[HN Gopher] A detailed look at the S-300P anti-aircraft missile ...
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       A detailed look at the S-300P anti-aircraft missile system
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2022-04-07 16:53 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ausairpower.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ausairpower.net)
        
       | pseudo0 wrote:
       | This should probably have a (2012) added to the title, it's
       | interesting but a bit dated. For example the criticism of
       | Australia not buying F-22s, when the discussion the last few
       | years has been all about F-35s.
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | The Australians might _want_ to buy F-22s, but Congress banned
         | exports. Much like the F-15, the previous air superiority
         | fighter, for which external sales were very limited.
        
       | wolf550e wrote:
       | https://archive.is/0Iy1
        
       | zby wrote:
       | The link as it is currently leads me to a page containing garbled
       | characters: "SPQUuaO=iu{h$?,oe??
       | \y0-Uq=sso(tm)iyythlVuto++ix,,EYC/<<<<"(Yr>>Er(c)". When I add
       | www. to the front of it I get the page about S300:
       | http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Grumble-Gargoyle.html
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | not the case for me, via a couple different browsers, dns, and
         | client locations. didn't try chrome.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | Works out of the box on FF and netsurf on linux. Though netsurf
         | on plan 9 needed the www prefix.
        
         | Ourgon wrote:
         | Same here, both with Firefox as well as when using _wget_. The
         | downloaded data is not recognised by the _file_ command as
         | anything other that _data_.
        
           | zer0w1re wrote:
           | Works fine for me on Firefox 99.0
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | It works fine w/ Firefox for me.
        
       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | Seems like the battlefield has moved entirely into EWF whith
       | these sorts of things around. Everything comes down to fast RFDSP
       | in jammer pods to screw with their radar.
        
       | boarnoah wrote:
       | There is just something about large multi axle transport trucks,
       | they look so cool.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Those trucks are incredibly expensive
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | When they shoot the missile they point those canisters up in
         | the air. There is a cold gas system that ejects the missile up
         | into the air, it then ignites, then it takes off in some
         | direction like
         | 
         | https://www.flickr.com/photos/ministryofdefenceua/3189460316...
         | 
         | if the engine doesn't ignite then the missile falls back down
         | on the launcher, resulting in this genre of Youtube video
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=S-300+FAIL
         | 
         | Sometimes the fuse goes off when the missile hits the launcher
         | and usually blows up the other missiles in the launcher. Other
         | times the fuse doesn't go off but then you've got an awful
         | unexploded ordinance problem. (Who knows when it will go off?)
        
           | reneherse wrote:
           | Great videos! But the launches all seem "normal" to me.
        
             | snypher wrote:
             | https://youtu.be/dKG9HGPjMrg https://youtu.be/cikuNhTjCe8
             | 
             | The missile should continue up not fall back down.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | I would love to understand the circumstances of the
               | second video (the one on the Commandos455 channel).
               | 
               | Not the technical failure, that is clear enough but the
               | role and reaction of the crowd the camera is in. They
               | seem to be wearing green fatigues so one would think they
               | are soldiers... but they are all so unorganised? I
               | understand that when a missile falls back one would swear
               | or shout as an involuntary reaction, but they seem more
               | like a partying higschool group than professionals at
               | work.
               | 
               | The cherry on top is the redheaded girl who seems to have
               | started to leave without her coat and someone brings it
               | after her. Sadly I don't speak the language.
               | 
               | I'm wondering is this maybe a high school group on a
               | military themed day trip? Or I'm just massively
               | overestimating the professionalism of soldiers? I would
               | be curious if anyone has any insight into that video.
        
           | jrumbut wrote:
           | Is there a particularly high failure rate with these missiles
           | or is this a widespread problem in systems where the engine
           | ignites after launch?
           | 
           | What do they do after? Is the site repaired? Scrapped?
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Most accounts are that those failures are "rare"; the
             | missile is sealed in a canister so it's likely to be a
             | defective missile from the factory, not some mistake on the
             | part of the operators.
             | 
             | It happens enough that there are a handful of videos on
             | Youtube. Similar failures happen with vertically launched
             | missiles from ships
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydsm1uzkNu4
        
           | ARandomerDude wrote:
           | In Soviet Russia, S-300 launches you!
        
             | cwillu wrote:
             | In America, microwave oven cook food. In Russia, it only a
             | little different: microwave radar cook YOU!
        
           | boarnoah wrote:
           | Heard (anecdotally on reddit) that its one of the advantages
           | of having hot launch VLS as opposed to cold launch like the
           | Russian style.
           | 
           | That way if there is a failure to launch its contained inside
           | the VLS cell instead of potentially covering the decks in
           | missile components.
           | 
           | Although I suppose a cold launch has a good chance of
           | throwing a failed missile off the deck and into the sea if
           | its at any angle.
        
             | p_l wrote:
             | Soviet cold-launch approach was to increase the chances
             | that a failed missile would fall to the side instead of
             | exploding the launcher, which is why _naval_ soviet-style
             | launchers are angled - a failure to launch will drop into
             | water.
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | >For instance the JSF's forward sector stealth is likely to be
       | adequate, but its aft and beam sector stealth performance will
       | not be, especially considering the wavelengths of many of the
       | radars in question
       | 
       | I was under the impression that the JSF was overall stealthier
       | than the Raptor. Searching for more details on Google has led me
       | down quite the delicious rabbit hole of Quora posts filled with
       | wild speculation and half-sourced rumors. Here[1] is one of the
       | better ones.
       | 
       | 1: https://www.quora.com/Does-the-F-35-have-a-lower-RCS-than-
       | th...
        
       | lnsru wrote:
       | As an electrical engineer I am curious how russians get their
       | hands on the mil spec Western electronic components. I mean even
       | in Western Europe I must fill few forms to obtain potentially
       | dual use components. Mil spec Xilinx FPGAs or SiGe transistors
       | aren't available in every grocery store.
        
         | jleahy wrote:
         | These are reflectarray radars, not AESA. No crazy specialist
         | components are really required, just a lot of PIN diodes. I'm
         | sure those can be made in Russia.
        
           | nimbius wrote:
           | not sure where the proclivity to underestimate Russian
           | military technology comes from. it certainly was a sterling
           | hallmark of US leadership at the time of the cold war.
           | 
           | Russia has been making in-house AESA for a decade. they
           | started with APAR radar in 1963, just a few years off from
           | the US.
           | 
           | http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Zhuk-AE-Analysis.html
           | 
           | they also sell the only radar capable of (on the open market)
           | detecting hypersonics, the 59N6-TE mobile radar.
        
             | swamp40 wrote:
             | > not sure where the proclivity to underestimate Russian
             | military technology comes from
             | 
             | They've been turned into bumbling idiots on Twitter and
             | Reddit. It's a shame, but in my mind it is quite dangerous
             | because sooner or later some president/general is going to
             | make a _very_ bad decision based on that meme.  "How could
             | their nukes possibly work?"
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | How useful is it to be able to detect a hypersonic missile?
        
         | frogger8 wrote:
         | Russia has a network to get around this. Sort of like the show
         | the Americans but not as sexy and less photogenic players.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | China?
         | 
         | I think China makes Russian AD built under license, so from the
         | local Chinese suppliers.
        
         | notch656a wrote:
         | Take a look how easily highly illegal drugs are smuggled in
         | large quantity, and then ponder how easy it is for civilians to
         | acquire Xilinx FPGAs in the West regardless of forms. Then
         | ponder that .ru may be using industrial spec instead of mil
         | spec : life-critical isn't so important to russia.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | You can buy it over the counter at the SEG.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus_(computer)
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | Elbrus chips were manufactured in Taiwan TSMC before the war
           | and it has been stopped now due to the war, Russia has no
           | domestic capability to manufacture them.
        
           | lnsru wrote:
           | Probably possible to order one of these using automotive
           | process in some foundry in Asia. Nobody will ask too much and
           | it would be enough power for defense applications.
        
         | wikidani wrote:
         | They did have some degree of connection with France up until
         | 2014 so maybe they might have gotten some from there. Also,
         | sanction busting is a thing and the FSB probably has some way
         | to get some components in a shady manner
        
         | throwaway4good wrote:
         | Do they use mil spec Western electronic components? I thought
         | they made their own.
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | Is this the weaponry that the US are giving to the Ukraine?
        
         | T-A wrote:
         | Not exactly. Ukraine already has S-300s, and Slovakia is
         | supposedly sending (or already sent) more:
         | 
         | https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2022/03/30/will-slovaki...
         | 
         | The US does not have any, as far as I know.
        
