[HN Gopher] Flight characteristics of anomalous unidentified aer...
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       Flight characteristics of anomalous unidentified aerial vehicles
       (2019)
        
       Author : sebg
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2022-03-07 18:39 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | oblib wrote:
       | I won't venture to guess what these are but I did find it quite
       | interesting that the old and more recent descriptions of
       | sightings are very similar, and that we still do not know what
       | they are or where they come from.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Makes me wonder what the psychology and politics of anti-
       | extraterrestrial beliefs and rules are. It's very plausible other
       | beings exist, but what necessary axioms disintegrate if a society
       | comes to believe in aliens, and why is it important to isolate
       | and shame people who suspect it?
       | 
       | I can see how our dominant moral systems are rooted in the idea
       | of human primacy and a single One supreme being. Recognition that
       | we can appeal to super beings to intervene on our behalf could
       | arrest our evolutionary intellectual development by causing our
       | civilizations to optimize for pleasing said beings, instead of
       | organizing ourselves to elevate human minds that enable a more
       | natural and free evolution for our species. There may be some
       | evolutionary rule about life where a species only evolves along
       | degrees of freedom and our development becomes arrested when we
       | optimize for the constraint of appealing to the discretion of
       | super beings, sort of like domesticated animals vs. wild ones.
       | 
       | To adapt to co-existing with a technologically advanced species,
       | you would need a conceptual or moral degree of freedom and agency
       | beyond them, which made peaceful and free co-existence possible,
       | and provided some basis for principled equality of life. (an
       | agreement on a One god whose will has been revealed them as well
       | would go a long way, and as an idea, could secure our ability to
       | evolve independently of our advanced co-habitants. This may be
       | the rational evolutionary case for monotheism, as a necessary
       | condition for moral agency across significant differences.) The
       | most obvious consequence of introducing a new super being species
       | would be how we would organize ourselves and relate to each other
       | around them, and not just find increasingly subtle ways to murder
       | each other to secure their favoured status.
       | 
       | If humans forfeited our moral agency by optimizing for becoming
       | subjects of these super beings, we would be putting
       | responsibility on the super beings to govern us, and arrest our
       | own evolutionary development.
       | 
       | Maybe the anti-extraterrestrial people have a deeper
       | understanding of this. Or they just recognize, maybe the arrival
       | of such a species would irreconcilably polarize us all between
       | those who could sustain their own moral agency in the face of a
       | superior power, and those who give it up to optimize for material
       | animal ingroup security, and the ensuing war would wipe us all
       | out - or the aliens would do it for us. Maybe it will take
       | another couple hundred years for them to really arrive as we're
       | not quite fully baked from an evolutionary perspective, and we
       | need to be on average more intelligent than we rather obviously
       | are now.
       | 
       | I'm sure they laugh at our nuclear energy use and social media as
       | being the civilizational equivalent to trepanation though. I
       | wonder what their jokes are like.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | I don't know that such a thing as "anti extraterrestrial"
         | belief exists.
         | 
         | Here's two beliefs/points of view that are compatible:
         | 
         | 1. There's a very high chance there's life out there in the
         | universe. There may even be intelligent life, too.
         | 
         | 2. It's unlikely extraterrestrial intelligent life will be able
         | to reach Earth. Most reports of UFOs are either made up
         | bullshit or the human brain finding patterns where there are
         | none. Or simply classified military tech. Or people craving
         | attention.
         | 
         | Not one person that laughs at fake accounts of alien abduction
         | and probing does this because they are afraid of coexisting
         | with alien intelligence. Instead, they do it because fake
         | accounts of alien abduction are hilarious.
        
         | Ancapistani wrote:
         | > why is it important to isolate and shame people who suspect
         | it
         | 
         | I'd argue that humans are tribal creatures, and that we don't
         | need a reason to "other" people. On the contrary - our need to
         | "other" people drives the creation of reasons to do so if
         | necessary.
        
         | JALTU wrote:
         | This article (linked) is a fun thought exploration of alien
         | psychology/motivations as understood by us humans, given the
         | history of our interactions ("known interactions" so to speak)
         | with the aliens: https://www.overcomingbias.com/2021/03/social-
         | ufo-stylized-f...
        
       | smoyer wrote:
       | Reaching relativistic speeds in minutes to hours and covering
       | interstellar distances in days to weeks as proposed in the
       | abstract seem to not be compatible - wouldn't a relativistic
       | speed mean we'd need 4ish years to reach another star?
        
         | netgusto wrote:
         | The durations are expressed in 'ship time', ie the perceived
         | duration from the pov of the ship. This is explicited further
         | in the document.
        
           | kmote00 wrote:
           | Off topic comment: I'm pretty sure "explicited" is not a real
           | word, but you've convinced me that it ought to be. Perfectly
           | clear what you meant. Can somebody add this to the
           | dictionary, please?
        
             | jointpdf wrote:
             | They probably meant:
             | 
             | explicate -- to give a detailed explanation of
             | 
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/explicate
             | 
             | It seems like a relatively newer word in its usage: https:/
             | /books.google.com/ngrams/graph?year_start=1800&year_e...
        
