[HN Gopher] What software engineers can learn from the rapid col...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What software engineers can learn from the rapid collapse of Fast
        
       Author : gregdoesit
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2022-04-07 17:23 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com)
        
       | manesioz wrote:
       | > I found some unsettling information about the founder of Fast,
       | Dominic Holland.
       | 
       | This thread [1] touches on what some of that stuff probably was.
       | Sounds like the CEO was a charismatic scammer.
       | 
       | [1]: https://nitter.net/jack_raines/status/1511737489190494208
        
       | trollski wrote:
        
       | gowld wrote:
       | > The mock-up of the spreadsheet people who received offers at
       | Fast had access to. The numbers represent what a senior engineers
       | with $220K in base salary, and 30,000 options saw as numbers on
       | their potential compensation value.
       | 
       | The spreadsheet didn't even have a row for "might not be a huge
       | success".
       | 
       | This company was red flags from the start. I can't imagine
       | someone walking away from a $300+K FAANG job for $240K + obvious
       | BS equity.
        
       | diiaann wrote:
       | Not having a big company signed is not inherently bad. Going
       | after small business can be a valid strategy (i.e. Salesforce)
       | but it sounds like there wasn't healthy growth or the right
       | relationships to support this path.
        
         | everybodyknows wrote:
         | Consider this:
         | 
         | > ... engineering directly raising concerns to the CEO, and
         | suggesting to focus on larger customers, _fewer customizations_
         | , and bring in more revenue. Sales, however, wanted the
         | opposite: close many deals and hit their targets of signups. In
         | the end, sales got their way, ...
         | 
         | If the product is customized for nearly every customer, they've
         | degenerated to a de facto consulting shop.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | > degenerated to a de facto consulting shop.
           | 
           | Which is fine, as long it's priced right. Palantir is a
           | consulting shop.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Wow, these numbers are like those from pets.com:
       | 
       | > "During its first fiscal year (February to September 1999)
       | Pets.com earned $619,000 in revenue, and spent $11.8 million on
       | advertising." (Wikipedia)
       | 
       | > "The company raised $82.5 million in a February 2000 IPO but
       | filed for bankruptcy nine months later." (Investopedia)
       | 
       | Fast rasied $102 million in capital and had $600k in revenue that
       | year... Is Big Finance about to hit the panic button again?
        
         | nly wrote:
         | $100M is a lot less money today than it was in 2000 after
         | factoring in inflation and low rates.
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | Yes, but also no.
           | 
           | Per the CPI, for every $1 in 2000, you need $1.68 today.
           | 1.68^1/22 - 1 is about 2.39%/year inflation.
           | 
           | https://data.bls.gov/cgi-
           | bin/cpicalc.pl?cost1=1&year1=200001...
        
             | propter_hoc wrote:
             | For the purposes of engineering salaries, CPI is not an
             | accurate representation of the change in what $100M can
             | buy.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cush wrote:
           | But the revenue is also inflated, so it all works out in the
           | wash.
        
             | whymauri wrote:
             | So Pets.com actually drove more revenue than Fast?! Oh my
             | god.
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | So is 600k
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | This does seem like a 1990s story.
         | 
         | I'm just barely young enough to have missed it. Friends who
         | quit school early were in on it.
         | 
         | I don't know if this was the case at Fast but in a lot of cases
         | back in the 1990s a lot of the engineers knew everything was
         | screwed up.. and they just didn't care, the money was good
         | while it lasted.
         | 
         | The experience almost always helped people get ahead, no one
         | ever gets punished for doing good work at a company that fails
         | due to bad management and investor decisions.
        
       | adamsmith143 wrote:
       | That Startups are fundamentally risky and despite all the talk on
       | HN you are highly likely to spend years working in a high pace
       | high stress environment for equity that will ultimately be
       | worthless or at best match comp at FAANGs all while having
       | questionable WLB.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Over a career though you'll be at quite a few of them. Figure
         | 7-10 or more in some cases. Some will be quick fails (within a
         | year you know it's just not going to work and you move on) and
         | others will be OK success (maybe you have an OK exit with
         | equity but not life changing) over 4 years of service and maybe
         | 1 or possibly 2 will be really nice. And if you're really lucky
         | one will be beyond amazing.
        
         | AYBABTME wrote:
         | But working at FAANG is not much fun. I think a mix of both
         | startups and Big Tech leads to a happy life.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | What's fun about working at startup that is just cloning a
           | bad old Amazon feature? Besides getting to call yourself a
           | "staff+" on Twitter, I mean.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | The meteoric title inflation is definitely interesting. I
             | consistently see people who were Analyst level at Fortune
             | 500s getting up to Director of X in a year or two at
             | startups. Seriously makes me question the quality of people
             | at these places if any random analyst is qualified to be a
             | manager of managers.
        
           | adamsmith143 wrote:
           | Well that's definitely subjective but in terms of Pay and WLB
           | I think big tech beats startups generally
        
           | ChasingEchoes wrote:
           | i guess its up to what everyone is looking for.
           | 
           | I personally avoid start-ups like the plague. To the point
           | where i dont even bother accepting linkedin requests from
           | startup people
           | 
           | Im not that big of a fan of "Big Tech" either, i wouldnt go
           | for something like FAANG, even if maybe the pay would be good
           | 
           | What gave me a happy life was "industry" firms. In my case
           | those were either consultancy/strategy firms (MBB/Big4 ) at
           | first, which was stressful, but had good advancement chances
           | (jumping steps based on performance) and very good networking
           | opportunities.
           | 
           | Now i've retreated in "an industry". In my case a forbes 100
           | company in the automotive sector (they have cloud systems and
           | develop software too). And life is bliss.
        
       | [deleted]
        
         | mxuribe wrote:
         | Oh, did you mean for that to rhyme? Shorten it a bit, and folks
         | would remember it more easily. ;-)
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Incentives matter. Aligning everyone's correctly matters. So much
       | of the story sounded "yeah but you can survive that" right up to
       | the point here:
       | 
       | >>> Sales, however, wanted the opposite: close many deals and hit
       | their targets of signups
       | 
       | If your salespeople are focused on selling to the wrong people
       | nothing matters. You are either Shopify taking years to build or
       | you are a rocket ship taking shortcuts - decide
        
       | edent wrote:
       | Can someone explain what Fast's USP was?
       | 
       | Every ecommerce platform I've used has a PayPal / Google Pay /
       | Klarna button.
       | 
       | I click it and my payment & shipping details are there. Seamless.
       | 
       | So what problem was Fast trying to solve?
        
         | bprater wrote:
         | If you want to use a traditional credit card (inside of Paypal
         | or GPay), your options are currently limited. Shopify has the
         | best implementation of this tech with ShopPay ... if you pay at
         | any Shopify merchant, you have the option for Shopify to
         | remember your digits. This streamlines checkout to a click or
         | two. That's the big USP of models like this - speed of
         | checkout.
        
           | dnissley wrote:
           | How are options limited by PayPal and GPay? What is a
           | "traditional credit card"?
        
