[HN Gopher] Europe's now-drowned 'lost world' and the 25m-high t...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Europe's now-drowned 'lost world' and the 25m-high tsunami that
       finished it off
        
       Author : bandibus
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2022-04-18 15:41 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (everythingisamazing.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (everythingisamazing.substack.com)
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | Turns out it was about 2.5m. Off by factor 10. And only a wild
       | theory for the disappearance of Doggerland.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storegga_Slide
        
       | greatpostman wrote:
       | I think it's pretty clear that sophisticated societies existed
       | long before recorded history. They may not have had the tools of
       | working with metal, but they definitely had sophisticated
       | philosophical views and moral frameworks. I would bet this goes
       | back even 30-50 thousand years. This idea that humanity sprang up
       | out of nothing in Sumerian/Babylon is very contrived. There was
       | an ice age ten thousand years ago, the cessation of which caused
       | the floods, which destroyed large swaths of human "civilization"
        
         | drewcoo wrote:
         | