[HN Gopher] Mushrooms: Next big thing in environmentally-friendl...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mushrooms: Next big thing in environmentally-friendly packaging,
       construction?
        
       Author : DocFeind
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2022-03-04 16:43 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nasdaq.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nasdaq.com)
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Crime Pays But Botany Doesn't:
       | 
       | The Ethnomycology of Ugly Landscaping:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHRgY8fZNv4
       | 
       | Late Night at the Mushroom Lab:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJVXAALRfRo
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | Some quick searching indicates that, unlike what the article
       | suggests, we can compost cardboard at home.
        
         | solomonb wrote:
         | It is in fact trivial to compost cardboard at home! I consider
         | cardboard a valuable resource around the garden and use it for
         | a variety of soil building related applications.
        
       | solomonb wrote:
       | You have to grow the fungi on some organic material such as
       | sawdust using a ton of energy and disposable plastics to
       | sterilize and culture the mycelium. Why not simply use the
       | sawdust or whatever as a soft packing material on its own?
        
         | wy35 wrote:
         | Have you ever felt mycelium? Mycelium is much softer than loose
         | sawdust. It's very bouncy and porous.
         | 
         | There's exceptions, of course. Reishi mycelium is extremely
         | hard. A student once created a canoe out of Reishi mycelium and
         | successfully paddled it around. Hobbyists who grow Reishi at
         | home often complain how it is nearly impossible to scoop Reishi
         | mycelium out of the jars they grow in. But I digress, the vast
         | majority of species have soft mycelium.
        
         | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
         | In all of the use cases where I have seen mushroom packaging
         | being called for, a traditional green packaging could have been
         | used instead. Recycled paper is a very versatile material and
         | is very easy to work with.
         | 
         | A wide variety of packaging can be made from cardboard &
         | cardstock with a simple steel rule die. If custom shapes are
         | needed, then compressed fiber like fast-food drink trays are an
         | option. There are starch-based packing peanuts that can replace
         | polystyrene peanuts. There's a lot more room for innovation
         | beyond what we already have too, I think Amazon's paper mailers
         | are a good example.
        
           | solomonb wrote:
           | I'm with you 100% on this. I actually cultivate gourmet
           | mushrooms as a hobby (started about 15 years ago when I took
           | a course in university) and am a big fan of mycology and the
           | importance of fungi ecologically, nutritionally, and
           | medicinally.
           | 
           | However, there are, IMO, currently significant environmental
           | downsides to indoor mushroom cultivation. Mushrooms are
           | having a "moment" and there is a gold rush to throw them at
           | everything under the sun.
        
       | meristohm wrote:
       | While this is cool, and I far prefer materials I can put in the
       | compost pile over those bound for Trash Mountain, Incinerator, or
       | Recycling Operation, the better action is to decrease demand by
       | getting by with less, collectively. I'm not appealing to
       | individuals to change their behavior, but to regulatory agencies
       | so there's a sense of fairness.
        
         | malleefowl wrote:
         | According to the Mushroom Packaging FAQ, it's home compostable
        
         | wy35 wrote:
         | Mushroom mycelium is organic material, so it is compostable.
         | Why do you think it wouldn't be?
         | 
         | In fact, mycelium composts faster since it contains more
         | nutrients than cardboard. Leftover mycelium is nutritious
         | enough to be used as fertilizer for growing other crops.
        
       | lvs wrote:
       | > If cement manufacturing alone were a country, it would be the
       | third-largest emitter of CO2 on the planet. Since mushrooms are
       | relatively easy to feed, can be grown anywhere, and are appealing
       | to increasingly environmentally aware consumers, we expect to see
       | significant growth in mushroom tech solutions in building
       | materials.
       | 
       | Mushrooms are not plants. They don't photosynthesize and fix
       | carbon dioxide from the air. Growing mushrooms is still carbon
       | positive. It's important to understand that this is an organism
       | that respires, so these generic claims about a carbon benefit
       | need much more analysis to understand whether there is in fact a
       | benefit at scale.
        
         | BizarroLand wrote:
         | By themselves they may not remove carbon from the air but they
         | do sequester carbon by consuming carbon stores and converting
         | them into different products.
         | 
         | You could, in theory, make a wolffia farm (Wolffia being the
         | fastest growing plant on the planet and very carbon hungry to
         | boot) and feed the wolffia to mushrooms to convert them into
         | building, clothing, and packing materials and thus create a
         | cycle of utilitarian carbon sequestration
         | 
         | https://www.cshl.edu/how-to-bury-carbon-let-plants-do-the-di...
         | 
         | https://cleantechnica.com/2013/04/04/mushrooms-could-be-key-...
        
