[HN Gopher] How does perspective work in pictures?
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       How does perspective work in pictures?
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2022-03-02 14:31 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aaronhertzmann.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aaronhertzmann.com)
        
       | belfalas wrote:
       | Really interesting article! For anyone curious about perspective
       | in art, see the book "Perspective Made Easy" by Ernest Norling.
       | It is easy to follow and has simple helpful exercises.
       | 
       | A more technical and challenging book is "How to Draw" by Scott
       | Robertson. That one is good if you want more technical theory
       | understanding (plus the illustrations are amazing).
        
       | TrevorJ wrote:
       | This is dancing around the real issue - there are many different
       | district processes that our eyes use which fuse into a sense of
       | 'being there'. Any attempt to compress this into a single
       | monographic static image will be a compromise.
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | Ahh, I love this article. I'm among those that dislike all my
       | photos with small objects that don't look as I see them. I guess
       | building photo optics that do not use linear perspective is out
       | of the question. I haven't got time to read all the papers they
       | are referencing (currently searching for a new computer vision
       | job, and there is so much in that area that I can't really read
       | everything), but I wonder how many techniques to computationally
       | change the perspective of the image depend on LIDAR depth
       | information, how many on guessing depth via some other means
       | (e.g. neural networks), and how many on neither?
        
       | deadbeeves wrote:
       | The article is close, but doesn't quite get there. The problem is
       | not the image itself or how it's taken, but rather how it's
       | displayed. When you look at the world through your eyeballs, your
       | brain recreates the scene so that it wraps around an imaginary
       | point in mental space, so to speak. Things that are to your right
       | "appear to your right" in your mind. When you're looking at a
       | photograph, regardless of how much field of view it was taken
       | with, it's displayed in a very small portion of your entire field
       | of vision, even if you're looking at it on a computer monitor;
       | it's even worse if you're looking at it on a phone. You're
       | basically always looking at it zoomed out. It would be possible
       | to recreate the scene exactly as it would have appeared if your
       | eye was where the camera was when the photo was taken, but you'd
       | need to blow it up on a huge screen, like a movie theater screen,
       | and stand fairly close to it. Then you'd be able to see that
       | actually most lenses other than fisheyes have fairly narrow field
       | of views.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | An easy way to make your point is to do what "artistic types"
         | in e.g. cartoons do to make a viewfinder to estimate a shot:
         | use your thumbs and forefingers in front of your face to make a
         | rectangular "window." Now recognize how much smaller this
         | window is than your field of view.
        
           | deadbeeves wrote:
           | That's exactly how I came to understand the effect. I was
           | looking at a picture of a sunset I had taken and wondering
           | why the sun looked so much smaller than when I was there. I
           | remembered that the sun, like the moon, is roughly the size
           | of the thumbnail when the arm is completely stretched out, so
           | I zoomed in the image until the sun was the right angular
           | size, and the sizes of all the objects then appeared as in
           | real life, only observed through tunnel vision.
        
         | johnmaguire wrote:
         | Photography + VR headsets will be interesting.
        
           | eurekin wrote:
           | I'm wondering for years already, why there's no head mounted
           | display for mirrorless
        
