[HN Gopher] Sumerian dog jokes, or the difficulty of translating...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sumerian dog jokes, or the difficulty of translating dead languages
        
       Author : jsnell
       Score  : 406 points
       Date   : 2022-03-21 11:48 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | Forget language, I once asked a Taiwanese colleague to tell me
       | joke that is really considered funny in Taiwan, his response:
       | "For example this is funny, a Polar bear that is cold on the
       | North pole." Ok... I wonder what our jokes sound like to him...
        
         | Biganon wrote:
         | There's a joke in French about two horses that go to the
         | movies, I usually can't finish telling it from laughing too
         | hard, yet people often find it extremely lame and unfunny. You
         | can't explain humor I guess.
        
           | riskable wrote:
           | Modern version of an E.B. White quote: "Explaining a joke is
           | like dissecting a frog. Sure, you learn something but the
           | frog dies in the end."
           | 
           | Original version:
           | 
           | "Explaining a joke is like dissecting a frog. You understand
           | it better but the frog dies in the process." - E.B. White
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | By the unwritten rule of jokes, you must now tell us the
           | joke.
        
             | mushyhammer wrote:
             | A priest, a rabbi and a horse walk into a bar.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | The horse says, okay I absolutely fucked up that jump,
               | but what the hell are you two doing here in the middle of
               | a hurdle track?
        
               | mushyhammer wrote:
               | Weren't they two horses?
        
               | mushyhammer wrote:
               | Exactly.
        
         | vidarh wrote:
         | I think a polar bear that is cold on the north pole would be
         | funny _as a visual gag_ most places if executed well, because
         | it breaks assumptions about polar bears. But for some reason
         | when written down it 's harder to make it fit the assumptions
         | of the structure of a written joke in many cultures that seems
         | to expect an action. To make it funny in writing, I think many
         | place you'd need a more complex delivery wrapping creating a
         | story around how you ran into this polar bear and it terrified
         | you, but it turned out it was just cold and looking for some
         | way to stay warm.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Or some places on the internet where a joke can be the same
         | meaningless word spammed for more that a decade. Jokes are
         | weird desu.
        
         | vharuck wrote:
         | Good to know one-liners are a universal concept. My favorite
         | English one:
         | 
         | "A cannibal passed his brother in the woods."
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | It's tasteless, but I like this one for the unusually
           | intricate ambiguity:
           | 
           | Did you hear about the constipated mathematician?
           | 
           | He worked it out with a pencil.
        
             | lowbloodsugar wrote:
             | worked the logs out with a pencil.
        
           | nathancahill wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-path_sentence
           | 
           | My favorite: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a
           | banana.
        
             | webmaven wrote:
             | A cannibal refused to eat clown soup, claiming it tasted
             | funny.
        
         | zeteo wrote:
         | I once played Taboo with a Taiwanese colleague. I still
         | remember when he gave the clue "you get this if you're really
         | lazy". The word was "beard".
         | 
         | (BTW I had a beard at the time.)
        
           | dorchadas wrote:
           | Let's be honest -- that's part of why I have my beard. The
           | other reason is because I'm bald and it helps balance things
           | out. But mostly lazy.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | I'm still undecided whether I'm saving time having a beard
             | or have created more grooming work than a quick shave took.
        
               | shrikant wrote:
               | Every couple of weeks I decide that the current state of
               | affairs simply takes too long and switch things around,
               | only to keep that going as an infinite loop :/
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | Haha, well, I hate shaving and that's why I often have a
           | beard, you could call me lazy. My Taiwanese colleague was
           | usually not so direct by the way, I'd call him shy but a very
           | nice, warm person.
        
         | nichtich wrote:
         | I'm not sure if he is trying to tell some version of this joke,
         | but here it goes: (for context, dad jokes are often categorized
         | as "cold jokes" here in China/Taiwan, since often its humor is
         | not appreciated by the audience and thus making the vibe
         | "cold") So a polar bear become bored one day and had nothing to
         | do. So he started to pull off his own hair. One, two, three.
         | One by one the hairs were pulled off. After a while, the polar
         | bear suddenly said: It's pretty cold out here!
        
       | slim wrote:
       | I can't view this tweet. It seems this guy made his account
       | private.
        
         | Beltalowda wrote:
         | I could view them before dinner, but it's indeed gone now:
         | "Only approved followers". Guess this relatively "obscure"
         | account got some attention he didn't expect/desired(?)
         | 
         | Anyway, can still read:
         | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1505646738627088389.html
        
           | laughy wrote:
           | Put it here as well https://archive.ph/yuQyu
        
       | lleb97a wrote:
       | I must of really watched a lot of trash horror films as a
       | teenager; I will forever associate the sumerian language with
       | summoning demons.
        
       | Cthulhu_ wrote:
       | Off topic to this interesting and really nerdy thread, but does
       | anyone happen to know why, or does this show for anyone else, the
       | "more tweets" segment below this one is a bunch of anti-trans
       | rhetoric? I'm signed in but I only follow some software
       | engineers, I don't follow these people, I've never interacted or
       | liked any anti-trans sentiments. These are the tweets I'm seeing
       | below the linked thread (TW: anti-trans sentiments):
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/SethDillon/status/1505663712266493958
       | (Babylon Bee complaining about getting suspended after calling
       | Rachel Levine "man of the year")
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/jk_rowling/status/1505670109809070102?s=...
       | JK Rowling pushing her "trans kids regret their choices" rhetoric
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/RevengOfTheFlex/status/15055563131237908...
       | Man going "May transition join a women's MMA league & win it
       | all."
       | 
       | etc etc etc; it's a heap of right-wing nonsense talking points,
       | anti-Ukrainian sentiments crossed with anti-vaxxer posts, a comic
       | claiming BLM embezzled money, a woman saying that if she cheated
       | on a man it's the man's fault, Stonetoss, and even one claiming
       | technology has made us all gay.
       | 
       | What the fuck Twitter? This is not what I signed up for, this is
       | not relevant to my interests, this is not in any way related to
       | anything I've interacted with Twitter for. Is this what you're
       | earning money from these days? If this happens again I'll close
       | my account. That'll teach 'em.
        
         | blamazon wrote:
         | I got the same results. (Not logged in) I'd guess that these
         | things are "trending" in "engagement" today because they are
         | controversial and antagonistic.
         | 
         | My thinking is it is a problem of misaligned incentives.
         | Twitter benefits from outrage through engagement. The
         | perpetrators of hatred benefit from outrage through division.
         | You and I, we do not benefit from this alignment.
        
           | prionassembly wrote:
           | This kind of discourse sort of exculpates the outraged.
           | People have agency, however imperfect. We've gotten in a rut
           | of blaming platforms for people's behavior -- both assholes
           | that post in social media and brittle-porcelaine people who
           | can't stand this torture.
           | 
           | Something needs to be done policy-wise about Twitter and
           | Facebook, but we should also be telling each other to chill
           | the frak out -- and to consider the truths (and every
           | ideology has some truth to it, that's how it acquires
           | verosimilitude and grows) behind the asshole's worldview.
           | Maybe those damn transphobes _are_ looking at _some_ things
           | that we 've become blind to.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | That's exactly what I'm thinking; these agitators generate
           | tons of 'engagement' on twitter from both pro- and anti-
           | whatever they're up for, which for Twitter translates to
           | revenue.
           | 
           | It's why they didn't ban Trump for all this time until he was
           | no longer president. I mean sure, as president of the US he
           | would get special treatment, but he didn't use the official
           | twitter account of the US presidency, and he caused a lot of
           | issues. But also a lot of engagement for Twitter; I wouldn't
           | be surprised if all the reactions, retweets and responses to
           | his tweets, and the fact half the world news media would jump
           | on top of anything he tweeted, were responsible for a big
           | chunk of Twitter's usage during that period.
        
           | slg wrote:
           | I am logged in and got the same results despite not following
           | anyone close to connected to those tweets. There seems to be
           | something specific about this thread that Twitter is
           | connecting to the conservative side of the trans rights
           | debate.
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | Probably because it's trending and the censors haven't gotten
         | around to it yet?
        
         | PixyMisa wrote:
         | "More tweets" seems specifically designed to show you content
         | you hate. No idea why. If you followed the people you list
         | above it would show you the most extreme left-wing talking
         | points instead.
        
         | prionassembly wrote:
         | These things shouldn't make you this angry.
         | 
         | - BLM _is_ unusually opaque about how it uses donations,
         | particularly for something that 's promoted by XKCD (usually a
         | seal of quality).
         | 
         | - The current understanding of gender is very very new, and JK
         | Rowling is 56. Also, are we saying _no_ trans kids _ever_
         | regret their choices?
         | 
         | - There _are_ complaints by female athletes -- possibly just
         | sour grapes -- that transwomen are unreachably strong. The
         | usual rebuttal is that hormone therapy  "undoes" in some sense
         | the muscular advantage that testosterone produces, but the
         | timeline for that is unclear, and not all of the peak male
         | physical superiority is due to sheer muscle (bone structure and
         | mass, etc.) These aren't talking points, it's other people's
         | lives.
         | 
         | At any rate, your complaint is that someone is wrong on the
         | internet! That does happen every once and then.
        
       | peter303 wrote:
       | Perhaps a sound-pun in there, not surviving translation.
        
       | Gupie wrote:
       | A man walks into a bar, the second ducks.
       | 
       | I would imagine this would be difficult to translate, unless
       | "bar" has the two same meanings in language it is translated to.
       | There might also be confusion where aquatic birds fit in, or if
       | there a reference to the passage of time?
        
         | Lornedon wrote:
         | I first interpreted that as "...the second walks into ducks".
        
       | yeetard wrote:
       | I love this. Too bad it will be lost forever to the world when
       | the guy deletes his twitter account.
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | Fortunately IA also archives Twitter.
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20220321161743/https://twitter.c...
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | I love non-sequitur humor, so the idea of a Sumerian dog joke
       | that (initially) makes no sense is already pretty hysterical.
       | 
       | > _Sumerian doesn 't really have "tense" as such. Instead, it has
       | two "tense/aspects" (because Sumerologists don't like to
       | overcommit)_
       | 
       | The author himself has a pretty dry sense of humor as well. LOL.
       | 
       | Edit: After reading some of the author's other threads, I
       | actually wonder now if anything he said in this thread is true.
       | He seems to be an overly cynical know-it-all and not particularly
       | accurate in what he talks about (for the subjects I recognize).
       | Oh well.
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | I'm amazed that "An X walks into a bar..." jokes have been around
       | for over 4,000 years.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | Of course, XKCD already has a comic for this:
       | https://xkcd.com/794/
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Whereas I would have taken the choice of location and animal to
       | be an ancient root of, e.g.: "They sent a sample of [SomeBeer]
       | off to the state lab for analysis. The report came back: 'Shoot
       | that horse, it suffers from diabetes.'"
        
         | webmaven wrote:
         | The variant I'm familiar with is "Congratulations, your rabbit
         | is pregnant!"
        
       | sir_eliah wrote:
       | For anyone interested in learning Sumerian, there is really nice
       | introduction "Learn to Read Ancient Sumerian"[0] by J. Bowen and
       | M. Lewis, which gives you rough ability to understand some
       | grammar and also read cuneiform. It's extremely niche topic and I
       | can guarantee that you'll have absolutely no use for this
       | knowledge[1], but if you're into learning exotic languages, this
       | can be fun. At least it was for me.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.amazon.com/Learn-Read-Ancient-Sumerian-
       | Introduct...
       | 
       | [1] To some extent you can see the same cuneiform symbols in
       | later Akkadian texts, but forget about the grammar.
        
