukrainians
         | will emerge and take over. It's going to be similar to what
         | happened in Chechnya in the past and the Donbas region. Armed
         | men without insignia will snatch people from the street and
         | torture them, citizens will disappear, etc. There will be fake
         | elections.
         | 
         | I hope I'm wrong but that's about my prognosis. The civilized
         | world can currently not do much about it except imposing
         | sanctions and delivering arms to Ukraine. A good response now
         | would be to break diplomatic ties with Russia and to exclude
         | Russia from the Swift system. It would also make sense to
         | sharpen media control and party financing laws in various
         | countries since the Russian government has been using loopholes
         | to finance willfully ignorant evil and divisive parties all
         | over the world to weaken the EU and divide US and Europe.
        
         | newuser94303 wrote:
         | The whole thing is very puzzling. Russia will take Ukraine but
         | Ukraine is one of the poorest countries in Europe. There is no
         | way that Russia can conquer all of Europe. The West will not
         | attack because Russia has nukes. The sanctions will eventually
         | wear Russia down. What is the end game? Is he that confident
         | that the West will just forgive and forget?
        
           | t-writescode wrote:
           | Yes. And we probably will.
           | 
           | He wants a warm water port.
        
             | LandR wrote:
             | Russia has no warm water ports currently ?
        
               | NateEag wrote:
               | Not sure if GP is serious oes joking. Russia's history
               | has been half-jokingly summarised as "the search for a
               | warm-water port."
               | 
               | https://www.jstor.org/stable/44642451
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | I don't believe they have any Western, warm-water ports.
        
           | EugeneOZ wrote:
           | The end game is to receive another puppet-state close to
           | Russia. It's the only target.
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | It reads to me as different goals. You know those slightly
           | asymmetric board games where different players have different
           | objectives? I think Putin has already amassed effectively
           | infinite money and power, so his new goal is immortality,
           | which I think means establishing a greater legacy by
           | restoring as much of the the Soviet Union's old borders as it
           | can. This is probably not actually in Russia's interests, but
           | the goal isn't "Russia succeeds," it's "Putin remembered as
           | great."
        
             | vanviegen wrote:
             | This explanation seems rather plausible to me, but is
             | getting downvotes. What am I not seeing?
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Basically if EU/US forces engage Russians directly it's ww3. I
         | think that's going to happen anyway, but mismatches in tempo
         | are common and rational in the early stages of a conflict.
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | The EU and USA can't attack Russian troops directly without
         | escalating the war far more than anyone wants. No one wants to
         | provoke a nuclear nation, not even another nuclear nation.
         | 
         | As long as Putin doesn't try to advance out of Ukraine, I doubt
         | that NATO will offer any direct support beyond supplying arms
         | and training.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | There was a missed opportunity to seriously prevent war.
           | 
           | NATO should have been requested to by Ukraine and declared a
           | no fly zone for military aviation west of the Dnieper,
           | _before_ Russia invaded.
           | 
           | An inability to use aviation would have severely slowed
           | Russian plans.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | I really doubt that NATO would be willing to enforce this
             | no-fly zone in a non-NATO nation, that would mean being
             | willing to shoot down Russian military aircraft, which
             | would surely escalate the war.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Neither Iraq (1991+) nor Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993+)
               | were NATO members, and it served its purpose there.
               | 
               | And hence declaring it _before_ Russia invaded. Which
               | forces Russia to choose to shoot down NATO aircraft, or
               | operate outside those zones.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | When Iraq invaded Kuwait, we were willing to fight (and
               | eventually did fight) a war with Iraq.
               | 
               | NATO is not prepared or willing to start a war with
               | Russia.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | You are forgetting the fact that the odds are heavily
               | against NATO, in a RAND wargame it was found that russia
               | can occupy the baltic States within 48 hours while nato
               | would be still warning up
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | It's not clear what I'm forgetting when I said "NATO is
               | not prepared or willing to start a war with Russia."
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | It is simply not in their favour, why would they be
               | willing to lose their face over something like Ukraine.
               | 
               | It seems that many in the West think they have unlimited
               | power to do anything and interfere in any conflict.
               | Reality is those days are over now.
        
               | fancifalmanima wrote:
               | You seem to explicitly agree with the person you're
               | replying to, but are claiming they're forgetting
               | something. That's the disconnect here.
        
               | the_snooze wrote:
               | What you're describing is setting up a shooting conflict
               | between nuclear powers. That is bad. Like really bad. It
               | doesn't matter who shoots first because everyone dies.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | That cuts both ways. NATO air assets over Western Ukraine
               | would have forced Russia to _start_ a shooting conflict
               | with a nuclear alliance.
               | 
               | As is, they were able to move into Ukraine without
               | nuclear risk, because the US _explicitly_ said we wouldn
               | 't put troops there.
               | 
               | And let's not pretend Russia shooting down a US plane or
               | vice versus would start a nuclear war. It happened fairly
               | commonly during the Cold War, quietly.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | _And let 's not pretend Russia shooting down a US plane
               | or vice versus would start a nuclear war. It happened
               | fairly commonly during the Cold War, quietly._
               | 
               | This is not the cold war, I don't think anyone can
               | predict what Putin will do if provoked and he needs to
               | save face.
        
               | garaetjjte wrote:
               | But NATO doesn't really want to fight that war.
               | Electorate would vote governments out for getting
               | involved in war they doesn't really care about. And Putin
               | knows that too.
               | 
               | So what if NATO puts some forces in Ukraine, but Putin
               | calls their bluff and attacks anyway? Small contingent
               | wouldn't be nearly enough to hold the territory, so you
               | need to either engage for real (but you don't have
               | political capital for that), or withdraw forces which
               | would look like huge humiliation.
        
               | the_snooze wrote:
               | NATO forces in or above Ukraine would be the modern
               | equivalent of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and we would be
               | the aggressors setting up shop right next to a nuclear
               | power. A lot of our fighter aircraft are nuclear-capable,
               | and the Russians would have no way of telling which
               | missiles are conventional-tipped or nuclear-tipped.
               | 
               | What you're describing is reckless brinksmanship. One
               | mistake or misread and the world ends.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | NATO forces have been above Ukraine for the last several
               | years. The US et al. were flying ISR missions right up
               | against the borders of Belarus, Russia, and eastern
               | Ukraine rebel-held areas up to a couple days ago.
               | 
               | "Reckless brinkmanship" is an odd phrase, when we're
               | talking about responses to Russia invading a sovereign
               | country.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | Simple fact is western powers don't have the capability
               | to maintain any sort of airspace over ukraine or other
               | nearby countries. Russia is not a weak country that can
               | be deterred by a no fly zone.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Russia has been trying to produce PAK-FA / Su-57 fighters
               | since 2010.
               | 
               | They currently have ~4.
               | 
               | There's a reason Russia invests so much in SAM systems.
               | They expect NATO to have air superiority.
        
               | aszen wrote:
               | Read some latest defence blogs, Russia not only has the
               | best air defence systems but leading electronic warfare
               | technologies. Many countries buy Russian weapons even
               | facing western sanctions. They are cheap and effective.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | See earlier point about air defense systems being a
               | priority due to lacking fighter parity.
               | 
               | Which EW systems are you talking about?
        
             | ajuc wrote:
             | Ukraine did (or some similar arrangement, I'm not sure
             | about details). NATO declined.
        