           | ls612 wrote:
           | The CIA actually did "acquire" some in the late Cold War
           | which were recently revealed to have been shipped over to
           | Poland for 'unspecified' purposes.
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | Yes - part of the $300 lethal aid package.
         | 
         | "Lethal Aid".. hmmm
         | 
         | https://anti-empire.com/us-is-transferring-large-suicide-dro...
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | It's interesting that there's a ground-mobile Russian successor
       | to the AEGIS SPY-1 radar, the 64N6E. The SPY-1 is a very good
       | radar, but it first came out in 1973. It requires a huge amount
       | of support electronics, restricting its use to larger ships.
       | There have been successor US systems, but none good enough to
       | replace it. Squeezing that down to truck size is real progress.
        
       | rich_sasha wrote:
       | How do I square this supposed prowess with the Ukrainian Air
       | Force still operating? Even worse, drone footage (so flying
       | things) of S-300 being destroyed? Or indeed NATO or Israel
       | regularly making mincemeat out of Soviet-equipped opponents?
       | 
       | I'm not denying Russians can achieve technological brilliance,
       | often bypassing budgetary constraints in novel ways, equally
       | their military technology seems to regularly come up top trumps
       | on paper and not in the battlefield.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Logistics, training, discipline, and morale/motivation are
         | factors that often get treated as secondary to technology, but
         | in most battlefield scenarios they are a big deal, and Russia
         | has big problems with all of them.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | Maybe they are just not running them?
         | 
         | There are a lot of military experts saying that they see
         | baffling examples of incompetence from the Russian army in this
         | war, failing at really basic stuff.
         | 
         | I'm no military expert, but I've seen Russian infantry videos
         | where they are basically running around like headless chickens
         | as the saying goes, like they received no training at all.
        
         | stochtastic wrote:
         | I'll refrain from picking a side, but Air Power Australia and
         | the credibility of its proprietor Carlo Kopp are...
         | controversial [1,2]. He has extensive knowledge of many of the
         | relevant topics, but is viewed as having an axe to grind about
         | particular systems as they pertain to Australian procurement
         | decisions. Russian SAMs have always been shrouded in a huge
         | amount of marketing mystery. While they are obviously capable
         | and advanced systems, evidence continues to accumulate that
         | some of the magic is smoke and mirrors.
         | 
         | I read this article with great interest over technical details,
         | but stop short of accepting conclusions along the lines of
         | "Flap Lid is comparable to SPY-1". Only the folks who train and
         | operate against those systems in the real world really know if
         | that's true, and it's one of the things we are least likely to
         | have accurate information about in the public domain.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/CredibleDefense/comments/1vj7r6/is_...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.f-16.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=27190&
        
         | nl wrote:
         | I thought this was a good piece about the success of Turkish
         | drones vs the Russian Pantsir AA system in Libya was pretty
         | good. It goes pretty deep into the tactics used.
         | 
         | https://www.mideastcenter.org/post/how-did-turkish-uavs-outm...
        
         | recuter wrote:
         | Israel has a deconflicting mechanism with Russia in Syria as
         | does the US and Turkey but it is very true that it could more
         | or less do whatever it wants. Because it is the IAF.
         | 
         | The Ukrainian Air Force is still operating mostly because the
         | Russian one is somewhat MIA. Possible/Partial explanation for
         | their bad performance is corruption. Another one is much more
         | alarming and that is that the Russian strategy does not require
         | air superiority.
         | 
         | Either way it is not relevant to the S-300 which is deployed
         | within the borders of Russia as it is a defensive system.
         | 
         | What you want to read about instead is the Krasukha:
         | 
         | https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44879/ukraine-just-cap...
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >the Russian one is somewhat MIA
           | 
           | it is a bit unclear why, yet Russia has been using much more
           | expensive Su-30/35 fighters and Su-34 bombers for close air
           | support instead of more traditional/suitable/cheap Su-25. As
           | close air support naturally loses a lot of planes to MANPADS
           | and air-defense guns, especially considering that Su-30/35/34
           | aren't armored like Su-25, Russia has lost a lot of those
           | Su-30/35/34. As a result of those losses Russia has
           | significantly scaled back the close air support and decreased
           | air superiority missions.
        