         | urubu wrote:
         | There's also a video series to go along with the book:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTle8uT7NEM&list=PLmXNllWcFF...
        
         | wl wrote:
         | I've been warned by a Sumerologist that the book is
         | idiosyncratic. It does seem to be the only in-print and
         | inexpensive option aimed at amateur scholars.
         | 
         | More mainstream options:
         | 
         | Hayes, John. A Manual of Sumerian Grammar and Texts. A teaching
         | grammar for the beginner. In print, but quite expensive.
         | 
         | Edzard, D.O. Sumerian Grammar. A reference grammar rather than
         | a teaching grammar with exercises and the like. It's really
         | good if you already have some familiarity with linguistics.
         | It's in print and inexpensive.
         | 
         | Thomsen, Marie-Louise. The Sumerian Language: An Introduction
         | to Its History and Grammatical Structure. A reference grammar.
         | Out of print but available on the high seas.
        
           | sir_eliah wrote:
           | Thanks for the suggestions! By the way, what exactly did you
           | mean by saying that the book is idiosyncratic?
        
             | wl wrote:
             | I'm sorry I can't add much more detail as I'm no expert and
             | I'm paraphrasing an off-hand comment I heard around the
             | time the book was published. The short of it is that Bowen
             | & Lewis seem to take grammatical positions at odds with the
             | rest of the field. This doesn't necessarily mean they're
             | wrong. As you are likely aware, the Sumerian language is
             | poorly understood and there's plenty of disagreement among
             | Sumerologists.
        
           | voldacar wrote:
           | All three of those are on libgen just so you know
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | Do you know if the original of the joke can be seen in Sumerian
         | writing? (some picture). Also, do you think it could have been
         | a pun?
        
           | sir_eliah wrote:
           | I don't know about original clay tablet on which this was
           | written, but it can be found through the original publication
           | I think: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359157, if someone has
           | access to JSTOR.
           | 
           | About the interpretation, I myself understand only the:
           | 
           | /igi nu-mu-un-du[8]/ - "I don't see anything"
           | 
           | The rest is a bit above my level. But check this alternative
           | interpretation of this joke:
           | https://twitter.com/abbyfheld/status/1501880993833054208
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | A friend of mine was taking Akkadian or Sumerian (I can't
             | remember which) and described the wide range of possible
             | correct translations of a text with a story from class.
             | 
             | One student said it was a receipt for the sale of a cow.
             | The prof said that was one real possibility. Another said
             | it was a love poem. Prof agreed again. :shrug:
             | 
             | But my favorite translation disagreement is from the Epic
             | of Gilgamesh, I think, where one man insists the proper
             | translation of a line is "the lords of the land of the
             | blazing rockets."
        
             | skullt wrote:
             | There's also a comment on that alternative interpretation
             | here: https://twitter.com/LinManuelRwanda/status/1505836278
             | 1090611...
        
       | notamy wrote:
       | Reading this thread and seeing the author complain about how
       | ambiguous Sumerian is, I find it all the more incredible that
       | we're able to figure out how to translate dead languages like
       | this...
        
         | bradrn wrote:
         | Generally speaking, translation of dead languages is done via
         | means of bilingual texts. The Rosetta Stone is the most famous
         | of these; for cuneiform, the key was apparently a trilingual
         | Old Persian/Elamite/Akkadian inscription (the 'Behistun
         | inscription'). In this case, Old Persian is an Indo-European
         | language, and Akkadian is Semitic, so those languages have
         | plenty of modern-day relatives with very similar structures,
         | which helps decipherment. Once cuneiform was deciphered,
         | Sumerian/Akkadian bilingual texts were sufficient to decipher
         | Sumerian: again, the Semitic nature of Akkadian helped a lot
         | here.
         | 
         | It also helps that most languages use more or less similar
         | techniques to express certain concepts and relations. The
         | elaborate case system and verbal morphology, though 'exotic'
         | for Europeans, aren't necessarily all that different to those
         | found in languages elsewhere.
         | 
         | As for ambiguity... I'm not entirely sure how that particular
         | problem is overcome, but the author mentioned duplicate
         | manuscripts which together can remove some of the ambiguity.
         | Beyond that, we just need to infer the missing pieces from the
         | fact that languages are usually self-consistent to a large
         | extent.
         | 
         | (Disclaimer: I know very little about this area, though I do
         | enjoy reading about linguistics!)
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Once cuneiform was deciphered, Sumerian/Akkadian bilingual
           | texts were sufficient to decipher Sumerian
           | 
           | This isn't quite right; we didn't just find bilingual texts.
           | We found curricular texts that were intended to train
           | Akkadian speakers to be literate in Sumerian, which is
           | obviously much better.
        
             | bradrn wrote:
             | Huh, I had no idea! As I said, I'm not an expert.
        
         | josefx wrote:
         | Here[1] is a video covering how cuneiform (the writing system)
         | was deciphered, most of it was solved after they found an
         | inscription in three different languages.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/PfYYraMgiBA?t=1542
        
         | wl wrote:
         | Sumerian was a dead prestige language used by scribes in
         | ancient Mesopotamia. As such, there are parallel word lists and
         | other such texts written in Akkadian (which is fairly well
         | understood by modern scholars) meant for scribes learning the
         | language.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | It's wild to consider that, thousands of years ago, there
           | were already languages that were considered old and dead.
        
       | xaedes wrote:
       | Readable link:
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1505646738627088389.html
        
         | yreg wrote:
         | I'm always surprised the lengths some go to write on twitter
         | instead of a blog.
         | 
         | See this "thread of threads":
         | https://twitter.com/LinManuelRwanda/status/14562816316024545...
        
           | dexterdog wrote:
           | I'm always amazed that people read what is a short article
           | broken into 25 parts.
        
       | peter_retief wrote:
       | I thought the joke was quite funny, the barman opening one for
       | the blind dog. Open an eye, see?
        
       | hereforphone wrote:
       | "You're unable to view this Tweet because this account owner
       | limits who can view their Tweets". Unfortunately my Twitter
       | account was deleted for no stated reason a couple of days ago
       | (maybe I expressed a thought crime, though I never discuss
       | politics there...)
        
       | jcranberry wrote:
       | This recently also had a post on the AskHistorians subreddit:
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/tbgetc/this_...
        
         | blamazon wrote:
         | From the linked set of proverbs: [1]
         | 
         | "81-82. (cf. 6.2.3: UET 6/2 225) The dog understands "Take
         | it!", but it does not understand Put it down!"
         | 
         | This is ancient form of the modern "No take, only throw" meme!
         | [2]
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/proverbs/t.6.1.05.html#t6105.p...
         | 
         | [2]: https://i.kym-
         | cdn.com/photos/images/original/001/433/498/10e...
        
       | emeraldunicorn9 wrote:
       | I wonder what a Sumerian bar was like. Also, they must have had
       | pretty lax public health rules if they let dogs go in. I can't
       | take my dog to my local coffee shop!
        
         | godDLL wrote:
         | Back then dogs would probably be preferable over the kind of
         | fauna that would impose on you, even in the city. Besides they
         | are a walking hand-towel, are they not.
        
         | meetups323 wrote:
         | You're just in the wrong location -- every patio'd coffee shop
         | and bar around me is dog friendly!
        
       | JudgePenitent wrote:
       | A healthy chunk of the Sumerian texts we have today are training
       | tablets. Scribes would copy these tablets much in the same way we
       | copy sentences today to learn to write today, with more of an
       | emphasis on hand writing. A small sample of the content of these
       | include:
       | 
       | "If a scribe knows only one line, but his handwriting is good, he
       | is indeed a scribe!"
       | 
       | "A scribe whose hand can follow dictation is indeed a scribe!"
       | 
       | "What kind of a scribe is a scribe who does not know Sumerian?"
       | 
       | Sumerian really was the Latin of its day; long after southern
       | Mesopotamia succumbed, the northern Mesopotamian civs like
       | Akkadia and Babylon still wrote Sumerian, much in the same way
       | that medieval England still used Latin.
       | 
       | On the topic of Sumerian translations, there is an unsolved
       | mystery about UD.GAL.NUN text. UD.GAL.NUN is the modern name
       | given to it, with UD meaning normal orthography AN, GAL meaning
       | EN, and NUN for LIL. ("text of God?" enlil was the primary deity)
       | This text is found randomly throughout Sumerian texts, sometimes
       | changing context within a sentence; the practice died out within
       | a few hundred years, maybe even 100. It's meaning and why its
       | there is still debated, with some suggestions that it maybe was a
       | scribal code or the first encryption system. From what I know it
       | has not been cracked because there are no "Rosetta Stones"..yet
       | 
       | Source: Jon Taylor, "The First Scribes"
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | > dog jokes as an excuse to embark
       | 
       | I see what he did there!
        
       | blamazon wrote:
       | Copy pasting the completed translation:
       | 
       | "A friendly dog walks into a bar.
       | 
       | His eyes do not see anything.
       | 
       | He should open them."
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | How rough is this translation? Does the "...walks into a bar"
         | joke predate monotheism? Though we know that the Egyptian
         | neighbours were drinking beer at the time, did either culture
         | actually have drinking establishments?
        
           | Mikeb85 wrote:
           | It's well known that the Sumerians did indeed have drinking
           | establishments. Lots of writings about them.
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | Here's a Sumerian 'drinking song' about a drinking place, the
           | female proprietor, and the process she performs to make beer.
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-sip-from-an-
           | an...
        
           | Kalium wrote:
           | As I understand it, Sumerian culture had drinking
           | establishments. Though they don't seem to have been
           | freestanding business establishments, and were often part of
           | some larger organization (like a temple).
           | 
           | So "bar" would be an updated translation that preserves the
           | essence of an idea of walking into a drinking place, but
           | obviously a lot of the cultural nuance around the social role
           | of a Sumerian tavern is lost. It doesn't really seem
           | important for this joke though.
        
         | PixyMisa wrote:
         | 4000 year old dad jokes. This is the content I come here for.
        
           | singularity2001 wrote:
           | Why is it certain that this is a joke and not some kind of
           | wisdom, charm or unknown literary category?
        