         | tough wrote:
         | New klarna virtual cards for not needing ecommerce implementing
         | financing directly is genius. I guess with nowadays infra as
         | code for financing that makes sense in 2022
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Affirm is doing the same [1]. Debit rails are just easier
           | versus the integration schlep. If you're a fintech, you can
           | do all sorts of cool presentation and product offerings using
           | a virtual account attached to a deposit account (BNPL is one,
           | as is a hybrid credit/deposit account). Debit/virtual card
           | also empowers the consumer, as you're not beholden to the
           | merchant or their gateway provider to support a specific
           | fintech integration.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.affirm.com/debit
        
         | k__ wrote:
         | I first heard of it today.
        
         | miketery wrote:
         | USP?
         | 
         | Edit: found it, unique selling proposition.
         | 
         | And totally agreed, how do you compete with google pay, Apple
         | Pay, Instagram, etc. it's a losing game when you don't have
         | network effect.
        
         | Apocryphon wrote:
         | It's in the same category as whatever Bolt is doing.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" Most engineers joining didn't know much about why the one-
       | click checkout industry has the potential of billions."_
       | 
       | So why isn't this a standard feature of every shopping cart
       | program, including the cheap ones? The complicated part is that
       | you need "undo", valid for a while after ordering. That's what
       | makes one-click buy feel safe for customers. This complicates
       | inventory management. But you really need "undo" for an hour or
       | so after ordering.
        
         | rileyphone wrote:
         | Amazon had the patent but it expired recently AFAIK.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | That's the magic question.
         | 
         | 1) Carts are slow to evolve but they will.
         | 
         | 2) Bolt/Fast contain user based information, consumed from
         | their use on other sites. So there's a 'network effect'. If
         | they've shopped at ABC.com before your store, then you already
         | have their CC data ready to go in their car. Sort of like
         | Single Sign On but for carts.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | _Bolt /Fast contain user based information, consumed from
           | their use on other sites. So there's a 'network effect'. If
           | they've shopped at ABC.com before your store, then you
           | already have their CC data ready to go in their car. Sort of
           | like Single Sign On but for carts._
           | 
           | Uh oh. That has so much scam potential.
        
         | odonnellryan wrote:
         | Lots of sites do not have a good undo for orders. I ordered
         | from remarkable and their solution was to deny the package...
        
           | cush wrote:
           | I ordered a piece of furniture from Wayfair, and they had the
           | same response - deny the package.
           | 
           | Well the package arrived while I was at work. After calling
           | them 3 times to come pick it up, due to shipping delays they
           | were never able to, and eventually told me to keep it for
           | free.
        
       | why-el wrote:
       | This connects nicely with Dan's article from yesterday [1], if
       | only tangentially. I think a good habit is to instill a mindset
       | whereby there is a single metric for cost, possibly associated
       | with your main product, and keep track of that cost as it relates
       | to your infrastructure spending. I've seen it before work well.
       | For instance, if you sell computers, the cost could be, we spend
       | $100 on infrastructure per computer sold, and engineers can then
       | argue for spending more effectively.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30936189
        
         | sciurus wrote:
         | Will Larson had a good post on this recently-
         | https://infraeng.dev/efficiency/
        
           | why-el wrote:
           | Wonderful, thanks for sharing.
        
       | cush wrote:
       | I have Fast recruiter emails in my inbox from literally last
       | week...
        
       | eweise wrote:
       | I don't understand why $600K in revenue wasn't a giant red flag.
       | Maybe they don't tell the employees the revenue numbers? If so,
       | that is a giant red flag.
        
         | tschellenbach wrote:
         | I tend to tell potential new hires about our revenue, funding
         | raised, valuation etc. You wonder if there needs to be more
         | education on equity or if these people just went for the high
         | base salary.
        
       | tschellenbach wrote:
       | Compare revenue to funding raise/valuation. If those numbers are
       | out of whack just be aware that your equity is probably not going
       | to have a good outcome.
        
       | d3ntb3ev1l wrote:
       | con man as CEO is usually a good indicator
        
       | lmeyerov wrote:
       | Oof, just one of our customers pays about the same as their full
       | revenue, and we're a cockroach team.
       | 
       | The real thing here is they're not that surprising. A lot of
       | companies with their kind of funding use enterprise sales to
       | force say $5-10M ARR, but there's only so much VC money can force
       | for a leaky funnel, broken product, and overall incorrect market
       | + fit. I didn't appreciate this until maybe a year or two ago.
       | Valuation multiples in 50-100X range are super common (and even
       | wackier numbers in seed/a). Think make believe stories like "well
       | with another 12-18mo of growth this really just a bit over a 30X
       | on some future forward revenue multiple...". The cash almost
       | always leads to overspending, and it's highly unlikely the next
       | 2-3 raises won't blow up and everyone goes home. I'm actually
       | super impressed by the Docker team because they've been one of
       | those rare cases of crawling out of that trap, even if with a lot
       | less of the team.
       | 
       | We get job candidates with high competing offers for companies I
       | know to be rotten inside, yet there's only so much I can say.
       | "Our new hires are getting paid from customer revenue and with
       | equity that doesn't have $50M-$500M of investor thumbs on the
       | scales already cutting you out in 95% of the likely scenarios"
       | generally doesn't punch through the kool aid.
        
         | asadlionpk wrote:
         | > we're a cockroach team
         | 
         | is this a reference to
         | http://paulgraham.com/guidetoinvestors.html#:~:text=nuclear%...
        
         | pelagicAustral wrote:
         | I should be a part of a cockroach team, in my estimation.
        
         | mwcampbell wrote:
         | I'm not familiar with the phrase "cockroach team" in this
         | context, and the obvious web search didn't help. Can you please
         | elaborate?
        
           | alex_c wrote:
           | I'm not the op and this is the first time I've seen someone
           | else use the term, but I've used it too. Aspirationally -
           | small and impossible to kill. While a unicorn's goal might be
           | growth at all costs (with associated high chance of failure),
           | our goal is to survive anything that might get thrown our
           | way.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | small, surviving on crumbs.
        