         | decafninja wrote:
         | As others have said, Ukraine isn't in NATO so there is no
         | obligation for the US or EU to militarily come to its aid.
         | 
         | That said, Putin is increasing his risk appetite. Ukraine will
         | most likely fall and have a puppet government installed,
         | probably within weeks at most.
         | 
         | But then next year, what if he decides to up his ante and
         | target one of the NATO member ex-USSR Baltic states for
         | "reasons"?
         | 
         | Will NATO come to their defense militarily? Will the UK,
         | France, Germany, as well as the US decide it is worth going to
         | war with Russia to defend Estonia, Latvia, etc.?
         | 
         | What about China and Taiwan? If China decides to invade Taiwan,
         | will anyone decide it is worth going to war with China to
         | defend Taiwan militarily?
         | 
         | My prediction to those questions is - no. The authoritarian
         | regimes have the upper hand in the current global state of
         | affairs because the Western democracies are afraid of the
         | consequences of going toe to toe militarily against them. I
         | don't not sympathize - to be honest I have no clue what the
         | solution is.
         | 
         | I don't think the opposite is necessarily true. If the US were
         | to attack a country that Russia or China would truly lose face
         | over (Iraq, Afghanistan, etc. frankly are not), I feel Putin or
         | Xi would, in fact, choose to wage war.
        
         | causi wrote:
         | EU and US will use every diplomatic and financial weapon
         | against Russia, but they've long since decided Ukraine and the
         | Ukrainian people aren't worth actual war over. That call was
         | made in 2014 and stopping Russia then would've been easier than
         | it would be now.
        
           | qbasic_forever wrote:
           | Until the US puts sanctions on Russia's oil/gas and doesn't
           | buy it, then no not every financial or diplomatic weapon is
           | being used. Right now it seems the US is reluctant to do
           | this: https://twitter.com/business/status/1496861082907906048
        
             | tommoor wrote:
             | Same for UK - sanctions on russian companies but we keep
             | the gas and thus money flowing back to Russia.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | It's not clear whether every financial weapon will be used.
           | For example,
           | 
           | > _The foreign ministers of the Baltic states called for
           | Russia to be cut off from SWIFT, the global intermediary for
           | banks ' financial transactions. However, other EU member
           | states were reluctant, both because European lenders held
           | most of the nearly $30 billion in foreign bank's exposure to
           | Russia and because China has developed an alternative to
           | SWIFT called CIPS; a weaponisation of SWIFT would provide
           | greater impetus to the development of CIPS which in turn
           | would weaken SWIFT as well as the West's control over
           | international finance.[262][263] Other leaders calling for
           | Russia to be stopped from accessing SWIFT include Czech
           | President Milos Zeman[264] and UK Prime Minister Boris
           | Johnson.[265]_
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukrai.
           | ..
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | This is where diplomacy should shine. It's clear that
             | Russia has been hardening against western sanctions for
             | years now, and CIPS is a big piece of that. If NATO can
             | convince China to also shut them out of CIPS at the same
             | time we turn off SWIFT the Russian Oligarchs will start
             | applying pressure to Putin.
        
               | sbmthakur wrote:
               | You need to convince Europeans before China.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/24/kyiv-
               | furious-a...
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I doubt that's going to happen. China has refused to even
               | call this an invasion, and has said that it's the West's
               | fault.
        
               | nojs wrote:
               | Source?
        
               | foxfluff wrote:
               | All over the news if you do a search. First hits:
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-rejects-
               | calling-ru...
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/24/china-refuses-to-call-
               | attack...
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Thanks.
               | 
               | In fairness to nojs, I tried to search for it to back up
               | my claim, and couldn't find it again.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | Russian oligarchs will not apply pressure to Putin. They
               | are all accomplices now.
               | 
               | All this politics theater of the past few days was to
               | make everyone of notice show support for invasion, in
               | public form. Lawmakers, Security council, oligarchs,
               | senators, everyone. So they would know they won't be able
               | to betray him and escape. They are all forced to make
               | their bones.
        
               | GrayShade wrote:
               | They won't. They want Russian support when they invade
               | Taiwan.
        
               | newuser94303 wrote:
               | They don't need Russian support to attack Taiwan and
               | Russian economic support is meaningless. They won't do it
               | because there is no incentive to. The US has to bribe
               | them. Think of China like an evil corporation. They won't
               | do anything except for their own best interests. Like
               | Facebook with nukes.
        
               | loufe wrote:
               | I don't think adding the tag of "evil" in front of
               | corporation is necessary or helpful. Corporations are
               | selfish and aggressive enough already. Nothing about
               | China's geopolitical plotting is anymore evil than the US
               | or Russia, regardless of what ideological non-sense you
               | use to justify any corner.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | China can't invade Taiwan without Taiwan blowing up the
               | Three Gorges Dam and wiping out 1/4th of China's
               | population
        
             | Terry_Roll wrote:
             | Russia and China have developed their own equivalent of
             | SWIFT, so again this is a sanction which will benefit
             | Russia just like the oil price going up will benefit them
             | because Russia has the largest oil reserves in the world.
             | 
             | Plus with Chernobyl, some of the fuel rods may well be
             | weapons grade still, and Chernobyl almost bankrupted
             | Russia, it certainly helped break up the Soviet Union
             | according to Gorbachev, its also on the border with Belarus
             | who are aligned with Russia, and uranium fuel rods are not
             | cheap to make, it takes tonnes of Uranium, so grabbing
             | Chernobyl would seem sensible.
             | 
             | So at this stage, I'm now thinking Russia is the next
             | country to get a massive improvement in quality of life and
             | infrastructure, a bit like we have seen with China over the
             | last decade or so, whilst all the while the West is kept in
             | the slow lane for other less developed countries to catch
             | up.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | > I'm now thinking Russia is the next country to get a
               | massive improvement in quality of life and infrastructure
               | 
               | That's practically impossible. They could have done in in
               | last 30 years, but almost all the profit went to pockets
               | of Kremlin's pyramid of power and tunneled to tax havens
               | across the world. Corruption, laziness, incompetence of
               | key people, and in some form also in the rest of nation
               | will effectively prevent that.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | CIPS is not an "equivalent of SWIFT" by a long shot. It
               | definitely helps soften the blow of any potential SWIFT
               | sanctions but that doesn't mean losing SWIFT access would
               | be a non-issue.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Not even every financial weapon. EU isn't united on kicking
           | Russia out of SWIFT.
        
             | cure wrote:
             | That was yesterday. Today, the situation is evolving
             | quickly.
        
               | kfarr wrote:
               | That was _swift_ :P https://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/co
               | mments/t0epur/boris_joh...
        
               | csee wrote:
               | No it's not, Biden confirmed it now.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Not sure why Germany has such a weak stance against
               | Russia now. It can't be just because of oil and gas
               | imports for sure. It must look supremely weak to any
               | strongman like Putin, encouraging him to push for more
               | since nobody ever gave a fuck about some political
               | condemnations or blocking few bureaucrats, you don't
               | store billions you stole on your name in the banks.
        
             | ajuc wrote:
             | Basically Germany and Italy don't want it. Cause of big
             | financial investment in Russian businesses.
             | 
             | Germany especially should really do some soul-searching.
             | They are enabling Putin for the last few decades.
        
               | StillBored wrote:
               | And they have been stupidly playing politics and
               | investing in "green energy" while buying ever more gas
               | from Russia and shutting down their own energy
               | independence.
               | 
               | In the middle of the winter, economic sanctions have
               | their hands basically tied. What is Europe going to do?
               | Turn off the gas? I don't think so.
               | 
               | Maybe at least France will stop D%#$ing around and finish
               | their reactor. The only question is can Putin put down
               | the insurrections in Ukraine faster than the rest of
               | Europe can untangle their energy dependence, or will it
               | just be another Crimea where everyone forgets about it in
               | a year or two, and Putin can pull it off somewhere else
               | in another 5 years.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | Green energy is fine, it actually reduces the total
               | amount bought from Putin (and thus invested into Russian
               | army). The problem was disabling the non-fossil-fuel
               | baseload (meaning nuclear powerplants). It was criminally
               | idiotic. I hope Germany finally wakes up because this is
               | making the whole EU project look less and less feasible.
        