         | shkkmo wrote:
         | From the body of the paper:
         | 
         | > Such a craft accelerating at a constant 1000g for half of the
         | trip and decelerating at the same rate for the remaining half
         | would reach Proxima Centuri within 5 days' ship time due to the
         | fact that it would have been traveling at relativistic speeds
         | for most of the trip (Figure 7B). However, for those of us on
         | Earth, or anyone on Proxima Centuri b, the trip would take over
         | four years.
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | That depends whose clock you're using.
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | From the study:
       | 
       | >Collectively, these observations strongly suggest that these
       | UAVs should be carefully studied by scientists [9,10,11,12,13].
       | 
       | >Unfortunately, the attitude that the study of UAVs (UFOs) is
       | "unscientific" pervades the scientific community, including SETI
       | (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) [34], which is
       | surprising, especially since efforts are underway to search for
       | extraterrestrial artifacts in the solar system [35,36,37,38,39],
       | particularly, on the Moon, Mars, asteroids [40], and at Earth-
       | associated Lagrange points. Ironically, such attitudes inhibit
       | scientific study, perpetuating a state of ignorance about these
       | phenomena that has persisted for well over 70 years, which is now
       | especially detrimental, since answers are presently needed
       | [41,42,43,44,45,46].
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | Right out of the gate, the paper is begging the question by
       | stating that these are 'vehicles.'
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | Here's my most recent thought. Pilots spent years up there and
       | the only thing they see are other planes. If they see something
       | it must be a plane, from the size they can estimate the distance.
       | 
       | But when they suddenly see smaller drone, their pilot-brain
       | thinks it's a plane, but because it is much smaller than a plane,
       | they think it must be far away. And when it flys same speed as
       | plane, in "projected" large distance those speeds are enormous.
       | And their agility is amplified in the same way.
       | 
       | The result is that pilots see "planes" doing impossible
       | manoeuvres at impossible speeds.
        
         | 1shooner wrote:
         | The study addresses this: the cases selected for analysis
         | include multi-modal observation (e.g. visual + radar).
        
         | zardo wrote:
         | Even with the video evidence from the Nimitz incident, all the
         | calculations rest on the pilot's estimate of the vehicle size.
        
         | tejohnso wrote:
         | > But when they suddenly see smaller drone, their pilot-brain
         | thinks it's a plane, but because it is much smaller than a
         | plane, they think it must be far away.
         | 
         | I think this neglects the training and capability of the pilot
         | to the point of being insulting. You're basically saying that a
         | (let's say) 15 year veteran of the U.S. Air Force can't tell
         | the difference between a small drone and a plane, doesn't
         | understand basic physics / optics, and when uncertain, assumes
         | that anything observed _must_ be a plane because  "all we see
         | are planes". Preposterous.
         | 
         | Also, even if that were the case, it's pretty hard to explain
         | away when the same object is being observed from multiple
         | angles, with multiple humans, and multiple high precision
         | sensors, with all observations confirming the same conclusions.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | When stabilized against the ocean some of the things the
           | pilots said were pulling impossible G levels of acceleration
           | were actually flying in a straight line:
           | 
           | https://www.metabunk.org/data/MetaMirrorCache/49d95870dca331.
           | ..
           | 
           | Some of the other high g-force examples turned out to be an
           | FOV change of the camera footage when toggling IR.
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | 1. (US) military pilots are trained to recognize the
         | shortcomings of their sensory perceptions in this exact regard.
         | 
         | 2. This doesn't explain the many, separate close-up encounters,
         | such at the Nimitz and east coast/Atlantic Ocean encounters.
         | 
         | PS: FWIW, I don't think these things are extra-terrestrial.
        
           | zardo wrote:
           | 1. They are trained to estimate the sizes of featureless
           | flying tic-tacs?
        
             | runjake wrote:
             | They are trained in identifying aircraft and grok flight
             | characteristics, and for the lack of better phrasing
             | because I'm eating a taco at lunch, how one's senses can be
             | wrong or skewed.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | But some of those pilots made critical mistakes
               | describing the tic tac, things like FOV changes on the
               | camera were interpreted by them publicly as velocity
               | changes of the object.
        
         | count wrote:
         | The radar and FLIR aren't as easy to 'trick' though.
        
           | runjake wrote:
           | They could be, with RF and laser equipment running
           | reasonably-advanced software to spoof such sensors _.
           | 
           | _ There are a lot of gotchas to work out here, but it 's my
           | best guess, aside from "craft that defy physics."
           | 
           | Source: worked on such military equipment, back in the early
           | 90s.
        