           | lmeyerov wrote:
           | Hard to kill because they're financially independent. We
           | believe enough in the technology we're building (gpu-powered
           | graph ai & visualization) and the missions we're powering
           | (security, fraud, anti-misinfo, healthcare, etc.) that we
           | turned down large initial funding as it would have broken us.
           | So awhile back, being cockroaches meant running as cost-
           | effectively as we could (and still do, in fact, just not as
           | extreme) as we figured it out, and now that things are
           | working, it means prioritizing sustainable growth vs
           | financial games likely to fail.
           | 
           | In contrast, popular models prone to failure and largely
           | fueled by market phenomena like low inflation rates include
           | ad-based social media ("we'll turn on revenue in 5 years, no,
           | really!"), blitzscaling ("we'll eventually figure it out!"),
           | sales-driven growth ("our federal team will make our $ back
           | in 3-5 years, no really!"), acquihires ("with enough AI
           | talent we'll just sell our staff!").
           | 
           | I like venture capital, such as for deep tech and true
           | growth, but the reality is most tech VC funding is more about
           | financial engineering that assumes most of the portfolio
           | fails. They push for commercial scaling too early and wipe
           | out, which is fine for the rich VC who just needs 1-3 bets to
           | win. Fine for them, but sucks for most founders & employees
           | unless they job hop every 2 years. If we take VC $ again,
           | it'd be on our terms and with a clear payback/growth return.
           | 
           | A great way to kill an otherwise great idea & company is
           | putting VC $ in, which puts a company on overdrive and
           | financially implodes before it has a chance to figure things
           | out. They're addicted and likely can't stop relying on VC
           | without layoffs (or less likely, succeeding), at which point
           | many of the A players leave as well and hard to recover.
           | Instead, if a cockroach raises > $2M (so commercialization
           | phase), that should generate enough sales revenue that they
           | can keep organically growing in 18-24mo later even if a
           | follow-on round doesn't happen. You'll hear such cockroach
           | founders saying they don't even touch the money for months.
           | Numbers-wise, most Series A companies fizzle out, which is
           | because of this unicorn-or-bust structure.. and especially
           | whenever the market is not on a bull tear. With a bit more
           | time, they probably could have figured it out... but they
           | blew it.
           | 
           | Some articles: - Paul Graham's article on this:
           | http://www.paulgraham.com/badeconomy.html . -
           | https://medium.com/swlh/how-to-build-a-cockroach-startup-
           | ins... - https://medium.com/the-mission/be-a-cockroach-not-a-
           | unicorn-...
        
           | diehunde wrote:
           | Maybe they work at Cockroach Labs
        
           | altdataseller wrote:
           | Cockroaches just care about survival first and foremost.
           | Unlike unicorns that care about growing huge and taking over
           | the world
        
         | Jemaclus wrote:
         | > we're a cockroach team
         | 
         | I think I know what you mean by this, but I'm not sure. Could
         | you elaborate on what this means? Thanks in advance. :)
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | I infer that it means "small and hard to kill".
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > We get job candidates with high competing offers for
         | companies I know to be rotten inside,
         | 
         | I fell for this trick once when I was younger, but never again.
         | 
         | As it turns out, when companies are bleeding talent and
         | struggling to hire they suddenly find ways to pay well above
         | market rate. You can have a fancy title, too!
         | 
         | We had a competitor do something similar at a prior company. I
         | would tell candidates that we can't match their compensation
         | numbers but to come back if things don't work out at the other
         | company. I'd often get a message about 3-4 months later asking
         | if the job was still available
        
           | meetups323 wrote:
           | May help explain some Meta offers I've seen... 2 years out of
           | college? Sure, come as a Senior! That's not enough? Principal
           | it is!
        
             | naiwenwt wrote:
             | The problem is sometimes this is done for legitimate
             | reasons and genuinely does lead to stronger outcomes for
             | both employers and employees.
             | 
             | It's hard to tell the difference between "stop the
             | bleeding" title/pay inflation and "aggressively competing
             | for talent" inflation.
        
               | meetups323 wrote:
               | Differentiator is what other companies will pay. If GAM
               | all offer X, F offers 3X, and GAM refuse to budge on
               | their X... either F knows some deep dark secrets about
               | your capabilities which no one else can appreciate, or
               | they're bleeding talent.
        
       | willsi wrote:
       | That was fast...
        
       | twic wrote:
       | Informative but depressing looking at the salaries given in the
       | job listings at the end.
        
       | IMTDb wrote:
       | The key informations are here :
       | 
       | > Fast offered $200-240K/year in base salaries with full remote
       | work
       | 
       | > Sign-on bonuses were common and large. Those who asked for
       | almost always received sign-on bonuses of $20-50K as a one-off
       | payment
       | 
       | > Equity issued was lavish and presented as potentially life-
       | changing
       | 
       | > A good part of people are echoing how working at Fast was an
       | amazing experience. People liked the culture, and how employee
       | happiness was a priority.
       | 
       | What's not to like here ? Working for huge amount of money, in a
       | company whose culture puts employees happiness first, and
       | provides an amazing working experience.
       | 
       | Management did "all the right things" : remote ? check !
       | competitive salaries ? check ! amazing experience working there ?
       | check ! employees-first culture ? check !. Why would you even
       | _need_ to look elsewhere.
       | 
       | And when it all crashed and burned, the feeling is :
       | 
       | > There are people who are frustrated and disappointed with
       | company leadership, and how the bust came out of nowhere.
       | 
       | Trick is that it did not come out of nowhere, people just chose
       | to look away. It's easier to blame management (which is
       | definitely at fault as well !) than to say "I was paid way too
       | much compared to the actual value I was providing". When you are
       | paid $200k / year, you should _easily_ be able to justify that
       | your work generates more than several thousands of USD _alone_ ,
       | if you are unable to do that, you need to have a conversation
       | with your mirror as well - or just accept the fact that you are
       | benefitting from a system, which may crash and burn if too many
       | people are in this situation, or keep on living if you are an
       | exception.
        
         | deltarholamda wrote:
         | >When you are paid $200k / year, you should easily be able to
         | justify that your work generates more than several thousands of
         | USD alone
         | 
         | Revenue per Employee used to be a real metric that people used.
         | Of course, P/E ratios used to be sane as well.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | Is there anything actually new to learn here? Yes all equity is
       | hypothetical. Yes there is no guaranteed road to an IPO. Yes you
       | are taking a risk. People who take jobs at these kinds of
       | companies for the upside do (or at least should) know this.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | Don't work for a con artist with a long rap sheet.
        
       | me_me_mu_mu wrote:
       | i guess everything was fast
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | I never heard about Fast - till now. So my opinion is that they
       | failed in advertising. Maybe they spent too much on engineering
       | but definitely not enough on advertising.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | They died like they lived - Fast.
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | When I read the title, I thought this article was about
         | Netflix's speed test website fast.com, and thought they were
         | having some catastrophic outage or something.
        
       | davidkuennen wrote:
       | Holy shit. How do you even spend 10M/Month?
        
         | danesparza wrote:
         | It can be done. It's expensive. But it can be done.
        
         | waqf wrote:
         | You have 500 people and you spend 20k/month to employ each of
         | them.
        
         | 0xJRS wrote:
         | It seems very hard to do but I worked at a startup in the early
         | 2010s and we were spending >500k/m. We had ~25 employees, 7 of
         | them execs, all buying new homes and cars, meanwhile we had 1
         | single paying customer bringing in 10k/m. I told some of my
         | close colleagues that we probably had 6-12 months left when I
         | put in my resignation.
         | 
         | 12 months later they laid off 10 of the 12 remaining engineers.
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | > For senior software engineers, Fast offered $200-240K/year in
         | base salaries
         | 
         | Lets put everyone there. $20k/month.
         | 
         | > On Monday, 4th April, Fast laid off all of its workforce of
         | about 450 employees, of which about 150 were software
         | engineers.
         | 
         | That 150 at $20k/month is $3M by itself.
         | 
         | The other 300... if they were paid half of that would easily be
         | another $3M.
         | 
         | I'm certain there are other costs - but its easy to point to a
         | "if they were paying that much, this many employees represents
         | this much per month" that is a sizable fraction of that
         | $10M/month.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Makes no sense at all. Presumably whoever is allowing people to
         | be hired knows what the revenue figures are?
         | 
         | I suppose it's possible they thought there was some sort of dam
         | holding back business, which was about to burst, thus requiring
         | loads of staff to deal with.
         | 
         | But most people would just say "we'll cross that bridge when we
         | get there" and allow a bit of queuing up of customers, rather
         | than somehow hiring and training a bunch of people in
         | anticipation.
        