       | revscat wrote:
       | > One of the market leaders in mycelium pack-tech is Ecovate
       | Design, based in New York, which closed a $60 million round of
       | funding last year. One of the company's products is Mushroom(r)
       | Packaging, which is made with just hemp hurd, a byproduct of the
       | fiber hemp industry, and mycelium to form a solid composite form
       | that is light, strong, fire, and water-resistant.
       | 
       | This is all well and good, but how do they manage to have a
       | trademark on the word "mushroom"?
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | Because mushrooms are traditionally food, and not packaging, so
         | the "trade" mark is relevant and claimable with respect to
         | packing materials.
         | 
         | They would have difficulty enforcing the trademark against
         | other uses of mushroom, and attempts to do so could result in
         | their trademark being voided on breadth grounds.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I have a similar thought. Just to be clear though, it's a Brand
         | and not a Trademark. I think brands do not have the restriction
         | of being original since it's just the name you want to be
         | identified by. But I could be missing something.
        
           | ijlx wrote:
           | (r) is the symbol for "registered trademark" though?
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | True. I guess a brand is just a subset of a trademark with
             | the only additional requirement that it be made of words
             | and not symbols.
             | 
             | And it seems that because the packaging is the mycelium and
             | not actually mushrooms, that they can use "Mushroom".
             | Interesting.
             | 
             | https://secureyourtrademark.com/can-you-trademark/common-
             | wor...
        
         | dymk wrote:
         | Likely the same way that Apple holds their name
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | But in that case the computers are not literally made of
           | apples.
        
             | iratewizard wrote:
             | Source?
        
       | hahamrfunnyguy wrote:
       | It's a neat idea but also an impractical, unrealistic one. This
       | sort of packaging can't be produced quickly like current green
       | alternatives like compressed fiber. A lot of space is needed to
       | let the packaging grow.
       | 
       | Just grow mushrooms for food and make packaging from other green
       | materials.
        
       | elldoubleyew wrote:
       | Unrelated to the article but why do modern browsers still allow
       | the native back button functionality to be prevented like this?
       | 
       | When I tried to go back from this page it presented me with
       | "articles to check before you go" which is infuriating.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't complain about tangential annoyances--things
         | like article or website formats, name collisions, or back-
         | button breakage. They're too common to be interesting._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | slig wrote:
         | They managed to make something more infuriating than the
         | "before you go" exit intention modal.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | SPAs. They allowed history manipulation to allow state updating
         | via URL without triggering a page reload.
         | 
         | Design a thing for a purpose, people will use that thing for a
         | different purpose. Those new purposes are not always benign.
        
       | rfreytag wrote:
       | For TOR users: https://archive.ph/9fEMt
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | You can try this at home, sort of. It will yield tasty mushrooms
       | but will be too heavy to use for shipping. You can grow mushrooms
       | on substrate in bags. After inoculation you can form the
       | substrate (mostly wet sawdust) into different shapes within the
       | bag.
       | 
       | Or you can buy them pre-made in blocks if you want to skip
       | inoculation, sterilization, etc
       | https://www.woodlandjewel.com/shop
        
         | belval wrote:
         | Pre-made are pretty cool, but I'd be wary of DIY-ing mushroom
         | cultures. There are several YouTube channels dedicated to this
         | and they explain all the contingency that they use to prevent
         | contamination and it's surprisingly non-trivial.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Yep, all of my amateur gourmet mushroom growing attempts have
           | resulted in contamination sooner or later. The good attempts
           | had several flushes before mold set in, the bad attempts
           | created such foul odors they went straight into the compost
           | (or garbage for the most offensive result)
           | 
           | Seems like creating an environment that certain funguses like
           | but others don't is pretty tricky, and mostly relies on
           | giving your chosen fungus a head start unless you can
           | maintain perfect sterility.
        
