[HN Gopher] Polar Express - How Airlines are plotting a new-rout...
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       Polar Express - How Airlines are plotting a new-route to Asia
        
       Author : News-Dog
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2022-03-20 13:26 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (edition.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (edition.cnn.com)
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | I would just cancel the flight. Helsinki Tokyo seems like a very
       | unpopular route
        
       | chinathrow wrote:
       | Flying Finnair, you even get a North Pole Flyover Certificate :)
       | 
       | https://www.finnair.com/en/bluewings/world-of-finnair/flying...
        
         | heikkilevanto wrote:
         | Reminds me of a trick question from the time Finnair started to
         | fly over the pole: Once there was so much demand, that they had
         | to fly with two planes. They flew side by side, directly over
         | the pole. So one of them crossed the international date line
         | and the other did not. How come they landed on the same date?
        
           | scatters wrote:
           | The IDL isn't the only line of longitude where the date
           | changes; there is another, the line of midnight. Either one
           | plane crossed each, putting both on the next day, or one
           | crossed both, with opposite sense.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | dmichulke wrote:
           | If you fly over the pole you basically cover 180 degrees of
           | longitude, and it matters little whether you take the 180
           | that cross the date line or the 180 degrees that don't.
           | 
           | Crossing the date line is just an artifact of the singularity
           | at the pole.
        
       | Merad wrote:
       | The article contradicts its own title. This isn't a new route,
       | the same polar route was used 35 years ago up until the cold war
       | ended and they were allowed to overfly Russian airspace.
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | They weren't flying ETOPS-300 35 years ago.
         | 
         | > The new Arctic route, however, flies over very remote areas,
         | where airports are few and far between. As a result, the
         | airline had to apply for an extension of that protocol to 300
         | minutes, meaning the Airbus A350-900s it uses to fly to Japan
         | can now stray as far as five hours away from the nearest
         | airport, while still meeting all international regulations and
         | safety protocols.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | The details are different enough that it's arguable. Before
         | there was a stop in Anchorage, and they presumably didn't fly
         | two-engine aircraft on this route before.
        
         | yborg wrote:
         | The route originally was flown by 3 or 4 engine aircraft so a
         | single engine failure still left you with at least 2. They are
         | now flying it with an A350 twin-engine. Worst case you are 5
         | hours from a landing site with one engine.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Which is _at least_ as safe and probably much safer.
        
         | humanistbot wrote:
         | To me, "plotting a new route" means they are changing how they
         | get from A to B.
         | 
         | I am a passenger in a car with a friend, carpooling to work. I
         | say, "it looks like there is a wreck on the highway in a few
         | miles, want me to find a new route to work?" That makes perfect
         | sense. It doesn't matter if my friend and I have taken this
         | alternate route before. It means we are changing our plan.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Is that going to stomp on the accelerator for climate change to
       | have increased jet traffic burning fuel near/over the pole?
       | 
       | This war might be going on for the rest of the decade, has there
       | ever been that much traffic over the pole that we know for sure
       | what will/won't happen?
        
         | late2part wrote:
         | We do not know for sure what will/won't happen.
        
         | vaylian wrote:
         | This is a good point, because the arctic is more severely
         | affected by greenhouse gases than other regions:
         | https://council.science/current/blog/climate-explained-why-i...
         | 
         | Having an increased local greenhouse emission in that area
         | could accelerate the loss of ice.
        
         | nuccy wrote:
         | Since some European counties now considers recovery of nuclear
         | power [1], the overall emissions will likely actually decrease,
         | even despite this increase due to longer flightroutes. Fuel
         | prices also rise, which yield less driving.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-delays-nuclear-
         | phase...
        
           | emteycz wrote:
           | These planes however might have enough measurable influence
           | on the local microclimate that may increase the rate of
           | methane leaks. I haven't checked the numbers though.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | Aviation emissions are around 2% of total emissions (but have a
         | stronger effect on a per-ton basis, so might be 5% of total
         | effect). These routes are a tiny, tiny slice of the aviation
         | sector.
        
           | vaylian wrote:
           | But anyone taking such a plane trip will exceed their own
           | carbon budget for that year. We really need to rethink
           | aviation and we really need to reconsider how much of it is
           | actually needed. I would not be surprised if 99% of all
           | flights could be eliminated if we accepted living in a slower
           | world.
        
             | rblatz wrote:
             | I'm unaware of a specific carbon budget that I am supposed
             | to be following.
        
             | mantas wrote:
             | My bet is on flying becoming much more expensive. Which
             | will fix the carbon budget issue.
        