             | blamazon wrote:
             | Because it starts with "A dog walks into a bar"
        
               | muzani wrote:
               | There's a similar koan with a dog, which is not intended
               | as a joke; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_(negative)
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | No bar tho.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | For starters, it looks, and quacks, like a joke
        
               | hoseja wrote:
               | That's because it had a very convoluted plastic surgery
               | to make it so.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | mcv wrote:
             | > Why is it certain that this is a joke and not some kind
             | of wisdom, charm or unknown literary category?
             | 
             | The distinction between those may not always be that well-
             | defined.
             | 
             | I once read that the story of the Good Samaritan (by Jesus)
             | follows the structure of a popular set of jokes (or
             | possibly self-congratulatory "wisdom") of the time:
             | something happens, a priest comes by and is useless, a
             | Levite passes by and is useless, and finally a common Jew
             | comes by and fixes the problem, and everybody gets to feel
             | good about being a commoner and not some useless elitist.
             | Except Jesus tripped up his audience by replacing the Jew
             | with a Samaritan.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | There is a famous story about Zhuangzi [if you prefer,
               | Chuang Tzu] that goes like this:
               | 
               | -----
               | 
               | Zhuangzi and Huizi were crossing a bridge over the river
               | Hao.
               | 
               | Zhuangzi said: the fish have come out to play; this makes
               | them happy.
               | 
               | Huizi said: You are not a fish. How do you know what
               | makes fish happy?
               | 
               | Zhuangzi said: You are not me. How do you know that I
               | don't know what makes fish happy?
               | 
               | Huizi said: I am not you. Of course I do not know you.
               | [But] you are certainly not a fish. Your non-knowledge of
               | what makes fish happy is total.
               | 
               | Zhuangzi said: Please stick to your original [question].
               | You asked how I know what makes fish happy. You already
               | knew that I knew this and [still] you asked me. I know it
               | over the Hao.
               | 
               | -----
               | 
               | "I know it over the Hao" makes sense because in the
               | original language, the word "how", An , is also the word
               | "where".
               | 
               | The story comes down to us as part of a foundational
               | text. Is it wisdom or a cheap joke?
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | Does the original text really says: "walks into a bar"?
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | Different cultures may assign different connotations to what
           | "bar" means, but first line of the original text says "walks
           | into a [place]" and other sources using that same word
           | [place] involve serving beer to patrons and/or prostitution
           | there, so "bar" or "brothel" or "inn" may be roughly decent
           | approximations; but "bar" has the "... walks into a bar"
           | English trope going for it.
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | No, the original text says:
           | 
           | ur-gir15-re es2-dam-se in-kur9-ma
           | 
           | Alternatively notated as:
           | 
           | /urgir-e esdam-se i.n-kur-ma/
        
             | marcodiego wrote:
             | Oh, sure. More accurately translated as "tavern".
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | Depends on your definition of "tavern."
               | 
               | Having lived in both places, a "tavern" in New York and a
               | "tavern" in Wisconsin can be different things, depending
               | on a lot of factors.
        
       | marginalia_nu wrote:
       | Reminds me of a Starcraft joke:
       | 
       | > A marine walks into a bar. He looks around and is confused,
       | says "where is the counter?".
       | 
       | I wonder if, in 3000 years, they'll be trying to figure that one
       | out as well.
        
         | _notathrowaway wrote:
         | Please, do explain the joke for the rest of us.
        
           | __s wrote:
           | Marines are the basic unit of Terran. Terran will build
           | marines throughout the game (unless they go mech, but bio is
           | the primary composition for all matchups). With upgrades
           | marines have high dps & speed. They're a small unit which
           | means you can fit more dps within a small area. They're
           | ranged, unlike zerglings & zealots. Terran's drop ship,
           | medivacs, can ferry around 8 marines while healing them on
           | the ground
           | 
           | In reality the counter to them is splash damage, though good
           | micro can mitigate that somewhat, & Terran isn't going to
           | stop building marines just because the opponent built some
           | splash damage
           | 
           | In some regards this can be rooted in people expecting
           | StarCraft to be like Age of Empires, where as you climb the
           | tech tree you discard previous tech. StarCraft instead
           | prefers tech to fill out a composition & late tech often
           | provides a support role to earlier tech
           | 
           | https://tl.net/forum/starcraft-2/174912-the-problem-with-
           | mar... (2010)
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | A counter is the play that beats a specific strategy. Rock is
           | the counter to Scissors in Rock Paper Scissors.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | danielvf wrote:
           | In the game of Rock, Paper, Scissors, each choice has a
           | counter choice that thoroughly defeats it. If you knew that
           | your opponent was going to reveal a scissors, you would
           | counter with a rock.
           | 
           | In Star Craft, each unit has opposing units that are extra
           | effective against it, so if your opponent had a bunch of
           | marines, you might build a bunch of siege tanks.
           | 
           | Here's a whole article on counters to the marine unit:
           | https://osirissc2guide.com/marine-counter.html
        
           | baq wrote:
           | There's no counter to marines
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Wordplay on counter. It's a PVP game where players are
           | constantly complaining about balance and or counters.
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | You pretty much get balance whine in any competitive game.
             | Sometimes the communities mature out of it, but the scrub
             | mentality comes very natural to a lot of people.
             | 
             | I think it's a funny joke, though. Even though, when I've
             | played Stacraft, I've been the one making marines.
        
             | ChrisRackauckas wrote:
             | It's not a PvP game, there's marines. (Now imagine 3000
             | years from now trying to unravel this joke without a bunch
             | of cultural knowledge haha)
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | To throw a wrinkle into that, the joke was lost on me, despite
         | being someone who logged several hundred (if not thousand)
         | hours into the original Starcraft between 1998-2003 or so.
         | 
         | However, the distinction is my idea of "online play" back in
         | the day was either playing with friends whom I knew personally,
         | _or_ playing an  "All vs Comp" match where several human
         | players would play against a single computer component. And
         | we'd still lose about half the time.
         | 
         | But point being, I never really played PvP, and I don't think
         | that term "counter" came from the original Starcraft manual or
         | strategy guides. It was a term that evolved into the meta
         | community. And if you weren't sufficiently plugged into that
         | community, you wouldn't encounter the term.
         | 
         | There's probably tons of other examples of this, e.g. in the
         | fighting game community.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Yeah, it's definitely in the sliver of the venn diagram where
           | Starcraft and competitive gaming overlaps.
           | 
           | Here is another Starcraft joke you may appreciate:
           | 
           | > A dragoon walks into a bar. No, not around to the bar. A
           | dragoon walks next to the entrance of a bar. A dragoon takes
           | a step toward the bar. A dragoon walks into a bar. Nooo! Not
           | that way!
        
             | __s wrote:
             | & this joke explained:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0G3Gm-1G2Y
             | 
             | & this behavior explained: https://old.reddit.com/r/starcra
             | ft/comments/ewsj2o/brood_war... https://old.reddit.com/r/st
             | arcraft/comments/ewsj2o/comment/f...
        
               | MauranKilom wrote:
               | Further comments say that the reason given is wrong, and
               | that it's a change in (animation?) speed instead that
               | causes this.
        
               | __s wrote:
               | Change in movement speed, where movement speed is based
               | on animation frame
               | 
               | Notice how the zerglings don't smoothly move:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOMzUw2GSSk&t=144s
        
               | jcranberry wrote:
               | I suppose the assumption is that the path is calculated
               | based on a constant (I assume either average or current)
               | speed, when in reality the speed varies?
        
           | smcl wrote:
           | I have a similar experience with Age of Empires 2. I played
           | it a lot as a kid and only recently realised there's a pretty
           | active multiplayer community with a few popular streamers
           | like T90 on YouTube commentating on matches. They have a lot
           | of custom lingo, so you'll hear something like "looks like
           | he's going for fast imp" (meaning the commentator thinks a
           | player is following a strategy whereby they prioritise
           | advancing their civilization to the Imperial Age).
        
             | rietta wrote:
             | Wait, that game is still around!? I played it so much as a
             | kid. I actually logged a lot in the original AOE. That is
             | fantastic and a testament to what is lost with modern games
             | requiring a server to be continually provided.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | AOE2 has actually had a great renaissance fairly recently
               | due to a remastered version being released.
        
               | smcl wrote:
               | Yep. In case you're curious, here's a funny example of a
               | match: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTRwNlRaw9Y
               | 
               | I find the "nothing" maps like that to be quite
               | entertaining, but there are a number of good ones out
               | there, and there's plenty of creative strategies and
               | personalities. My favourite was a player called "WALL"
               | who ... well maybe easier if I show you:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5ecZEs2Y0o
        
           | __s wrote:
           | The joke is about StarCraft 2, marines aren't a core unit in
           | every matchup in Broodwar
        
       | xkriva11 wrote:
       | Neil Postman: "Puffs of smoke are insufficiently complex to
       | express ideas on the nature of existence, and even if they were
       | not, a Cherokee philosopher would run short of either wood or
       | blankets long before he reached his second axiom. You cannot use
       | smoke to do philosophy. Its form excludes the content."
       | 
       | Every time I see a Twitter post like this, I remember this quote.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | Neither is any language for that matter.
         | 
         | Empirical reference is central.
         | 
         | You don't explain the taste of a lemon. You hand them a lemon.
         | 
         | Everests of bullshit have been built upon merely metaphorical
         | understanding.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | Yelling on a street corner is a poor medium for philosophy too,
         | but if that's where the audience is...
        
         | cupofpython wrote:
         | i partially disagree. I agree that formal philosophical axioms
         | as we understand them are out of reach by puffs of smoke, since
         | philosophy tries to begin from a place of as limited context as
         | possible. I disagree that the lack of that formality is an
         | appropriate litmus for the sufficiency of a medium to harbor
         | successful communication.
         | 
         | pairing known ideas can create new ideas by guiding a
         | contextualized listener to discover the essence of the idea
         | themself. if a cloud of smoke could represent a well known
         | idea, which it can, and about 10 different smoke shapes are
         | possible (for example).. then after 8 puffs of smoke the shaman
         | can create up to 100000000 distinct chains of ideas to _direct_
         | his audience to whatever it is he wants to them to understand.
         | with smoke symbols for north south east and west, and the
         | delays between when he creates them having assumed meaning, he
         | could give directions to any location on earth - theoretically
         | - with just two to three puffs of smoke
         | 
         | since language is shorthand and referential, it can never
         | contain all the knowledge within itself that is necessary to
         | properly understand it - which is part of the point of the
         | original post. within my tribe, a single word might need a
         | novel to explain to yours, if it is explainable at all. Kind of
         | like being at the bar and something is said and a bunch of
         | people start laughing and all they can communicate to you about
         | it is "you had to be there". the ability to describe details is
         | not the same as the ability to communicate
         | 
         | The smoke puff might be nonsense to an outside observer, but
         | after a few carefully selected puffs curated for the perfect
         | audience - you can communicate literally anything.
         | 
         | likewise, although i have given up on twitter - i do respect
         | that there is often a mountain of context behind popular
         | tweets. although those tweets might not be saying much to me,
         | there is a tribe out there who have a much deeper experience
         | with it than i do. And timing is a huge part of it, as well as
         | the context of mainstream news, and a bunch of other things
         | depending on the intended audience
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Puffs of smoke are insufficiently complex to express ideas
         | on the nature of existence_
         | 
         | Actually you just need to binary encode your mesage using puffs
         | of smoke, something they are perfectly capable of.
        
         | willcipriano wrote:
         | This is a better way of expressing a thought that I've had for
         | a couple years now. Indulge me in this thought experiment.
         | 
         | Religious figures and scientists both argue over how the
         | universe was created. Religious explanations often posit that
         | some sort of higher power created the universe but fail to
         | provide the story prior to that. The same is true of science
         | with its big bang. I argue that these stories perhaps tell us
         | about the early universe, but not how it was created.
         | 
         | Now think for a moment, can you construct a sentence that is at
         | all logical, that doesn't move the goalposts or do any
         | linguistic trickery, that could possibly describe where our
         | universe came from? Don't worry about it being true, just a
         | reasonable sentence that obeys the laws of cause and effect?
         | 
         | I believe that human language has not yet reached a point where
         | it could describe anything like that. If that has true we have
         | debated for centuries about a question that even if an
         | individual knew the answer they would be unable to express it
         | to anyone else.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | 404. The requested multiversal namespace was not found.
           | 
           | Do you wish to create it? Y/N
        
           | idoubtit wrote:
           | > Religious figures and scientists both argue over how the
           | universe was created.
           | 
           | I haven't seen much arguments about this. In most civilized
           | countries, religions have stopped to make factual claims
           | about the "antediluvian times", because all their previous
           | claims were proven false. For many decades, scientists have
           | almost stopped arguing with religious figures. The tendency
           | is that scientific people are less permeable to religious
           | beliefs, and religions are almost powerless in scientific
           | domains. Lastly, religions don't argue, internally or with
           | each other, over the origin of the world.
           | 
           | > Religious explanations often posit that some sort of higher
           | power created the universe but fail to provide the story
           | prior to that.
           | 
           | The religious explanations failed _to satisfy you_ , but at
           | least some of them provide a consistent explanation. For
           | instance, Genesis states that their god was there from all
           | eternity, then at one point he created the world. You may
           | dislike this "story before that", but it is clear and
           | consistent.
           | 
           | > The same is true of science with its big bang.
           | 
           | It's not true. There are several theories about the origins
           | before the big-bang, or at the big-bang. Science does provide
           | the stories you long for, but at the same time science
           | asserts that these are just hypotheses, and that it's highly
           | probable that models in this domains are won't ever be
           | proved.
        