             | monetus wrote:
             | Flow hoods for the win! You probably know that, but it
             | should be said in case someone reading does not. If you
             | can't buy one, diy a decent one, then keep the air in your
             | workroom as stagnant as possible and cross your fingers.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The problem with flow hoods is that most people don't
               | want to, or can't, leave them on indefinitely. Once
               | theyre off, the air will carry contaminates to the clean
               | side. That's basically what I realized after a DIY using
               | setup that looks like an open front glovebox with a HEPA
               | filter blowing air through it.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | Yeah, I did a janky cardboard box and saran wrap glovebox
               | when I tried to do my own innoculation... was a PITA to
               | use, and contamination from that batch was worse than
               | when I just went into a room with still air and crossed
               | my fingers.
               | 
               | (didnt have HEPA filtered air blowing, that sounds like a
               | good idea)
        
               | wy35 wrote:
               | A big plastic tub with two arm holes cut out would be a
               | much better solution.
               | 
               | And I hope by "glovebox" you mean a still-air box,
               | because gloves attached to the box actually increase the
               | contamination rate due to the box sucking in air when you
               | move your hands.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | yep, still air box is the correct term I think. It was a
               | cardboard box with two armholes cut, and saran wrap
               | stretched over the top.
               | 
               | Put all my equipment inside, stuck my arms in to more or
               | less plug the holes, then sprayed a bunch of rubbing
               | alcohol all over the inside, then got to work. The
               | ergonomics were horrible, my back got tired, and I'm
               | pretty sure my arms didn't plug the holes very well and I
               | assume they effectively were pumping air through the
               | system by the end of it as I got sloppier.
               | 
               | Definitely will do something better on any future
               | attempts, haha
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "The good attempts had several flushes before mold set in,
             | "
             | 
             | Many of the commercial kits will grow mold after a few
             | flushes too. Many will only guarantee a first flush. One
             | trick I've heard of is leaving the block in an area with a
             | lot of freash air movement after each flush, even placing
             | them outside.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | Commercial shiitake kit got mold on second flush, so I
               | buried it in a raised bed. Nothing happened for a couple
               | weeks, so I stopped checking it regularly, but then found
               | a HUGE (unfortunately old) mushroom (and a few normal
               | sized ones) growing from that spot about a month later. I
               | think burying after first flush might be the best way to
               | go - soil manages moisture and gas exchange needs pretty
               | well already.
               | 
               | Excited to try growing stropharia wine caps soon! PNW is
               | great climate for having a bunch of wood chips on top of
               | garden beds anyways :D
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | True. If going the outdoor route, shiitake logs can be a
               | good option too. Depends on how much space one has and
               | the options for sourcing the logs.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | You can "clone" some mushrooms pretty easily. Oyster
           | mushrooms and shiitake tend to be ageessive enough to out
           | compete minor contamination (depends on where you live as to
           | what contams are around). Make multiple slides. Pick the
           | clean ones to move to grain spawn. One or two dishes in a
           | quart jar of grain spawn. Don't expand too quickly/far - look
           | for inoculation rates over 10% of the substrate mass when
           | moving to fruiting substrate.
           | 
           | That said, just a dead air box/bag/room with lysol aerosol
           | disinfectant (ethanol) for the trapped air and 70% isopropyl
           | alcohol for surfaces is fairly effective. I'd be careful with
           | fumes. I have a basic respirator like a 3M 5xxx or something.
           | 
           | I also tried a combination flowhood/glove box type thing. It
           | works well if you have a new filter or leave it on.
           | Otherwise, I think contamination just gets blown off of the
           | filter once you do turn it on again.
           | 
           | I didn't mean for it to even go this deep. You don't need to
           | actually culture the mushroom from scratch. You can buy
           | syringes with liquid culture. Then just squirt it through the
           | bag with sterilized grain spawn (pressure cooker can
           | sterilize). Then transfers to the fruiting substrate can be
           | done in a moderately cleaned room without any special devices
           | using the aerosol and wipe alcohol with inoculation 10-20%.
           | This is surprising effective, even for contamination prone
           | stuff like lions mane (which I can never seem to culture from
           | spores myself).
        
       | danans wrote:
       | Ecovative has a spinoff (https://myforestfoods.com/) that makes a
       | mushroom based "bacon" that I'd like to try. Last I heard they
       | were only selling it at a few stores in upstate New York. Anyone
       | tried it?
        