       | throwawayboise wrote:
       | This sounds very much like my experience with a dot-com flameout
       | in 1999.
       | 
       | Massive spending of VC investment money on offices, a sales team,
       | engineers, and a data center and servers to meet their expected
       | (hoped-for) scale (there was no cloud then).
       | 
       | No large clients on the platform. Not a lot of small clients
       | either, TBH.
       | 
       | One day out of the blue over half the company was let go. Some
       | effort to downsize and retool, but it seemed perfunctory. All the
       | rest of the staff was let go after another couple of months.
       | 
       | If you have no customers, you have no business.
        
       | taylodl wrote:
       | An important lesson I learned while working for a startup - pay
       | attention to the revenue stream and pay attention to expenses.
       | The two will not stay out of alignment for long. I've talked to
       | start-ups not paying any attention whatsoever to their revenue
       | stream, they seem to think the bonds are the revenue stream. Many
       | of those startups are quickly gone. When looking at a start-up
       | make sure they have a good grasp of their revenue, their
       | expenses, their revenue forecasts, etc. If they start hand-waving
       | or show numbers that are out of whack then you're better off
       | passing on their "opportunity."
        
       | buf wrote:
       | Wow, I make the same revenue as Fast as a one-man entrepreneur.
       | 
       | It really amazes me sometimes the strategies of these heavily
       | funded companies. Why pile on so much burn so quickly?
        
         | kache_ wrote:
         | Time to ring up some VCs, buf xD
        
           | buf wrote:
           | And end up like Fast?!
        
         | sydthrowaway wrote:
         | What do you do?
        
           | sodality2 wrote:
           | Their profile contains a website with some companies that are
           | probably related.
        
       | coldcode wrote:
       | I worked at a consulting firm in the late 90's (right before
       | Dotcom collapse) and we got a new CFO who bragged we were all
       | going to millionaires shortly. Most of us engineers thought he
       | was nuts as consulting firms are not exactly money engines. We
       | survived past the March cliff in 2001 but in mid summer we died
       | at 4:30PM with 20 minutes notice to leave the office before the
       | locks were changed. I never trusted a CFO new hire again...
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | If I was a FAANG hiring manager, I'd tear up any resume from
       | these get rich quick dollar chaser wannabes
        
       | lbrito wrote:
       | "Inside Fast's Rapid Collapse"
       | 
       | Can't believe they missed the chance to headline a pun with the
       | company's name
       | 
       | "That was one Fast collapse"
        
         | hidelooktropic wrote:
         | I'd assume it was on purpose, given the obviousness of the pun.
        
       | mwcampbell wrote:
       | I think the most applicable warning for engineers when it comes
       | to the actual work, as opposed to whether one should join a
       | particular startup, is this:
       | 
       | > Engineers calculated the load Fast had in needing to serve
       | their traffic. The Fast button was rendered less than 500,000
       | times per day - rarely needed to ever serve more than a few
       | requests per second.
       | 
       | > One of the few warning signs engineers noticed is how Fast
       | spent far more on infrastructure than the scale of the operation
       | would have called for. Engineers sometimes brought up suggestions
       | to scale infra down, and save costs - given there was not much
       | revenue generated.
       | 
       | Sounds like the whole thing could have run on a single cheap VM,
       | perhaps with a second one for redundancy.
        
         | rockostrich wrote:
         | This is pretty hilarious to read.
         | 
         | I did an interview screen with them at the end of last year for
         | a data engineering position (former coworker was high up on the
         | design side of things and he gave a referral). The first bit of
         | the technical question was just "write a SQL query" and boiled
         | down to doing a group by, count, and limit. The second was
         | something like "what if we needed to return this query from a
         | distributed system without going to the database?" without much
         | context.
         | 
         | As any sane interviewer would do, I asked for context around
         | scale, infrastructure, and what "without going to the database"
         | even meant. The interviewer just reiterated the question. I
         | started talking about different approaches depending on context
         | and all the interviewer did was tell me to program a solution.
         | Turns out all he wanted was a time-windowed hash-map to cache
         | values and the fact that it's a distributed system didn't
         | matter at all.
         | 
         | I think that just about sums up their approach to engineering
         | solutions.
        
         | fourseventy wrote:
         | I run a company in the e-commerce tech space. We handle ~1M
         | requests per day and run it all on a few medium sized VMs on
         | Google cloud for like $1k/mo.
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | time to raise a $100M and go w e b s c a l e
        
         | EinsDueTresFour wrote:
         | I would add that the "Sales vs engineering and sales winning"
         | would be a very relevant warning also:
         | 
         | > [sales] signed up a large number of smaller businesses on the
         | platform. [...] However, integrating these smaller businesses
         | was challenging thanks to several customizations needed for
         | each new customer.
         | 
         | The ratio of revenue per each small customer vs the total cost
         | of integration (and very likely on-going maintenance) was
         | probably at least an amber flag somewhere for those who had
         | visibility of it.
         | 
         | But maybe there was on-going hope that they would be able to
         | sign up a big customer and integrate them before they ran out
         | of money?
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | At some point managers often fear the "red flag" of "we have
           | a giant team with no work/customers". Hence, they will often
           | push for dubious consulting(ish) work to at least ensure
           | everyone remains busy.
           | 
           | Unfortunately this can lead to the outcome that the company
           | just loses more money.
        
           | ben7799 wrote:
           | Management probably really screwed this up if they were
           | really only making $600k/yr.
           | 
           | Places I've worked yearly contracts for B2B have been in the
           | $100k-$5M/yr range.
           | 
           | The customers paying $100k/yr barely get any integrations and
           | feature changes... they go for the ride. The customers paying
           | $1M+/yr get features on the double.
           | 
           | If Fast was doing integrations and customization for
           | customers that were paying $1000 or less a year something was
           | very very wrong.
        