         | codeflo wrote:
         | I was looking for someone commenting this. There's no mystery,
         | it's really just geometry. Imagine casting a ray from your
         | eyeball to a pixel on the monitor. Then imagine the same ray at
         | the same angle on the actual scene. If the pixel matches the
         | correct part of the scene, then the image appears natural.
         | 
         | But that's really a tiny field of view. Perhaps the easiest way
         | to see this is that it's the same geometry as having a monitor-
         | sized window in a wall at the same distance, and looking
         | outside. That would be really tiny window, and you wouldn't
         | expect to see much of the outside without getting a lot closer.
         | 
         | As a result, most pictures are taken at a wider field of view
         | than what would be natural for typical viewing distances, to
         | show more of the scene. Which explains the distortions that
         | make everything at a distance appear tiny.
         | 
         | You fundamentally can't "solve" this without dramatically
         | increasing the FOV that you're viewing things with -- VR being
         | the obvious idea.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | The mystery is "why can I view the world with my eyes and see
           | a wide angle, straight lines, and "natural" perspective, but
           | when I take pictures with a wide angle, everything looks
           | "weird."
           | 
           | You can throw away the straight lines and shoot with a
           | fisheye lens (no straight lines, wide angle, fairly natural
           | depth), you can crop in (depth fine, but now I'm missing
           | stuff around the edges), and you can shoot with a wide
           | rectilinear lens (wide angle, straight lines, "exaggerated"
           | perspective).
           | 
           | As far as I know, the answer is simply that your eyes _aren
           | 't rectilinear_ but your brain fudges it to make straight
           | lines seem straight when the image on our retina actually
           | curves.
           | 
           | The effect is most prominent when standing in a small room.
           | It's impossible to take a single picture of it that conveys
           | what you want: a wide rectilinear lens will exaggerate how
           | big the room is (and look weird around the edges), a "normal"
           | rectilinear lens will be so cropped in that you can't see
           | most of the room, and a fisheye lens will make all straight
           | lines curve, especially around the edges. None of them really
           | represent the visual experience of being in the room. Just
           | look at how weird real-estate listings can get when they try
           | to show you a picture of a small bathroom.
        
             | grumbel wrote:
             | The problem isn't taking the photo, but that the size you
             | are viewing the photo at is simply too small and flat.
             | Human field of view is somewhere around 200x130deg, you are
             | not going to capture that on a tiny flat bit of paper which
             | might just be 40x30deg. Reaching the 200deg isn't even
             | possible with a flat photo. You can try to make it
             | aesthetically pleasing, but you can't make it accurate
             | without making it bigger and curved.
             | 
             | When you enlarge the photo and display it at the field of
             | view it was captured at, as you can do in VR, the whole
             | problem disappears and the photo just looks like the real
             | world. Use two cameras and it'll even be in 3D.
        
             | c1ccccc1 wrote:
             | Probably a big part of it is that the high-resolution area
             | of the retina is quite small. So in that small area, the
             | perspective is close to perfect, and then we mentally
             | stitch together a larger image by moving our eyes around.
             | But the larger image that's stitched together is in the
             | shape of a sphere rather than a flat surface, with each
             | point on the sphere corresponding to a direction the eyes
             | could be pointing.
        
               | twelvechairs wrote:
               | Yes. Also image aspect ratio and the relationship between
               | horizontal and vertical is complex. Our eyes themselves
               | move reasonably comfortably 15 degrees in all directions
               | (maybe a little less up), but peripheral vision is
               | greater in width than height and we are used to turning
               | our heads to see objects in horizontal field of view more
               | than vertical.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | An important thing missed here: according to the EXIF data in
       | them, these photos are all taken with an iPhone XS. That means
       | they are taken with a tiny wide angle lens. You'd get a very
       | different shot if you took out a dedicated camera with a
       | physically larger lens and a smaller angle.
       | 
       | The overall thrust of this article _touches_ on this when it
       | starts discussing different focal lengths, but the fact that the
       | engineers at Apple made a particular set of choices with their
       | lenses that are a compromise between  "what can be achieved with
       | a tiny flat lens measured in millimeters" and "what provides a
       | mostly-acceptable image in _any_ situation ", and are very not
       | the choices one might make for specifically photographing a
       | portrait or a landscape or whatever, is really never remarked on.
        
         | deadbeeves wrote:
         | The size of the lens is actually completely irrelevant. Anyone
         | who has done any 3D work can tell you the size of the lens has
         | absolutely no effect on perspective. The mathematical model of
         | a camera in a 3D renderer doesn't have a parameter for lens
         | diameter. There's no way to make an image appear as if it has
         | been taken by a really tiny camera or a really huge camera. At
         | the worst the huge camera will not physically fit in certain
         | spaces.
         | 
         | All the size of the lens affects is how much light can come
         | into the camera, which in turn affects the quality of the photo
         | with less than ideal lighting conditions.
        