       | steveaux wrote:
       | I'm glad to see work being done on packaging alternatives,
       | especially biodegradable/compostable solutions. However I have
       | one issue with using mushrooms: these life forms are so
       | remarkable and so valuable for nutritional and medicinal purposes
       | that the time and energy spent cultivating them just for
       | packaging material is a terrific waste of resources in itself.
       | Search "medicinal mushrooms" or "fantastic fungi" to gain an
       | understanding of the extraordinary nutritive potency and
       | medicinal potential of mycelial crops. Perhaps a symbiosis
       | between mushroom growers and processers could be worked out,
       | whereby nutrients and medicines are first extracted and
       | concentrated, and the 'drosses' or fibrous remains are then
       | processed into packing and construction materials. In other
       | words, if you're taking the trouble to grow mushrooms, maximize
       | your resource and production capabilities. The same sort of thing
       | could be done with cannabis cultivars, could it not? I'm looking
       | toward a future of zero waste, of all materials and energy
       | generation.
        
       | 0x0000000 wrote:
       | I remember reading about Eben and Gavin (founders of Ecovative
       | which powers Mushroom Packaging) about 15 years ago in some
       | promotional material from their alma mater. If I recall
       | correctly, they did have a deal with Dell at one point for their
       | packaging. It's cool to see they're still working on this and
       | have raised quite a bit more money since then.
        
       | fluxify wrote:
       | I was part of a team experimenting with mushroom packaging about
       | 3 years ago. While we had quite good results material-wise, we
       | couldn't really make the total environmental equation work on
       | smaller scales. Growing the mycelium really fast and efficiently
       | requires quite a bit of energy input (heating, humidity controls,
       | airflow...) and you need to source quite a few ingredients for
       | the growth medium. I'd be curious what the total ecological
       | impact is if all of those inputs are factored in when doing it on
       | a large scale (like Ecovative).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | meatmanek wrote:
         | The Opulo / LumenPNP folks talked about this in their video on
         | packaging their pick-and-place machine[1]. They mention that it
         | takes a month to grow the packaging, so you'd need a mold for
         | each unit of product you plan to ship in a month.
         | 
         | 1. https://youtu.be/Ku4Wvu6LsrU?t=379
        
           | randyrand wrote:
           | Cool to see this company gaining more attention!
        
           | ghostly_s wrote:
           | This video has literally no content about mycelium packaging
           | aside from the one sentence you summarized.
        
         | wy35 wrote:
         | > and you need to source quite a few ingredients for the growth
         | medium
         | 
         | That's entirely dependent on the species.
         | 
         | Oysters can be grown entirely on non-supplemented sawdust.
         | Supplements can be just wheat bran or soy hulls, and maybe
         | gypsum or CaCO3. That's a short ingredient list and easily
         | sourced from your local Tractor Supply.
        
           | telotortium wrote:
           | You're leaving out
           | 
           | > Growing the mycelium really fast and efficiently requires
           | quite a bit of energy input (heating, humidity controls,
           | airflow...)
           | 
           | Given the impact of climate change, it's not really worth
           | saving a little bit of oil to make the plastic (which, since
           | it's not biodegradable, will probably not contribute to
           | increasing greenhouse gasses) if you have to burn more oil,
           | which _will_ produce CO2, to make the mushroom-based
           | packaging.
        
             | friedturkey wrote:
             | With a move away from fossil fuels, CO2 will become less of
             | a concern.
        
             | LordDragonfang wrote:
             | The fact that plastic isn't biodegradable is one of the
             | main reasons there's a push for alternate packaging
             | materials. Plastic overuse is a major ecological concern,
             | to the point that some people are positioning it as an
             | issue on par with global warming, and one we have time to
             | work on fixing.
             | 
             | In other words, avoiding plastic is the whole point here.
        
               | solomonb wrote:
               | Yet using mycelieum for packing materials requires lots
               | of disposable plastic to convert something already
               | suitable for a packing material (sawdust) into a
               | different material suitable for packing material with a
               | little green washing.
        
           | solomonb wrote:
           | You are leaving out:
           | 
           | - Disposable autoclavable bags
           | 
           | - Spawn (either grain or some form of sugar water)
           | 
           | - Disposable lab equipment (scalpels, petri dishes, parafilm,
           | syringes, etc). Some of this doesn't need to be disposable
           | but then you spend more energy cleaning and sterilizing it.
           | 
           | - All the energy that goes into sterilization,
           | humidification, etc.
        
         | somethoughts wrote:
         | An interesting application might be the grow media for
         | hydroponic farms. While visiting an aquaponics farm it seemed
         | the grow media was styrofoam based which didn't seem quite
         | right. An organic based solution that's also biodegradable
         | would seem much better/safer.
        