           | vosper wrote:
           | > The ratio of revenue per each small customer vs the total
           | cost of integration (and very likely on-going maintenance)
           | was probably at least an amber flag somewhere for those who
           | had visibility of it.
           | 
           | At the last company I worked at (won't call them a startup,
           | just a 10-year old small business that somehow kept raising
           | funding but has never made a profit) I was astonished to
           | learn from a new CPO that in our tenth year we didn't know if
           | we were making money from a customer.
           | 
           | We had no idea how individual customers used the application,
           | which was very data intensive, or what that was costing us.
           | The information was there, but no-one ever looked. Every sale
           | was considered a success, even if it turned out to cost us 3x
           | in data costs and customer support. Often customer support
           | alone would make a sale into a loss.
           | 
           | We spent a relatively large portion of our revenue running
           | very expensive servers to respond instantly to searches that
           | no-one ever performed. I created detailed monitoring to show
           | this. I talked about them to everyone, including Product and
           | the CEO. No-one disputed those facts. But instead we had
           | several people essentially dedicated to downsizing
           | application servers and deleting unused S3 buckets, trimming
           | three zeros a month when we could have trimmed five.
           | 
           | I have learned not to assume that warnings are visible, that
           | people pay attention to them if they are visible, or that
           | anyone cares.
           | 
           | They're still circling the drain, still raising money
           | (somehow!) and I doubt anything's changed.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | > We had no idea how individual customers used the
             | application, which was very data intensive, or what that
             | was costing us.
             | 
             | Cost can be a difficult problem to solve! I've been working
             | on a project for about six months trying to identify just
             | how much it costs to deliver a unit of the thing we sell.
             | There's just so much variability, one customer might have
             | widgets that are 40kb in size and rarely ever run widget
             | analytics workloads, while another customer has 40mb
             | widgets and can't stop looking at them.
             | 
             | I feel for the whole "how do customers use the application"
             | thing too. Product analytics at most places seems to be a
             | concern long after features are developed.
             | 
             | "So how many customers have been using that feature we
             | spent two years and $20MM developing?"
             | 
             | "Good question."
             | 
             | "Soooo, mywittyname, can you figure out how many people at
             | companies with over 200 seats look at dog pictures after
             | opening an email with a 'C' in the title?"
        
             | truffdog wrote:
             | > We spent a relatively large portion of our revenue
             | running very expensive servers to respond instantly to
             | searches that no-one ever performed.
             | 
             | The last 7 years of my life as an SRE. It's maddening.
        
               | vosper wrote:
               | We also had multiple contractors working full-time for
               | months on a CI project that _was projected before it
               | began_ to save us at most a few thousand dollars a year.
               | In the end they half-delivered a poorly-built system
               | everyone hated, and I forced the abandonment of the
               | project and we went back to the old system.
               | 
               | It was the pet project of another team-lead, that no-one
               | else wanted. Group decision making is bizarre.
        
         | mylons wrote:
         | this sounds like Ridgeline, a startup most have never heard of,
         | founded by the founder of Workday and some of its early
         | employees.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I would hope this problem doesn't exist at startups but I've
         | seen it at entrenched institutions any number of time:
         | 
         | If your boss's boss or peers signed a contract for $1m a year
         | from Oracle, you're going to use Oracle even if Postgres is a
         | better product. And the only way to use Postgres in this
         | situation is if they don't know you're running it. Which puts
         | you in the uncomfortable situation of wanting to say, "But
         | Oracle sucks, look how successful we've been at using
         | Postgres?".
         | 
         | Basically if you don't already know that someone higher up the
         | food chain is comfortable with saying, "I've made a huge
         | mistake", you aren't going to 'help' them learn to do it by
         | pointing out they fucked up. What they're going to hear is that
         | you're asking them to say, "I just wasted a million dollars of
         | company money on something everybody hates," which not only are
         | they not going to do, but they're going to start thinking about
         | how to shoot the messenger.
         | 
         | As many conversations go in a couple of my hobbies and talking
         | to friends and acquaintances about health concerns, the answer
         | often starts with, "first, get a time machine" and ends with,
         | "or learn to live with it," often with some useful compromises
         | in between.
         | 
         | One of the important things to do early in your tenure at a
         | place is to bid various people in the management chain and
         | those who seem to be on a management track to see how open they
         | are to having their minds changed. Because you want to know
         | this when the stakes are low (also the blowback on low stakes
         | things seems to be less problematic). Then you know if or when
         | a boondoggle is in the making whether you can stop it before it
         | starts, or amplify all of the problems and kill it along the
         | way, or whether you should keep your head down and conspire to
         | keep the 'doggle at arm's length with those who agree with you.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > If your boss's boss or peers signed a contract for $1m a
           | year from Oracle, you're going to use Oracle even if Postgres
           | is a better product.
           | 
           | What you'd do in that situation is make the best of that $1M
           | contract you're stuck with anyway, while being flexible
           | enough to migrate away from that solution when it actually
           | makes sense to do so. Just because you've made a huge mistake
           | doesn't mean that making a different choice after-the-fact is
           | more sensible. Hindsight is always 20/20.
        
         | lolsoftware wrote:
         | The TailScale folks caught a bunch of flak for their "do things
         | that don't scale" approach to databases. But, honestly, most
         | startups would be better off following that approach than what
         | Fast did. Sounds like the engineers were just entertaining
         | themselves with shiny toys rather than solving the problems
         | they actually had.
        
           | xen0 wrote:
           | I wonder, how many engineers had full time jobs just
           | developing and maintaining the various integrations with all
           | their small clients?
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | I have to imagine they were all stepping on each other
             | and/or reinventing slightly different shaped wheels too.
             | 
             | My experience has been that companies who will customize
             | integrations for you have poorly designed products. By
             | that, I mean, when we ask for a feature, and they bring on
             | an engineer who does some requirements gathering then comes
             | back with some invisible solution. That's a major redflag.
             | 
             | The success of an integration, in my experience, is
             | directly proportional to the amount of the work I'm able to
             | handle as a client.
        
               | vimwizard wrote:
               | >My experience has been that companies who will customize
               | integrations for you have poorly designed products. By
               | that, I mean, when we ask for a feature, and they bring
               | on an engineer who does some requirements gathering then
               | comes back with some invisible solution. That's a major
               | redflag.
               | 
               | I'm feeling a bit called out right now (not an owner but
               | that's my experience, too)
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Tailscale's "database from 2022" is neither here nor there.
           | What you should do in this situation is use the most boring
           | tech, such as PostgreSQL with a simple HA setup. Thus
           | avoiding the "play with nifty toys" trap and maximizing the
           | chance of making appropriate choices.
        
             | mwcampbell wrote:
             | Perhaps one problem with the current backlash against over-
             | complicated infrastructure is that for some of us, doing
             | everything in one process on one machine using a local
             | embedded database is its own form of playing with nifty
             | toys.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | yeah, I guess, I'm not going to get too specific here but
               | I do think it would be nifty if I didn't go through a
               | couple 10 minute periods every day where I have to
               | basically shut everything down run a number of scripts,
               | then restart individual processes that are problematic,
               | to be able to work again.
               | 
               | Note that this basically works 99% of the time now and is
               | part of a learning process that had the whole thing
               | taking 2 - 5 hours every day for several weeks, down to 2
               | hours a day for several weeks after that, and now down to
               | the nearly inescapable 20 - 40 minutes a day I have now.
               | 
               | Yeah, not doing that would be my own form of playing with
               | nifty toys.
        