           | codeflo wrote:
           | Aperture size has an effect on depth of field (the degree to
           | which points that are out of focus are blurred). I think in
           | practical cameras, aperture size isn't constant as you vary
           | camera size, so that makes the scale relevant. But I'm not
           | 100% sure how photography terminology like "stops" maps to
           | the underlying geometry, so take this with a grain of salt.
        
             | thequux wrote:
             | The "f/" in aperture settings literally stands for "focal
             | length divided by ...". e.g, an f/2 aperture on a 50mm lens
             | has a diameter of 25mm.
             | 
             | One aperture stop corresponds to a scaling factor of
             | sqrt(2), because the _area_ of the aperture scales with the
             | square of the diameter, and halving the area results in
             | half the light (and 1 /1.414... of the aperture diameter)
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | All else being equal, switching to a longer lens won't make the
         | _relative_ size of the elements of the image change at all.
         | 
         | You can simulate the results just by cropping photos taken with
         | the wide iPhone lens. There will be no difference between the
         | perspective of a cropped iPhone picture and an uncropped
         | picture with a longer lens.
         | 
         | Of course such cropping will be likely to throw stuff away from
         | the borders of the image that you'd rather keep, because you
         | composed before you cropped. To avoid losing stuff on the
         | edges, you'd have had to stand further away from your subject,
         | which happens naturally when you're shooting with a longer
         | lens. But you could have stood further away, shot with an
         | iPhone, and then cropped in, and the only difference between
         | that and a "true" zoom lens is that it's probably blurrier
         | because you are working with fewer pixels.
         | 
         | (the above is only true for rectilinear lenses, it's the
         | linearity of the perspective that means that zooming ==
         | cropping)
         | 
         | The article is about how when a human looks at a scene, you'll
         | see quite a wide angle, but when you take a photo that covers a
         | similar angle to what you're perceiving, you end up with an
         | image that seems to exaggerate the sense of depth that you had
         | at the time. This is at least partly because human eyes aren't
         | rectilinear; you can shoot with a non-rectilinear lens but then
         | all the straight lines you expect... aren't.
         | 
         | A skilled artist can produce a scene with 1) straight lines 2)
         | a similar field of view, and 3) "natural" depth, as in the
         | Turner painting in the article. To do this you have to depart
         | from linear perspective. You couldn't get Turner's painting
         | just by standing further away; he's doing something rather more
         | complicated.
        
         | shuntress wrote:
         | The article mentions "Correct" perspective several times and
         | seems like it is leading into an explanation of why 50mm is
         | generally accepted as the most natural match to the human eye's
         | perspective. But, it never really gets there.
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | Yeah, it's sort of a semi-conventional (and somewhat
           | controversial) statement in the film/photo world to say that
           | 50mm lens on a full frame sensor/35mm stock is "what people
           | see." Some argue it's closer to 35-40mm. Some argue it's all
           | moot. Maybe he ultimately just decided not to firmly stick by
           | it haha
        
           | thequux wrote:
           | You can figure out "natural" focal length by taking a printed
           | photograph, holding it at a comfortable viewing distance, and
           | measuring that distance. Now, scale all of those distances
           | down until the photo is the size of your imaging surface
           | (24x36mm for 135 film, better known these days as "full-
           | frame").
           | 
           | Normally, for a 4x5" photo, you'll naturally hold it about 6"
           | from your face, which is pretty close to 150mm. Ergo, the
           | "normal" lens for 4x5 cameras was 150mm. If you scale that
           | down to the "35mm" 24x36 frame, though, you'll discover that
           | that's closer to 40mm. This is not a mistake; IIRC, one of
           | the early 135 camera makers found it easier to make a 50mm
           | lens than a 40mm lens, and it's stuck ever since.
           | 
           | It so happens that a normal lens has a FOV of about 1 radian,
           | so the normal focal length is approximately the diagonal of
           | the image surface. A proof of that is left as an exercise for
           | the reader.
        