             | schoen wrote:
             | > For instance, Genesis states that their god was there
             | from all eternity, then at one point he created the world.
             | 
             | Hmmm? It doesn't state anything about what happened before
             | the creation, or where God came from.
             | 
             | It starts with "in the beginning, God created the heaven
             | and the earth" (or "when God began to create heaven and
             | earth") and nothing in Genesis mentions any moment or
             | occasion prior to that.
             | 
             | Are you thinking of other aspects of Jewish or Christian
             | tradition that aren't derived from the text of Genesis?
        
           | heavenlyblue wrote:
           | They don't lack the language, they lack knowledge beyond
           | that. As anything beyond that is down the rabbit's hole of
           | "everything is possible" and thus the story is as boring as
           | the 10 season of your sci-go show when they have reached
           | beyond unifinity of galaxies and you just can't make a proper
           | narrative about something that no longer has any reference to
           | the viewers
        
           | positus wrote:
           | Consider:
           | 
           | There is an uncreated God who is self-existent and immutable.
           | He has no end or beginning and contains within Himself
           | fullness of being. From him all things derive their being. He
           | doesn't "exist", he just *is*; that is, His being is
           | underived. Everything else derives their existence from Him.
           | There has never been a time when he has not been, because he
           | is self-existent apart from time; time itself is something He
           | has made. So there wasn't "story prior"; there was just God.
           | This is the God that Christians worship, who added to his
           | eternal nature the nature of a man in the person of Jesus of
           | Nazareth. Jesus testified to this, saying: "Before Abraham
           | and Isaac were, I AM."
        
             | Banana699 wrote:
             | >He doesn't "exist", he just _is_
             | 
             | This is meaningless, the verb 'is' literally means 'to be',
             | i.e. to exist. How can someone/something/God not exist and
             | yet 'be'?
             | 
             | This is a very widespread problem with the Abrahamic family
             | of religions (and maybe other religions, but I'm most
             | familiar with this family). When pressed, philosophers and
             | proponents are very adamant about the fact that 'God' is
             | not an entity comprehensible to a human, it's useless to
             | apply plain old physical or commonsense logic to 'him' or
             | try to derive any useful facts about 'him' or just reason
             | about 'him' in any way other than 'he exists and he wants
             | me to say and do things'. But doesn't this, like,
             | invalidate the whole enterprise of worship ?
             | 
             | If God is so incomprehensible that you can't even explain
             | why evil exists when he is supposedly all-good and all-
             | capable of enforcing that good, what makes you think he
             | wants or needs worshipping, you just said he doesn't obey
             | any comprehensible rules. You might object that he himself
             | told us to worship him in the $Book, this doesn't work.
             | Even assuming $Book is true and uncorrupted, what makes you
             | think God really means what he says, you just assumed he
             | works by a rule that even humans don't always obey. Maybe
             | God just made himself known to us and requested that we
             | worship him as a joke, you might object that this makes God
             | unacceptably 'Juvenile' for a cosmic entity, but again,
             | this just assumes human standards and social protocols. Etc
             | etc etc.
        
               | positus wrote:
               | The distinction is that unlike everything in creation,
               | God does not derive His being from an outside source. You
               | and I, and (everything else) are dependent on things
               | outside of us to cause us to be and continue being. We
               | are, _out of_ , something else.
               | 
               | Not one of us decided to be born, but through the actions
               | of others we came to be. And we continue to be, because
               | we have food and water and shelter and clothing, etc.
               | 
               | God, unlike the things He has made doesn't depend on
               | something else to be or continue being. He has always
               | been. He isn't _out of_ anything but is self-existent; He
               | doesn 't exist but rather _is_. And because He _is_ ,
               | everything else (all of which depends on Him to be)
               | continues to be.
               | 
               | I hope I've worded that clearly.
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | > describe where our universe came from ... that obeys the
           | laws of cause and effect
           | 
           | All you've done is ask a trick question, like "prove Fermat's
           | Last Theorem without using any math". The problem is you used
           | the words "where", which means "a place in the universe", and
           | "cause and effect", which means "tracing the causes of
           | something backward in time", with "time" again existing only
           | within this universe. It's a little like Zeno's Paradox of
           | Achilles and the tortoise. All we've found is that this
           | particular way of asking the question or describing the
           | question is insufficient.
           | 
           | Obviously in order to prove Fermat's Last Theorem, you need
           | to use math. Obviously to talk about anything "external" to
           | the universe, you need to use something that is not a "where"
           | within this universe and does not follow the cause and effect
           | defined within this universe. The question is: is it,
           | therefore, useful to ask the question, given that we are
           | stuck in this universe?
           | 
           | No. It's not.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _that obeys the laws of cause and effect_
           | 
           | Why would it need to obey those laws? What made them "laws"?
        
           | psyc wrote:
           | I could say, for example, that _our_ universe was created
           | when a 5th dimensional alien named Parkus Mersson ran
           | universe.jar. But that only expands the notion of universe. I
           | don't think I can make the kind of statement you mean without
           | regressing to something else that needs explaining.
           | 
           | IOW, why is there something rather than nothing.
        
         | ganzuul wrote:
         | "To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one
         | without faith, no explanation is possible." - Thomas Aquinas
        
         | simias wrote:
         | It's going to be a predictably nerdy reply but I feel like the
         | issue of smoke signals is not complexity, it's bandwidth.
         | 
         | Now maybe if you could put a dozen or so smoke signals in
         | parallel and add error correction codes...
        
           | thelittlenag wrote:
           | The clacks would like to have a word with you...
        
           | addaon wrote:
           | I have an image now of someone sky-writing Euclid's axioms.
        
         | a_shovel wrote:
         | I fail to see the problem. What content does the form of a
         | sequence of tweets exclude? Run-on sentences? Does that
         | sentence _really_ need to be a hundred words long?
        
         | mirconoft wrote:
         | whatever
        
           | atombender wrote:
           | Isn't it _objectively_ primitive technology? As for the
           | blankets, it comes from the stereotypical image of person
           | covering a smoldering fire with a blanket to release
           | individual puffs of smoke, as in this [1] sketch.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZXugeBGCfk
        
           | cosmojg wrote:
           | Off-topic, but "Native American" is _not_ the most widely
           | preferred term[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kh88fVP2FWQ
        
           | LudwigNagasena wrote:
           | > Why does he need to mention that smoke signals are
           | primitive? Why blankets?
           | 
           | For the same reason he mentions other things: to convey his
           | thought in a precise manner. I don't understand the
           | criticism.
        
         | pxmpxm wrote:
         | That is brilliant.
         | 
         | My immediate response in this context is the back button - if
         | you haven't given much thought to the medium, you likely
         | haven't given much thought to the content itself.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Why? I must be missing something because Native Americans
           | definitely had philosophy, oral traditions, and the like -
           | smoke didn't change that and a vaguely racist comment about
           | how they wouldn't be able to form thoughts because they
           | didn't have some special medium for doing so just comes off
           | as that.
           | 
           | Socrates didn't really write stuff down...
        
             | pxmpxm wrote:
             | The point has to do with Twitter, sir.
             | 
             | Nice Rorschach there with your quip about racism, however.
             | You may want to think about that a bit.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | 137 characters - too small to be considered as thoughts
               | as your message would fit in a tweet.
        
             | arcbyte wrote:
             | It's an analogy.
        
             | twomoonsbysurf wrote:
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | It doesn't say anything about "wouldn't be able to form
             | thoughts", in fact it explicitly refers to smoke as a
             | _medium_ being insufficient.
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | The comment had nothing to do with forming thoughts, but
             | instead how thoughts can be meaningfully conveyed. If the
             | mention of a minority or Native American technique in the
             | analogy makes you close your mind before being able to
             | understand:
             | 
             | Telegrams are insufficiently complex to express ideas on
             | the nature of existence, and even if they were not, a
             | frontier philosopher would run short of either money or
             | time long before he reached his second axiom. You cannot
             | use telegrams to do philosophy. Its form excludes the
             | content.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | You should keep in mind your medium, sir. All of human
               | philosophy is encoded at your fingertips in 0's and 1's.
               | 
               | Literally smoke signals implemented in rocks so dumb we
               | tricked them into thinking.
               | 
               | ..-. .- .. .-.. ..- .-. . / - --- / --. .-. .- ... .--. /
               | - .... .. ... / .-- .. .-.. .-.. / --. . - / -.-- --- ..-
               | / -.. .- -... -... . -.. / --- -. / -... -.-- / . ...- .
               | .-. -.-- / -- --- .-. ... . / ..- ... . .-. / . ...- .
               | .-. --..-- / .- -. -.. / .- .-. --. ..- .- -... .-.. -.--
               | --..-- / . ...- . .-. -.-- / -.-. --- -- .--. ..- - . .-.
               | / ... -.-. .. . -. - .. ... - / .-- .. - .... / . ...- .
               | -. / .- -. / .. --- - .- / --- ..-. / .--. .... .. .-..
               | --- ... --- .--. .... .. -.-. .- .-.. / ..- -. -.. . .-.
               | .--. .. -. -. .. -. --. .-.-.- / --- ..-. / .-- .... ..
               | -.-. .... / .. / .- -- / .- - / .-.. . .- ... - / .- /
               | -.. .- -... -... .-.. . .-. / --- ..-. / - .... . / ..-.
               | --- .-. -- . .-. --..-- / .- -. -.. / .- / -- . -- -... .
               | .-. / --- ..-. / - .... . / .-.. .- - - . .-. .-.-.-
        
               | ummwhat wrote:
               | .. / ..-. --- .-. / --- -. . / -... . --. / - --- / -..
               | .. ..-. ..-. . .-. .-.-.- / .-- .... .- - . ...- . .-. /
               | .--. .... .. .-.. --- ... --- .--. .... . .-. / ... .- ..
               | -.. / - .... .. ... / .--. .-. --- ..-. --- ..- -. -..
               | .-.. -.-- / ..- -. -.. . .-. . ... - .. -- .- - . ... / -
               | .... . / -... .- -. -.. .-- .. -.. - .... / --- ..-. / --
               | --- .-. ... . / -.-. --- -.. . .-.-.-
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | .-. -- / -....- .-. ..-. / -..-.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | To add to this - . .-.. . --. .-. .- -- ... / .-- . .-. .
               | / --- -. .-.. -.-- / ... .... --- .-. - / -... . -.-. .-
               | ..- ... . / .. - / -.-. --- ... - / - --- --- / -- ..-
               | -.-. .... / - --- / ... . -. -.. / .- -. / . -. - .. .-.
               | . / . ... ... .- -.-- / .- ..-. - . .-. / .- .-.. .-..
               | --..-- / -. --- - / -... . -.-. .- ..- ... . / -- --- .-.
               | ... . / .. - ... . .-.. ..-. / .. ... / .-.. .- -.-. -.-
               | .. -. --. / .. -. / . -..- .--. .-. . ... ... .. ...- ..
               | - -.-- .-.-.- / -- --- .-. ... . / .. ... / .--- ..- ...
               | - / .- / ... -.-- ... - . -- / - --- / . -. -.-. --- -..
               | . / .... ..- -- .- -. / .-.. .- -. --. ..- .- --. .
               | .-.-.- / .. - / .. ... / - .... . / .... ..- -- .- -. /
               | .-.. .- -. --. ..- .- --. . / - .... .- - / -.. --- . ...
               | / - .... . / .-. . .- .-.. / .-- --- .-. -.- --..-- / -.
               | --- - / .. - ... / . -. -.-. --- -.. .. -. --. .-.-.-
        
               | ummwhat wrote:
               | .. -. ..-. --- .-. -- .- - .. --- -. / .. ... / .--. ....
               | -.-- ... .. -.-. .- .-.. / ..-. ..- .-.. .-.. / ... - ---
               | .--.
        
