[HN Gopher] Two-minute battery changes push India's delivery rid...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Two-minute battery changes push India's delivery riders to switch
       to e-scooters
        
       Author : rustoo
       Score  : 172 points
       Date   : 2022-03-21 19:45 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theprint.in)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theprint.in)
        
       | mulmen wrote:
       | When I was in Taiwan we saw Gogoro scooters in the wild. The
       | battery is swapped at a kiosk in a couple of minutes. Riders pay
       | a subscription for the scooter and access to the battery kiosk.
       | 
       | Seems like a really great option. I would _love_ to have that in
       | my city. We have dockless bicycles and scooters but a more
       | capable and personal option would be awesome. I 'd sign up in a
       | heartbeat.
       | 
       | Sadly my city planners do not seem aware of motorcycles as a
       | transportation option. We have no laws or infrastructure to
       | encourage them or take advantage of the benefits. At a state
       | level we at least get to cut ferry lines, but that seems to be
       | the only perk.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | The engineering company I work briefly passed over few
         | proposals from South Asian companies deploying them. We worked
         | on electric bikes, but decided to pass on a real road going
         | scooter as we have near no vehicle experience besides
         | individual electronic components.
         | 
         | Both leading battery swap standards in India are from Taiwan.
         | One is GoGoRo as you said, and another is Ionex.
         | 
         | Ionex based scooters usually have more in the roadgoing
         | department, and GoGoRo more in internet/app features.
         | 
         | GoGoRo is founded by a Taiwanese guy who worked for a famous
         | company in America, thus he is using his fame to get big money
         | from financial funds. Manufacturing is mostly OEM.
         | 
         | Ionex is made by an established player -- Kymco
         | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDNKQ18-QYY,) and has more
         | firm standing in the industry. They have their own parts, and
         | share service centres with their petrol scooters. The later is
         | a very big thing in India, and South Asia in general.
         | 
         | The biggest impediment for both turned out to be India road.
         | Taiwanese scooters with tiny wheels don't fare well anywhere
         | outside of big cities.
         | 
         | Rural Indians really prefer classic motorcycles -- cheap,
         | repairable, no exotic parts. The "app" things doesn't sell at
         | all either. The only useful function for many on smart scooters
         | is a theft alarm + GPS.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | vondur wrote:
         | In that case, it would be awesome to have some sort of standard
         | battery for e-bikes, scooters, etc. Then you can just stop by
         | some battery switching place swap one out on demand.
        
           | noahtallen wrote:
           | The other amazing benefit for this plan is that batteries are
           | expected to fail and loose capacity after a few years. So
           | being able to easily swap the most vulnerable component is
           | awesome for long-term repairability!
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | We have subscription escooters which seem tempting to me, but
         | the costs never pencil out. They end up being as much as the
         | scooter within a years time or so, plus you are on the hook if
         | some major damage or theft happens. Whats the point of that
         | then? Might as well look for someone who will let you finance
         | an ebike and put it on your renters or homeowners insurance for
         | protection at that rate.
        
           | codazoda wrote:
           | My wife and I just rode Lime scooters in San Francisco and I
           | was shocked by the cost. We rode about 4 miles in 45 minutes.
           | When we got off, we were charged $60 (about $30 each). We
           | could have taken Uber or Lyft for less.
           | 
           | They have 1-hour and 1-day options, but I was told by CS
           | (after) that the 1-hour pass only includes 30-minutes of
           | actual riding. Uhg.
           | 
           | I might buy one, because they are so fun, but I probably
           | won't rent one again.
           | 
           | I'm talking stand on scooters vs the sit on motorcycle type
           | ones.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Lime and other scooters in SF used to have much less
             | expensive subscription options, but they've all recently
             | dropped them for much more expensive ones.
             | 
             | Bay Wheels bike annual subscription is worth it but only if
             | you use them regularly (like commuting/weekends).
        
             | thatfrenchguy wrote:
             | I think the point of those things, at least for the ebikes,
             | is to rip off the tourists to compensate for the locals who
             | have a subscription?
        
               | a9h74j wrote:
               | Bright side for tourists: No windows to break in the
               | rental.
        
             | ceeplusplus wrote:
             | I think these are intended more for transportation than
             | riding around (unlike the BayWheels type stuff). I used to
             | commute to work on my own scooter and it only takes 15
             | minutes or less to ride 4 miles on the road. My commute in
             | the morning was just under 3 miles and downhill so I
             | usually managed in 8 minutes.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | The point of that is that renting confers specific benefits
           | that make it worthwhile despite the downsides. First off, no
           | need to charge. Not the worst thing but there's nothing worse
           | than running out of battery because you forgot to charge it.
           | Additionally, no maintenance - the company employs mechanics
           | that are better positioned to fix the scooters. Finally, no
           | need to have the scooter with you - just use it whenever you
           | want, in one direction, and then not have to lug a scooter
           | with you for the rest of the day. Or, if you didn't ride it
           | in, you can't use it for the rest of the day. If it's raining
           | in the morning but clear in the evening, you don't have the
           | scooter to ride home unless you rode it in for your morning
           | commute.
           | 
           | Now, you may not find that list enough to offset the
           | downsides compared to buying your own, but judging from their
           | seeming success, I'm not the only person that's done the math
           | and intentionally chooses renting a scooter as-needed.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Access to credit is not as easy in India. This is just a
           | straightforward capex to opex transformation that people can
           | intuitively grasp. Combine that with no minimum commitment
           | and it's transparent to them what expenses are, what income
           | is, and what net income is.
           | 
           | Indian users are very price-sensitive and there are extensive
           | discussion networks running the numbers on these. They won't
           | use these services unless it makes financial sense.
        