         | wyager wrote:
         | Ignoring "non-geometric" effects like depth of field, the only
         | optical parameter that matters here is the visible angle (a
         | function of focal length and crop factor).
         | 
         | Parameters like the size of the aperture are massively
         | important in general, but not for determining the relative size
         | of objects within the scene.
        
       | doomlaser wrote:
       | One of the coolest things about the Renaissance was the discovery
       | of how to render perspective in drawings and paintings. The
       | technique was spread greatly by the Italian book _de Pictura_ ,
       | written by the humanist and artist Leon Battista Alberti in 1435.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_pictura
       | 
       | It reminds me of viral art tutorials you see spread on Twitter
       | today, for things like video game artists and developers. The
       | illustrations still hold up, hundreds of years later:
       | https://twitter.com/Doomlaser/status/978211776167923712
       | 
       | Prior to this discovery and the book, Italian paintings had a
       | very muddled perspective, because people just didn't know how it
       | worked. You'd also often see Madonna and Child paintings with an
       | absurdly large baby, to signal divinity:
       | 
       | https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/4...
       | 
       | https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/frame-preview/7859545.jpg?sk...
        
       | TehShrike wrote:
       | Well, this blew my mind.
       | 
       | Are there any iOS camera apps that will let me experiment with
       | taking "natural perspective" photos?
        
         | spython wrote:
         | Not quite the same, but I quite enjoyed PicPlane
         | https://blog.mattbierner.com/pic-plane-1-1/ by Matt Bierner who
         | has quite a few of similar experimental visual perception apps.
        
         | namanyayg wrote:
         | +1. Any android apps? I've noticed this so much in landscape
         | photography it hurts.
        
       | bsenftner wrote:
       | Reminds me of this: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26795290
       | the FOVO Renderer that uses a variable zoom based on 2D distance
       | from the center of focus, which is more similar to human vision.
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | A sentence at the end of the article helped me understand why
       | looking at photos on a 12.9" iPad feels uniquely pleasurable to
       | me: I can, and naturally do, hold the device such that the image
       | fills my focal length.
       | 
       | Phones are of course too small, but my laptop screen, while
       | larger, isn't as nice, even for photos in landscape perspective,
       | because it's subjectively smaller in terms of the field of view
       | it fills. I'm estimating I naturally use a laptop about twice as
       | far from my eyes as an iPad.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | This makes me think of cinema. Most people who watch films at
         | home watch them on a far smaller screen than they were made for
         | and the picture encompasses a far smaller portion of the field
         | of view. Cinemascope films are supposed to fill almost all of
         | the horizontal field of view. IMAX films are supposed to fill
         | your entire field of view (extending right into the
         | peripheral).
         | 
         | I'm sure many people have tried, like me, to sit closer to the
         | screen so it fills more of your field of view. But even though
         | the angle might be the same, the experience is not. This is
         | true even if you view with one eye. So it makes me think there
         | is something else at play other than just viewing angles.
        
       | kingcharles wrote:
       | This article was fascinating and I can easily see this being the
       | next feature that smartphone manufacturers will add to their
       | camera apps. Most of the time I'm taking a photo I'm trying for
       | something that will look really cool when I post it online, I'm
       | not after a scientifically "accurate" representation of the
       | scene.
       | 
       | Smartphone hardware has hit a temporary wall that might last
       | another 5 or 10 years, software is the only battleground right
       | now.
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | Off topic but the lighthouse in the video is at the Cap de
       | Formentor in Mallorca.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formentor_Lighthouse
        
       | Gravityloss wrote:
       | Most of this article is not very informative, it boils down to
       | the fact that to get better photos you should just use a longer
       | focal length aka zoom in a bit and also take a few steps back.
        