           | enra wrote:
           | > Sounds like the engineers were just entertaining themselves
           | with shiny toys rather than solving the problems they
           | actually had.
           | 
           | This is often the problem when hiring too fast. New employees
           | don't have context or direction but generally people try to
           | be productive, so they start inventing work.
           | 
           | Management team is new too, and not built up either direct or
           | handle the bandwidth and they also are lacking the direction.
           | Senior leadership and founders are likely busy hiring more
           | folks and potentially trying to sort through the chaos
           | described before.
           | 
           | IMO, pre-product market fit company shouldn't have 500
           | employees, maybe not even 10. These things don't become
           | easier with more people, usually everything gets harder and
           | slow. You also shouldn't have massive marketing or sales
           | force before you actually have product to sell and have
           | figured out your sales motion.
           | 
           | It seemed that Fast was just trying to shortcut their way to
           | be the next Stripe by hiring people instead of actually
           | working on the fundamentals like the product and business.
        
             | jakey_bakey wrote:
             | I find it absolutely crazy that companies do this.
             | 
             | My company's strategy is get one extremely solid person
             | across all our verticals (Android / iOS / Backend / Infra)
             | to minimise communication overhead and maximise iteration
             | speed (since we throw out half the code we write anyway).
             | 
             | I would be very hard pressed to hire more than 2-3 people
             | in each role even if we were offered 10s of millions.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Headcount perversely increases the valuation sometimes.
               | Hence, big head positions.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | _> My company 's strategy is get one extremely solid
               | person across all our verticals (Android / iOS / Backend
               | / Infra) to minimise communication overhead and maximise
               | iteration speed (since we throw out half the code we
               | write anyway)._
               | 
               | but ... but ... _that makes sense_ ...
               | 
               | I have found that having fewer _good_ engineers is _much_
               | better than lots of bad ones.
               | 
               | That approach is treated as heresy, in today's tech
               | industry.
        
               | mwcampbell wrote:
               | Perhaps the thinking is that it's easier to hire multiple
               | good-enough programmers to get dependable productivity,
               | and to replace one if something goes wrong. In the
               | extreme case, if a company has one programmer who is very
               | good when they're working at peak productivity, but then
               | they have a period of low productivity for whatever
               | reason, that company is in trouble. I've been that
               | person.
        
             | kevan wrote:
             | It's not just limited to startups. When my business unit in
             | Amazon spun up we hired way too fast and ended up having a
             | harder time shipping v1 of the product than if we would've
             | started lean and grown organically. We ended up spending a
             | lot of time on a modularized platform to enable ~5 matrixed
             | feature teams to contribute across iOS and Android apps.
             | Looking back, a small dedicated team for iOS and another
             | team for Android probably could've shipped v1 in less than
             | half the time with a lot less tech debt.
        
               | enra wrote:
               | Yeah for sure. I think even senior leaders forget the
               | team culture/context piece, and try to scale up too fast
               | because they are used to it in their current orgs or
               | previous companies.
               | 
               | If you have a 500 person org that has operated for years
               | you can probably add 10%-20% new people each year without
               | it breaking too bad. But it can be very hard to build a
               | complete function from 0 to 100 people within a year
               | because there is no infra, culture or understanding how
               | things work. The new people cannot be absorbed/aligned
               | because there is no central gravity so people easily end
               | up pulling different directions and spending their time
               | on internal coordination vs actual useful output.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | lmeyerov wrote:
           | It wasn't "doesn't scale to 10-100X bigger" but "doesn't burn
           | themselves and their teammates out 6mo from now and
           | needlessly risk a stressful & prolonged sev0 when one of the
           | 1-2 people who did weird things gets COVID / goes on a
           | honeymoon / leaves for netflix".
           | 
           | Spending time on needless infra (scale you don't need, AI you
           | don't need, infra you don't need, things could have been
           | postgres as in this case, ...) both prevents building useful
           | stuff ($-generating features/experiences/...) and increases
           | operational cost (maintenance, debugging, ...). Both the lost
           | revenue growth and the increased costs are _compounding_.
           | Imagine a maniac steadily piling on a bit more technical debt
           | every day and eat a bit more of the seed corn every day
           | instead of growing it.
           | 
           | A good phrase for this is "playing house":
           | http://www.paulgraham.com/before.html
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | Staying employed for another few decades without losing
           | seniority in an industry that expects you to stay current on
           | all of the latest hottest fads is a problem the engineers
           | actually had.
        
           | wnevets wrote:
           | > Sounds like the engineers were just entertaining themselves
           | with shiny toys rather than solving the problems they
           | actually had.
           | 
           | Programmers love to add the latest tech to their resume then
           | move on to a new position within ~18 months
        
             | CoastalCoder wrote:
             | That may be specific to early-mid career focus
             | 
             | If/when a developer builds deep knowledge of a problem
             | domain, things like framework-of-the-month may become an
             | unwelcome distraction.
        
           | randmeerkat wrote:
           | > Sounds like the engineers were just entertaining themselves
           | with shiny toys rather than solving the problems they
           | actually had.
           | 
           | More like, sounds like management was trying to get as much
           | money as quickly as they could from their VCs before it all
           | imploded. The engineers aren't at fault that management
           | didn't have a real product or vision.
        
             | mrkurt wrote:
             | We all know plenty of engineers who want to build things
             | for inappropriate scale. The company was a disaster, but
             | part of building a disastrous company is hiring the
             | engineers who want to make everything webscale and have no
             | sense of pragmatism.
        
               | randmeerkat wrote:
               | > The company was a disaster, but part of building a
               | disastrous company is hiring the engineers who want to
               | make everything webscale and have no sense of pragmatism.
               | 
               | I mean, the engineers held up their side of the bargain.
               | They were hired for webscale, the company got webscale...
               | 
               | Now, if this was a more strategic startup, that had tried
               | to hire pragmatic engineers, that insisted on webscale, I
               | would blame the engineers. However, in this case, I think
               | it's pretty clear that the engineers did exactly what
               | they were hired to do.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Pretty sure the reason they caught that flak is because they
           | chose to reinvent the wheel instead of do a normal thing that
           | would work until later - they're on their what - third
           | rewrite of that now?
           | 
           | Tootally worth the time /s
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | lolsoftware wrote:
             | I don't think that's a fair characterization of what
             | happened. First, they scaled a simple solution for a long
             | time and migrated away from it before it exploded
             | spectacularly. I don't recall them explicitly saying how
             | much time they spent on it, so how is it possibly to say
             | whether it was worth the time or not? I also don't remember
             | if it was here or on Twitter, but one of the engineers
             | listed the many features they built and shipped _instead_
             | messing with their database. I'd say that was a good
             | business decision - they got more features to their
             | customers sooner and dealt with a scaling issue before it
             | impacted customers.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | > The TailScale folks caught a bunch of flak for their "do
           | things that don't scale" approach to databases.
           | 
           | I've seen this repeated on HN, but never saw the alleged
           | flak.
        
           | SkyPuncher wrote:
           | I've done startup engineering for a while. I've seen exactly
           | 1 issue that we couldn't solve easily (N+1) or with simply
           | turning our server count up (often way cheaper than putting
           | an engineer to a problem).
           | 
           | Basically, to move development velocity faster we "load
           | everything". Seems like a really bad idea on the surface. In
           | practice, we only ran into an issue with a single customer
           | that was literally 1000x as large as the other customers. It
           | took about two weeks by 1 engineer to rework a select few
           | calls that were egregiously slow and we were back at it.
           | 
           | ----
           | 
           | In other words, even with some arguably inefficient technical
           | decisions, I've rarely if ever seen performance issues at
           | early stage startups.
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | And if you think this is undersized for comedic effect I did
         | ops for a company that went from <1mil to 15mil revenue (with
         | the same sales strategy of targeting lots of small clients) on
         | 4 1u white label supermicros. Two app servers and two MySQL
         | dbs. Never in my life had such reliable infrastructure.
        