               | ryukoposting wrote:
               | .-.. .- -. --. ..- .- --. . / . -..- .. ... - ... / ..-.
               | --- .-. / - .... . / .--. ..- .-. .--. --- ... . / ---
               | ..-. / . -..- .--. .-. . ... ... .. --- -. --..-- / -...
               | ..- - / . -..- .--. .-. . ... ... .. --- -. / -. . . -..
               | / -. --- - / -... . / -- .- -.. . / - .... .-. --- ..-
               | --. .... / .-.. .- -. --. ..- .- --. . .-.-.- / . ...- .
               | -. / .-- .... . -. / ... -- --- -.- . / .. ... -. .----.
               | - / -... . .. -. --. / ..- ... . -.. / ..-. --- .-. / ...
               | .. --. -. .- .-.. ... --..-- / .. - / ... - .. .-.. .-..
               | / -.-. --- -- -- ..- -. .. -.-. .- - . ... / ... --- -- .
               | - .... .. -. --. ---... / .-..-. .... . -.-- --..-- / -
               | .... . .-. . .----. ... / .- / ..-. .. .-. . / --- ...- .
               | .-. / .... . .-. . -.-.-- .-..-. / .. ..-. / .- .-. - /
               | .. ... / .- / ..-. --- .-. -- / --- ..-. / . -..- .--.
               | .-. . ... ... .. --- -. / - .... .- - / - .-. .- -. ...
               | -.-. . -. -.. ... / .-.. .- -. --. ..- .- --. . --..-- /
               | .- -. -.. / --- -. . / -.-. .- -. / ..- ... . / ... --
               | --- -.- . / .- ... / .- -. / .- .-. - .. ... - .. -.-. /
               | -- . -.. .. ..- -- --..-- / - .... . -. / ... -- --- -.-
               | . / -.-. --- ..- .-.. -.. / -... . / ..- ... . -.. / -
               | --- / . -..- .--. .-. . ... ... / - .... .. -. --. ... /
               | . ...- . -. / .-- .. - .... --- ..- - / .- / .-.. .. -.
               | --. ..- .. ... - .. -.-. / ..- -. -.. . .-. .--. .. -. -.
               | .. -. --. .-.-.-
        
               | bobsmooth wrote:
               | Additionally, .. / .... --- .--. . / -.-- --- ..- .----.
               | .-. . / .... .- ...- .. -. --. / .- / -. .. -.-. . / -..
               | .- -.-- / ---... -.--.-
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | >You cannot use telegrams to do philosophy
               | 
               | Tell that to Wittgenstein. Tractatus would have been a
               | twitter thread nowadays.
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | "I think therefore I am" doesn't take a lot of bits to
               | say. A guy once said "brevity is the soul of wit."
               | 
               | It doesn't take that many leaves to make smoke.
        
             | psyc wrote:
             | You're inserting intent that isn't in the text - a sign of
             | our times. It only says such thoughts can't be transmitted
             | via smoke signal. Here it's used to say, "Fuck Tweet
             | threads."
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | And yet, they can be used to transmit such thoughts and
               | the Native's communication is used as a frame - so what
               | was that about me inserting things again?
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | The problem here is you assuming that someone thinks that
               | Natives only communicate via smoke signals.
        
               | psyc wrote:
               | So can Twitter threads. The bit about wood and blankets
               | alludes to impracticality. It's not about information
               | theory. Why shouldn't smoke signals be the frame? It's an
               | analogy. Why do you feel smoke signals are taboo for that
               | purpose?
        
       | simias wrote:
       | These translation issues will be familiar to anybody learning a
       | current, very much alive language, especially if you're reading
       | informal forums (say, Youtube comments). You have the same types
       | of abbreviations, more-or-less voluntary misspellings and jokes
       | or references that only make sense from a certain cultural
       | standpoint.
       | 
       | I'm sure most foreign language students will sympathize with the
       | very frustrating and demoralizing situation where you read a
       | sentence, understand every single word but you still have
       | absolutely no idea what it's trying to convey because you're
       | missing some idiom, reference or alternative meaning of one of
       | the words.
       | 
       | For the English monolinguals reading this, imagine studying
       | English and stumbling upon the sentence "I fell for her", except
       | that you only know the literal meaning of the verb "to fall" so
       | while you understand the words in isolation the sentence remains
       | completely opaque and meaningless to you.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | This Finnish comedian trying to makes sense of the word "shit"
         | illustrates this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXH3HDE9Czo
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Sounds like a foreigner's take on George Carlin's old skit
        
           | salamanderman wrote:
           | That was a fun set! Thank you for posting that.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | One of my biggest epiphanies was realizing how much dumb hit
         | music was actually partially catering to English as a second
         | language speakers for broader appeal.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | sort of like the opposite of hip-hop/rap (think of all the
           | new words meaning "the police" for example)
        
         | lou1306 wrote:
         | Most of the replies here kind of miss the point and talk about
         | _idioms_ (hatching eggs, dropping shoes, etc.). Idioms are
         | indeed hard, but every languages has their own. So, when you
         | meet eggs, shoes or whatever in a discussion that was not about
         | chickens or fashion, you can at least suspect it 's figurative.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, "To fall for someone" is not an idiom but a phrasal
         | verb, and these are (imho) much harder than idioms because they
         | do not "signal" their exceptionality as strongly. How am I
         | supposed to know that "falling for someone" does not involve
         | any actual falling, or that when you "make up with someone" you
         | are not really making anything?
        
         | Giorgi wrote:
         | now imagine reading something from genz slang language: Big
         | Yikes fam, Glow up! Periodt
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | Almost all foreign language studies I know of include a
         | collection of stories / literature where a number of common
         | sayings are from.
         | 
         | Ex: English studies would not be complete without Aesop Fables.
         | Learning the stories is the only way you can understand common
         | phrases / idioms like "sour grapes".
         | 
         | Chinese studies includes Romance of the Three Kingdoms. A
         | Chinese Friend of mine explained the meaning of the phrase
         | "Pour the oil", based on some Sima-Yi / Zhuge Liang story from
         | RotTK. (Which IIRC, means something along the lines of "I'm not
         | going to be a sore loser about this")
         | 
         | Japanese studies include something about an impenetrable shield
         | and the all-penetrating spear, which apparently is the root
         | word for contradict. Using "Google Translate" on this one, "Mao
         | Dun " translates into "Contradict". But "Mao " means Spear, and
         | "Dun " means shield.
         | 
         | So a dumb translation would translate "Mao Dun " into
         | "SpearShield", which is nonsense. But the meaning is "To
         | Contradict".
        
           | morsch wrote:
           | _Ex: English studies would not be complete without Aesop
           | Fables. Learning the stories is the only way you can
           | understand common phrases / idioms like "sour grapes"._
           | 
           | Most of the vocabulary you pick up from context; idioms
           | aren't fundamentally different from other parts of the
           | language in that regard. You don't need to know an idiom's
           | source material to understand its meaning, no more than you
           | need to be aware of a word's etymology to use it. Though it
           | doesn't hurt and it's often fascinating.
        
             | teachrdan wrote:
             | From a practical perspective, I believe the whole point is
             | that an idiom _is_ fundamentally different. If you are a
             | non-native speaker, you can look up a word you don 't know.
             | But if it's an idiomatic phrase, like "waiting for the
             | other shoe to drop," looking up each word in the phrase
             | does you no good. Studying fables etc. is a great way to
             | learn them.
        
               | jquery wrote:
               | You can look up the entire phrase or just ask someone.
               | There's no need to know where it came from, although it
               | might make retention easier, or comprehension better.
               | Nothing beats time spent immersed in the language and
               | just asking questions or looking at context when
               | something seems odd. Living languages aren't static
               | targets either, you'll sound formal or just plain strange
               | if you elevate dictionary definitions over experience and
               | practice with common usage.
        
               | int_19h wrote:
               | In some cases, there's an equivalent idiom in the native
               | language, and while the scenario may be very different,
               | the underlying similarity is readily apparent.
        
               | morsch wrote:
               | These days, you can easily look them up. To viz:
               | https://dict.leo.org/german-
               | english/waiting%20for%20the%20ot...
               | 
               | Interestingly, the first given translation is itself an
               | idiom (lit. "to wait for the thick/fat end"). An idiom I
               | understand, even though I had no idea where it's from; I
               | looked it up, it relates to corporal punishment. The
               | second translation is a more generic one.
        
               | faitswulff wrote:
               | I'm a native English speaker and I actually have no idea
               | where "waiting for the other shoe to drop" comes from,
               | but I know its idiomatic meaning.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Same here, and another one that irritates me is "being
               | left high and dry", which is a bad thing. But I envision
               | high and dry as a good thing, isn't that where you would
               | want to be in a storm or at sea?
               | 
               | Truth be told I never actually looked up where a lot of
               | these idioms come from. I just heard other people using
               | them and then I started to use them too.
        
               | martyvis wrote:
               | But not if you tied your boat up in a harbour, and then
               | when the tide went out, you can't sail it because it is
               | high and dry sitting on it's hull instead of floating.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | A good example of this, in English, is the meaning of the
             | phrase "O.K.", which is "oll komplete", a funny 1700s-era
             | meme when newspapers (at the time) would misspell words on
             | purpose.
             | 
             | Most of those misspellings have been forgotten, but the
             | most common: Oll Komplete (All Complete) was so common, it
             | became ingrained in our language. Today, everyone knows
             | things are Okay, despite not remembering the original
             | story.
             | 
             | -------
             | 
             | Still, learning some degree of stories helps remind us that
             | not all words are to be taken literally in a language. That
             | meanings are assigned based off of shared experiencnes.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > which is "oll komplete"
               | 
               | There is no definitive answer for the etymology of OK -
               | your declaration certainly isn't a fact. And it wasn't in
               | the 1700's.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proposed_etymologie
               | s_o...
        
           | ddalex wrote:
           | Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | This quote sums up my Italian experience. The language is
             | so full of phrases which - like everything - are regional,
             | that Google Translate often just gives up.
             | 
             | My favourite is "in bocca al lupo", which roughly
             | translates to "break a leg" - note the lack of verb.
             | 
             | Also that's the current meaning, which changed over the
             | last century.
             | 
             | On top of that I remember three commonly used gestures two
             | of which look the same to the uninitiated eye on photos.
             | 
             | Overall: his eyes red!
        
             | RangerScience wrote:
             | Was just going to say, reminds me of the classic Trek HFY
             | sequence: https://imgur.com/gallery/qSmHy
             | 
             | "what is the work 'fuck' for", the innocent young vulcans
             | want to know. "surely there are more logical intensity
             | modifiers."
             | 
             | "yeah, you'd think so," say the weary, jaded vulcan
             | professors, " _you 'd really fucking think so._"
        
           | porphyra wrote:
           | Mao Dun  is Chinese.
        