         | TremendousJudge wrote:
         | did you even read it? it says nothing of the sort
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Would you kindly stop breaking the site guidelines? You've
           | been doing it repeatedly, unfortunately, and we've had to ask
           | you repeatedly not to.
           | 
           | In this case you broke this one: " _Please don 't comment on
           | whether someone read an article. "Did you even read the
           | article? It mentions that" can be shortened to "The article
           | mentions that."_"
           | 
           | More generally, you've been breaking this one: " _Be kind.
           | Don 't be snarky._"
           | 
           | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking
           | the intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be
           | grateful.
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | There has been a lot of press around the HN moderation,
             | mostly shock at the small size of the team doing it, but
             | also around the bigger point, which is the care that HN
             | shows about keeping its community in some sort of order.
             | 
             | I've built and run huge online communities in the past, and
             | they have died by 1000 paper cuts. Little bits of snark
             | building up like fat on the walls of an artery until the
             | clot ruptures. I've tried installing moderators I trusted,
             | but without exception each one would turn into a fascist
             | dictator stomping on accounts until everyone feared to
             | speak. I had to fire them all.
             | 
             | The biggest problem here is that HN moderators are not
             | replicable or replaceable. There is a quote I can't find
             | about how the type of person who _wants_ to be a politician
             | is exactly the sort you don 't want. The reason HN mods are
             | so good is because they didn't want the job, they fell into
             | it.
             | 
             | But it also has to be heartbreaking work, like those in the
             | Third World who moderate the main social networks watching
             | beheadings and child abuse all day. Eventually it will take
             | its toll and I don't know how the fuck HN will operate when
             | it has to find replacements.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I thought of some things to say in response to this but
               | I'm late for a training I'm in. Hopefully I'll remember
               | to come back here later.
        
             | TremendousJudge wrote:
             | My apologies. I haven't been in the best of moods lately. I
             | will stick more firmly to the guidelines in the future. I
             | really appreciate the civility of the discussion here
             | compared to the rest of the net, and I want to keep it that
             | way.
        
               | gfody wrote:
               | appreciate calling out middle brow dismissals which is a
               | uniquely hn problem and probably too subjective to write
               | a policy against
        
               | dang wrote:
               | That is hardly a "uniquely hn problem"! that is a human
               | nature problem. And there is a guideline against it:
               | 
               | " _Please don 't post shallow dismissals, especially of
               | other people's work. A good critical comment teaches us
               | something._"
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html)
               | 
               | That's a direct reference to pg's original concept of
               | middlebrow dismissal. We just changed the word from
               | 'middlebrow' to 'shallow' because the word 'middlebrow'
               | often comes across as a putdown and also often comes
               | across as labeling a person rather than a post.
               | 
               | Commenters who've actually read an article are always
               | welcome to respond with accurate, interesting information
               | from the article. That's a fine contribution. What's not
               | fine is the "did you even read the article" internet
               | trope.
        
               | Gabriel_Martin wrote:
        
               | GabrielMtn wrote:
               | No to be preachy, but if you're struggling a lot make
               | sure you're doing enough self care, I like long walks,
               | it's so easy to forget to make time when so much is
               | happening in the world.
        
           | shuntress wrote:
           | To help contextualize this response: The entire opening of
           | the article feels like an extremely heavy handed introduction
           | to "Photography 103 - Focal Length and How to Use It" without
           | ever really explaining focal length even while a basic
           | understanding of focal length & "compression" remains
           | relevant to the topic the article veers into.
        
             | Gravityloss wrote:
             | They do have a point. It's just "beating around the bush"
             | so much. Focal length, distortion, projection. I guess I'm
             | just too cranky for it.
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | I should have been more clear. I'm basically agreeing
               | with you. It feels like the article is constantly about
               | to say something like _" Here's an example where I used a
               | 50mm and you can see how much more closely it matches the
               | painting and my recollection"_ or something like that
               | before then going on to talk about how perspective in
               | photography is essentially a tradeoff with field-of-view.
               | But it... just doesn't do that and so ends up with this
               | awkward feeling mismatch with reader expectation (for me,
               | at least).
               | 
               | I don't necessarily begrudge the article for it but I do
               | share your frustration.
        