           | StillBored wrote:
           | Early in my career when in a discussion with my manager at
           | the time, he threw out the "planes with two engines have
           | twice as many failures as single engine planes" line.
           | 
           | So in my now close to 30 years of experience later, working
           | on systems expected to run 24/7/365, I can't tell you what
           | percentage of failures and outages were caused by the
           | redundancy/fail-over/etc software and hardware layered into a
           | system, but its definitely a very significant part of the
           | problem. Frequently because its just that a "layer" someone
           | bolted on, even if that layer was some software engineer
           | designing for "web scale". All the edge cases are frequently
           | not completely thought out, and when you hit one its a lot
           | harder to recover, than simply restarting a single service
           | running on a single server.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | I once managed a thoroughly non-critical server that lived
             | in a closet. In the couple years I managed it, we had quite
             | a few failures due to the UPS tripping and no unscheduled
             | downtime at all from any other reason.
             | 
             | I've had massive problems with fancy (HPE, IIRC, but it
             | wasn't called HPE then) raid arrays caused by the
             | controller being a POS. Using plain mdraid would have been
             | far more reliable.
             | 
             | Sometimes I wonder if all the effort people put into
             | protocols that run Paxos and Raft could be better spent
             | running a small number of coordinator servers with manual
             | failover. I'm suspicious that, in many use cases, leader
             | elections cause failures more often than the leaders
             | themselves fail.
        
           | jjav wrote:
           | This is a big lesson to heed. Sure, sometimes a startup
           | really needs extravagantly scalable infrastructure. For the
           | 99.9% of startup, no, you don't.
           | 
           | So the odds are you don't. Keep it very simple, very small. I
           | can't highlight this enough. A few boxes will get you very
           | far. If you ever actually hit the limits, throw a big party
           | to celebrate success and only then start to think about
           | making your infrastructure a bit (just a bit) more complex.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | It would not have made a difference. Maybe they'd be losing
         | $9.9M a month instead of $10M a month.
        
           | whateveracct wrote:
           | Heh maybe if they also didn't hire a bunch of engineers to
           | scale out too, it would've helped..
        
           | mwcampbell wrote:
           | Sure, their primary problem was extravagant hiring, but I
           | think this is still an important warning for developers
           | working in fledgling companies that are appropriately
           | cautious on the hiring side.
        
             | mcphage wrote:
             | > Sure, their primary problem was extravagant hiring
             | 
             | I think their primary problem was a huge valuation--with
             | correspondingly huge expectations--but no real revenue. If
             | you're pulling in $600K revenue, but valued at $500M...
             | you're gonna have a bad time.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | > Tiny daily sales numbers which all employees received was the
       | first such warning sign. Internally, Fast was transparent on
       | sales. Every day, every employee would receive a sales summary
       | email that listed the number of sales completed with Fast
       | checkout, and the total sales amount.
       | 
       | > Fast did less than $300K worth of sales and below $6K in
       | revenue on most days from January 2022 to April 2022. There were
       | days with around $2,000 in revenue for Fast.
       | 
       | I'm actually surprised that everyone was receiving daily updates
       | of company revenue.
       | 
       | If you're surrounded by 100s of people at a company known to give
       | high base pay but you're seeing daily revenue numbers in the
       | range of $1K to $6K (they had $600K total revenue in 2021,
       | supposedly) then you have to know that your time is very limited.
       | 
       | I assume they were led to believe that more investment money was
       | just around the corner to keep the business going? With a $10
       | million monthly burn rate they would have needed a staggering
       | amount of capital to just continue to exist, let alone execute
       | any plans to turn the ship around.
        
         | meetups323 wrote:
         | The entire culture of b2b startups IME is "yes we're burning
         | money now, but just you wait till Moby Dick comes along... just
         | implement XYZ features marketing/sales says are important and
         | we'll have him in no time!"
         | 
         | Of course, this is somewhat tautological: if they weren't
         | burning money, they'd just be a company. Startup phase
         | complete.
        
           | ceeplusplus wrote:
           | The difference being that in successful B2B startups you
           | don't have 600k ARR at 500 employees.
        
         | gregdoesit wrote:
         | Author here. I was wrong on this information and updated the
         | article - got a correction since. L6 and above employees would
         | receive this: staff+ engineers, eng leadership, sales etc.
         | 
         | There are companies where this information does go out to all
         | employees in the spirit of radical transparency. Skyscanner is
         | an example where every day, every employee gets the full
         | revenue breakdown. These numbers are also shown on monitors
         | across the company.
        
           | Twirrim wrote:
           | >L6 and above employees would receive this: staff+ engineers,
           | eng leadership, sales etc.
           | 
           | So all the people that have the authority and capability of
           | saying "woah, woah, woah, we're building something far too
           | complicated" had all the information they needed to prove it,
           | and didn't. That's a fascinating sign of immaturity, and
           | arguably incompetence, at some level in the org. The article
           | points out engineers pushing up about scaling down
           | infrastructure, but it's not clear if that came from the
           | staff+ level or below (or both?), and leadership pushing
           | back, or quite what.
        
           | encoderer wrote:
           | Lol. L6.
           | 
           | Look no further folks. This guy Dominic was clearly LARPing a
           | startup.
           | 
           | Leveling frameworks before traction is a joke to me.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | That's what happens when you go on a crazy hiring spree.
        
             | deepinsand wrote:
             | I believe startups should implement levels once you hire 2
             | engineers. It's hard to retrofit a system, especially if
             | you're trying to be thoughtful about any pay imbalances.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _startups should implement levels once you hire 2
               | engineers_
               | 
               | I think OP is cracking a joke about a $600k company
               | having six levels of hierarchy.
        
               | deepinsand wrote:
               | Here's my experience:
               | 
               | - When you hire, you implicitly put people in a level
               | which dictates what you're willing to pay them.
               | 
               | - People will always feel underpaid, and demand more $$.
               | Without a system, you give them out arbitrarily.
               | 
               | - You now have enough people to add structure to the
               | process. Do you base people's levels on their current
               | salary? On their skill?
               | 
               | - What happens when people notice the discrepancy in pay
               | or skill among a level? Especially if it's skewed by
               | race, gender, etc?
               | 
               | I think you should have as many levels as pay-bands in
               | your startup, which might be 6.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Nobody wants to be a level 1. So the real level 1 was
               | probably L4.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | L1 is junior data center tech and junior helpdesk.
        
             | bps4484 wrote:
             | I completely disagree. They were 450 people with 150
             | engineers. If I had to guess I would bet the engineers
             | clamored for leveling and it came from bottoms up requests
             | and a need to be fair with compensation when hiring.
             | 
             | Now to be clear they shouldn't have been that big
             | (clearly), but leveling people was not the problem.
        