               | xenocratus wrote:
               | > Cause of big financial investment in Russian businesses
               | 
               | And because blocking them from some technology that the
               | West has monopoly over will invite a strong(er) drive
               | from the likes of China and Russia to create a competitor
               | and weaken the West's power in that field.
        
           | kblev wrote:
           | It's good that Iraq and Afghanistan was worth a war, just
           | Ukraine not so much
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | It is a bit easier fighting caveman jihadist and third
             | class dictators with outdated military, than a nuclear
             | superpower.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | MisterTea wrote:
               | > superpower.
               | 
               | Yup. Because when I think of superpower I think of an
               | economy that is barely passing Italy's.
        
               | pirate787 wrote:
               | They have 2 million men under arms and the world's
               | largest stockpile of nuclear weapons.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Power comes in many shapes. Russia does not have a good
               | economy, but a strong military and nukes.
        
               | ejb999 wrote:
               | and more importantly, the willingness to sacrifice
               | millions of their own people if they need to. They have
               | done it before, and if needed, I have no doubt they will
               | do it again.
        
           | somesortofthing wrote:
           | The EU and US have made serious mistakes in the process but
           | it's hard to disagree with that conclusion. Either you have a
           | fairly short(By necessity, since Ukraine is going to remain
           | crossable with armor for maybe a couple more weeks before the
           | entire country turns into a giant bog in spring) proxy war in
           | Ukraine that kills a few thousand and transfers the territory
           | from one bickering cabal of oligarchs to another or you risk
           | global nuclear war with boots-on-the-ground intervention.
           | Putin has been pretty clear that he'll use nukes in the event
           | of a full NATO intervention.
        
             | trzy wrote:
             | I would treat threats of nuclear weapons as bluffs. He
             | doesn't want to perish in an inferno and a first strike is
             | hard to justify over a mere military humiliation on foreign
             | soil. Rather more likely are cyber attacks on
             | infrastructure here in the US and attacks on US bases in
             | Europe or abroad.
        
               | Phelinofist wrote:
               | And if he is not bluffing? :)
        
             | robbedpeter wrote:
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | > EU and US will use every diplomatic and financial weapon
           | against Russia
           | 
           | [Citation needed]
           | 
           | The softening of sanctions has arrived already.
        
         | f311a wrote:
         | Russia has nuclear power. That's the main reason.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | The EU and America have promised to help with economic
         | sanctions on Russia and by providing military aid and lethal
         | aid.
         | 
         | The EU and America have explicitly not promised to help out
         | with direct military action against Russia. The United States
         | and Biden have said multiple times that the US will not have
         | forces engage Russia directly in Ukraine.
         | 
         | What specific promises are you referring to?
        
           | shawn-butler wrote:
           | The US makes empty promises. Read the Budapest memorandum in
           | which we made security guarantees so Ukraine would give up
           | its nuclear arsenal[0]. Russian aggression would certainly be
           | much more calculated if Ukraine still had that capability.
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Sec
           | urit...
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | > Ukraine had physical, but not operational, control.
             | 
             | What could they have done, throw the unarmed nukes at
             | Russia? You also leave out the fact that Russia and the UK
             | signed as well.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | When you have nuclear weapons in your possession,
               | obviously you will not be able to discover how to
               | detonate them in an hour or a day.
               | 
               | Nevertheless when you have the resources of a state, it
               | is very easy to disassemble them and discover, in a few
               | weeks or months at most, how to replace the part that
               | initiates detonation with one that you control.
        
             | fancifalmanima wrote:
             | If you look at what was actually agreed to, it seems like
             | the US and EU are already doing more than obligated. I
             | don't see any nuclear weapons being used, the west has
             | respected their sovereignty, and is even economically
             | sanctioning Russia and providing intelligence and
             | equipment. Bringing this to the security council would do
             | nothing anyways, as Russia is a part of it and any
             | resolution would just get vetoed. The only party that's
             | actually breached the agreement is Russia.
             | Respect Belarusian, Kazakh and Ukrainian independence and
             | sovereignty in the existing borders.[17]         Refrain
             | from the threat or the use of force against Belarus,
             | Kazakhstan and Ukraine.         Refrain from using economic
             | pressure on Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine to influence
             | their politics.         Seek immediate Security Council
             | action to provide assistance to Belarus, Kazakhstan and
             | Ukraine if they "should become a victim of an act of
             | aggression or an object of a threat of aggression in which
             | nuclear weapons are used".         Refrain from the use of
             | nuclear arms against Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.
             | Consult with one another if questions arise regarding those
             | commitments.[13][18]
        
             | pdabbadabba wrote:
             | This seems like nonsense to me. What "security guarantees"?
             | 
             | 1. "[T]o respect the independence and sovereignty and the
             | existing borders of Ukraine." Only Russia seems to have
             | violated that one.
             | 
             | 2. To "reaffirm their obligation to refrain from the threat
             | or use of force against the territorial integrity or
             | political independence of Ukraine, and that none of their
             | weapons will ever be used against Ukraine except in self-
             | defence or otherwise in accordance with the Charter of the
             | United Nations." Same. The only one breaking this promise
             | is Russia.
             | 
             | 3. "[T]o refrain from economic coercion designed to
             | subordinate to their own interest the exercise by Ukraine
             | of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to
             | secure advantages of any kind." Haven't seen anyone claim
             | that any party has violated this one.
             | 
             | 4. "[T]o seek immediate United Nations Security Council
             | action to provide assistance to Ukraine." Again, I think
             | only Russia has broken this promise.
             | 
             | 5. "[N]ot to use nuclear weapons against any non-nuclear
             | weapon State party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
             | of Nuclear Weapons." So far so good.
             | 
             | 6. To "consult in the event a situation arises that raises
             | a question concerning these commitments." OK.
             | 
             | Read the memorandum for yourself if you think I'm quoting
             | selectively. It's short.: https://web.archive.org/web/20170
             | 312052208/http://www.cfr.or...
        
           | djrogers wrote:
           | >. What specific promises are you referring to?
           | 
           | The Budapest Memorandum. 1994 wasn't _that_ long ago...
        
             | pdabbadabba wrote:
             | Still not very specific. Or correct, as far as I can see.
             | 
             | Here is the text of the memorandum: https://web.archive.org
             | /web/20170312052208/http://www.cfr.or...
             | 
             | Can you point us to the provision that you claim the
             | U.S./Europe have violated? It is only about 1-2 pages long,
             | so I don't think this is too much to ask.
        
         | newaccount2021 wrote:
         | EU is incapable and the US doesn't have near enough assets
         | nearby
         | 
         | in any case, Putin would likely respond with a nuke (he already
         | basically hinted this), this is an endgame for everyone,
         | Ukraine, Russia, Putin...there will be no de-escalation or
         | peace process. Putin already said Ukraine "does not need to
         | exist"...either the Ukrainians can fight him off or not.
         | Probably not. Sanctions won't matter. Scolding Putin at the UN
         | won't matter. China will golf-clap the whole thing. By the end
         | of 2022, the only issue will be when the West just recognizes
         | the new borders or not.
        
           | mrtranscendence wrote:
           | Putin responding with a nuke would be suicide. Maybe literal
           | suicide. He's surely not _that_ stupid?
        
             | yaris wrote:
             | Maybe he is not stupid, but there are hints that his
             | contact with reality is becoming somewhat unstable.
        
             | simonklitj wrote:
        
           | sveme wrote:
           | I doubt that Russia can hold Ukraine for long. Once Putin is
           | gone, everything he accomplished will fade away quickly.
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | Ukraine isn't part of NATO, I think it's a big reason why troop
         | deployment hasn't happened.
        