       | albertopv wrote:
       | AFAIK Russia didn't get air supremacy in Ukraine, not easily at
       | least, which is strange given all S-300 and S-400 and now S-500
       | Russia has.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Ukraine has S-300, Buk, Tor and other Soviet-era anti aircraft
         | missile systems, those are dangerous to Russian air assets.
         | (Many of the USSR's most famous weapon systems were built in
         | Ukraine, the Ukraine has pretty much the same tanks, missiles,
         | etc. as Russia -- that is why Russia has to paint a Z on their
         | vehicles otherwise they couldn't tell them apart.)
         | 
         | The S-400 is an improved version of the S-300, they upgraded
         | all the parts (radar, missile, launcher) but it is the same
         | architecture (which is basically the same as the US Patriot but
         | in most respects better)
         | 
         | The S-500 has insane range, can hit low earth orbit satellites
         | and more relevant it can hit this kind of aircraft hundreds of
         | miles away
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry
         | 
         | An aircraft like that can light up the battlefield with radar
         | from far away and let stealth aircraft operate close to the
         | enemy without switching their own radar.
         | 
         | Anyhow, Russians don't believe in "air superiority" (control
         | the airspace with their own plane) but instead they have anti-
         | aircraft missiles to defend the anti-aircraft missiles that
         | defend their anti-aircraft missiles. They might not control the
         | battlespace completely but it will be a dangerous place to fly.
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | They even shot a Su-35 with apparently a stinger. I guess it
           | was flying very low
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | "Big" air defense system are good to destroy targets at
             | middle or high altitude. Since both sides have such
             | systems, the only "safe" place to fly is very low altitude
             | (below 500 feet, or 150m) where you're practically hidden
             | from air defenses' radar, but you end up being in the range
             | of MANPADS (though shooting at a fighter jet with a MANPADS
             | is way harder than doing the same on an helicopter)
        
         | troyvit wrote:
         | This article confirms what you say (at least from this source):
         | https://coffeeordie.com/ukrainian-mig-29-pilot-interview/
         | 
         | It's a good read about how Ukrainian pilots worked to foil
         | Russian anti-aircraft measures.
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | That's because Ukraine operates s300 too. Neither side can
         | operate high altitude flights.
        
         | pintxo wrote:
         | A SAM system is quite vulnerable while being transported or
         | setup. I guess they did not properly stage their SAM units? Set
         | up the first on on your site of the border, then one within the
         | shield of the first, then the third within the shield of the
         | second?
        
           | ARandomerDude wrote:
           | SAMs also require ground support or they get overrun,
           | captured, and potentially used against your own aircraft. I'm
           | guessing this was a consideration for Ukraine's placement of
           | air defenses.
           | 
           | Many things in the military are rock-paper-scissors
           | considerations:
           | 
           | - SAMs beat planes.
           | 
           | - Planes beat ground forces.
           | 
           | - Ground forces beat SAMs.
           | 
           | Within the ground forces themselves:
           | 
           | - Infantry beats tanks.
           | 
           | - Tanks beat artillery.
           | 
           | - Artillery beats infantry.
           | 
           | Examples of this kind abound.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | > Many things in the military are rock-paper-scissors
             | considerations
             | 
             | Hence the importance of combined arms operations. Sending a
             | column of tanks on its own is just a case of
             | scissors...scissors...scissors. Pre-operational training is
             | also essential. It's too late, in contact, for infantry to
             | figure out how to fight alongside tanks.
             | 
             | Lots of armies seem to discover this the hard way in a war,
             | adapt their tactics accordingly, only to forget it in time
             | for the next war. Incidentally, this also explains the
             | western Battlegroup concept. It's the smallest integrated
             | unit with a sensible mix of different arms, usually
             | structured around an infantry or armour battalion depending
             | on the circumstances.
        
         | JamesBarney wrote:
         | They don't have air supremacy, and even air superiority is iffy
         | and region dependent.
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | No amount of SAM system can gain air supremacy alone: such
         | systems are pretty much useless against planes flying very low
         | (below 500 feet, or 150m) just because the plane is hidden by
         | the terrain.
         | 
         | To get air supremacy, you need to have planes flying in the
         | enemy's sky, but to do so you need to destroy the enemy's own
         | air defence, with what is called a SEAD campaign (which stands
         | for "Supression of Ennemy Air Defense") and from what is
         | happening in Ukraine it's pretty clear that the VKS doesn't
         | know how to do SEAD (pretty much like the US in the Vietnam
         | war, where they've learned the hard way).
        
         | wikidani wrote:
         | The ukrainians have rather skillfully denied their airspace to
         | the russians using their own AD assets and as a consequence of
         | russian doctrine, they aren't too prepared to deal with SEAD
         | missions so we get this weird situation where both sides deny
         | airspace to each other
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-07 23:01 UTC)