           | belval wrote:
           | It might depend on the exploitation, but most raft methods
           | (floating styrofoam board) I've seen will reuse the board so
           | it's really not as bad as it seems.
           | 
           | As for the safe part, the concentration of plastics in the
           | nutrient solution might be a tad higher, but the plant will
           | only pick up a small fraction or none of it so there aren't
           | any big health concerns on that front.
        
             | terr-dav wrote:
             | In the same way that food will only pick up a small
             | fraction of teflon from a nonstick pan, so there shouldn't
             | be any big health concerns?
        
               | belval wrote:
               | Not really no, more in the sense that plants growing in a
               | field with more lead (not lead contaminated, just above-
               | average) might pickup a bit more lead from the soil and
               | still be good for human consumption.
        
               | rudolph9 wrote:
               | Same way there's a small amount of cyanide in most apple
               | seeds
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | What I would love to see would be the combining of indoor
         | cannabis farming and mycelium growth.
         | 
         | Do you think this would be a workable symbiosis?
        
           | brianhorakh wrote:
           | Yes, i work on exactly this now, for years, many failures.
           | Co2 output from mushroom is the input to cannabis.
           | Temperature differential is a real problem.
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | I would like to know more, I have worked in Cannabis (built
             | out one of the few type 7 extraction labs in California...
             | my neighbor and friend is the DA for the DCC in California,
             | and I have close contact with some of the largest outdoor
             | growers in the state...
             | 
             | I'd be interested in hearing more and figuring out how to
             | work more on this topic.
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | What is the temperature differential problem?
             | 
             | (I think many mushrooms are pretty happy fruiting at ~70F
             | room temperature, as is cannabis. Is it that the grow
             | lights fight the humidity needs of the mushrooms? Or do the
             | species of mushrooms you're using have different
             | temperature needs? Or the cannabis grows faster as
             | temperature increases?
             | 
             | I've only worked with shiitake and oyster, and got poor
             | results with one lions mane attempt so... definitely not an
             | expert)
        