             | marcusverus wrote:
             | > They could be, with RF and laser equipment running
             | reasonably-advanced software to spoof such sensors.
             | 
             | How would such RF and laser equipment spoof sensors that
             | are thousands of feet in the air and moving at hundreds of
             | miles per hour and moving in unpredictable ways? Radar is
             | off the table--that would presumably have been detected,
             | right? How would our spoofer spoof multiple sensors,
             | separated by significant distance? Remember that some of
             | these events involved multiple aircraft and ships, all of
             | which saw the same data on their sensors. How could the
             | spoofer engage all of these targets without its physical
             | presence being detected by the various players, with all
             | their various systems constantly searching?
             | 
             | Spoofing seems possible, but it seems like some kind of
             | pre-planned hack would be the least offensive flavor of
             | that particular theory. But even then, some of the pilots
             | swear they saw these things with their own eyes (sometimes
             | multiple people in a single aircraft, sometimes multiple
             | people in different aircraft), which casts doubt on the
             | whole 'spoofing' idea.
             | 
             | Of course, the most likely answer is that these reports are
             | some simply untrue. If someone has an impossible story that
             | you can't independently verify, there's no good reason to
             | believe them.
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | The analysis in this article is just plain bad; it came up in
           | another UFO discussion about nine months ago. e.g. see here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27355333
           | 
           | The article is published in a journal the subject matter of
           | which has nothing to do with UFOs, or flight dynamics or
           | anything similar. It does so happen that the principal author
           | of the paper is the editor-in-chief of that journal however;
           | and the publisher of the journal has been on-again-off-again
           | the lists of predatory publishers for some years.
        
         | danbruc wrote:
         | At least those videos [1] are just birds, see for example this
         | analysis [2]. Skip to the meat of it, if you dislike the style
         | of the video.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkPn-YMp9vI
         | 
         | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfhAC2YiYHs
        
           | bufferoverflow wrote:
           | What kind of a freaking bird travels at fighter jet speeds
           | and rotates like that?
           | 
           | I'm a photographer who loves watching birds, taking photos, I
           | watch other bird photographers. It's never anything like
           | that.
        
             | danbruc wrote:
             | It isn't. The bird is between the sea and the jet and for
             | all practically purposes stationary. When the camera pod on
             | the jet tracks the bird and keeps it in the center of the
             | field of view, what you are seeing is a parallax motion of
             | the sea in the background due to the motion of the jet.
             | This refers to the second clip in the linked video which
             | also also the focus of the linked analysis.
        
               | bufferoverflow wrote:
               | You need to listen to the interview with the pilots who
               | filmed this. They were chasing it, and couldn't catch up.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | Which is what you'd see of a bit of gum stuck to the
               | sensor lens.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that's what this is, I'm pointing out that
               | what the pilots perceive is not to be taken at face
               | value.
        
       | billsmithwicks wrote:
       | Quick, someone find a carpet to sweep this under!
       | 
       | In all seriousness, I hope that the Galileo Project comes up with
       | the goods in the next few years -
       | https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/galileo/home
        
       | Ancapistani wrote:
       | Can anyone clue me in as to why this is on the NIH's website?
        
         | sliken wrote:
         | From another comment "The article is published in a journal the
         | subject matter of which has nothing to do with UFOs, or flight
         | dynamics or anything similar. It does so happen that the
         | principal author of the paper is the editor-in-chief of that
         | journal"
        
         | nl wrote:
         | It's published in a journal that PubMed[1] indexes. The journal
         | itself is about "research on all aspects of entropy and
         | information theory" [2] which is why the paper is about
         | _estimation_.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(journal)
        
           | Ancapistani wrote:
           | Ah, thanks. That makes sense.
           | 
           | Now I have to go back and re-read that paper with an eye
           | toward the statistical techniques used.
        
       | jaqalopes wrote:
       | It was news to me that in the Nimitz event ballistic missile
       | defense radar was actually observing the UAVs _in low Earth
       | orbit_ days before the fighter jet encounter. Truly wild stuff.
       | If I had to hazard a guess, these are unmanned (unaliened?)
       | probes, the same ones that have been here for centuries or more.
       | They may not even know or care what humans are or what we 're up
       | to. Maybe they keep dipping to the water to take algae samples or
       | something similarly banal. And the reason they "run away" when
       | the fighter jets get too close is just their onboard flight AI
       | following a generic self-preservation script. However, none of
       | this comports with the report of the fleeing tic-tac "appearing"
       | directly at the fighters' pre-determined, _secret_ CAP point.
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | I had not caught that bit before, either:
         | 
         | > The main incident occurred on 14 November 2004, but several
         | days earlier, radar operators on the USS Princeton were
         | detecting UAPs appearing on radar at about 80,000+ feet
         | altitude to the north of CSG11 in the vicinity of Santa
         | Catalina and San Clemente Islands. Senior Chief Kevin Day
         | informed us that the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) radar
         | systems had detected the UAPs in low Earth orbit before they
         | dropped down to 80,000 feet. The objects would arrive in groups
         | of 10 to 20 and subsequently drop down to 28,000 feet with a
         | several hundred foot variation, and track south at a speed of
         | about 100 knots.
        
       | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
       | Artifacts on sensors, or even active jamming could explain
       | massive changes in speed for recorded videos
        
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