           | thebean11 wrote:
           | - Quick battery swapping
           | 
           | - No maintenance or upgrade cost
           | 
           | - Low upfront cost
           | 
           | - Low commitment
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Still cheaper to own. Maintenance with ebikes is not going
             | to be very much. Throw lube on the chain every once in a
             | while and have the bike shop do tires and brakes once every
             | two years. Honestly you could buy a brand new $1200 ebike a
             | year for the prices the services around me ask for their
             | most basic plans which have mileage limits, and require a
             | deposit anyhow. You can also turn around and sell your new
             | ebike anytime, not much lock in or commitment there whereas
             | I'm putting my blind faith in the fact that this particular
             | subscription service will be easy to cancel (history says
             | otherwise).
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Where is "around you"? The economics in India might be a
               | lot different (ie relatively more expensive scooters,
               | cheaper labor)
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | You can buy an ebike for 1,000 or less. You can pay
               | 99/month for typical ebike monthly rental.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ceeplusplus wrote:
               | You're not getting a high quality ebike for $1200. I had
               | a $600 e-scooter (Segway ES4) and by the time I hit 500+
               | miles on it the screws were falling off, the external
               | battery connection was corroding, and the bottom
               | floorboard light connection had broken.
               | 
               | I just checked and the Ninebot Max is $949 on Segway's
               | website and that's got a smaller battery than most
               | ebikes. And I'd be willing to be that that scooter would
               | also break down just like mine.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | >Still cheaper to own.
               | 
               | Bay Wheels is $159/year and about $2.00 a ride, meaning
               | you would need to ride 520 times that year before it
               | became cheaper to own. Also for regular bikes it's free
               | each ride.
               | 
               | That's ignoring that decent e-bikes are more expensive
               | than $1200, the stress of having to lug around and
               | securely park your property, the depreciation of the
               | batteries, as well as any insurance & deductible costs
               | you'll encounter for when (not if) it gets stolen.
               | 
               | It's hands down better to be able to hop-on and -off
               | wherever you want with an ebike than to deal with owning
               | one in SF.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mkehrt wrote:
           | The value subscriptions (bikes/ebikes for me in SF) is in not
           | having to worry about it. I can bike to anywhere in the city
           | and generally leave the bike there and walk or bus. Or I can
           | do the reverse. I'm also not on the hook for maintenance.
           | 
           | It's a very different thing than owning.
           | 
           | Edit: I want to be clear that this is about the economics and
           | ease of owning vs renting, not the particular prices. Lyft
           | bikes have memberships+rental fees or just rental fees, and
           | they can be pretty expensive, but so can buying an ebike.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | The biggest benefit of using the Bay Wheels subscription
             | over owning is not having to worry about your e-bike being
             | stolen. It's definitely worth it at the price point it's
             | currently at.
             | 
             | The only downside is that as people return to the bay, the
             | e-bikes (and bikes) are going to become more and more
             | scarce at docks.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | You can take it anywhere and just leave it? Middle of the
             | road? Under a bridge? Random backyard? That sounds useful
             | but how often do you not need transportation back from
             | where you came? If you leave the bike how easy is it to run
             | into another bike someone randonly left?
        
               | mkehrt wrote:
               | I can leave an ebike on a random sidewalk, as long as it
               | is not blocking the way, for a $2 fee, or at a dock, of
               | which there are many, for free.
               | 
               | How often do I do this? Probably once a week. Bike out to
               | the beach, walk or bus back. Bike to the grocery store,
               | lyft back. Go on a walk after work, not have to worry
               | about getting home.
               | 
               | How easy is it too find one? Pretty easy. There are docks
               | everywhere, and an app that shows me where bikes are
               | left.
        
               | riquito wrote:
               | It's not really up to discussion, that it works it's
               | proven, it's a system in use in many cities. If you have
               | enough bikes/cars, you will tend to have one available in
               | an acceptable range of time and space. If you go to the
               | outskirts of the city, you don't "release" the bike/car
               | and pay more to have the guarantee to be able to go back.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | phreeza wrote:
           | Wait, you are on the hook for theft?? Just while you are
           | logged in, or for what period of time?
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | You get billed a fee apparently:
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/cycling/comments/kon8hr/i_just_had
             | _...
        
         | crate_barre wrote:
         | You almost need a scooter in these large third world mega
         | cities. The streets are narrow as hell, they can't really
         | handle cars. On the flip side. Cars are stuck in traffic all
         | day and rarely get to cruising speeds without making a left
         | turn into another traffic jam. Scooters let you move around in
         | that clusterfuck and no car is moving fast enough to kill you.
         | Good luck staying safe in scooter in America though.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tomcam wrote:
           | > large third world mega cities.
           | 
           | But enough about Los Angeles
        
           | Hypocritelefty wrote:
        
         | blamazon wrote:
         | In this 2 minute video demonstrating a Gogoro swap the rider
         | goes from opening their seat to having a fresh battery and
         | ready to ride in about 50 seconds:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W34k0nrrDQA
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | Do you know what causes the slight wait before getting fresh
           | batteries ? some checks ?
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | Probably some sort of authentication and status checks of
             | the inserted batteries.
        
           | abraxas wrote:
           | The batteries don't look all that big. Do you know what the
           | range is on a fresh pair?
        
             | KerrickStaley wrote:
             | I would typically plan for 60 km between swaps, which
             | includes a healthy error margin (I owned a Gogoro 2+ when I
             | lived in Taiwan a year ago). Gogoro advertises 110 km but
             | that is at 25 kph which is unrealistically slow.
             | 
             | 60 km actually goes quite far in Taiwan, which isn't a very
             | big place compared to eg the United States. Gogoro has an
             | extensive network and you only range limited in rural areas
             | like the east coast or the central mountains.
        
           | 14 wrote:
           | I wonder how long before someone comes up with a fake battery
           | pack that looks identical and registers as having a higher
           | battery power then it actually does and has fewer cells
           | internally so they can take the real higher power more cells
           | genuine battery and leave behind a fake on that barely works.
           | Like fake memory cards you can get from wish.com that state
           | they have much higher memory then what they actually have.
        
             | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
             | You're not going to get much repeat business if you hand
             | out crappy batteries. It seems like incentives are decently
             | well-aligned here.
             | 
             | I guess you might be able to scam the rechargers themselves
             | if you want to "return" a knock off. But if I were them I
             | would put tamper resistant asset tags on my batteries and
             | ensure that whatever battery im taking back is the same as
             | the one I handed out.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | It's the same as any kind of theft really. You probably get
             | away with it to start but eventually the loss becomes great
             | enough that the company pays attention and starts tracking
             | it down. And if you have been doing this on a large scale
             | you could be looking at serious criminal theft.
        
             | markdown wrote:
             | About as long as it would take for Gogoro to put a camera
             | on their battery kiosks.
        
             | imhoguy wrote:
             | And get life ban for the subscription. I think these
             | batteries are properly sealed and their ROI is pretty
             | quick. Much more benefit is from that rapid electricity
             | transfer/exchange.
        
             | stingrae wrote:
             | This is relatively straight forward to prevent with signed
             | certificates stored on a secure coprocessor.
        
             | silvestrov wrote:
             | Each battery can have a serial number and an embedded ARM
             | chip and the charger be connected to the internet.
             | 
             | So the central server will reject the battery if it can't
             | authenticate with the proper RSA private key, or that key
             | is already online somewhere else.
             | 
             | Just like creditcards with chips are validated each time.
        
               | phh wrote:
               | I uh, don't see the point?
               | 
               | You have the charging electronics which will tell you
               | very quickly when a battery is dead, and you know which
               | subscriber gave you the faulty battery. Sure faulty
               | batteries can happen naturally (and accidentally), two
               | faulty batteries though should be statistically enough to
               | trigger an investigation from the company.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | I think the idea is that the battery reports voltage like
               | a mostly charged normal battery for just long enough for
               | you to leave the scene with a good battery.
               | 
               | Ideally this would be coupled with lax device receipt
               | keeping so while the company could tell that one of these
               | thousand customers that used the kiosk that day returned
               | the faulty battery it'd be hard to pinpoint a specific
               | wrong doer.
               | 
               | That said, it feels like the margins on this would be low
               | enough to make it not worth the effort.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Finally, an edge case where I would support hardware DRM
               | for cryptographic attestation purposes.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | You don't even need to go that far with the on-board
               | hardware. Just track battery exchange history with
               | charging pattern data, and identify offenders.
               | 
               | Bad actors can spoof the battery charge reader, but it's
               | much harder to spoof the juice out of the charger.
        
               | ffhhj wrote:
               | Battery tracking leads to ads. Ads lead to the dark
               | patterns of the force.
        
             | neurostimulant wrote:
             | Thankfully someone with such skill will be very unlikely to
             | commit petty theft like this when there are more profitable
             | endeavors to pursue with their skill.
        
               | cyberbanjo wrote:
               | No way! Just because you're skillful doesn't mean you're
               | property utilized, or even (easily) utilizable, due to
               | other issues. I met plenty handy unemployed without
               | steady housing.
        
         | ankraft wrote:
         | We have several escooter services in The Netherlands (GO
         | Sharing, Check, felyx, etc.) which are operating in the larger
         | city's. It's all subscription based and not that expensive
         | comparing to owning a scooter with these current gas prices.
         | 
         | The batteries are swapped at location and transported to and
         | from the nearest chargestation. You have to take a photo when
         | entering and leaving the scooter through the app. An
         | investigation will be started by the issuer when a scooter got
         | damaged. The last driver will not be responsible if it can't be
         | proved that the driver did the damage.
        
       | scalablenotions wrote:
       | I've thought for a long time that battery swapping is the only
       | way to go for all electric vehicles. A subscription or pay-as-
       | you-go service for battery changing is practical and would make
       | battery replacements costing tens of thousands of dollars a non-
       | thing. I know some batteries are heavy, but if stations can
       | provide petroleum pumps, then they can provide mechanized battery
       | exchange infrastructure, right? Bring on the ISO standards for
       | vehicle batteries!
       | 
       | Does anyone have any reason why this wouldn't work? Perhaps parts
       | being stolen from the rental batteries before they're returned or
       | some such?
        
         | stetrain wrote:
         | You add more weight by making the pack easily removable, and
         | you need battery standardization.
         | 
         | If every brand or every model has a different pack size, then
         | swap stations aren't very scalable.
         | 
         | If you standardize pack sizes, then some cars will have less
         | range than they could, given that they could fit a larger pack.
         | 
         | It makes a lot of sense for the relatively small, light, and
         | inexpensive scooters. The packs can be hand carried, and
         | different vehicles can just have slots one, two, or three packs
         | as needed.
         | 
         | You aren't trying to squeeze 300-400 miles out of a scooter by
         | packing every inch of the frame with batteries. "Good enough"
         | is perfectly fine for urban scooters.
         | 
         | And I think the reality is that it just won't be economically
         | viable for large cars. We are quickly reaching the point where
         | the battery packs will last the lifetime of the car, and
         | roadtrip charging stops are falling under 20 minutes.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | Having worked around propane cylinders a standardized battery
         | pack sure seems like a no-brainer to me. It adds value to the
         | EV because the useful lifetime is no coupled less closely to
         | the lifetime of the battery pack.
         | 
         | Advances in battery chemistry and charging could be rolled-out
         | across "legacy" fleets of EVs by upgrading the charging
         | stations and batteries in circulation. The EVs themselves
         | remain unchanged.
         | 
         | I feel like planned obsolescence is a "feature" of current
         | EV's, in part by integrating the battery pack so deeply into
         | the design. There would weight/efficiency trade-offs in
         | standardizing on a battery pack but it's not like there isn't
         | value returned by way of faster "recharges", increased service
         | lifetime of the EV, and the potential to take advantage of new
         | battery/charging technology.
         | 
         | It also seems like rapid battery change stations would be a
         | great "pivot" for existing gas stations and truck stops, and
         | something they could move into slowly (convert a portion of
         | their dispensers over to battery change rigs as the Customer
         | base shifts from ICE to EV).
        
       | lkxijlewlf wrote:
       | I recall, oh maybe 15 or so years ago, there was an, I believe,
       | Israeli inventor who proposed doing this for cars. Not sure what
       | happened to it, but I think that's something that should be
       | looked into more. I know, most auto OEMs like to build the car
       | around the battery (for structural soundness), but if I could
       | just pull in and have my battery swapped while on a road trip,
       | that would be amazing.
        
         | ihumanable wrote:
         | I believe you are remembering the same thing I'm remembering,
         | it was called BetterPlace
         | 
         | Here's a TED Talk about it from 2009
         | https://www.ted.com/talks/shai_agassi_a_new_ecosystem_for_el...
         | 
         | They went bankrupt in 2013
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | Do you like how that little thing in the bottom corner flips
       | constantly? You don't find it distracting at all do you? The
       | person who did that should be shot.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Back when electric vehicles were the most popular automobile,
       | battery changes were used to keep electric trucks and taxis on
       | the road longer. Some companies were around 20 years just doing
       | electric vehicle battery changes and service. This was called
       | Power-as-a-Service, or PaaS.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_electric_vehicl...
        
       | heavenlyblue wrote:
       | > Some battery developers are also opposed to standardizing power
       | packs anytime soon because the technology is evolving rapidly and
       | India could switch to the more efficient and environmentally
       | friendly sodium-ion batteries from the lithium-ion ones favored
       | by e-rickshaw makers.
       | 
       | I do not think that is true. This is what all of them say
       | whenever standardisation comes into the argument. However
       | obviously they use that to lock the customers in.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | That makes no sense. With new battery tech, it's typically the
         | chargers that absorb the complexity, the load is just a load.
         | 
         | So the scooters should be able to handle the new batteries just
         | fine, and it would be on the network operator to upgrade the
         | charging kiosks accordingly. It'd be much easier to rolling-
         | upgrade batteries in a swappable fleet than to call fixed-
         | battery scooters into the shop and swap each one out, as well.
        
           | L_Rahman wrote:
           | As the parent says, arguments like these are always a scheme
           | to lock customers into proprietary standards. It's
           | frustrating that companies still think they can get away with
           | this.
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | Standardization is not in chemistry or the tech itself. It is
           | in voltage/amps and the physical dimensions we already do
           | this with AA and AAA batteries.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | That is where the government/standards bodies are important. It
         | is in everyone's collective benefit to standardize as the whole
         | market will expand.
         | 
         | As quoted in the article this piece is what the finance
         | minister highlighted in her budget speech last month as being
         | important to get in place.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | This is the game changer that could turn cities into EV dominated
       | spaces. Imagine if every convenience store had a rack of these
       | out front. It would be even faster to get a charged EV than even
       | to gas up an ICE car at the pump.
       | 
       | These are the things that start becoming possible if we let our
       | idea of an EV move beyond a 4000lb automobile to move your maybe
       | 200lb self. You would have to use a technician to service a car
       | sized EV and swap out the batteries even if they dropped right
       | out easily, just due to the to weight of them. An entire
       | infrastructure that would have to be built just to move around
       | 3800 unnecessary lbs anytime you wanted to go anywhere at all.
       | Meanwhile, if people were merely happy with something the size of
       | an e scooter, converting the population to EVs starts getting a
       | lot simpler just in terms of the physics of it all, and simple
       | low hanging fruit innovations like this are possible.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > These are the things that start becoming possible if we let
         | our idea of an EV move beyond a 4000lb automobile to move your
         | maybe 200lb self.
         | 
         | I see you live in an area with _significantly_ more days of
         | good weather than bad!
        
           | a9h74j wrote:
           | The Worldwatch Institute regularly put out 80-page studies in
           | the 1980s. Disappointingly, they published one on _The Future
           | of the Bicycle_ which never once mentioned the word  'rain'.
           | 
           | FWIW, the Aptera three-wheel EV design gets IIRC 10X better
           | distance/kWhr than most EVs, and has a US classification as a
           | motorcycle.
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | Agreed!
           | 
           | It's impossible to use anything but cars in places with bad
           | weather. Science has proved it!
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhx-26GfCBU
        
         | thatfrenchguy wrote:
         | Or we could have, you know, buses and trams and metros? Riding
         | a scooter in a car designed city sucks :-/
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | Nah, you'll just get tunnels were autonomous cars can be
           | stuck in traffic jams, instead.
        
         | foolfoolz wrote:
         | this idea raised $850M and failed
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Place_(company)
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | Those aren't scooters, they're cars -- and they showed up
           | before Panasonic/Tesla attacked the battery-cost problem with
           | roughly 100x as much capital.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Tesla also tried battery swapping several years ago but
             | seems to have given up.
        
               | ryukafalz wrote:
               | Those are also cars.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | That's because Tesla owners have disposable income and
               | tend to charge in suburban or rural homes. Swapping is
               | aimed more at lower-income segments or
               | delivery/maintenance services in urban areas.
        
         | hristov wrote:
         | Unfortunately this is not it. The game changer will be when
         | they start closing off large parts of cities to cars and
         | limiting them to small, slow and safe golf cart/scooter/bike
         | type vehicles. Everything else will fall into place very
         | quickly afterwards.
         | 
         | We have the technology, we need the political will. These
         | scooters are nice but few people will brave riding them in a
         | busy American street, not to even mention a highway.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > the political will
           | 
           | Which is another way of saying 'willing voters.' Who all own
           | cars already, for the most part. And rarely vote to reduce
           | their own quality of life even if there is a possibility that
           | in the longer run it will be higher.
        
             | schnevets wrote:
             | and are completely oblivious to the costs of their way of
             | life (and certainly won't listen to a politician who
             | mentions the existence of such cost)
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Or they believe the costs are worth it. Trying to
               | convince people to support extraordinary lifestyle
               | changes requires extraordinary evidence that the net
               | result will be positive.
        
           | omgitsabird wrote:
           | How will that ever happen when delivery, moving,
           | construction, etc are essential parts of the economy for
           | "large parts of cities"?
        
             | wffurr wrote:
             | None of which requires unrestricted access for personal
             | cars or motor vehicles.
        
             | pjerem wrote:
             | You can totally ban individual cars while allowing
             | delivery, moving, construction, emergencies, public
             | transport ...
             | 
             | A lot of city centers in Europe have been closed to cars
             | during the last decades but special trafic is still
             | allowed.
             | 
             | It just works and it's better for everybody.
             | 
             | And now I hope this will be extended outside of city
             | centers.
        
               | omgitsabird wrote:
               | Sure, but how does this system work? Especially with
               | newer services, like ride sharing, where people use
               | personal vehicles to transport people within these areas?
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | It doesn't work, nobody ever thought of it.
               | 
               | RIP Europe, you will be sorely missed.
               | 
               | On a more serious note, ride sharing services are
               | considered as taxis which are considered public transport
               | and public transport is generally allowed at least on
               | designated roads.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | You could require them to register as commercial
               | vehicles. You can enforce using physical barriers or
               | punishing fines/use fees for people that don't enter the
               | area with a fare. Taxis can only go in certain parts of
               | airports, rideshares have designated pickup zones, it
               | seems to work fine. Or you just say that one of the
               | downsides of being a part time driver that isn't part of
               | a regulated fleet is that you don't get to congest
               | downtown areas.
               | 
               | In Granada Spain I noticed that certain parts of the old
               | city had physical barriers that could only be passed by a
               | vehicle with the right NFC pass. Generally taxis, busses,
               | and a few private cars that seemed to belong to people
               | with property in the area. It made it very pleasant to
               | walk around the old streets without having to suck down
               | exhaust fumes of idling cars.
               | 
               | As you noted, Uber is a newer service, plenty of people
               | happily lived their lives before it existed.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Same way you designate loading/passenger zone parking or
             | bus/taxi only lanes for large parts of cities.
        
           | Johnny555 wrote:
           | The USA already has a NEV standard (25mph top speed, some
           | look like small cars, others more like golf carts). All it
           | would take to make them viable is more streets with 25mph
           | speed limits.
           | 
           | This makes roads safer for bikes and scooters, but the NEV
           | gives a car-like option for someone who can't (or won't) ride
           | a bike.
           | 
           | Even a NEV-plus standard that allows up to 35mph would be an
           | improvement, that would already cover almost all of my
           | commute.
        
             | hristov wrote:
             | The NEV standard would be great if people followed speed
             | limits. Unfortunately, the fact that it is 25 mph it does
             | not mean people will drive anywhere close to that. But it
             | is a good start.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | There's a pretty easy fix for that... speed cameras.
        
               | xmprt wrote:
               | Even easier fix for that which is much cheaper to
               | enforce... narrower roads, raised crosswalks, separated
               | bike lanes. Cars will naturally drive slower on those
               | roads and they are more friendly to other modalities.
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | The argument against strict traffic calming is always
               | "How will an emergency vehicle get through?"
               | 
               | There are some solutions that can slow cars but still
               | allow emergency vehicles through, but they aren't
               | perfect, and still need sign off from the fire
               | department. And that signoff can be hard to get, years
               | ago, my neighborhood wanted to install speed humps to
               | slow traffic -- the fire department vetoed it since the
               | road was the main access from the neighhood firestation.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | You can actually speed over speed bumps, it's just
               | uncomfortable...
               | 
               | The main thing is: how bad are speed bumps for vehicle
               | maintenance, really? Fire trucks, for example, only need
               | to go full throttle when they leave the fire station.
               | 
               | When they come back they can just go over the speed bump
               | slowly, like everyone else.
               | 
               | Why would going over 1 speed bump every bunch of days be
               | such a major issue? Does that mean that a fire truck
               | going over a pothole will do a barrel roll? :-p
        
               | jeofken wrote:
               | Anyone from NL here? How does that work there?
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | Another is the complexity of city traffic, the more red
               | lights, the more people are frustrated and will try to
               | push faster. When you ensure fluid flow, 25mph is fast
               | enough to go where you want without noticing it, if
               | things are smooth the driver might even enjoy the scene
               | instead of trying to 'get before the green light is
               | over'.
        
               | noveltyaccount wrote:
               | I don't know where I read this, but narrow streets cause
               | people to slow down too. Nearby my home is a very roomy
               | 30mph 5-lane road where the flow of traffic is usually
               | 45mph. Plenty of room to speed up!
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | Why can't it be both? Easy-access technology can be a first
           | step to changing political mindsets.
        
       | amazd wrote:
       | Why hasn't Tesla gotten into this sort of battery swap tech for
       | their own cars yet?
        
         | patall wrote:
         | I am actually more wondering why we do not see battery
         | trailers. Imagine a two wheel, 500 lbs trailer that you pull
         | for the next 30 miles between two 1 minute stops on the highway
         | that recharges your cars battery within those 30 miles. I know
         | there are prototypes, but something seems to stop it from
         | becoming large scale. Inefficient? To much overhead? Can normal
         | drivers not be trusted with a 500 lbs trailer? I would like to
         | know...
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Too much overhead and DC fast charger networks are already
           | approaching parity with the speed you could make that work.
           | Trailers add another set of wheels to the ground, too, which
           | is a failure point. Might as well just put it on the roof or
           | something instead.
        
           | Johnny555 wrote:
           | I don't think there'd be much actual time savings. Every time
           | I get off the highway to get gas (which means slowing down to
           | exit, stopping at the bottom on the exit ramp, driving to the
           | gas station, pumping gas, getting back on the highway, etc),
           | it ends up being close to a 15 minute stop. I'd be surprised
           | if you can pull off, hook up a battery trailer (and pay for
           | it), then get back on the highway in a few minutes.
           | 
           | Might as well just stop in for a 20 minute charge at a DC
           | fast charger, many cars can do an 80% charge in 20 minutes.
        
             | JackMcMack wrote:
             | This actually sounds doable if the battery charging trailer
             | is self driving (and self docking). You would lose only
             | minimal time slowing down for the docking/undocking. Easier
             | to test on select pieces of highway with predictable self
             | driving conditions. And the highway gives you space and
             | time for charging, when you need it most for long trips.
        
         | cheeze wrote:
         | Because they would need to announce it first, spend 10 years
         | talking about how it's right around the corner but never
         | delivering, and then maybe they could deliver it.
         | 
         | We'll see these battery swaps right after FSD actually becomes
         | L3.
        
         | skolos wrote:
         | They did try it in 2013, but abandoned the idea:
         | https://www.tesla.com/videos/battery-swap-event
        
           | kevlened wrote:
           | According to "Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla
           | Motors", it may not have been abandoned. Instead, the feature
           | may have never been planned:
           | 
           | "In 2013, California revised its Zero Emissions Vehicle
           | credit system so that long-range ZEVs that were able to
           | charge 80% in under 15 minutes earned almost twice as many
           | credits as those that didn't. Overnight, Tesla's 85 kWh Model
           | S went from earning four credits per vehicle to seven.
           | Moreover, to earn this dramatic increase in credits, Tesla
           | needed to prove to CARB that such rapid refueling events were
           | possible. By demonstrating battery swap on just one vehicle,
           | Tesla nearly doubled the ZEV credits earned by its entire
           | fleet even if none of them actually used the swap
           | capability."
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | The scale. Tesla batteries are like 900 pounds. You now have to
         | make a machine that can move 900 pounds of electronic hardware
         | at mass scale. Meanwhile, if your machine only needs maybe
         | 20lbs of batteries, suddenly that machine can be your user, and
         | the infrastructure problem got a lot simpler and cheaper to
         | solve. I have no clue why tesla isn't considering a low cost,
         | <$500 EV, be it scooter or bike. I think their brand name and a
         | price point that makes it easy for people currently on the
         | sidelines to buy in would easily be enough to dominate this
         | market overnight. At this point is just these companies from
         | china you get from sketchy amazon sellers. I don't see schwinn
         | ebikes when I drive around, they are too costly, I just see
         | these cheapo foldable amazon ones that go by 50 different
         | names, which I think is telling where the latent demand really
         | lies (not in the saturated luxury ebike/escooter market which
         | doesn't seem to move much product).
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | They tried and failed already. Lots of reasons why this
         | wouldn't work with cars:
         | 
         | - The battery is expensive and makes up a large chunk of value
         | of the car itself. Being able to swap out a dying years-old
         | battery for a fresh new one doesn't make sense.
         | 
         | - Swapping an electric car's battery is time consuming and
         | requires specialized equipment and labor.
         | 
         | - The real utility for battery swaps for cars isn't in the
         | middle of the city but in remote highway stops, where setting
         | up such stations isn't feasible.
        
           | skolos wrote:
           | It does work: NIO does it (they have 700 battery swap
           | stations already). CATL also announced that they will produce
           | swappable car batteries.
           | 
           | I, myself, don't see how this can be more competitive than
           | superchargers. But I do see that some customers would like to
           | have this option.
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | Because Tesla knows that the vast majority of people will never
         | need it.
         | 
         | Most people use their cars for well under 100 miles per day.
         | With a battery-electric car, you can charge it at home. You
         | never go to a station for anything -- not fuel, not fast-
         | charging, not battery swapping. You come home, plug in, and get
         | on with your life.
         | 
         | People will make a few long trips per year, and those cases are
         | well handled by the supercharger network. It doesn't take long,
         | and corresponds to down-time that most drivers should be taking
         | anyway.
         | 
         | There is nothing for them to gain by a massive redesign that
         | would gain most users little to nothing. Instead, they take the
         | stable battery pack and design around it, even making it a
         | structural part of the vehicle to save weight.
         | 
         | Replaceable battery packs for cars solve a non-problem. People
         | who would want them would do better purchasing a gasoline car,
         | which are readily available and will remain so for quite some
         | time.
        