             | whymauri wrote:
             | I worked at a company where the founder manufactured an
             | inane 13 level hierarchy (at seed!!!). We had two
             | engineers, all level one, lol.
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | So there were 14 employees total, if I had to guess? /s
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | Even startups benefit from job titles and hierarchy.
             | 
             | Even startup employees benefit from a visible promotion
             | path. Remember, they had hundreds of employees. Not just a
             | couple people in a small office somewhere.
             | 
             | Most likely, the levels corresponded to pay bands and
             | helped determine where people fit into the seniority
             | hierarchy (such as determining who receives sensitive daily
             | information updates)
        
               | sergiotapia wrote:
               | Levels before you even have product market fit is a joke.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | alar44 wrote:
               | Yeah that's all fine and good but 6 levels is ridiculous
               | for a new startup. My company has been around for 30
               | years, doing $75 million in sales this year, has 300
               | employees and we now have 4 levels, one more than last
               | year, and even that feels artificial.
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | You are 100% right -- for late stage startups where you
               | would normally see 500 people.
               | 
               | At the Fast stage, the only viable promotion path is ship
               | work that impacts the business or close deals that bring
               | in revenue. The promotion levels game is something you
               | play in larger organizations to engineer a rat race for
               | people because it turns out they really like that. But
               | no, a startup does not benefit from hierarchy quite the
               | opposite in fact. That crap is all overhead it's
               | necessary as you grow but actually detrimental to your
               | success.
        
               | bps4484 wrote:
               | they were a company of nearly 500 people. they had 150
               | engineers. At that stage people who don't have levels
               | will feel like they have no direction.
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | This is just such a big company mentality.
               | 
               | Yes, you need like Engineer and Senior Engineer and then
               | when you have some rock stars who actually _move the
               | business forward_ they are your principles and /or future
               | directors.
               | 
               | To try to build this all up ahead of time, show me where
               | it's ever worked? When Google was that size they were
               | playing with having _no managers at all_.
        
           | xrd wrote:
           | That's really fascinating information.
           | 
           | Dashboards are all the rage as a way to get teams aligned
           | around "critical numbers" (the metrics that matter).
           | 
           | But, if your dashboards start telling a story of
           | impossibility, your best people are going to leave earlier
           | rather than hang on.
           | 
           | A definite downside to the dashboard cult.
        
             | uoaei wrote:
             | It's only a downside if the company's priorities are so
             | completely misaligned vs employees' priorities. But at that
             | point, I would call that misalignment the downside!
        
             | nosianu wrote:
             | Is it? Maybe it's good if the decision to abandon ship is
             | distributed over more people?
             | 
             | It hinges on one thing that I don't know: How likely are
             | already failing companies to recover? Probably with the
             | added condition that incoming help is not foreseeable,
             | because if it's failing but people know help is coming that
             | takes away some of the negative signaling.
             | 
             | I suspect that most of the times struggling companies won't
             | get better, or at beast will continue to struggle and never
             | make it big.
             | 
             | If that is the case, it will be better for both parties,
             | not just the employees but also for the founders, if the
             | life of this failed attempt of a business is cut short. I
             | know first hand that when you are heavily invested pulling
             | the plug yourself is really hard. I have no data, but I
             | would not be surprised if the problem of staying too long -
             | for founders too - is larger than the opposite, pulling the
             | plug too early. Not that the latter is easy to show, since
             | even if you get a large sample, you will never know for
             | certain for many of the data points what would have
             | happened if the plug had not been pulled without parallel
             | mirror universes.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | > staff+ engineers, eng leadership,
           | 
           | How does this even exist at a company with essentially no
           | revenue? This should be at most 1 person in "staff+
           | engineers, eng leadership"
        
             | gregdoesit wrote:
             | This is a hallmark of a scaleup which assumes it will
             | become a massive company in a short amount of time, and
             | sets up its structure accordingly.
             | 
             | There are times when a gamble like this pays off. Take how
             | Uber built their organization and systems similar to how
             | Google did it, even when they were smaller.
             | 
             | In the case of Uber, their approach, you could argue, paid
             | off in the sense that Uber did get traffic that would have
             | been non-trivial to handle, and complex business use cases
             | that it could handle easier thanks to it's structure.
             | 
             | My view is that this approach is an all-or-nothing setup
             | and it might end up poorly - and spending WAY more money
             | than needed - than if taking it one step at a time.
             | 
             | Also note that Uber did operate in an environment when it
             | could raise ridiculous amounts of money as it scaled up.
             | This doesn't seem to be the case in the current funding
             | environment of 2022, which has cooled down considerably
             | from 2021.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Uber had revenue and millions of customers begging for
               | someone to offer the service.
               | 
               | Google did not have "staff+" when it was starting out. It
               | had founders and a couple of hires.
        
               | gregdoesit wrote:
               | Great points on both. Uber, indeed, did not have
               | engineering levels beyond senior engineer until year 2 or
               | 3 as far as I know (I joined later, but talked with
               | several early engineers while there).
               | 
               | I was trying to play devil's advocate but I have to agree
               | that pre-product-market-fit, these levels are likely an
               | overkill and distract from the real problem: validating
               | product-market fit.
        
         | axg11 wrote:
         | Amongst a sea of negatives, that they continued to share these
         | numbers with employees is a positive mark for the culture at
         | Fast. Sure, it's easy to say with hindsight that Fast employees
         | should have seen the demise coming. On the other hand, they
         | also watched one of the founders raise $100M+ from Stripe.
         | Perhaps they thought the burn could continue and eventually the
         | product would reach traction.
        
         | brundolf wrote:
         | > I'm actually surprised that everyone was receiving daily
         | updates of company revenue.
         | 
         | My company posts daily new user signups in #general on Slack.
         | That's not quite revenue, but you could almost extrapolate
        
       | betaby wrote:
       | I've never heard about Fast before I read the article. I don't
       | know whether I live in a bubble or SV lives in a bubble.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | I thought Netflix had spun off https://fast.com
        
       | gowld wrote:
       | > one-click checkout scaleup Fast
       | 
       | a what now?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | karmasimida wrote:
       | > the company only generated $600K in revenue in 2021
       | 
       | Ain't none of the investors catch this ... ? Losing money is one
       | thing, but this seems to me as really low growth right?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | eatonphil wrote:
         | Presumably they did catch this because they weren't able to
         | raise a new round.
        
       | karmasimida wrote:
       | > the company only generated $600K in revenue in 2021
       | 
       | Ain't none of the investors catch this ... ? Losing money is one
       | thing, but this seems to me as really low growth
        
         | louthy wrote:
         | This is what surprised me. It seems the board was asleep at the
         | wheel, failing in their fiduciary responsibilities
        
       | eterm wrote:
       | > every small business needed custom engineering work to be done,
       | making integration slow
       | 
       | This is the killer for SMEs. If you're not selling to enterprise,
       | find a solution you can whitebox and quickly ship with minimum
       | customisation.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-04-07 23:00 UTC)