           | sonicggg wrote:
           | Not the reason though. Kosovo was not a part of NATO either.
           | It's just that Russia is not Serbia.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | Vietnam wasn't part of NATO either, I guess if we're just
             | pointing things out.
        
               | sonicggg wrote:
               | Gosh, you're dumb. Vietnam was not invaded by NATO, it
               | was just the US.
               | 
               | NATO was officially the one bombing Serbia, however.
        
           | netsharc wrote:
           | Even if they were, what's easier, to honour such an agreement
           | with an expensive (materially and in terms of human lives)
           | and dangerous (would cause the conflict so spread) deployment
           | or to say "Sorry, you're going to have to tough it out
           | yourself.".
           | 
           | The USA and UK already abandoned the Afghani people, feels
           | like the once mighty US military really doesn't want to be in
           | a shooting war against Russia. As someone living in Europe, I
           | would also be wary of how it would escalate if NATO got
           | involved.
        
             | outside1234 wrote:
             | The US will defend NATO. They will nuke Russia's forces if
             | they try to enter Poland. There is no doubt in my mind that
             | is a red line.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | There should always be plenty of doubt in your mind if
               | you're saying that the US will use nukes in any situation
               | short of someone else using them first.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | The difference is that US is actually putting their
               | troops and equipment in Poland though. I also think that
               | attack on Poland would trigger full out response by US.
        
               | the_snooze wrote:
               | Poland is a NATO state. An attack on Poland would trigger
               | World War 3 because the whole alliance is set up to jump
               | in.
        
               | LudwigNagasena wrote:
               | The US is the only country that used nukes.
        
               | pirate787 wrote:
               | Among other things, those experimental first bombs were a
               | totally different class of weapons from today's nuclear
               | arsenal. There were conventional bombings in WWII that
               | killed more people than the nuclear bombings.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | This isn't even a remotely similar situation. The biggest
               | difference is that last time around, we were the only
               | people with nukes and (agree with the decision, or not)
               | it was a war _ending_ use of nukes, with zero chance of
               | _starting_ a world war, nuclear or otherwise.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | The UK is the only other nuclear power to have detonated
               | nukes on the territory of another country.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Completely irrelevant.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | No, in fact very relevant. Not in the way the OP probably
               | meant it though.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | The US has explicitly refused to adopt a no first use
               | posture.
               | 
               | Ditto Russia, UK, France, the other nuclear powers
               | involved.
               | 
               | That being said, it's a Rubicon all, will be reluctant to
               | cross.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The US will defend NATO unless it feels it isn't the best
               | thing to do at the time.
        
               | rocqua wrote:
               | They will definitely defend Poland. They won't nuke, not
               | even tactically.
        
             | Thaxll wrote:
             | Putin would have never invaded a NATO country.
        
               | netsharc wrote:
               | Feels like until 5AM local this morning we all thought
               | he'd never do a full invasion of Ukraine either...
               | 
               | But in general I'd agree with you. On the other hand, who
               | and literally what army would stop them?
        
               | heartbreak wrote:
               | > Who and literally what army would stop them?
               | 
               | Among several others, the United States military. Which,
               | contrary to claims made elsewhere in this thread, is a
               | pretty formidable defensive force. In fact, it even has
               | aircraft carriers that can move under their own power.
        
             | bcrosby95 wrote:
             | > Even if they were
             | 
             | You would have to weigh how things would escalate if NATO
             | got involved, vs how things would escalate if Russia found
             | out NATO isn't actually a thing any country intends to
             | honor.
        
       | notjustanymike wrote:
        
       | injb wrote:
       | I think this is mainly a psychological move. It has people
       | talking about nuclear fallout, radiation etc. That's the point.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | The most interesting part of Chernobyl to me isn't even the
         | power plant, but what it was powering:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duga_radar
        
         | qbasic_forever wrote:
         | Yeah the site is a massive liability for whoever controls it.
         | There's a ton of work left to do to fully decommission it and
         | make it safe.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | What if, and bear with me, Russia doesn't care about safety?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | It does pose the question what would actually happen should
         | someone bomb the sarcophagus.
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | Unless the prevailing winds are really blowing towards the
           | west, this would harm Russia and their newly conquered
           | territory much more than it would harm the EU.
           | 
           | It makes more sense as a bargaining chip with Ukraine than as
           | a chip with the EU.
        
             | awb wrote:
             | > It makes more sense as a bargaining chip with Ukraine
             | 
             | What's the proposition? Russia's already committed to
             | ending the idea of Ukraine as a country.
        
               | rocqua wrote:
               | Should they fail a complete takeover they can threaten to
               | blow up the fallout in negotiations.
        
       | ejb999 wrote:
       | Probably not a bad idea to put all your troops and equipment
       | stockpiles near an area that just about everyone is going to be
       | reluctant to bomb indiscriminately - nobody wants to accidentally
       | destroy that shell protecting that nuclear power plant I would
       | imagine.
        
         | swyx wrote:
         | is this the same plant as the one from 1986? this plant is
         | still active today? im very surprised.
        
           | ciex wrote:
           | When a nuclear power plant has a failure as catastrophic as
           | that in Chernobyl it is active (radioactive) for a _very_
           | long time, with no way of shutting it down. The immediate
           | site of the power plant will be uninhabitable for about
           | 20,000 years, however, the wider area might become safe to
           | live in in just a couple of hundred years. While radiation
           | levels decrease in general, there have also been measurements
           | of increasing radiation in 2021.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | No, the current structure is from 2018
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_New_Safe_Confinement
        
           | curtisblaine wrote:
           | Not active, but actively contained.
        
           | officeplant wrote:
           | The other three reactors there were operational until 2000.
        
       | paulus_magnus2 wrote:
       | We in the The West have some serious soul searching to do.
       | 
       | A nuclear power has attacked a sovereign state and told us to
       | stay away or something very bad will happen.
       | 
       | They've been sabre rattling for weeks and weeks and we have
       | frozen unable (or unwilling) to act. No good deed goes
       | unpunished, every sanction has a cost etc etc but we're not ready
       | to pay even a smallest price in order to save lives protect world
       | peace. Or to save "western values" our leaders are wording at
       | each opportunity.
       | 
       | If we really wanted to stop the invasion we'd send half a million
       | soldiers to "hang around" in Ukraine weeks ago. Or at least we'd
       | send them thousands of anti helicopter and antitank missiles. We
       | cannot prevent Russia's bombing and destruction of Ukraine but
       | the missiles would easily stop an invasion.
       | 
       | Russia is a country with extremely concentrated wealth and
       | therefore power - the oligarchs are one of the few leverage
       | points we have. If we temporarily froze (right now confisction
       | would be more appropriate) assets owned by oligarchs in the west,
       | deplatform them from payment systems, credit cards, universities,
       | golden visas. Capture their yahts, jets they'd take care of Putin
       | rather quickly. We know who they are, they're on the Forbes list
       | posing for pictures.
       | 
       | Somehow we in the west eagerly go after the weak (Ottawa
       | protesters) but cannot seam to do the same towards rich (with
       | power and means to corrupt).
       | 
       | The rules based Western world has gone out of the window and
       | we're quickly heading towards a world with two sets of rules (or
       | rather two standards of rule enforcement).
        
         | rhexs wrote:
         | Go send your own children to die first.
        
         | pbourke wrote:
         | > Or at least we'd send them thousands of anti helicopter and
         | antitank missiles
         | 
         | That happened - the UK sent 2000 NLAW anti-tank missiles and
         | the US sent Javelins.
        