               | elasticventures wrote:
               | cannabis can grow _very_ fast in the right conditions.
               | mushrooms can grow _very_ fast in the right conditions.
               | 
               | so ... I suppose if you live in a place .. like Merica
               | 70F/21c (or are you Liberian?) .. anyway, that 70F is
               | 'golden temperature band' conducive to growing most
               | anything. YES both species could co-exist without a lot
               | of complication, neither will thrive, but neither will
               | probably die. 70F - I think that's like Vista, CA. has
               | the ideal 'most stable' temperature in the US. .. but
               | real-estate is super expensive, so to have that you must
               | live in a nice place, with good weather and blabla, "it's
               | not farm-land", .. also if you need something you
               | probably just order it from Amazon and it shows up a day
               | later.
               | 
               | RE: Cannabis 'optimal yield' .. i.e. we both get the
               | 'same' genetics, from the same bank, which of us could
               | grow a better plant? The environmental conditions + light
               | + soil motility (or hydro) all contribute to phenotype
               | expression, not just life cycle, .. over the life, the
               | air-flow rate for transpiration, light fluence, all those
               | must be in balance -- MOST cannabis per it's name 'weed'
               | is quite hardy, but you'll get different phenotype
               | expression, if you have poor ventilation, o2 build-up
               | (low co2), that can shock/stress the plant, it won't be
               | as dense (i.e. if you are sea level vs. growing on a
               | mountain) .. if you start changing it's environment
               | you'll see the plant changes _a lot_ , also using
               | hormones, other approaches there are a lot of ways to
               | boost yield (also, NEVER for example put Flower/Rose grow
               | accelerate on your cannabis, it becomes cancer causing
               | toxic when smoked! and this is why 'dark market' cannabis
               | is so dangerous). Some cannabis growers buy industrial
               | Co2 tanks and pipe that into their greenhouses,
               | especially in places where they are limited to how many
               | plants they can legally grow in a space, -- so it's known
               | to use co2 helps to turn over bigger crops faster _(the
               | co2 comes from petroleum, and it makes me sick to think
               | they 're just dumping it into the atmosphere). I've seen
               | growers using co2 do as many as ~6 full cycles per year
               | (sort of like raising chickens indoors using lights).. so
               | I wanted an organic source of Co2 from either brewing
               | yeast and/or mushrooms! (NOTE: this is NOT cost
               | competitive, petroleum based co2 is basically free)
               | 
               | Because .. MOST growers, most farmers in general are
               | pretty lazy, and "don't mess with it" since plants have
               | evolved over hundreds of millions of years to exist on
               | earth in the present climate. _Most* 'farmers' aren't
               | scientists, they are inclined to let nature be nature and
               | give up control of existential co-factors, beyond water,
               | fertilizer, greenhouse structure. This is really easy,
               | probably 'best' if you live in ideal climate zone, nature
               | takes care of most of this for you -- I grew up in San
               | Diego, CA. aside from water, the SoCal weather is
               | extremely conducive to growing .. always 70F. US Farmers
               | are often religious, and in this case, the religion is
               | necessary because all they can do is pray for good
               | weather, and (so I've been told) that seems to be working
               | so far!
               | 
               | Alas, I do not live in Merica anymore, .. I'm an Expat! I
               | (intentionally) live someplace else, and having left the
               | US my prayers are no longer answered. I left the US
               | because I don't want to live in an anocracy (failed
               | democracy), and at this point, perhaps in my lifetime the
               | US will collapse into civil war, and the subsequent
               | religious state that would emerge, it's not someplace I
               | want to live. I mostly blame Regan, but I do miss the
               | weather in San Diego. Alas, I digress. My point is:
               | praying for crops only seems to work in America, mostly
               | where there is already good weather & therefore better
               | churches.
               | 
               | Now, something most American's don't realize is that MOST
               | of the people on the planet Earth, they live in a place
               | where the weather is already unpleasant (I assume,
               | because god hates non-Americas), and also mostly
               | attributed to America, the non-American weather is only
               | going to get worse (more extreme). Our ecosystem of
               | plants & fungi - stuff that used to grow -- the truth is
               | it already doesn't grow as well as it did for our grand-
               | parents, and in the future, well who knows, .. indoor
               | growing 'sheltered farming', controlling temperature,
               | when it's all ~70F US (i.e. Los Angeles), farming there
               | isn't hard, maybe the soil is bad,whaha, add some lime to
               | break up your clay, then keep dumping yer high nitrogen
               | fertilizer till it gets into your lakes & rivers .. or at
               | least until we hit peak phosphorous and you can't
               | buy/afford fertilizer .. that's maybe ~10-20 years but
               | alas, I digress. American's don't realize how much easier
               | agriculture is IN AMERICA (it's really got excellent
               | climate, overall for it's size) .. again, this is
               | attributed mostly to prayer & good weather from all the
               | farmers praying.
               | 
               | But for me -- I presently live in a place that is known
               | for it's extreme temperature & humidity, not uncommon to
               | have a 10(c) flux in an hour, etc. We aren't religious
               | here, or at least not extremely religious like America,
               | and everybody gets to vote (or they pay a fine), and all
               | the votes get counted, and everybody is really respectful
               | to each-other despite being secular.
               | 
               | HOWEVER neither species we've discussed is presently
               | legal where I am .. so as an foreigner, the punishments
               | for being caught would be extremely unpleasant, bordering
               | on "life destroying" (and ultimately I would be sent BACK
               | to America). So _everything_ must be stealth, covert,
               | blabla, and it 's even illegal to touch electrical wire
               | unless I'm a licensed electrician out of over-zealous
               | concern for fire. .. hint: as an immigrant, I'm not
               | licensed to do anything. FML.
               | 
               | With agriculture being a biological process, it's
               | innately a markov chain, each action, any discrete
               | failure, impacts the rest of the chain, the organism gets
               | stressed, it doesn't grow as well, maybe it fruits early,
               | or not at all.
               | 
               | The /optimal/ growing conditions for cannabis & fungi are
               | known to be different. Once the HVAC systems are
               | interconnected between two systems, the number of
               | variables which can grow horribly wrong, and where
               | balancing one impacts the other. Add more factors, such
               | as experimenting with different cultivation cycles &
               | processes, etc. the combined system(s) doesn't lend
               | itself to micro-scale 'experimentation', ..
               | interconnecting the two systems in a way they can co-
               | exist, in theory, simple, in practice, not as simple. In
               | practice you need a lot of sensors, automation, climate
               | buffer zones, and/or patience & dealing with
               | disappointment.
               | 
               | fwiw - I am _trying_ to figure out how to micro-scale  &
               | automate the control systems. So if anybody says "yeah,
               | this is easy" please show me how. I am designing a system
               | I would like to take to Mars colony (not interested in
               | the moon) and I basically don't see how NASA or SpaceX
               | can build a sustainable mars colony without using
               | fungi/Eukaryotes.
               | 
               | Finally -- for those who made it to the bottom of this
               | post. Fwiw mushrooms, i.e. oyster, reshi, can supposedly
               | grow EXTREMELY FAST, like ~20x faster than 'normal' using
               | high voltage stimulus, or potentially similar effects
               | using cold-plasma) .. papers & studies, also look up
               | 'fairy rings' where mushrooms grow in a circle after a
               | lightning strike -- (this has been 'anecdotally' known
               | for thousands of years).
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | Uhm I am replying to this post, but give me some time. I
               | hope to make it worth your wait.
        