       | gfody wrote:
       | this is fascinating stuff, the software experiments made me
       | wonder if lightfield cameras will do better or at least enable
       | smarter perspective algorithms
        
       | Cieric wrote:
       | I ended up reading one of the referenced articles too since it
       | captured my interest
       | https://www.gamedeveloper.com/disciplines/fovo-a-new-3d-rend...
       | all of this looks interesting. I would love to add these
       | correction and similar to my game engine to experiment with it,
       | but fovotec seems to have to be paid/contacted for. I might try
       | and replicate what the author of the main article showed at the
       | end. Does anyone know of any more references to the 3d rendering
       | side of this topic?
       | 
       | Edit: Added words for clarity.
        
         | kwertyops wrote:
         | It looks like Unreal Engine (which is not open source, but you
         | can get access to the source code) has a "Panini Projection"
         | which does something similar:
         | https://docs.unrealengine.com/4.27/en-US/RenderingAndGraphic...
        
       | ISL wrote:
       | Perspective is a huge challenge in photography, in some respects
       | a central challenge.
       | 
       | Here's [1] an image, made with a rectilinear lens, which manages
       | to convey oodles of depth and structure. It is difficult to
       | overstate how challenging it can be to express that level of
       | depth in a flat image.
       | 
       | When people talk about how a focal-length "compresses" or
       | "exaggerates" an image, what they're really talking about is
       | perspective. Each field of view carries with it its own
       | perspective.
       | 
       | Variable focal-length ("zoom") lenses encourage us to select our
       | subject and composition first, then choose a perspective to
       | match. Frequently, it is more important to begin with our desired
       | subject and the perspective with which we wish the viewer to see
       | it (focal-length), then figure out how to build a composition to
       | match. A 24-70 mm lens isn't really a lens, it is at least six
       | lenses with significantly-different perspectives: 24, 28, 35, 40,
       | 50, and 70mm, each of which can take a lifetime to master.
       | 
       | One can deliver the perception that Hertzmann is after with a
       | rectilinear lens, but it isn't easy. Composition, lighting, and
       | dodging/burning are all tools to that end.
       | 
       | Think about your memory of the Tank Man in Tiananmen Square, now
       | look at the image [2]. I bet he's a much smaller part of the
       | frame than you recall, yet he utterly dominates your perception
       | of the image, even when you look at the actual rectilinear image.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.phillips.com/detail/HENRI-CARTIER-
       | BRESSON/NY0405...
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Man
        
         | Daub wrote:
         | > When people talk about how a focal-length "compresses" or
         | "exaggerates" an image, what they're really talking about is
         | perspective. Each field of view carries with it its own
         | perspective.
         | 
         | Completely agree. What is happening when the focal length of a
         | camera is changed is that the distance of the vanishing points
         | relative to the scene is changing.
         | 
         | I teach perspective in my drawing class. Few subjects are as
         | difficult to convey. Using 3d animations has helped a lot...
         | 
         | https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/87565/pages/perspective...
        