             | cthalupa wrote:
             | Mao Dun  is used the same in Japanese - 'onyomi' words use
             | Chinese readings of hanzi, as opposed to 'kunyomi', which
             | uses the Japanese reading.
             | 
             | Though, as someone who speaks a little Ri Ben Yu  (though
             | nowhere near fluent), I don't quite understand the
             | significance being ascribed here. There are huge numbers of
             | Jukugo ("compound kanji") [which are frequently, but not
             | exclusively, onyomi words] where trying to understand the
             | word as a compound of the kanji/hanzi components would be
             | equally nonsensical, and aren't anything that requires
             | special mention in language learning. Having multiple
             | readings of even a single kanji is also pretty normal, and
             | sometimes those are not all readily apparent from
             | understanding one definition, either. Also plenty of
             | kunyomi words where the reading would end up with a word
             | totally different from the initial kanji/hanzi.
             | 
             | To my knowledge, this is no more due to idioms from
             | culturally significant literature than the word 'novel'
             | being used to describe books and new ideas is.
             | 
             | Edit: Looks like a fable is the origin for the word in
             | Chinese, but no mention of the fable when I learned it in
             | Japanese, or indication that it was any different than any
             | other word where the component hanzi/kanji (or radicals
             | therein) would not make sense as the definition.
        
               | porphyra wrote:
               | The term comes from the ancient text Han Feizi from 3rd
               | century AD China.
               | 
               | It was absorbed into Sino-Japanese vocabulary along with
               | many other Chinese words.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > but no mention of the fable when I learned it in
               | Japanese
               | 
               | I personally learned of it from the Japanese game "Ace
               | Attorney".
               | 
               | There's a spear/shield ornament somewhere as evidence, so
               | the game spends a decent amount of time introducing the
               | myth to the audience. The myth is seen again in Trigun
               | (impenetrable shield was one of the enemies that Vash
               | took down), and again in "Rising of the Shield Hero"
               | where Shield-guy's biggest rival is the Spear-guy.
               | 
               | A lot of Japanese media talk about this spear-vs-shield
               | story. If it was a myth borrowed from China, that still
               | makes sense. (Aesop is Greek after all, but still
               | influenced English).
               | 
               | --------
               | 
               | My overall point is that some words reference stories
               | rather than the actual meaning of the word. Learning the
               | underlying stories can help when learning those
               | languages.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | To me, it's interesting in the "Huh, neat" kind of way in
               | the same way knowing the etymology of "sour grapes" is.
               | At least personally, I don't find it particularly useful
               | for actually learning the language - there's just too
               | many words like this for it to provide me any real
               | advantage, and I'd likely end up confusing myself more
               | when running into the words where there isn't any similar
               | significance. For example, irresponsible/sloppy is 'iiJia
               | Jian ', and Jia  means increase while Jian  means
               | decrease - I could see myself going 'hmm I know the word
               | contradiction is one where the two kanji actually
               | contradict each other... increase and decrease contradict
               | each other, I bet this is it!"
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | That's either a dog's breakfast or the cat's pajamas, but I'm
           | not sure which, or which story holds the explanation.
           | 
           | A lot of slang was invented less than 1000 years ago.
        
           | Koshkin wrote:
           | I can easily imagine a hypothetical version of English that
           | does not borrow words from Latin and in which 'spearshield'
           | would be a verb.
        
           | names_are_hard wrote:
           | kkndve English speaker checking in, I did not know that the
           | phrase "sour grapes" comes from Aesop.
           | 
           | Honestly I only vaguely recall reading a few stories from
           | Aesop when I was in second grade or something. Maybe a story
           | about a wolf and another animal and a river? None of it
           | really stuck.
        
         | monkeybutton wrote:
         | This is one of the arguments against machine translation: one
         | would first need to construct an AGI capable of observing and
         | understanding the living cultural context that language is
         | being used in. Without that, researchers are endlessly having
         | to update the training corpus for the ML system to learn by
         | example.
        
           | heavenlyblue wrote:
           | Machine translation can take the context statistically really
           | well.
        
           | jdmichal wrote:
           | It's not really a great argument. Languages are always
           | evolving, so there's always a need to update the system by
           | ingesting new inputs. Even natural general intelligences, aka
           | us humans, learn by repeatedly ingesting the new inputs and
           | perhaps supplementary data, like an explanation from a friend
           | or maybe urbandictionary.
           | 
           | EDIT: As an example, how much time is dedicated in schools to
           | explaining turns of phrase and such in Shakespeare. Who at
           | least was writing Modern English. Go back to Chaucer and good
           | luck...
        
           | lifthrasiir wrote:
           | I believe machine translation will coevolve with human
           | languages. The utility of machine translation is clear even
           | when the translation is a bit off, so people will be forced
           | to use machine translation anyway and subsequently tweak
           | their own language to have a better chance for machine
           | translators to pick up its meaning. This is actually also a
           | valid strategy to use MT today.
        
             | irrational wrote:
             | I say this both as someone with a degree in linguistics and
             | who has worked as a programmer for decades, there is no way
             | that will happen. People are never going to stop using
             | cultural references, shortened forms, double meanings,
             | puns, abbreviations, slang, etc. just to make machine
             | translation work better.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | SEO'd websites use "Google English".
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | Maybe not stop completely, but certainly in some
               | contexts, e.g. when using machine translation to produce
               | text in a language you can passively understand but don't
               | have a large active vocabulary in.
               | 
               | Which I did just yesterday by putting the text I wanted
               | to convey into Google Translate and then tweaking it
               | until the translation looked reasonable. In the end, I
               | still had to postprocess the output a bit, but I ended up
               | with something which I couldn't have written if starting
               | from scratch, which was entirely worth the small pain of
               | using slightly less colorful language.
        
               | webmaven wrote:
               | _> I say this both as someone with a degree in
               | linguistics and who has worked as a programmer for
               | decades, there is no way that will happen. People are
               | never going to stop using cultural references, shortened
               | forms, double meanings, puns, abbreviations, slang, etc.
               | just to make machine translation work better._
               | 
               | In general you are correct, but there is the special case
               | of a person _using machine translation as a tool_ to try
               | and communicate with someone they don 't share a language
               | with.
               | 
               | Of course, the first approximation is the person
               | performing all the stereotypical monolingual behaviors of
               | speaking extra slowly and loudly, using pseudo-simplified
               | language, accompanied with exaggerated hand gestures that
               | don't really help.
               | 
               | BTW, I've seen people struggling with voice assistants in
               | almost exactly the same way (absent the hand gestures).
               | 
               | But the point is that people modify their language to try
               | and compensate for communication barriers all the time,
               | and it is just a skill, whether it is speaking to
               | children, or foreigners, or code switching to speak to
               | someone in a different class or subculture. Machine
               | translation adds a new wrinkle to the mix, but it isn't
               | all that different.
        
               | lifthrasiir wrote:
               | Of course this is all speculative and I never said
               | intricacies of human languages will disappear, but human
               | is extremely adaptive. Historically there already had
               | been cases where different languages are used for
               | different social contexts, so we can imagine a similar
               | dichitomy between an informal language (not very amenable
               | to MT) and a formal language (amenable to MT).
        
               | runnerup wrote:
               | I attempt this when communicating with Chinese parts of
               | my business where English may not be spoken at all. I
               | also don't know any Chinese.
               | 
               | I will generally run my English emails through machine
               | translation back and forth multiple times until I find
               | phrasing and word choices which are "bistable" (I get
               | back the original English). I'll also usually double
               | check specific critical or unstable words using a variety
               | of translation aids (not machine translation) to ensure
               | any (scope-limited) Chinese I write is actually correct.
               | 
               | We do have one native Chinese on my side of the team, and
               | every time I've had her check the Chinese she says it's
               | correct for our technical domain.
               | 
               | So we really are already at the point where we can
               | communicate across languages with surprisingly low error
               | rates.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Isn't Chinese actually a best case scenario for machine
               | translation, with huge amounts of text available, and
               | little if any variance (no tenses, no persons, no plural,
               | no declinations)?
        
             | JoeDaDude wrote:
             | The (very old) machine translation joke: The computer was
             | asked to translate the phrase: "The spirit is strong but
             | the flesh is weak" into Russian. The output was: "The vodka
             | is great but the meat is rotten".
        
           | andai wrote:
           | GPT-3 handles idioms just fine. Here I tested it on "I fell
           | for her." https://files.catbox.moe/lp6oyg.jpeg
        
             | jchmrt wrote:
             | You're missing the point of the parent comment: GPT-3 can
             | understand this idiom because it was trained on a corpus in
             | which the context for this idiom already existed. If a new
             | idiom would emerge, the system would not necessarily be
             | able to handle it if it can not understand it from the
             | context it was trained on. Therefore, a translating AI
             | needs to be continuously updated.
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | Is that any different than a human? They can be pwnded by
               | new idioms.
        
               | ufmace wrote:
               | I think Humans are pretty good at at least recognizing
               | that a particular phrasing doesn't make sense as a
               | literal statement and so must be a reference to
               | something. Often you can get an idea of what it's meant
               | to mean just by context. Sometimes if you see a dozen or
               | so usages, you get the idea of what it means without ever
               | having it explicitly explained.
        
               | TillE wrote:
               | Good luck accurately machine translating the infinitely
               | growing idiom of jokey Twitter conversation, which most
               | native speakers can pick up pretty quickly.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | One of the main differences between humans and ML is that
               | humans learn in far fewer examples than machines.
               | 
               | "Poverty of the stimulus"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_of_the_stimulus
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Until the models become more sophisticated than human
               | brains. Then humans will need more examples than a
               | machine would to learn the same thing.
        
               | jchmrt wrote:
               | No it isn't of course, but that speaks for the argument
               | that AGI is necessary for human-level translation :)
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Or just an up-to-date GPT?
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Like, for example, "to be pwned", which I believe is not
               | going to be understood by majority of English speakers.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | And even fewer ML proggies.
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Ackshually... :)
               | 
               | https://files.catbox.moe/yvhqwd.jpeg
        
             | biztos wrote:
             | "The speaker became attracted to the person they are
             | talking about" is definitely not the way I (native US
             | English speaker) would explain falling for someone, and any
             | person or robot using it that way is likely to sow
             | confusion.
             | 
             | How does it do with "I fell for it?"
        
               | MauranKilom wrote:
               | "Falling for someone" can mean both "falling in love with
               | someone" and "to be trapped/tricked by someone" according
               | to both my experience and my go-to dictionary [1] [2].
               | "Falling for something" is clearly in the realm of "being
               | tricked" according to [3] (but that source also puts
               | "falling for somebody" squarely on the "love" side of
               | things [4]).
               | 
               | So I would say that, while you may have never heard it
               | used that way, it certainly has that meaning in practice
               | to many people. Don't judge the robot so harshly.
               | 
               | [1]: https://dict.leo.org/pages/addinfo/addInfo.php?aiid=
               | En842ho0...
               | 
               | [2]: https://dict.leo.org/pages/addinfo/addInfo.php?aiid=
               | EKHR2Car...
               | 
               | [3]:
               | https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/fall-
               | for...
               | 
               | [4]:
               | https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/fall-
               | for...
        
               | andai wrote:
               | Passed the test: https://files.catbox.moe/f1b7ar.jpeg
        
           | Victerius wrote:
           | The day a machine can make a meme is the day we reach the
           | singularity.
        