       | Svip wrote:
       | SAS was the first airline to introduce a polar route in 1957 to
       | avoid Soviet airspace, making a stop in Alaska on its way to
       | Japan.[1]
       | 
       | [1] https://airwaysmag.com/today-in-aviation/worlds-first-com-
       | tr...
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | That article seems to be saying that they introduced the route
         | to save time vs a longer, unspecified route - unless I missed
         | it, I didn't see anything about soviet airspace.
         | 
         | Flying from CPH to HND via Alaska adds almost 2300 miles vs
         | flying direct over Russia:
         | 
         | http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=cph-hnd;+cph-anc-hnd
        
           | Svip wrote:
           | The Soviet blockage was a motivation for exploring the polar
           | route rather than a direct route through Russia and China,
           | since both of those airspaces were closed.[1] While it turned
           | out to be even shorter, it wasn't a route without
           | difficulties, as emergency landings would prove very
           | difficult compared to over south Asia.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.primidi.com/scandinavian_airlines/history/tra
           | ns_...
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | Thanks for the link. Also, I was just playing with routes,
             | and it looks like a route (that I roughly constructed)
             | under russia is still 100s of miles shorter than through
             | Alaska (for the hypothetical CPH-HND route). I don't know
             | if there are other issues with flying over any of those
             | countries. And maybe with Alaska as a hub, it could end up
             | being more efficient to fly there and then switch and
             | onward to eastern Asia, although I thought that newer
             | planes were favoring direct routes rather than huge planes
             | between hubs, e.g. the A350 vs A380.
             | 
             | Not to mention, historically people who don't have to often
             | avoid connecting in the US because I think there is / was
             | an extra visa burden, even if it's just for transit. I
             | think many people might avoid a route that makes them enter
             | the US, though mayb things have changed and it's less of
             | hassle.
             | 
             | http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=cph-ist-gyd-ala-pek-hnd;+cph-
             | an...
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Early planes like the 707 could not make it all the way
               | to Asia in one go, so the stop in ANC was necessary. It's
               | the largest airport for hundreds of miles in any
               | direction.
               | 
               | That route also goes through the PRC which was closed for
               | a few decades to outside airplanes as well. And some of
               | the other countries on the map were part of the USSR as
               | well.
        
               | logbiscuitswave wrote:
               | The article mentioned flying under Russia would be a
               | longer distance but could be faster with favorable wind
               | conditions. I'm guessing they are leaning toward more
               | predictable conditions with their chosen route.
        
         | acwan93 wrote:
         | Does this mean Anchorage's airport is going to get increased
         | traffic again? I'd imagine planes today have the range to not
         | need a stopover compared to the Cold War era.
        
           | guipsp wrote:
           | While it isn't needed, I do imagine for western europe is
           | might be worth it to stop over _somewhere_ , in order to be
           | more cost-efficient
        
             | ozim wrote:
             | To be cost efficient I bet it would be "not stopping".
        
       | filereaper wrote:
       | I wonder how many direct routes just aren't possible anymore as
       | they can't fly over Russian airspace and can't fit within ETOPS
       | safety margins.
       | 
       | We had our direct flight from EWR-BOM cancelled due to the
       | current issues.
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | Of course, ewr to bom. Everyone knows those codes.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | It's been interesting to check the situation occasionally on
         | sites like flightaware. Definitely a lot of traffic rerouting
         | through Turkish airspace.
        
         | leoedin wrote:
         | Newark to Mumbai, for those that don't memorise airport codes.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | A flight I took last week, TLV->SFO went within 20 miles of
       | Ukraine -- it usually flew right over it. Today I'm on the flight
       | back, and I've heard that they will be rerouting even further,
       | and add about 25 minutes to the flight plan.
       | 
       | (Here's the old route: https://onemileatatime.com/el-al-sfo-tel-
       | aviv-flight/)
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | Still too close. About a week ago a stray huge supersonic drone
         | flew out of Ukraine over Romania and crashed in Slovakia if I'm
         | not mistaken.
        
           | t0mas88 wrote:
           | Your "huge supersonic drone" is in reality a subsonic one,
           | that's smaller than an F16 and flies no higher than 19,700ft
           | while a typical airliner cruises at 35,000 to 41,000ft
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | It is huge by drones standards. It shows that it is easy to
             | miss a missile or a plane in the air there. Russia attacked
             | targets 20 km from Poland border. It is just a bit more
             | than a minute of flying of a transonic plane and even less
             | for a high-speed missile. 60-80 km is inside a normal
             | combat range for S-300 air-defense system. The point is
             | that 45 miles from the border you can still easily happen
             | to step into a combat zone and get into a path of a plane
             | running and maneuvering away from a missile or a missile
             | chasing or even lost/reacquired target. The next link
             | illustrates dangers of flying even 300 kilometers away from
             | firing air-defense systems even during the peace time
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia_Airlines_Flight_1812
        
           | tomaskafka wrote:
           | Zagreb, Croatia: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
           | europe-60709952.amp
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Too close for comfort, you really don't want to be on the next
         | MH-17, and I _really_ would not put it past Russia to pull
         | stunts like that again. The safe range from any airspace that
         | has Russian controlled hardware in it is roughly the range of
         | their AA missiles.
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | Should we be concerned about ETOPS (colloquially "Engines Turn Or
       | Passengers Swim") being extended to 300 minutes? That's up to 5
       | hours of hand-flying a jet with a failed engine.
        