           | dvirsky wrote:
           | > you can charge it at home
           | 
           | Most people in most big cities don't have private parking
           | they can equip with a charger, and they struggle to even find
           | parking at all. You'd have to make every single parking space
           | in a big city a charger to make this approach scale.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | Most people in big cities don't have cars. Most of the cars
             | in a city are commuters, who go home every night to the
             | burbs. It's the same reason cities have relatively few gas
             | stations.
             | 
             | People who insist on having cars in cities will either find
             | places to charge, continue to own gas cars, or switch to
             | ride sharing plus public transport. It is not a case for
             | Tesla to change their entire design.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > Most people in most big cities
             | 
             | ... should use fast chargers, if they have no 'at home'
             | option.
             | 
             | Most people in the US live in single family detached homes
             | and can get enough juice from a 120V outlet to meet their
             | daily driving needs.
        
               | dvirsky wrote:
               | Most of the world is not the US. And fast charging of ~1
               | hour or even 25 minutes is an inconvenience that would
               | make people choose a non EV.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | We're not far from 15 minute charge times (and in some
               | regards already there). That's fast enough.
        
           | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
           | > It doesn't take long
           | 
           | Is there public data about how big the network would need to
           | be if 90-100% of long distance travel is switched from 5 min
           | gas station stops to super charging; both in terms of
           | throughput and latency? And/or studies of (probably rare)
           | mass transit events that may or may not be expected; thinking
           | natural disasters and large events away from population
           | centers like burning man or Coachella.
        
           | lkbm wrote:
           | > Because Tesla knows that the vast majority of people will
           | never need it.
           | 
           | I don't know what portion of US drivers park either on the
           | street or in a parking garage, but I'm pretty sure it''s tens
           | of millions of people. Driveways pretty much don't exist in
           | my neighborhood. It's all parking garages and street parking.
           | 
           | Lining every parking garage and neighborhood street with
           | dozens of chargers may be the optimal solution, but I'm
           | skeptical.
        
             | avianlyric wrote:
             | I think people overthink how complicated EV chargers are
             | (specifically slow chargers). At they're core, they're just
             | a normal 3-pin plug with a fancy computer controlled
             | switch. All of the heavy lifting is done by the car, it has
             | the inverter, the battery controller, and all the
             | monitoring equipment.
             | 
             | All the charger does is tell the car how much power it's
             | allowed to use, authenticates the car, and flicks the
             | switch on at the command of the car. The charger also has a
             | cheap-as-chips current transformer so it can make sure the
             | car doesn't consumer more power than it allowed, and will
             | flick the switch off if the car misbehaves. The car is
             | responsible for everything else.
             | 
             | So at the end of the day, and on street slower charger is a
             | metal post with a plug on the outside, and a Raspberry Pi
             | and relay inside. They can, and will eventually be, dirt
             | cheap to manufacture. As for power cables, well, and can
             | just slice into the cable already powering houses and
             | lampposts.
        
       | aqme28 wrote:
       | You see this in New York a lot too. The most popular delivery
       | bikes use a swappable battery.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Can you swap them at the store like your empty propane tank
         | though?
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | This is why hydrogen, while being less efficient that battery-
       | electric, stands a chance. Convenience of 'filling up' in a
       | minute is the killer feature of hydrogen, regardless if it's 50%
       | as efficient as battery-electric. When said power is coming from
       | a nuclear reactor, who cares?
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | I remember hydrogen fuel cells getting major hype over 20 years
         | ago, quite specifically in the year 2001. It probably started
         | earlier than that.
         | 
         | Since then, there's been approximately zilch in terms of
         | commercial applications, despite numerous drawbacks inherent to
         | lithium ion batteries. I'd bet on some novel alternative
         | battery technology over hydrogen.
        
       | pengaru wrote:
       | This is the way, but I have serious concerns when it comes to
       | abuse as surveillance tools. I'd want such vehicles to
       | incorporate something of a Faraday cage around the battery
       | module. The thing is inherently always powered and could easily
       | become a mechanism for tracking locations and travel speeds real-
       | time.
        
         | caymanjim wrote:
         | This isn't going to happen because almost no one would be
         | worried about it and there would be a cost that only benefitted
         | a microscopic fraction of concerned people. It also feels
         | completely arbitrary; for all you know, there are tracking
         | devices in everything you own. It's not like you can really
         | tell. There could be passive tracking devices in every consumer
         | device.
        
       | kingkawn wrote:
       | Now for cars/trucks and we're in good shape
        
       | kujin88 wrote:
       | Not just delivery drivers, this is essential for everyone in
       | India that uses a two-wheeler. India has always been known for
       | its notorious costs of Petroleum and its unaffordability to
       | anyone other than the rich.
       | 
       | We need the EV transformation to make sure people are more
       | economically sustainable. A handsome side-effect of it would be
       | the dramatic drop in air pollution given the population density
       | in India
        
       | jefurii wrote:
       | > A lot of drivers in China, the world's biggest EV market, live
       | in apartment blocks and so don't necessarily have personal
       | charging outlets.
       | 
       | As an apartment dweller this makes so much sense.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | Every single person who's ever put batteries in the back of some
       | consumer electronics device immediately thinks, "Why don't they
       | just make it so you can swap batteries in EVs?" I was definitely
       | no different.
       | 
       | I now own a few eBikes including a DIY conversion, a Sur Ron dirt
       | bike and an Onyx emoto. The batteries are just so insanely
       | compact and heavy, it's surreal. The Onyx has a removable
       | 72v/48ah extended range battery which weighs 37lbs (17kg) [1],
       | similar to the weight of the swappable batteries in the article.
       | Let me tell you, that may not seem like a lot of weight, but it
       | really is and it's * _just so dense!*_ It 's the equivalent of
       | over 4 gallons of milk contained in two shoe boxes.
       | 
       | Seriously, every time I have to move - or should I say
       | "manhandle" - the batteries in any of the bikes, I audibly groan
       | and make sure to lift with my legs. The batteries are all
       | different shapes, sizes and in various boxes and all shockingly
       | heavy for their size. The sharp edges of the Onyx battery box is
       | a true hazard as its momentum will give your thigh a nice bruise
       | should you swing it, or your car a nice dent.
       | 
       | Anyways, I'm sharing all this to say: Batteries are heavy af.
       | Really. As good as a solution this is for scooters, don't expect
       | it to go much more beyond that. There won't be swappable
       | batteries on your big Zero or Livewire any time soon.
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://www.onyxmotorbikes.com/collections/parts/products/rc...
        
       | animal_spirits wrote:
       | That's a genius idea, and could probably work for any mode of
       | transportation. Scooters, bicycles, cars, trucks.
        