               | elasticventures wrote:
               | no worries, was having fun with the response.
        
               | xhevahir wrote:
               | >when it's all ~70F US (i.e. Los Angeles), farming there
               | isn't hard, maybe the soil is bad,whaha...
               | 
               | You don't mention the huge, state-managed infrastructure
               | needed to bring water to those places(which seem to be
               | close to exhausting their supply.) I don't think it's
               | climate that's made American agriculture so productive.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | I just want to add, if people are upgrading to LEDs they
               | will have a drop in yield unless they raise room
               | temperatures to 80F or more so there is still a
               | temperature differential, although to me it seems
               | relatively minor especially using heat exchangers. The
               | high efficiency of LED grow lights means leaf
               | temperatures are much lower so room temperature must go
               | up to compensate.
        
               | cwkoss wrote:
               | I wonder if the root zone needs the warmth too, or if its
               | just the aerial parts of the plant that needs the warmth
               | for optimal growth.
               | 
               | Maybe plastic with holes for each stem could be used to
               | insulate the aerial airspace from the root airspace and
               | then a small heatpump could make that 10F differential
               | with relatively low power cost.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | Super interesting.
               | 
               | I wonder what the baseline is btwn the two ;
               | 
               | How dependent on heat is the "fruitful" nature of the
               | plant vs the subsitance livability of the plant?
               | 
               | i.e.
               | 
               | Min temp for survival vs min temp to fruit and the
               | balance between... What is the coldest one can keep a
               | plant while maintaining max fruiting output?
        
             | monetus wrote:
             | Find any mycelium that help the root systems?
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | AFAIK all mycelium helps root systems, from the symbiotic
               | relation, but in indoor, hydro type grows it might be
               | harder.
               | 
               | What would be interesting is the combination of vertical
               | mushroom grows and vertical hydro culture.
               | 
               | Imagine a tube/tower of mycelium, but also allowing the
               | cannabis to grw out of the tube/tower... and having the
               | root systems intertwined, but the problem therein is that
               | the diff in the mycelium being perennial as opposed to
               | the cannabis being annual...
        
               | monetus wrote:
               | I've experimented with vertical farming greens and
               | mushrooms together; figuring out the schedule for the
               | different colors of light can be a bit of a pain, but I
               | used LEDs. - I stacked tote bins that I had drimmeled to
               | interlock with eachother like a greenhouse. I don't think
               | hydro would be possible without a super specialized
               | fungus. If you ward off infections, regular hardwood
               | based edible mushrooms work in dirt with vegetables. The
               | mycelium doesn't seem to particularly help though. Greens
               | and most edible mushrooms come from different substrates.
               | I've yet to really look, but I suspect most desirable
               | mushrooms won't be the best mutualists. There will
               | probably be some that are more than a little valuable in
               | balancing a polyculture though. I really want to find
               | those pairs and groups, like we've discovered in say oaks
               | or orchids, where they seemed to have evolved together.
               | 
               | Aside: Mushrooms are perennial but the mycelium doesn't
               | always die away. And some are selfish in not so
               | mutualistic ways too.
        
               | solomonb wrote:
               | Nitpick, but there are certainly parasitic fungi which do
               | not have a symbiotic relationship with plants. Also only
               | some fungi have a mycorrhizal relationship with plants.
               | Most are saprophytic meaning they decompose dead organic
               | material.
               | 
               | This is of course extremely beneficial and required for a
               | closed ecosystem, but the symbiotic relationship isn't as
               | direct as mycorrhizal fungi and is really part of a much
               | more complex network of soil organisms that all need to
               | be at play. Simply introducing a saprophytic fungi to
               | your soil will probably not result in any benefits to
               | your indoor cannabis garden.
        
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