         | turrican wrote:
         | In most or all modern airliners, the autopilot can be re-
         | engaged after an engine failure.
         | 
         | Certainly still stressful, but they don't need to hand-fly it.
        
         | Idiot211 wrote:
         | You wouldn't need to hand-fly in most instances, Autopilot will
         | remain on and is more than capable of dealing with single
         | engine operations on dual engine aircaft.
         | 
         | Of course it's always an issue if an engine does fail, but
         | ETOPS as a certification is there to ensure that airplanes and
         | pilots are not put under unreasonable amounts of stress or
         | issue if and when an engine fails over-water.
        
       | mikeodds wrote:
       | Fun fact you will also get a higher dose of radiation taking
       | North Pole routes
        
         | mullingitover wrote:
         | How many bananas would the dose be equivalent to?
        
           | _jal wrote:
           | Approximately one half of a giraffe.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | So... half a banana?
             | https://www.flickr.com/photos/142588576@N03/37705075472
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | Can't believe this just occurred to me now, but do passengers
         | on the polar route ever get good views of the Northern Lights?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Hallucinaut wrote:
           | I've seen them on a flight before quite some distance from
           | the north pole. I am not 100% certain on the flight but I
           | think it was a Norwegian Air Dreamliner flight from London to
           | New York, which still goes reasonably far north.
        
             | jfk13 wrote:
             | We had a spectacular view of them a few years ago on a
             | flight from Portland (OR) to London.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | United forced the window shades closed on the 787 trips I
           | took over the arctic circle. Couldn't even see them if you
           | wanted to.
        
           | alkonaut wrote:
           | Even the regular not-quite-north-pole-but-over-65-north are
           | more than good enough. In fact, since the aurora is an oval,
           | it's _better_ to be a bit further south than at the pole. Not
           | sure which the best latitude is, but guessing it 's arund 70
           | north or so.
        
           | hectormalot wrote:
           | I've once had an amazing view on the northern lights flying
           | icelandair. Crew went around waking people up so they could
           | see it.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > Fun fact you will also get a higher dose of radiation taking
         | North Pole routes
         | 
         | It only matters for _very_ frequent flyers (i.e. people who put
         | in almost as many hours as flight crew).
         | 
         | For your average Joe that barely flies much, it won't make any
         | difference.
        
           | type0 wrote:
           | it does matter for the airplane staff
        
             | traceroute66 wrote:
             | > it does matter for the airplane staff
             | 
             | Yes it does, but you don't need to worry about that.
             | 
             | There are already procedures in place for "normal"
             | operations.
             | 
             | It only needs a few tiny changes to take into account the
             | arctic route, and I'm sure all the airlines have already
             | done that.
             | 
             | Basically they only need to tweak shift rotas a little. For
             | most airlines you won't even notice the impact on flight
             | scheduling.
        
               | Tepix wrote:
               | That depends on the airline of course
        
             | chinathrow wrote:
             | Yeah but this should be tracked by airlines, if I recall
             | correctly.
        
         | unnouinceput wrote:
         | Pretty sure the airplane will, not the passengers inside.
        
           | mikekij wrote:
           | The people inside will absolutely receive a larger radiation
           | dose. A thin metal shell does not block a large percentage of
           | cosmic radiation.
        
             | fosk wrote:
             | I wonder if planes could be built in such a way to include
             | two sheets of outside layer, with a gas (can a gas be used
             | to shield radiation?) in between those sheets to shield the
             | passengers from outside radiation.
             | 
             | Or maybe use a polyethylene layer?
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | Cosmic radiation will penetrate anything that isn't,
               | like, a good-size chunk of lead.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | The bulk of the radiation are cosmic rays or things
               | showered from them. Shielding isn't practical.
               | 
               | But also, on the scale of things to worry about in life,
               | this is way down there.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | So will taking a CT scan or eating a banana or some nuts. That
         | statement is meaningless unless you can quantify it.
        
       | MomoXenosaga wrote:
       | Good. Imagine you're a Russian political refugee. You don't want
       | to fly over Russian airspace and have your plane forced to land
       | by Russian MIGs.
        
         | Lordarminius wrote:
         | >Imagine you're a Russian political refugee. You don't want to
         | fly over Russian airspace and have your plane forced to land by
         | Russian MIGs.
         | 
         | Like the US doesn't do the same or worse ?
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Not to Russian political refugees.
        