       | sebastianconcpt wrote:
       | Bureaucrats of countries that basically depend only in selling
       | gas, are watching in panic or?
        
         | supernova87a wrote:
         | Given that it will still take 30-40 years for the bulk of
         | gasoline consuming fleets to expire/turnover, this is
         | ironically a problem that I bet such oil plutocrats are
         | thinking they'll shift the burden to their business-inheriting
         | children to deal with.
        
       | yodelshady wrote:
       | More practical zero-emission scooters in India could be, as I
       | understand it, quite something. I complain enough about exhaust
       | fumes in Western cities.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | I remember in 2013 electric skateboards were all of the rage. I
       | felt like a pariah with an electric scooter. I told people they
       | were the future because skateboards are just too dangerous imo.
       | 
       | I'm glad to see this happen.
       | 
       | What I want now is an electric assist scooter, where then battery
       | is smaller and it simply makes your manual pushes far stronger.
       | 
       | I'm no electric engineer, but I think there's an opportunity
       | here. If you can minimize the resistance added by adding an
       | electric motor you might be able to really decrease the weight of
       | the scooter if it only propels you on push.
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | Are scooters significantly safer? (I'm assuming you mean the
         | small 2 wheeled scooter that looks a bit like a skateboard with
         | a steering post, not a vespa style "mini motorcycle" scooter
         | which is the scooter referenced in this article).
         | 
         | I don't know how to clearly differentiate between the two types
         | of scooter when talking about them.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | I strongly believe the addition of the handlebars makes a
           | scooter much safer to use for an average person compared to
           | an electric skate or longboard. I say this as someone who has
           | owned all three.
           | 
           | Best example of this is braking. Most electric longboards
           | accelerate and decelerate as fast or faster than a scooter.
           | However the laws of motion still apply. Without something to
           | hold onto you have to actually anticipate your deceleration
           | and lean back when decelerating - very unintuitive.
           | 
           | When I had an electric longboard I let several people use it
           | and saw several people fall over (fortunately they fell on
           | their feet)
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | It just seems that the narrow 3" wheels commonly seen on
             | scooters are way too sensitive to road imperfections. I've
             | seen some with oversized 6" or so wheels that are wider
             | like a mountain bike tire, those seem safer.
             | 
             | I miss eBikes, which seem to have been pretty much replaced
             | by eScooters, at least in my community.
        
               | H1Supreme wrote:
               | Totally agree. Those wheels are way to small at top
               | speed. You're just asking to get a stone jammed in there.
        
         | jayrot wrote:
         | I suppose you could get away with a slightly smaller motor if
         | you don't need super torque, but it's the battery that accounts
         | for a huge amount of weight.
        
         | jdjdjdjdjd wrote:
         | I think you are talking about a different kind of scooter than
         | the article.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Haha - I actually read the article but was in reader mode but
           | didn't see the picture haha.
           | 
           | Strangely the article could apply to a traditional standing
           | scooter as well. What a coincidence.
           | 
           | I did think the 50 mile range was a bit overzealous - shoulda
           | known.
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | What would be really amazing is if we all leased the batteries
       | but owned our vehicles (whether its scooters, cars, etc) AND
       | there were super fast quickswap stations built into the road
       | itself. Imagine if pulled up to a red stop light and the light
       | knew it was going to be red for the next 30 seconds at least -
       | your vehicle could communicate with some type of in-road
       | underground battery swap station and then at the press of a
       | button it could quickly reach up, remove your existing battery,
       | and replace it with a fully charged one.
       | 
       | Larger vehicles could even have multiple batteries - one quick
       | swap one on the bottom and then another one elsewhere in the
       | vehicle that was a bit more work to swap - this way you could
       | mainly use and stress the swap battery and ideally keep swapping
       | it out as needed on a road trip but worst case you still have a
       | large energy reserve to fall back to.
        
         | ihumanable wrote:
         | I remember watching a TED Talk in 2009 that had a pretty
         | similar idea
         | https://www.ted.com/talks/shai_agassi_a_new_ecosystem_for_el...
         | 
         | Seems like they went bankrupt though in 2013
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | That sounds like a huge amount of infrastructure work on
         | something that even in the best case will be relatively prone
         | to failure. Meanwhile, we already have grid connections all
         | over the place and DC fast charging is quickly approaching fast
         | enough. For those who even have to use it, the rest just charge
         | at home and none of these contraptions would improve their
         | experience.
        
           | ryukafalz wrote:
           | Have you lived in a multifamily building in a city? Or even
           | in a single-family home with only street parking? It's not
           | like we all have a garage at home to park and charge a
           | vehicle. Some do, but I would estimate the vast majority in
           | my city do not.
           | 
           | I'm not saying we need in-street contraptions like GP
           | described, but "just charge at home" doesn't cut it for a lot
           | of people.
           | 
           | I like the kiosks mentioned in the article, those seem pretty
           | convenient for city-dwellers.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | The flip side of that is that the group you described is
             | the one most likely to not need to charge every day. My
             | experience was that 200 miles was a pretty reasonable
             | amount for a full week. If I'm honest, most weeks I'm well
             | under 100 miles.
             | 
             | With fast chargers a weekly grocery trip or a charger near
             | the office would probably satisfy most needs. Tesla claims
             | that 15 mins. yields a 200 mile range. My gas hog
             | Pathfinder gets about 250 miles between fillups that last
             | about 10 minutes (bathroom and snack breaks when I'm on a
             | road trip). It seems that range anxiety is kind of
             | overkill. To be honest I'm surprised that coffee shops, and
             | fast service restaurants haven't been installing chargers.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | In the US, more than half of everyone lives in a single
             | family detached house. So perhaps half the population
             | doesn't have a major hurdle to at-home charging currently.
             | 
             | For the rest, a 300 mile EV with once-a-week fast charging
             | while they grocery shop is entirely viable. Yes we need to
             | continue building out the infrastructure, but since your
             | comparison is with a battery swap solution that doesn't
             | currently exist in _any_ form, we 're already way ahead on
             | that.
        
         | AussieWog93 wrote:
         | >Imagine if pulled up to a red stop light and the light knew it
         | was going to be red for the next 30 seconds at least - your
         | vehicle could communicate with some type of in-road underground
         | battery swap station and then at the press of a button it could
         | quickly reach up, remove your existing battery, and replace it
         | with a fully charged one.
         | 
         | If we had the technology and logistics to build an entire
         | underground battery swapping facility at every major
         | intersection, I'm sure we'd have moved past cars completely!
        