         | w0de0 wrote:
         | I agree our nations have done less than everything that could
         | be done. I do think we've done quite better than could have
         | been hoped around 2016.
         | 
         | I believe your moral certainty is quite flawed:
         | 
         | 1. It rests entirely on hindsight.
         | 
         | These events only started seeming inevitable about 24 hours
         | ago.
         | 
         | Now we've found them to be true, we trust and are even
         | impressed by the Americans' warnings. But these last weeks I
         | little doubt the Bundestag's halls, and European couches
         | everywhere, heard many recollections of Iraq's supposed WMD
         | program.
         | 
         | 2. You advocate a purely moral policy.
         | 
         | There's a quiet part in every happy Westerner's mind that
         | believes, without examination, in the ultimate and inevitable
         | triumph of good over evil. To be fair, the past few generations
         | experienced reassuring evidence for this assumption - and
         | Hollywood keeps the reassurance alive.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, the good guys do not always win; moral will
         | cannot overcome geopolitical reality. Neither Realpolitik nor
         | MAD were made defunct by 20 years of Pax Americana.
         | 
         | Ukraine is Russia's neighbor. Ukraine is very much Russia's
         | family: brothers who long cohabited. Ukraine's attitude towards
         | Russia is legitimately a vital interest of Russia. Russia has,
         | by right of force (Realpolitik!), complete dominance to act in
         | Ukraine. Deterrence was always the only realistic option.
         | 
         | 500,000 Western soldiers <500m from Moscow would be both target
         | for, and, perhaps, sufficient justification in Russians
         | citizens' eyes for the use of, tactical nukes.
         | 
         | 3. It is unrealistic about how democracies work. Only the
         | aggression your proposed policy is meant to prevent would be
         | sufficient to convince democracies to implement it: an
         | unfortunate catch-22.
         | 
         | Democracies are extremely reluctant to go to war, which is
         | good. The price paid is inevitably foolishness in global power
         | politics. Roosevelt could not have started a pre-emptive war
         | with Japan, though perhaps this would have been the optimal
         | move.
         | 
         | Similarly, there is no chance that, in the context of 20 years
         | of unbroken peace, any Nato member would be interested in such
         | a massive deployment directly next to Moscow. No scenario would
         | have allowed this risk.
         | 
         | If it did somehow happen, Russia's aggressive response could
         | easily divide the alliance in recrimination for implementing
         | such a reckless policy.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | I guess this indicates that Russia intends to completely subdue
       | Ukraine and back it into a corner. In such a scenario, a
       | desperate Ukraine government could wield the plant as leverage by
       | threatening some catastrophe. By removing it from their hands,
       | Ukraine is denied this weapon of last resort.
       | 
       | And Russia gains another weapon of last resort, should anyone
       | think of putting them in the same position.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I fail to imagine how the reactor could practically be used as
         | a weapon.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | Scorched Earth. Ukraine decides the only tactic left is to
           | deny its enemy use of the area++.
        
       | hamburga wrote:
       | If you're looking for some background on the big picture and
       | strategic goals of Russia and NATO/US, I just watched this (from
       | U Chicago political scientist John Meirsheimer) and found it to
       | be extremely helpful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrMiSQAGOS4
        
       | BTCOG wrote:
       | Western sanctions will do absolutely nothing but push Putin
       | further into considering invading other neighboring nations. He's
       | going to reform the Soviet Union. The president in Nicaragua has
       | reportedly told able-bodied 18-45 year old men to prepare to
       | support the Russian Federation in freeing people in Ukraine.
       | 
       | This is going to spiral out of control, and talking will do
       | nothing.
        
       | lend000 wrote:
       | It's hard to view the events unfolding with an objective gaze.
       | Virtually all of western journalism condemns Russia's attacks
       | unilaterally, which seems reasonable, considering people are
       | dying to grow a dictator's empire. But then I read about the
       | history of the conflict and see that Ukraine has had separatist
       | states and civil war for years. It isn't like Ukraine is a
       | stable, peaceful, and unwitting nation, like, say, Denmark. It's
       | more similar to NATO "protecting" their national interests in
       | Syria or Iraq. Not that I supported those interventions as
       | ethical, either -- I just acknowledge the potential long term
       | geopolitical motivations for doing so.
       | 
       | Any Ukrainians or Russians have an alternative perspective to
       | offer?
        
         | dostick wrote:
         | Dont project "separatist" feudal states of 100s year ago on to
         | modern Ukraine. Modern Ukraine is nothing like that.
        
         | crisdux wrote:
         | This isn't a Ukrainian or Russian perspective, but an
         | alternative perspective.
         | 
         | John Mearsheimer gives a popular alternative perspective. He
         | has a realist foreign policy perspective suggesting that the US
         | and the west provoked Russia by trying to push Ukraine to join
         | NATO and by intervening in the protests/coup in 2013/2014.
         | Russia has a legitimate security interest in ensuring Ukraine
         | does not join NATO and become militarized.
         | 
         | https://www.mearsheimer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Why-t...
        
           | hamburga wrote:
           | Video lecture from Mearsheimer, for the lazy:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrMiSQAGOS4
        
         | Ruphin wrote:
         | The idea that the (in)stability of a nation can legitimize
         | military incursion by another nation is plain absurd. At what
         | point exactly does a war become legitimate? Is it okay to
         | attack a country when they are entwined in civil war? What
         | percentage of the country needs to be involved in the conflict?
         | What if it is an unarmed but still major internal political
         | conflict?
         | 
         | No war is legitimate.
         | 
         | Comparing this incursion to NATO "protecting" their national
         | interests in Syria or Iraq is perhaps defensible, but the only
         | logical conclusion is that these interventions were/are equally
         | condemnable.
        
           | lend000 wrote:
           | No one said it was legitimate insofar as that means ethical.
           | I am simply curious about the huge wave of groupthink
           | sentiment that makes no attempt to fill everyone in on the
           | context of the situation, and whether this was actually a
           | logical (absence all ethics) move by Russia. One of the
           | replies to my comment offered an interesting perspective. We
           | live in a real world with real events. Just because us
           | westerners have been shielded from war for most of our lives,
           | and because war is immoral, does not mean that it won't
           | happen, or that it isn't interesting to think about it
           | objectively.
           | 
           | Makes one wonder if the fact that most Ukrainians are white
           | people living in an industrialized society has anything to do
           | with the scale of the outpouring of emotion on HN and
           | elsewhere.
        
             | pishpash wrote:
             | That's the thing. There is a war going on between Saudi
             | Arabia and Yemen, and Syria is still festering. Nobody
             | seems to care.
        
         | awb wrote:
         | > But then I read about the history of the conflict and see
         | that Ukraine has had separatist states and civil war for years.
         | 
         | Ukraine voted 90+% in favor of independence from Russia back in
         | the 1991, with 82% of the electorate participating:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of...
         | 
         | Since Putin came to power, he's worked hard to expand Russia's
         | influence outside of it's current borders and back towards it's
         | former USSR or Russian Empire borders. This includes
         | propaganda, instigating rebellions, etc.
         | 
         | The "civil war" in Ukraine, started after a pro-Russian
         | President was ousted, and without direct influence over
         | Ukraine, Russia has been fighting a proxy war in the separatist
         | regions.
         | 
         | > It isn't like Ukraine is a stable, peaceful, and unwitting
         | nation, like, say, Denmark.
         | 
         | Russia is claiming that the people of Ukraine are Russian
         | speaking and historically belong integrated with Russia.
         | 
         | It's like Mexico saying they want the Southwest US back.
         | Historically it was part of Mexico, has many Spanish speakers,
         | etc.
         | 
         | But where does this stop? What if Italy wants to recreate the
         | Roman Empire or the UK wants to re-establish the British
         | Empire? It's really bizarre to look backwards in time, as there
         | are 30 year olds in Ukraine with kids of their own now who were
         | never alive during the USSR and know nothing but Ukrainian
         | independence.
         | 
         | Ideally as a world, we allow people the right to self-
         | determination. But every superpower I can think of throughout
         | history is guilty of influencing (or attacking) foreign
         | countries for political and military advantage and
         | manufacturing any reason imaginable to justify it.
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | Is there any strategic significance to this? I thought it was
       | closed?
        