           | paulmd wrote:
           | The "dolly zoom" is a very effective way to convey this imo.
           | 
           | https://filmschoolrejects.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/2021/01/Jaw...
           | 
           | https://filmschoolrejects.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/2021/01/Fel...
           | 
           | https://screen-queens.com/2017/08/24/how-the-dolly-zoom-
           | chan...
           | 
           | There's also some rather neat series that play with
           | perspective. Don't have any at hand but google:
           | 
           | https://photography.tutsplus.com/tutorials/exploring-how-
           | foc...
           | 
           | https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7d67c8_1d09b657f6a04e6fb8.
           | ..
           | 
           | The way I've always explained it to people as a photographer:
           | your position with regard to the subject determines the
           | perspective, which is the relationship between objects in the
           | composition. Your choice of focal length determines what
           | field of view/image area of that perspective that you want to
           | capture.
           | 
           | And yes, to agree with a parent comment, this is something
           | that zoom lenses have rotted the brains of many photographers
           | on. People stand wherever is convenient and then zoom to fit
           | the subjects, rather than thinking first about how they want
           | the elements to be placed within the image.
           | 
           | It's hugely beneficial to work with a 3-lens kit or something
           | similar (eg 28mm, 50mm, 105mm) to really force you to think
           | about what you want from a particular exposure.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | > When people talk about how a focal-length "compresses" or
         | "exaggerates" an image, what they're really talking about is
         | perspective. Each field of view carries with it its own
         | perspective.
         | 
         | This is kind of a misconception because what creates
         | perspective distortion is not a given field of view, but the
         | distance to the subject. That's why short (50-100 mm) macro
         | lenses have a lot of perspective despite a clearly tele angle
         | of view; you get very close to the subject. Someone using a 55
         | mm macro lens for photography of small products tends to be
         | pretty obvious because of the strong perspective, things look
         | distorted and "bulging".
         | 
         | Of course subject size / angle of view => distance so it still
         | kinda works.
        
           | IIAOPSW wrote:
           | And, if you used an infinite zoom macro lens on a subject
           | infinitely far away, it would not have perspective at all but
           | instead appear as an isometric view. Where does one find an
           | infinitely large lens? Don't worry, you can't afford it
           | anyway. It costs infinite money.
           | 
           | Jokes aside, the math on this really works out. Orthogonal
           | projection is the limit as d tends to infinity of perspective
           | projection.
        
           | Phrodo_00 wrote:
           | Yeah, I was going to point out that out when he talked about
           | the portrait. It's not really about the focal length but
           | about the distance you normally look at people (although your
           | brain does a lot of compensation for wonky perspectives).
           | Focal length doesn't change the perspective, but it just
           | crops the image. Your feet changes the perspective.
        
         | grumbel wrote:
         | Tank Man is not a good example here, as it is not just one
         | image. People might remember [1], but never seen [2] or not
         | even be aware that there is a full video of the event [3] as
         | well. And of course depending on where you viewed it, it might
         | have been cropped, photoshopped or taken from the video.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://img.timeinc.net/time/images/covers/asia/2001/2001011...
         | 
         | [2] https://miro.medium.com/max/1024/1*yMZA-
         | hOHadTkNrGrSKriBw.jp...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qq8zFLIftGk
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | No, the Tank Man picture isn't surprising at all. The defining
         | property of that image is that he is small, but willing to
         | stand up to those tanks. My memory was correct -- it is a
         | picture of a very small object standing in front of several
         | extremely large objects.
        
       | zokier wrote:
       | I remember reading bit more on the work from fovotec authors
       | (Pepperell et al), and while there are some interesting ideas in
       | there, the majority of papers etc had heavy
       | snakeoil/pseudoscience smell. It would be nice if someone grabbed
       | those ideas and took a more rigorous approach to solve the same
       | problems.
       | 
       | That being said, the blog post is nice survey of the wider field
       | so that's nice at least.
       | 
       | Previous discussion on "FOVO" rendering (which has high overlap
       | with the topic) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26795290
        
       | agency wrote:
       | I've noticed this a lot at home. I live in western WA and am
       | lucky to have, on a clear day, a pretty breathtaking view of Mt.
       | Rainier. But pictures never do justice to the sense of scale you
       | get in person. It looks enormous on the horizon but in pictures
       | it's rather small and mundane.
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | Same with photos of the moon.
        
         | parenthesis wrote:
         | The standard trick is to have something in the foreground.
         | Several of the pictures on Mount Rainier's Wikipedia page do
         | this.
         | 
         | For example, trees in the foreground:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Rainier_panorama_2....
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nisqually_Glacier_0902.JP...
         | 
         | A settlement in the foreground:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Rainier_over_Tacoma...
         | 
         | Whereas, something like this
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Rainier_sunset.jpg is
         | more abstract and doesn't give the same sense of scale.
        