         | momirlan wrote:
         | you live in a country without snow, right ?
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | Battery wear is a complex thing and it's not trivial to control
         | or test. You could easily trade in an excellent battery and
         | receive one that had 50% rated capacity. If you plan to wear
         | them out very quickly, not to need the full capacity, and pay
         | well above actual cost for the convenience of swapping, then it
         | could work.
         | 
         | Otherwise, you will be ripped off by the better informed
         | charging station that hands out only their worst batteries, and
         | sells the best trade-ins as new.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | Yeah, I think it's clear that you would have to buy the cars
           | off the lot with no battery included.
        
           | 2fast4you wrote:
           | What if we took batteries out of commission after X cycles?
           | 
           | There would need to be regulation on it. I wouldn't trust my
           | manufacturer or charging network not to rip me off if they
           | had the chance.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | A very ignorant question: in order to charge faster, why can't we
       | just charge 200 little batteries in parallel and then operate
       | them in series?
        
         | itake wrote:
         | AFAIK, that is basically how batteries work. A battery is
         | comprised of "cells".
        
           | NathanielK wrote:
           | Some batteries like deWalts's flexvolt system do allow
           | rearranging the cells. They go full series so you can run
           | efficient 60V tools off them, but swith to partly parallel to
           | charge on a standard 20V charger.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | You can! Two limitations.
         | 
         | (1) Heat dissipation. You're charging the battery with a much
         | higher current than the discharge current. Even if you can push
         | a coolant through the battery at the charging time, it adds
         | serious thermal loads, and associated mechanical loads, to it.
         | 
         | (2) Power at the charging point. You're pushing dozens or even
         | hundreds of kilowatts, this takes both high voltage _and_ high
         | currents. Cables and connectors aside, the particular charging
         | place just needs a pretty beefy cable from the electric mains.
         | A typical cable going to a single-family house has a 20-30 kW
         | limit. Now imagine a station with 10 charging points.
        
         | hgomersall wrote:
         | From my limited understanding, the rate you can get charge into
         | a battery is proportional to its capacity. You see this in the
         | size normalised charge rating that batteries have, like 1C
         | means it takes 1 hour to charge and 4C means it takes 15
         | minutes. Adding more batteries in parallel is much the same.
        
         | NathanielK wrote:
         | Batteries have "C" rating which is how many times you can
         | charge or discharge them in an hour. This magic number is
         | closely linked to battery chemistry. A "6C" battery can be
         | charged in 10 minutes as long as you have the power, while a
         | 10C battery can charge in 6 minutes. You're right that
         | sometimes charging speed is limited by the available power.
         | Don't expect to fast charge a 130kWh Tesla at a 45kW charger or
         | charge a 100Wh laptop on a 18W cellphone charger. In the case
         | of these scooter batteries, you are mostly limited by the
         | batteries C rating. Even if you watercooled them to stay at a
         | happy temperature, you can only push the chemistry so much.
         | 
         | Maybe if they switched to a different chemistry like Lithium
         | Titanate they could chaemrge quicker. For now it is easier to
         | use LiFePo batteries and just swap them out.
        
         | avianlyric wrote:
         | Because the time taken to charge 200 little batteries in
         | parallel is the same as it is to charge them in series.
         | 
         | Smaller batteries are capable of delivering less current, but
         | also only capable at charging at lower currents. So you can't
         | charge the individual cells in a battery any faster than the
         | battery as a whole.
         | 
         | If you tried to take a single little cell, and charge it at
         | power level of an entire EV battery, all you'll get is a small
         | explosion and a fire. If you take one of the individual cells
         | out of a Tesla, it's not much bigger than a AA battery. The
         | charging cable of a super charger is much thicker than a AA
         | battery, and made out of a substantial better conductor than a
         | battery. Just imagine what would happen if you took a battery
         | the size of a AA cell, and plugged it straight into that cable,
         | running at 480V and pushing almost a thousand amps. They peak
         | at 250kW, about 50 households of power usage. Your little
         | battery won't stand a chance.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rdxm wrote:
        
       | unchocked wrote:
       | Another reminder of how much less overhead human-scaled systems
       | require.
       | 
       | In this case, the battery swapping robot is you.
        
         | jscott0918 wrote:
         | I tried to reply to another comment that was since deleted. It
         | said something along the lines of: >I don't get why Tesla would
         | kill their battery-swapping while they are tackling other Hard
         | Problems.
         | 
         | The practicality of battery swapping decreases exponentially as
         | size and weight scale. The cost of building a battery swapping
         | network for western-car-sized battery systems, even once
         | solving the engineering elements (which are manageable), are
         | likely a non-starter. Especially if the other principle
         | technology rival is fast-charging stations.
         | 
         | How much added convenience is required to justify huge
         | mechanical systems with many wear components and large
         | maintenance costs over replacing a few charging cables every X
         | months? Lots.
        
           | jonsen wrote:
           | The batteri should go in a trailer. Swap the trailer. The car
           | itself could be smaller. Luggage could go on the trailer.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Trailers are non-starters for most vehicles.
             | 
             | Better to bring the batteries to charge the cars when they
             | need it: https://www.sparkcharge.io/
        
             | tppiotrowski wrote:
             | Would make swapping easy but reversing with a trailer is
             | not easy.
        
               | jonsen wrote:
               | Self driving trailer shouldn't be difficult.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | I suspect that battery hot-swapping will be practical for
           | electric _trucks_. Charging them is really slow unless you
           | use a dozen of cables. Parked time costs real money for them.
           | Normal trucks unload, reload, and go back to the highway
           | pretty soon, often with a different driver at the wheel.
           | 
           | Truck yards usually already have equipment for heavy lifting,
           | and the batteries need not be tailored to the car aesthetics
           | and space constraints. Also, a narrower industry has a better
           | chance to come up with a common standard.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | I think the trick is not to swap the whole battery
           | 
           | Instead design in a space for a secondary battery, maybe 40%
           | the capacity of the main battery. Make those standard and
           | swap-able.
           | 
           | Now, you can use the car as ordinary in either the one-
           | battery or two-battery mode, with the 1B config being more
           | nimble handling with less range, and the 2B config more
           | range. In any case, you can then enjoy rapid-swap of the
           | standard 2nd battery, or maybe just rent one for a long trip.
           | 
           | This also helps the automakers keep their proprietary designs
           | on the main battery for differentiation. The 2nd battery
           | could go in the extra trunk space or something...
        
             | stetrain wrote:
             | But if you are talking about faster partial-capacity
             | refills during road trip stops, we already have that.
             | 
             | Current batteries charge way faster from 0-50% than
             | 50-100%. The curve really starts to fall off above 80%.
             | 
             | I usually try to plan my stops so that I'm arriving with
             | 5-10% and charging to 60-65%. With 250kW chargers that
             | results in a ~15min charging stop.
             | 
             | I don't think the costs of development, impact to vehicle
             | design, and infrastructure would make sense for swaps just
             | to replace what is already a 15min charge.
        
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