         | shiado wrote:
         | Theoretically the whole area could be turned into a dirty bomb
         | with a few strategic strikes and it would be carried down a
         | river destroying vast areas of Ukraine for millennia.
        
           | prodmerc wrote:
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | True - but Russia has nuclear weapons which are more precise
           | and would send the strongest possible message. This is also
           | important because destroying a country might land you a
           | victory, but if it's destroyed, that is a shallow victory. A
           | well-placed nuke is scary and controlled.
        
             | bcrosby95 wrote:
             | Russia would never nuke Ukraine because of the reaction
             | from the West. Using existing radioactive materials
             | wouldn't provoke the same reaction.
             | 
             | I'm not saying Russia will do anything here, but the two
             | are very different from a geopolitical standpoint.
        
           | Sebb767 wrote:
           | If Russia really wanted to create nuclear fallout problems,
           | they have weapons that do so far more targeted and
           | effectively.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | But they can't "easily" blame such Weapon usage on the EU
             | (saying they accidentally caused it) or "Ukraine"
             | terrorists.
        
             | protomyth wrote:
             | I assume its to make sure no one in the Ukraine makes a
             | dirty bomb, not the other way around. Revenge is a powerful
             | motivator and Chernobyl has the raw materials to make for a
             | horrific revenge.
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | It'd be easier to cover up by claiming it was an accident
             | or they were fired on by the Ukranians. You don't really
             | have the same leeway when you drop a nuke.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | It is actually deviously brilliant. No one wants to shell the
         | area because it would release all the dust and radionuclides
         | that were buried during the cleanup.
         | 
         | It is a perfect staging area because the downside to attacking
         | it is so high. No allied forces in Europe want to deal with the
         | fallout - literally.
         | 
         | This is so genius I'm genuinely in awe. This is right out of
         | Sun Tzu: "The art of war teaches us to rely not on the
         | likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness
         | to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but
         | _rather on the fact that we have made our position
         | unassailable._ "
        
           | systemvoltage wrote:
           | Unless they're literally housed inside the containment
           | building, this is useless against precision guided missiles
           | and bombs. Are you talking about deterrence to nuclear
           | bombing of Chernobyl? Then it is a moot point because the
           | fallout from the weapon itself would dwarf the dormant
           | fissile material in the containment facility.
           | 
           | Sorry, but this makes no sense. If Russia wants to deter EU
           | with fallout, they already have such a mechanism - their
           | massive stockpile of nuclear weapons to deter aggression by
           | EU.
        
             | Freestyler_3 wrote:
             | I think a nuclear bomb and a nuclear power plant are very
             | different and have different halftimes.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | Halflife is the word you're looking for, but they're not
               | so different in terms of halflife. Although a nuclear
               | bomb would be _way worse_.
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | No this doesn't have anything to do with Nuclear Weapon
             | deterrence. Much of the liquidation effort was literally
             | burying contaminated topsoil in the area. The explosions
             | from conventional bombs would kick radioactive particles
             | back up into the atmosphere. Europe probably does not want
             | to deal with that, so I imagine they will refrain from
             | attacking directly.
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | If I understand correctly, your central thesis is about
               | deterring EU from attacking. It misses the point that
               | Russia already has a huge stockpile of nuclear weapons to
               | deter EU from attacking them. So, why would they rely on
               | an 'offchance' 2nd-hand threat of fallout when they can
               | just threaten to use their guaranteed-to-deter stockpile
               | of weapons?
        
               | rocqua wrote:
               | I think the thesis is to prevent Ukraine from attacking
               | the staging area. Giving them a really safe base.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | I think I'm using "Allied Forces" and "Europeans" too
               | loosely. I was lumping Ukrainian forces into that label.
               | They're already under attack so any conventional
               | retaliation on invading forces is already a given. I'm
               | basically saying that NATO/EU would put pressure on
               | Ukraine NOT to attack the staging area because any
               | fallout could waft over into Western Europe. This is in
               | addition to the already present downside of Ukraine re-
               | contaminating their own backyard.
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | I see, it's an important distinction. I would agree,
               | Ukrainian military would face some deterrence.
        
             | juliansimioni wrote:
             | I would imagine that even a small conventional bomb landing
             | anywhere within a few miles of Chernobyl would unearth and
             | spread contamination.
             | 
             | I remember reading somewhere that all the ground was full
             | of small radioactive particles in the area surrounding
             | Chernobyl. So basically what they had to do was dig up the
             | first few feet of dirt and flip it over, burying the
             | contaminated dirt. Any small bomb would undo that. Then the
             | wind would carry it and we'd have a whole mess.
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | If that is true, then every explosion contaminates the
           | vehicles and personnel staged in the immediate vicinity.
           | Doesn't sound so brilliant to me.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | True, but the Russians are also counting on the idea that
             | Ukrainian forces do not want to release that fallout back
             | on to their own territory and that European forces do not
             | want radioactive particles wafting back over into
             | continental Europe.
             | 
             | Russia has calculated that while an attack would be bad for
             | the Russian forces at Chernobyl, it would actually be much
             | worse for the allied forces.
        
               | awb wrote:
               | > True, but the Russians are also counting on the idea
               | that Ukrainian forces do not want to release that fallout
               | back on to their own territory
               | 
               | Unless there is no Ukraine. Blowing it up is the closest
               | thing Ukraine has to a nuke and it would take out any
               | troops stationed there. It would be a horrific thing to
               | do though and I don't think the Ukrainian leadership has
               | the demeanor to do it.
        
             | firebaze wrote:
             | Russian military generally played wars with an assumed unit
             | cost of approximately zero. They still appear to do so,
             | despite the declining birth rate (there's a reason russian
             | roulette is called as it is)
        
           | throwawaymanbot wrote:
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Well he invented fighting, and he perfected it so that no
           | living man could best him in the ring of honour.
           | 
           | Then he used his fight money to buy two of every animal on
           | Earth, and then he herded them onto a boat, and then he beat
           | the crap out of every single one...
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | I'm so confused by this comment... o_O
        
               | progman32 wrote:
               | That's because we're engineers, and we solve problems.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Not problems like 'what is beauty' because that would
               | fall within the purview of your conundrums of philosophy.
               | 
               | We solve practical problems.
        
               | TheBozzCL wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h42d0WHRSck
        
             | TheBozzCL wrote:
             | And from that day forward, any time a bunch of animals are
             | together in one place it's called a 'zoo'.
             | 
             | Unless it's a farm, of course.
        
           | cdelsolar wrote:
        
           | prodmerc wrote:
        
           | thow-58d4e8b wrote:
           | Chernobyl sarcophagus is a massive pile of concrete -
           | basically indestructible. Buildings made of concrete are
           | ridiculously resilient to explosions - remember the Beirut
           | explosion? That grain silo right next to the epicenter was
           | still standing
           | 
           | Berlin has some flak towers from WW2, quoting Wikipedia:
           | 
           | The Soviets, in their assault on Berlin, found it difficult
           | to inflict significant damage on the flak towers, even with
           | some of the largest Soviet guns, such as the 203 mm M1931
           | howitzers. After the war, the demolition of the towers was
           | often considered not feasible and many remain to this day
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | While the Sarcophagus and New Safe Confinement structure
             | around the reactor contains the worst of the fallout, most
             | of the contamination in the surrounding area was simply
             | buried underground using bulldozers and earth-moving
             | equipment. Explosions risk kicking up that contamination
             | from the soil.
        
             | donkeyd wrote:
             | You underestimate the amount of nuclear material that's
             | still in the ground around there. Vaporizing that isn't a
             | great idea.
        