             | Ancapistani wrote:
             | Welcome, to the World of Tomorrow!
             | 
             | https://imgflip.com/ai-meme
        
               | slowmovintarget wrote:
               | It sort of works... https://imgflip.com/i/69gjkt
        
           | mabub24 wrote:
           | "If a lion could speak, we could not understand ( _verstehen_
           | )[0] him."
           | 
           | - Ludwig Wittgenstein, from Philosophical Investigations
           | 
           | [0] Ironically, there is disagreement over the best
           | translation of verstehen. Understand and comprehend have some
           | conceptual overlap, but also some distinctions. The general
           | idea is, though, of understanding in a greater, more all
           | encompassing sense that is only possible when
           | someone/something is no longer alien.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | "We would [understand the Lion]. We're flexible and can get
             | into different perspectives, and we have been close to
             | animal living ourselves for hundreds of thousands of years,
             | plus we watch nature and learn about how lions live and
             | what they do. The lion would have difficulty understanding
             | us, as our world is a superset of its world" - coldtea
        
               | Mawr wrote:
               | Yeah, I think we'd be just fine:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim_Chimpsky
               | 
               | > Nim's longest "sentence" was the 16-word-long "Give
               | orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat
               | orange give me you."
        
             | mwattsun wrote:
             | How would one even attempt to communicate with an octopus?
             | 
             | Alien intelligence: the extraordinary minds of octopuses
             | and other cephalopods
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/28/alien-
             | in...
        
               | jdmichal wrote:
               | It's OK, Contact prepared me for this. We should use
               | math. Have we tried strobing a 2-3-5-7 sequence at one,
               | and see if it gives us 11?
               | 
               | (The above is meant in jest, of course.)
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | > (The above is meant in jest, of course.)
               | 
               | Sounds like a good idea to me. But of course one needs to
               | be open minded, there are other functions that satisfy
               | the same rules. :-)
        
               | runnerup wrote:
               | More seriously, I think humans and other mammals
               | generally can learn to share an "animal" language which
               | uses repetition for bidirectional training (animal to
               | human, human to animal).
               | 
               | Elements used for prediction include: - Predictable
               | timing, both circadian and in relation to circumstantial
               | events - body language - sound patterns - touch patterns
               | - performative actions with environmental objects
               | 
               | It's not so much a "universal" language, but rather that
               | mammals seem to share some semi-universal ability to
               | train each other in these cues and learn them. They can
               | be used for surprisingly rich inter-species communication
               | and over time both parties move a lot of the inference
               | and signaling to their subconscious, no longer even
               | taking active brain power to decipher intent and
               | meanings.
               | 
               | I've also done this when I was working very closely with
               | just myself and one other person and neither of us spoke
               | the others language but we had to get the job done for
               | 8-12 hours every day. We established a system of
               | different grunts and cues that we used first for several
               | weeks. Once that was fluid and we could communicate
               | everything that we needed to, we started
               | replacing/connecting the established grunts with our own
               | language words and that's how we taught eachother the
               | others' language. At least for the domain of our work.
               | 
               | I have no idea if any of these would be possible with
               | cephalopods but I feel like if we had children and baby
               | octopuses raised together they may find reasonably robust
               | ways to communicate intent, feelings, and find the
               | ability to create novel games to play with eachother.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | >learn to share an "animal" language
               | 
               | Aren't there a few primates that have learned sign
               | language?
        
               | wincy wrote:
               | It's hard to say as the further you get away from a
               | common ancestor the more the behavior of different
               | species diverges (maybe a bit tautological, but still
               | worth pointing out).
               | 
               | I played with my pet rat and we were good friends. We'd
               | play little games and I'd tickle her Rats and humans
               | diverged maybe 80 million years ago. Interestingly,
               | humans and dogs diverged perhaps 100 million years ago,
               | and we know we can communicate with dogs.
               | 
               | However an octopus is ~600 million years away from a
               | mutual common ancestor, which is way back in the
               | Precambrian. It's an order of magnitude more time.
        
               | msla wrote:
               | Humans created dogs out of the wolves best able to
               | communicate with humans.
               | 
               | It's been a consistent artificial selection pressure.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | Dogs created civilization out of humans by consistently
               | helping the most cooperative ones. Even today, dog
               | "owners" live longer and attract more mates. It's
               | consistent selection pressure.
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | Dogs even developed facial muscles to communicate with
               | human expressions.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | We could just agree that "to forestand" is a new word that
             | means the same as German "verstehen", and maybe eventually
             | it actually would.
        
               | Koshkin wrote:
               | I do not believe this would make sense. The German 'ver-'
               | has nothing in common with the English 'fore-'.
        
             | avisser wrote:
             | > The general idea is, though, of understanding in a
             | greater, more all encompassing sense that is only possible
             | when someone/something is no longer alien.
             | 
             | I would put forward "grok" as a translation. Your use of
             | "no longer alien" evokes that word all the more.
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | I've read that English is one of the most idiomatic languages.
         | I believe it.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | Or imagine being autistic and taking things way too literally.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I used to work with a lot of Swedes. I learned literal English
         | translations of several Swedish idioms. I don't think any
         | relied on wordplay, so they worked fine as standalone idioms,
         | with some having similar versions in English (holding thumbs
         | vs. crossing fingers).
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > For the English monolinguals reading this, imagine studying
         | English and stumbling upon the sentence "I fell for her",
         | except that you only know the literal meaning of the verb "to
         | fall" so while you understand the words in isolation the
         | sentence remains completely opaque and meaningless to you.
         | 
         | This isn't a great example; from a dictionary perspective there
         | are _three_ words in the sentence  "I fell for her", being "I",
         | "fell for", and "her". Trying to analyze it as the four words
         | "I", "fell", "for", and "her" is doomed to failure[1], because
         | two of those words aren't even present. But if you did know all
         | the words in isolation, you'd have no trouble with the
         | sentence; nothing tricky is going on.
         | 
         | (The four-word analysis actually does work, but it would be an
         | unusual reading, with "for her" being a benefactive
         | construction analogous to "I wrote a song for her".)
         | 
         | [1] You can get a sense of why this analysis can't succeed by
         | trying to relate "her" as used in the sentence to any standard
         | sense of the preposition "for". (
         | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for#Preposition ). None of them
         | work.
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | That YouTube person who learns languages and surprises native
         | speakers discovered this when he had Chinese teachers rate him:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kxfTGbSfqA
         | 
         | It turns out there are a lot of poems, stories, etc a native
         | speaker would learn in school and apply to their speech that a
         | foreign learner might not even know about. One of the teachers
         | compared this to learning Shakespeare, but I don't think it's
         | nearly as involved in day-to-day speech the way it seems to be
         | for native speakers of Chinese languages. I certainly don't
         | know anything about Shakespeare other than what I picked up
         | from Star Trek even though I'm sure I use things that came from
         | his works all the time without knowing.
        
         | pid-1 wrote:
         | I'm 30+ and I can't understand teenagers texting on my own
         | mother language.
        
           | bobsmooth wrote:
           | Bruh
        
             | xdennis wrote:
             | I don't know if this is a reference to the recent South
             | Park episode, but do teenagers really say "bruh" so much? I
             | thought that was something people said a decade ago,
             | although they used to ironically spell it "bra" sometimes.
        
               | mkaic wrote:
               | yeah, 'bruh' has been a thing for the past... 7-8 years
               | now? hit its peak around 2016 but is still going strong.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | The spelling change seems to be indicative of the
               | generation shift (and a slightly different
               | pronunciation). From what (little) exposure I've had to
               | teenagers in recent years "bruh" is "correct" (and "bra"
               | is "ancient" and "bro" is "boring"). Slang usage shifts
               | in weird ways.
        
               | scheme271 wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure it's brah, coming from Hawaiian pidgin.
               | It's a shortening of braddah (i.e. brother).
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | I'm sure both still exist. Slang always is prone to
               | regionalisms and in-group markings. What I've heard (on
               | Xbox voice chat primarily) as commonly used today is
               | "bruh" like much closer to how most people pronounce
               | "duh". I don't know where it originates dialectally other
               | than "often heard in Fortnite and Minecraft".
               | 
               | (Definitely the one closer to my youth came closer to
               | "bra"/"brah", and while some of that was assumed to be
               | surfer-originated, I can't tell you how much it was
               | related to Hawaiian pigdin or just convergent
               | evolutionary vowel shifts.)
        
               | LordDragonfang wrote:
               | I can confirm that "bruh" is very popular with at least
               | the teens I interact with through online games, yes.
        
             | ta8903 wrote:
             | no cap frfr
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | No cap, there was a translation of Beowulf a few years ago
             | that deadass translated the first word of the saga,
             | "Hwaet", as "Bro!" (like how a drunk storyteller sitting
             | next to you at the bar might say "Bro, listen to this shit"
             | instead of the more staid/traditional openers like
             | "Harken!")
        
               | R0b0t1 wrote:
               | Fr fr no cap that shit bussin dawg, gotta relate to the
               | chilluns mang
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | >I'm sure most foreign language students will sympathize with
         | the very frustrating and demoralizing situation where you read
         | a sentence, understand every single word but you still have
         | absolutely no idea what it's trying to convey because you're
         | missing some idiom, reference or alternative meaning of one of
         | the words.
         | 
         | I know someone who _won 't_ sympathize with this difficulty, as
         | he insisted on an obscure abortion joke in the man page for
         | abort(), which will come off as super confusing to anyone who
         | doesn't know the reference.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17015644
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | RMS has been known to make the odd comment (once or twice)
           | where raising awareness of an important idea takes priority
           | over immediate convenience. That doesn't mean he
           | unsympathetic to challenges of foreign languages.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | If the documentation is intended to be used as a technical
             | reference by people who won't get the reference, that is,
             | by its nature, unsympathetic to the people who will be
             | using it, no matter what he claims -- and I don't think he
             | has ever _actually_ shown how he's weighed such concerns.
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | > I'm sure most foreign language students will sympathize with
         | the very frustrating and demoralizing situation where you read
         | a sentence, understand every single word but you still have
         | absolutely no idea what it's trying to convey because you're
         | missing some idiom, reference or alternative meaning of one of
         | the words.
         | 
         | It's actually pretty rare, at least for me when I was learning
         | English. Usually I would understand from the context what the
         | idiom must mean, but not necessarily what each word means.
         | 
         | For example: "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"
         | was pretty obvious, but "hatched" was a new word for me in this
         | meaning, I only knew about the door thingy not "hatching from
         | eggs".
         | 
         | I think there's 2 styles of learning - breadth-first and depth-
         | first. My wife is a depth-first learner. She would look up
         | every definition as many levels down as needed before going to
         | the next part. It drove me crazy when I studied with her
         | because my stack would overflow.
         | 
         | I try to understand the general idea, look how it works, and
         | only then go down into details. She was very frustrated with
         | this because she couldn't deal with "details we ignore for
         | now".
         | 
         | In language learning I think depth-first is a bad idea, because
         | meaning of the details change with context. So when I learn a
         | language I don't even look up unfamiliar words if I can still
         | guess the general meaning. After encountering a word many times
         | in different contexts you get intuition on what it means and
         | how it's used much better than if you looked it up and took the
         | first meaning as gospel.
        