         | Kayou wrote:
         | What lense do you have to take your picture ? You might want to
         | zoom a bit to make it look like you see it, at least a 100mm
         | equivalent I would say.
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | I think this is what separates a good photographer from...
           | me.
           | 
           | I've tried various zoom levels before--and aspect ratios,
           | focal lengths, etc--but I can never capture in an image what
           | I'm seeing with my eyes. Either the enormous mountain is a
           | tiny feature off in the distance, or it fills the frame and
           | all context is lost. I can't seem to find a framing that
           | communicates both the grandness of the subject, and the
           | larger context it's situated in.
           | 
           | Obviously a 2D, cropped image of the landscape is going to
           | have to lose information compared to my 3D, panoramic view of
           | it. But I also know I've seen good photos of these types of
           | things. What are those photographers doing to capture that?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | chucksta wrote:
             | Images are often stacked too to achieve proper focus
             | throughout the picture. A lot of photos you see aren't
             | physically possible to get in 1 shot.
             | 
             | https://photographylife.com/landscapes/focus-stacking-
             | tutori...
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | It may help to know that it isn't easy to do.
             | 
             | Two things that might help your images say what you'd like
             | them to say:
             | 
             | 1) For depth, try making images that have a "foreground,
             | middle-ground, and background". The 24-28mm-equivalent
             | lenses on smartphones are a perfect training ground for
             | this kind of composition, as it is easier to select
             | foreground elements.
             | 
             | 2) Dodging and burning: The human eye is drawn to bright
             | parts of an image. Gently darkening things that are less-
             | important and gently highlighting things (and paths) that
             | are more important can have a huge impact on the perception
             | of an image. The Snapseed app, again on a smartphone,
             | offers a very-intuitive interface (look for the "brush"
             | tool) for learning to dodge and burn.
        
             | Aaargh20318 wrote:
             | > I can never capture in an image what I'm seeing with my
             | eyes. Either the enormous mountain is a tiny feature off in
             | the distance, or it fills the frame and all context is lost
             | 
             | Try adding a sense of depth by having a foreground, middle
             | and back.
             | 
             | Look at good landscape photos of mountains or other large
             | features and you'll see they almost always do this. By
             | having near, mid and far elements of interest you add a
             | sense of scale to the photo.
        
       | aeturnum wrote:
       | If you like this there's actually a lot of work on this kind of
       | topic in media studies! I particularly liked Nonhuman
       | Photography[1] by Joanna Zylinska.
       | 
       | [1] https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/nonhuman-photography
        
       | mabub24 wrote:
       | This is a topic where having knowledge of art history helps quite
       | a lot. One could make an entire university course around the ways
       | artists have grappled with perspective over time. Just coming to
       | grips with the fact that linear perspective is something we learn
       | to understand as "natural", as communicating a scene or image in
       | such and such a way, despite it being an artistic technique for
       | representing 3d shapes on a 2d surface from a fixed point(s) of
       | view, can be a big way to get people over the hump and to
       | appreciate non-representational art, or even just the works of
       | 20th and 19th century modernist painters like Picasso or Cezanne.
        
       | f154hfds wrote:
       | Linear perspective has some fun implications that I think about a
       | lot.
       | 
       | Apply a linear operator to a line and you get another line. This
       | is obvious but the inverse is also true: if a line is a result of
       | a linear operator the input was also a line. This is fun to think
       | about when looking at jet contrails and bridges, the milkyway and
       | pretty much any curve you have looked at your whole life. If it
       | isn't straight as you see it then it's not straight in reality.
        
       | leni536 wrote:
       | > For example, here's Turner's High Street, Oxford and a
       | photograph from the same spot, taken 200 years later
       | 
       | Those are not from the same spot. The painting is from further
       | back, and captures a narrower field of view.
        
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