             | seizethegdgap wrote:
             | > Chernobyl sarcophagus is a massive pile of concrete -
             | basically indestructible.
             | 
             | This is such an hilariously uneducated take that it has to
             | be trolling.
             | 
             | Let's set aside the facts that the sarcophagus' 20-30 year
             | estimated lifetime has already expired, and has previously
             | partially collapsed, and has had to be replaced by the New
             | Safe Confinement structure. A stray artillery shell will
             | tear apart any 36 year old building that was structurally
             | weakened by an explosion, concrete or not.
        
             | firebaze wrote:
             | This is wrong on so many levels, it's almost right again.
        
             | qbasic_forever wrote:
             | Chernobyl's containment is not massive concrete, and cannot
             | sustain a hit from a bomb in any way. The new safe
             | containment structure is metal and air, it's meant to
             | contain dust as the reactor building inside is dismantled.
             | Watch this to learn all about it:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdnutU2m71o
             | 
             | The old sarcophagus that was build in 1986 only had
             | concrete walls in a few key places. Much of it had huge
             | holes and open areas covered in sheet metal. All of it was
             | falling apart and rapidly deteriorating when construction
             | on new safe containment started.
             | 
             | And remember there are 3 other reactor buildings at the
             | site and none of them are covered by the containment
             | structure or really any protection (Chernobyl's Soviet era
             | design which lacks a concrete containment structure is
             | partly why its meltdown was so catastrophic). The site
             | cannot withstand any attack.
        
         | gmuslera wrote:
         | To mine unobtanium, by now it should be enough of it there.
        
         | uuav wrote:
         | Having news reports about Russian control over Chernobyl is
         | enough to scare a good chunk of European population.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | this whole event smells like a hooligan drive-by and not a
           | planned military operation, too many dirty tricks
        
             | ojbyrne wrote:
             | Really? To me it seems very well planned, but with tons of
             | disinformation to make potential opponents hesitate to act
             | as much as possible.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | That's what war is about. (acting strategic)
             | 
             | That's how Hitler was initially so military successful.
             | 
             | Act hard, ruthless and be done before the (main) enemy
             | realizes what hit their ally.
             | 
             | EDIT: Not saying it's ethical to do so.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I get it, I'm not naive.. I'm saying it looks dirty as in
               | dumb/reckless, not efficient. But I may be wrong.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Do what the enemy thinks you are too smart to do.
        
             | dokem wrote:
             | Dirty tricks? In war? Unheard of.
        
         | w0de0 wrote:
         | The exclusion zone occupies the shortest route from Belarus to
         | Kyiv.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Yes - Chernobyl is inside the massive "Chernobyl Exclusion
         | Zone," a zone which is conveniently only ~80 miles from the
         | capital of Ukraine, and is just a wide swatch of empty land and
         | abandoned buildings, perfect for parking military equipment.
         | The radiation levels, though high compared to the rest of
         | Ukraine, is low enough to not be a risk for their short-term
         | stay.
        
         | maybelsyrup wrote:
         | Yeah the Russians now control the entire supply of Ukranian
         | Airbnb Experiences
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | Chernobyl was built near where power is consumed.
         | 
         | It's only 81km up-river from Kyiv.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | Two strategic points off the top of my head:
         | 
         | One, the railhead. Afaik it's operational and modern, as they
         | used it for moving material for constructing the sarcophagus.
         | Goes straight to Kiev. Makes for easy onwards transport of
         | materiel from Belarus.
         | 
         | Two, a gun to the head of Europe. They could threaten to
         | destroy the containment, and/or to bomb the reactor building to
         | aerosolise as much radioactive material as possible.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Why blow up a dirty bomb when they have 1000 real bombs?
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | Additionally to what was already said in other threads
             | about this:
             | 
             | Why wast money?
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | Why do you care about saving money when you are planning
               | on ending the world in the next hour?
        
             | AitchEmArsey wrote:
             | Nuking someone is a definitive, MAD-triggering event.
             | Causing a radiological disaster "accidentally" would be
             | entirely consistent with the "stop hitting yourself"
             | diplomacy Russia has undertaken since moving against
             | Ukraine in 2014.
        
             | newuser94303 wrote:
             | They won't blow up Chernobyl. Ukraine is a top grain
             | exporting nation. Without wheat, Ukraine's economy would be
             | even worse and there would be no way to feed the people.
        
           | AmericanBlarney wrote:
           | I don't think the second is realistic, as that might be
           | considered an attack on NATO countries, which is likely not a
           | scale of war Russia is looking for.
        
           | Calavar wrote:
           | > _Two, a gun to the head of Europe. They could threaten to
           | destroy the containment, and /or to bomb the reactor building
           | to aerosolise as much radioactive material as possible._
           | 
           | If they wanted to go that extreme, they always had the option
           | of just launching nukes. Capturing the reactor and blowing
           | the sarcophagus just seems like a lot of needless extra
           | steps.
        
             | steve_adams_86 wrote:
             | Maybe I read too much scifi, but can't nukes be intercepted
             | in key locations? They might be able to land them in more
             | remote places, but wouldn't hitting cities be difficult? I
             | was under the impression developed nations have missile
             | interception technologies. But yeah, I've read books not
             | based in reality and watched some netflix in my days, so I
             | could be in fantasy land. Kind of sobering to write this
             | out and realize how clueless I am.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Aside from the numbers game, ICBMs used to be the fastest
               | way to deliver a warhead, with the obvious drawback that
               | anyone watching the horizon can see it coming from half a
               | world away.
               | 
               | Nuclear warheads have been further miniaturized since the
               | cold war, it is now possible to fit them into cruise
               | missiles.
               | 
               | > The deployment of Kalibr missiles, long-range, low-
               | flying, capable of carrying conventional or nuclear
               | warheads, available in land-attack, anti-ship and anti-
               | submarine variants, was said to have altered the military
               | balance in Europe and potentially compromised the NATO
               | missile defence system under construction in Europe. [0]
               | 
               | There's also the rumored/propagandized hypersonic,
               | nuclear powered cruise missiles (skyfall [1]) that are
               | meant to defeat missile defense and circumvent MAD by
               | enabling undetected first strike.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-
               | launched_cruise_mi...
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik
               | 
               | Disclaimer, I'm just a web developer with access to
               | wikipedia yo
        
               | unionpivo wrote:
               | intercepting few (up to few dozen) missiles sure.
               | 
               | Intercepting hundreds potentially thousands ? Not really.
        
               | jcrawfordor wrote:
               | The US and Russia long had a treaty which prohibited the
               | development of anti-ballistic missile systems with narrow
               | exceptions. While the treaty agreement effectively ended
               | in 2002, it did effectively stop most ABM work in both
               | countries for an extended period of time. Further, the
               | problem has proven to be exceptionally difficult. The
               | Strategic Defense Initiative, better known as "Star
               | Wars," was an effort towards a comprehensive defense
               | against nuclear ICBMs that was famously declared to be
               | beyond the realm of the possible by some technical
               | groups. While US ABM work as resumed in earnest over the
               | last couple of decades or so, it remains an extremely
               | hard problem and progress has been slow. The prominent
               | GMD system, for example, has the ability to counter only
               | "tens" of warheads (and at tremendous expense, having to
               | fire many interceptors per inbound missile in order to
               | raise the probability of success). Other systems like
               | Aegis are generally even more limited.
               | 
               | So while various countries do possess ABM systems with
               | varying levels of efficacy, in general we could expect
               | only a very small portion of inbound ICBMs to be
               | successfully intercepted... if any. These types of
               | systems have consistently under-performed expectations as
               | field conditions prove to be more challenging than
               | expected, and that's with limited knowledge of the
               | countermeasures an adversary like Russia might employ.
        
             | codezero wrote:
             | Plausible deniability is a good reason not to use nukes.
             | They could have a military accident, or blame a saboteur
             | for some sort of weapons cache exploding in-situ and claim
             | it was not intentional.
        