           | _kst_ wrote:
           | > For example: "don't count your chickens before they're
           | hatched" was pretty obvious, but "hatched" was a new word for
           | me in this meaning, I only knew about the door thingy not
           | "hatching from eggs".
           | 
           | Nearly monolingual English speaker here.
           | 
           | I'm very familiar with the noun "hatch" meaning a kind of
           | door, and the verb "hatch" meaning to emerge from an egg. But
           | until just now I had never noticed that they're spelled and
           | pronounced the same way. (And apparently they're
           | etymologically unrelated.)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Also native English speaker.
             | 
             | One thing I learned recently is the etymologies of the
             | words for "Orange".
             | 
             | The Orange Order is a fraternal order in Northern Ireland
             | named in honour of the (Dutch) William of Orange, whose
             | title is from the Principality of Orange (in what is now
             | southern France), named after the city of Orange, whose
             | name reached that after a few rounds of minor corruption
             | from the Gaulish "Arausio" meaning cheek or temple.
             | 
             | The Orange Order likes the colour orange. I don't know
             | where on that etymological chain the connection stops, but
             | the word for the colour is derived from the fruit, the
             | fruit has the name "an orange" as a corruption of "a
             | norange" (except the language this happened in varies from
             | English, French, Spanish and Italian depending who I ask,
             | so might have been "une norenge" but all the stories agree
             | the "n" shifted), that from the Arabic naranj, and that is
             | apparently fairly close to the Dravidian root word.
             | 
             | Returning to William of Orange, the Dutch word for the
             | fruit is "Sinaasappel" - Chinese Apple. And of course,
             | "Mandarin" is the English words for both a type of orange
             | and a branch of the Chinese language.
        
               | d13 wrote:
               | Interesting... in Bangalore fruit vendors call loose-
               | skinned oranges "Nar Oranges" and apparently the first
               | plantation of these was in Narpur, introduced from China.
               | In South Africa these same kinds of oranges are called
               | nartjies.
        
           | simias wrote:
           | I remember that reading bash.org 15 or so years ago was
           | pretty hard for me, because many puns and slang was confusing
           | or ambiguous for me. I wish I remembered specific examples.
           | 
           | Well actually I do have one from that time, but not from
           | bash.org: when I started playing nethack I remember being
           | confused because the game would describe foul foodstuffs as
           | "tasting terrible", but in colloquial French (my native
           | language) "terrible" is often used as a positive adjective
           | (much like "awesome" shifted from meaning "inspiring terror"
           | to "excellent" in the English vernacular).
           | 
           | So, when the game says that something "tastes terrible", does
           | it mean that it tastes awful or awesome? I now know the
           | answer, but back then it wasn't so obvious.
        
             | myrion wrote:
             | This reminds me of one of my favourite quotes from Pterry
             | and the Discworld:
             | 
             | Elves are wonderful. They provoke wonder.
             | 
             | Elves are marvellous. They cause marvels.
             | 
             | Elves are fantastic. They create fantasies.
             | 
             | Elves are glamorous. They project glamour.
             | 
             | Elves are enchanting. They weave enchantment.
             | 
             | Elves are terrific. They beget terror.
             | 
             | The thing about words is that meanings can twist just like
             | a snake, and if you want to find snakes look for them
             | behind words that have changed their meaning.
        
               | scubbo wrote:
               | GNU Terry Pratchett.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Perhaps a better example would be "he was born on third base
           | and thought he hit a home run," vs. "he was born with a
           | silver spoon in his mouth." The latter is easy to figure out
           | but unless you know about baseball it's hard to figure out
           | the first.
        
             | ajuc wrote:
             | Idioms can be hard when they are presented in abstract like
             | that. But if somebody said "Trump calls himself a genius
             | businessman. He was born on third base and thought he hit a
             | home run." I would know what it means no problem.
             | 
             | That's what I meant by guessing from context.
        
             | JohnBooty wrote:
             | The latter is easy to figure out
             | 
             | That misquote would confuse even somebody who knows
             | baseball. The actual quote is, "There are many people who
             | don`t know what real pressure is. Some people are born on
             | third base and go through life thinking they hit a triple."
             | 
             | https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-
             | xpm-1986-12-14-860403...
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | True, though "thinking they hit a home run" is a nice
               | extension of the same concept: not only do they think
               | that they deserve what they got for no effort, but are
               | actually angry that they didn't get more.
               | 
               | (Coincidentally, I used exactly that expression,
               | precisely that way, earlier today. Unless somehow the OP
               | read what I wrote, which isn't impossible.)
        
               | spoonjim wrote:
               | Haha of course.
        
         | aldebran wrote:
         | Sokath, his eyes open!
        
         | heavenlyblue wrote:
         | Idioms are a part of a regular curriculum as much as just plain
         | meanings of works.
         | 
         | Another example would by Troy, which was a mythological city
         | until it's location was discovered.
        
       | rappatic wrote:
       | For what it's worth, I've also seen someone interpret this joke
       | as related to prostitutes and windows (as Sumerian bars were
       | apparently also brothels). I think this just goes to show how
       | much one needs to understand about a society's culture to fully
       | understand its jokes.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | For the reference, a reply to this thread [1] discusses that
         | particular explanation.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://twitter.com/LinManuelRwanda/status/15058362781090611...
        
       | avsteele wrote:
       | Translation _is_ hard, for mostly-dead languages too. I recall
       | this essay by Tolkien on translating Beowulf
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf
        
         | neaden wrote:
         | For refference, here is the opening of Beowulf written in
         | English about a thousand years ago: "Hwaet. We Gardena in
         | geardagum, theodcyninga, thrym gefrunon, hu da aethelingas
         | ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceathena threatum, monegum
         | maegthum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas. Syddan aerest weard
         | feasceaft funden, he thaes frofre gebad, weox under wolcnum,
         | weordmyndum thah, odthaet him aeghwylc thara ymbsittendra ofer
         | hronrade hyran scolde, gomban gyldan. thaet waes god cyning.
         | daem eafera waes aefter cenned, geong in geardum, thone god
         | sende folce to frofre; fyrendearfe ongeat the hie aer drugon
         | aldorlease lange hwile." While you can kind of guess at some of
         | the words and sounds, it's basically unreadable to a modern
         | speaker.
         | 
         | Now here is the beginning of Canterbury Tales, written about
         | 600 years ago: "Whan that Aprille with his shoures soote, The
         | droghte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every
         | veyne in swich licour Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
         | Whan Zephirus eek with his swete breeth Inspired hath in every
         | holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in
         | the Ram his halfe cours y-ronne, And smale foweles maken
         | melodye, That slepen al the nyght with open ye, So priketh hem
         | Nature in hir corages, Thanne longen folk to goon on
         | pilgrimages, And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes, To
         | ferne halwes, owthe in sondry londes; And specially, from every
         | shires ende Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende, The hooly
         | blisful martir for to seke, That hem hath holpen whan that they
         | were seeke." Still very difficult, but you can probably
         | understand the gist of it.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This isn't just a problem for ancient languages and modern
       | foreign languages. It's a problem for languages you speak
       | fluently. And the implications are a lot bigger than
       | understanding a joke.
       | 
       | Consdier a sentence like "Tim just squealed like a pig low key,
       | actual" [1]. Throw in a few more choice phrases like "L plus
       | ratio", "copium" and "dead ass" and someone from a few yers ago
       | will have issues decoding all that. Many current people will be
       | lost.
       | 
       | Words also disappear (eg [2]). Old English is essentially a
       | different language. Middle English can be hars to parse.
       | 
       | ~230 years ago the Bill of Rights became part of the US
       | Constitution. The Firs Amendment [3] includes this text:
       | 
       | > Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
       | religion ...
       | 
       | "Establish" here at that time had a very specific meaning that
       | differs from the current vernacular. This sprung from Britain
       | where the Anglican Church was the Established church. That means
       | it was responsible for registering births, deaths and marriages.
       | Catholics, for example, would often get married twice: once in a
       | Catholic church and a second time in an Anglican ceremony so it
       | was official.
       | 
       | The framers here wanted to guard against there being an
       | "official" religion in the nascent United States. All such
       | official institutions were to be civil not religious.
       | 
       | Knowing this history makes this language more understandable yet
       | an established religion is not something we in the West have
       | dealt with in some time so the meaning has changed to the more
       | general sense.
       | 
       | You can also have this discussion about the phrase "well-
       | regulated militia" with respect to the Second Amendment too but
       | that's a whole other topic.
       | 
       | The point remains: language drift has and will affect legal
       | meanings and interpretations.
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/DrDisrespectLive/comments/sy26j7/ti...
       | 
       | [2]: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-30-lost-
       | english-...
       | 
       | [3]: https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/first_amendment
        
       | Namari wrote:
       | The "pun" in Sumerian is centred on the fact that the verb "to
       | see" also literally means "open (one's) eye".
        
         | godDLL wrote:
         | Kinda similar to "look out" in English.
        
       | enw wrote:
       | Can someone share the tweet here?
       | 
       | Unable to see it.
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | Even live languages have words, that are often used in normal
       | speech, but cannot optimally be translated to other languages,
       | and carry no real meaning on their own, except in some cases set
       | the tone.
       | 
       | eg. "bre" in serbian is one of those words, where "nemoj da jedes
       | to" i "nemoj bre da jedes to" mean basically the same thing
       | ("don't eat that").
        
         | daptaq wrote:
         | I always thought of it as a kind of more abstract "bro"?
        
         | tomerv wrote:
         | Another example: !Vamos! It's kind of like "let's go", but
         | carries more weight than its English translation. Some other
         | languages have similar idioms for hurrying people up, but some
         | languages simply don't.
        
           | imajoredinecon wrote:
           | Including the indispensable https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/
           | %D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9...
        
         | contravariant wrote:
         | Even English has words with similar properties, compare for
         | instance "don't eat that" and "don't fucking eat that".
        
         | bradrn wrote:
         | I don't know Serbo-Croatian at all, but Wiktionary suggests
         | colloquial English interjections like 'man', 'the hell' as
         | adequate translations: 'don't eat that, man!'.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | It sounds like what's called an 'emphatic particle', in Hindi
           | at least (to, 'to') which marks the topic or shifts emphasis
           | in a sentence.
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | > "bre"
         | 
         | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bre#Serbo-Croatian
        
       | tatrajim wrote:
       | One of my favorites in East Asia, well-known to everyone in China
       | and Korea
       | 
       | Si Mian Chu Ge  = samyeoncoga
       | 
       | "Four sides, Chu songs"
       | 
       | Refers to the conclusion of a bitter campaign in the 3rd century
       | BCE for dominion in China. The famed general Xiang Yu (Xiang Yu )
       | heard the singing of enemy soldiers of the enemy state of Chu and
       | instantly grasped that he was doomed.
       | 
       | The phrase, used with cheerful irony, is very useful in many
       | contemporary situations!
        
       | shantnutiwari wrote:
       | It pisses me off people write long things like as a Tweet rather
       | than a blog. I have to scroll over a dozen tweets before being
       | hit by the "you need to login" popup.
       | 
       | Serious question: Is there a reason for something like this to be
       | on Twitter? This looks like the textbook definition of something
       | that should be in a blog.
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | >Is there a reason for something like this to be on Twitter?
         | 
         | Easy to catch audience. Yes, you can make a blog post and tweet
         | a link. But tweets without links get more engagement and reach.
         | (Something that can be attributed to users or/and site's
         | algorithm.)
        
         | neaden wrote:
         | People don't owe you free stuff in your preferred format. It's
         | on Twitter presumably because the author likes to put stuff on
         | Twitter.
        
         | throwntoday wrote:
         | I think a blog would be held to more scrutiny than a series of
         | tweets. The latter seems to give authors a way to rant about a
         | topic without providing much in the way of exposition.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | Turn off cookies for *.twitter.com and it'll stop bothering
         | you.
         | 
         | (You shouldn't have to, but take a minute to do this and
         | Twitter links will be tolerable going forward.)
        
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