         | tormock wrote:
         | > You don't want to fly over Russian airspace and have your
         | plane forced to land by Russian MIGs.
         | 
         | Can't they just ask like the US Government does?
         | 
         | I.E.: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/07/03/edsn-j03.html
        
           | danuker wrote:
           | I am appalled. Not very surprised, but still appalled.
        
             | tormock wrote:
             | It's one of the 3 things that Obama did (or didn't do) that
             | disappointed me the most.
        
         | NullPrefix wrote:
         | Has that ever happened before? Belarus, sure, it did happen,
         | but what about Russia?
        
           | regnull wrote:
           | I guess we don't want to wait to find out.
        
       | ciabattabread wrote:
       | How do all these new polar routes affect the workload of the
       | people staffing our Arctic radar stations, if at all?
        
         | ptero wrote:
         | If you mean en route radars, those should not be affected.
         | Those are big rotators that work the same, 24x7, regardless of
         | how many planes are in the area of the coverage.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | No. Civilian aircraft have transponders on. They can be
         | identified easily.
        
         | traceroute66 wrote:
         | > How do all these new polar routes affect the workload of the
         | people staffing our Arctic radar stations, if at all?
         | 
         | If you are referring to the people doing the radio work,
         | through the magic of HF radio they sit in a nice warm office in
         | Ontario, Canada.
         | 
         | I doubt it will increase their workload much as its not a busy
         | route and there's not much ATC to do given the sparse nature of
         | the region. Its more of a monitoring service per-se.
         | 
         | P.S. They are not "new" routes. They've been around for
         | decades, just lost popularity due to better options.
        
       | rconti wrote:
       | I thought Russia charged huge fees for airlines to fly through
       | their airspace. Apparently that's not true anymore, but this
       | BusinessInsider BlogPostThing has a lot of interesting history I
       | wasn't aware of.
       | 
       | https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-uses-airspace-restric...
        
       | dcanelhas wrote:
       | I wonder if one could build a couple of aircraft carrier for
       | commercial airliners and post them out in the Pacific somewhere
       | to get shorter ETOPS-compliant flight paths.
       | 
       | I also wonder how much fuel is spent carrying fuel and if
       | emissions wouldn't be lower if they would fly shorter legs on
       | fumes and do frequent refueling stops.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | It's not as if the navy airplanes that take off and land from
         | carriers are standard issue planes. There are very specific,
         | pretty risky tech that goes into each catapult launch, arrested
         | landing, etc. Doing so in an airliner full of passengers would
         | be too risky in my view.
         | 
         | Not to mention the size of aircraft carrier that would be
         | required to land even a 737.
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | There is no possible way that a commercial airliner can land on
         | an aircraft carrier.
        
           | adhesive_wombat wrote:
           | They can definitely touch down on one. They just can't also
           | come to a stop on the same one.
           | 
           | Though if you fitted a tail hook to a 747, probably _some_ of
           | that 747 could be said to have landed there. Maybe a few
           | passengers too, and you could claim the fastest
           | disembarkation speeds for them too!
        
         | thombat wrote:
         | Minimum runway length quoted for Boeing 777 take-offs is 2500m,
         | plus a 240m runway end safety area (a sandpit it can plow into
         | if the takeoff is aborted without remaining space to halt). On
         | an aircraft carrier this might be shortened a little since the
         | ship can steam into whatever wind is present, but compare that
         | to the 333m long flight deck on the new Gerald Ford class
         | aircraft carriers and the impossibility is plain to see.
        
           | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
           | Also the aircraft landing on a carrier have tail hooks to
           | stop themselves and an undercarriage that is designed for
           | those stresses.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | And they don't weigh 200 tons...
        
           | mrec wrote:
           | I wonder what the limits are on how far something like
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Habakkuk could be
           | scaled up.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | No.
         | 
         | Really, I have no idea if this comment was in jest or halfway
         | serious but there isn't any way passenger planes will _ever_
         | land on any of the existing aircraft carriers. Width, Runway
         | length, arrestor strength, inability to do cat launches with
         | something that heavy and so on. It isn 't going to happen.
        
           | jeromegv wrote:
           | That's when you know the technical conversation in this
           | thread will go nowhere. That's the solution? Aircraft
           | carriers? Really? Some tech people do have a strong sense of
           | entitlement about how easy some problems are to solve.
        
             | adhesive_wombat wrote:
             | Landing a passenger jet on an aircraft carrier really would
             | be "moving fast and breaking things".
        
       | twoneurons wrote:
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | I don't know if any others of you are of a certain age and
       | remember having to fly through Anchorage in your youth... Back
       | when DC10s either couldn't make it all the way nonstop, or for
       | cost reasons a stopover in AK made it marginally profitable.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | I still use "borrowed" Northwest Orient flatware.
        
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