             | ojbyrne wrote:
             | It gives some deniability. "In desperation, the Ukrainian
             | government has shelled the Chernobyl site."
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | > Two, a gun to the head of Europe. They could threaten to
           | destroy the containment, and/or to bomb the reactor building
           | to aerosolise as much radioactive material as possible.
           | 
           | Does the wind only blow west? This seems pretty far fetched.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | Does Putin care, he will just say the West or Ukraine did
             | so to hinder Russia and then use the damage to Russia as an
             | excuse to act even more ruthless.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | It's a side you can't really bomb/air attack.
         | 
         | It's a side both EU and Russia are worried about I think.
         | 
         | Putin is afraid that Ukraine will somehow put together a form a
         | nuclear bomb and use it "in desperation", and remainders in it
         | could be used to build a dirty pseudo atom-bomb (or maybe we
         | should call it radiation bomb).
         | 
         | It's also is a nice path into the Ukrain with no
         | civilians/camera etc. around to get in their way.
        
         | janus wrote:
         | You don't want to bomb the Chernobyl exclusion area.
         | 
         | So it's a perfect place to station troops and military arsenal
        
       | carabiner wrote:
       | Can we skip to the good part? Ahhh, ahh ah ah.
        
         | GabrielMtn wrote:
         | Maybe tiktok or Instagram would be a better place for this
         | comment.
        
       | g45ylkjlk45y wrote:
        
       | w0de0 wrote:
       | This development is a tactical prerequisite for besieging or
       | attacking Kyiv. The exclusion zone covers the shortest route to
       | the city from Belarus - the shortest route available to Russian
       | forces.
       | 
       | It's also perhaps a strategic coup for Russia in two ways - but
       | it could also be a boon to Ukraine. The coming days will
       | elucidate which party most profits - probably Russia.
       | 
       | Russia's first strategic gain is simply one of properly executed
       | rapid maneuver armored warfare. They now hold a redoubt that is
       | difficult to safely attack, threatens Kyiv and the entire Dnipro
       | plain, and preemptively protects their politically weakest supply
       | line, Belarus.
       | 
       | Russia's second potential strategic boon here is more modern -
       | they have seized an infowar high ground.
       | 
       | The Financial Times this morning quotes an anonymous Russian
       | security official claiming Chernobyl's occupation creates a
       | potent psychological deterrent against both strategic escalation
       | and subtle tactical interference from the West.
       | 
       | The disaster of 86 looms large in the minds of European polities,
       | especially the Nordics. Placing the radioactive zone in the
       | battle space may chill European feet.
       | 
       | And in American minds, Chernobyl is unavoidably associated with
       | the USSR and memories of a more dangerous iteration of Russia. (I
       | expect many on this side of the Atlantic think the plant is in
       | Russia.) Occupying it elevates the danger and the power
       | associated with Russia nearer to Cold War levels of respect,
       | which is a fundamental goal of Putin's revanchism.
       | 
       | However, in the Slavic societies of post-Soviet eastern Europe -
       | including Russians themselves - Chernobyl connotes the corruption
       | and failure of the USSR. Gorbachev himself blamed the Union's
       | destruction entirely on the loss of scientific and nuclear
       | prestige, and national confidence, engendered by the disaster.
       | 
       | So Russia risks reminding all their former satellite peoples of
       | the last empire's outcome. Ukraine's morale and propaganda may
       | turn the loss into a victory - especially if the Nordics
       | polities, and German citizenry, favor outrage over trepidation.
       | In this pursuit, Zelensky spoke several hours ago with Sweden's
       | PM about specifically the Chernobyl battle - and Ukraine's FM
       | called it an "attack on Europe."
       | 
       | I hope desperately that Ukraine gains greater European unity, and
       | Russia gets further opprobrium among those Europeans who yet
       | still take an understanding view of Putin's new imperialism.
       | 
       | But I suspect the affair will on the whole benefit Russia. All
       | else aside, it's clear they are fighting a conventional ground
       | war. They need the hard tactical advantage of occupying this
       | particular 1,000 square miles to win; even if they lose the
       | information battle they have advanced their cause.
        
         | marvin wrote:
         | I don't understand your infowar reasoning at all. Pripyat and
         | its immediate vicinity is just an unpopulated area with a
         | decomissioned nuclear power station in it.
         | 
         | Is the subtext that Putin plans to blow it up, or what? I'm
         | pretty sure that attacking central Europe with a dirty bomb
         | would make it very difficult for NATO to avoid invoking Article
         | 5.
        
           | w0de0 wrote:
           | Is the subtext that Putin plans to blow it up, or what?
           | 
           | Information war does not need a rational subtext - I suspect
           | it is more effective when it hasn't any. Even better if
           | multiple rationalities are all slightly plausible yet all
           | slightly absurd.
           | 
           | The fundamental tactic is to obscure truth with a flood of
           | bullshit. One thus removes the surety of known & agreed facts
           | from both the politics of enemy's polity and the planning of
           | the enemy's military.
           | 
           | With its rapidity, and its dynamic reaction the the enemy's
           | information disposition, Russia's approach is to conventional
           | propaganda what blitzkrieg was to trench warfare - largely
           | the same tools, but radically different tactics. To stretch
           | the analogy, the internet takes the tank's place as the key
           | disruptive technology which both inspires and requires new
           | tactics.                 I'm pretty sure that attacking
           | central Europe with a dirty bomb would make it very difficult
           | for NATO to avoid invoking Article 5.
           | 
           | This threat is, I'm pretty sure, not intended. Russia already
           | has enough nukes and Putin has already rather clearly
           | threatened nuclear escalation if any nation "interferes."
           | There is perhaps an implicit threat intended - "nice
           | continent you got here - and, oh, look, Russia is now in
           | charge of protecting its on-going habitability!"
           | 
           | Think of it like this:
           | 
           | Russia wants to be a respected great power. Putin's
           | revisionist fantasy casts Russia as the primary arbiter of
           | Europe's political order.
           | 
           | Chernobyl is an on-going danger to the entire peninsula's
           | safety. It must have a robust institutional custodian -
           | perhaps for centuries to come. It may not be as dangerous,
           | but that cannot be assumed, it must be proven conclusively
           | (and even then concern will linger: democracies are quite
           | skilled at turning society's vague, broadly-held fears into
           | irrational policy).
           | 
           | Therefore Europe cannot ostracize any polity controlling the
           | exclusion zone indefinitely. The EU paid for the current
           | sarcophagus: managing this risk is a vital interest of the
           | entire Union.
           | 
           | More broadly: fear need not be (and usually is not) rational
           | in order to be acted upon - especially in democracies.
           | Pripyat and its immediate vicinity is just an unpopulated
           | area with a decomissioned nuclear power station in it.
           | 
           | You are rational and informed, and perhaps correct (I don't
           | know). As far as facts actually matter here, however, your
           | analysis is incomplete.
           | 
           | The exclusion zone is an unpopulated area with a
           | decommissioned nuclear power plant *which happens to be
           | directly between the Russian army and their objective*. Any
           | conventional attack on Kyiv from Belarus must include this
           | area - even if it was truly unexceptional.
           | 
           | But the facts don't matter. "Chernobyl" is a totem in
           | American and European minds. The very fact of this HN post's
           | popularity attests such.
           | 
           | Russian strategists hope, I think, that they can gain an edge
           | by capturing the totem. They think to turn its symbolic
           | meanings to their own ends.
           | 
           | Ukrainians also hope to use Chernobyl's various meanings in
           | the minds of their allies to their advantage, as a warning
           | and an impetus for solidarity.
           | 
           | Semiotic warfare, if you will!
        
       | g45ylkjlk45y wrote:
        
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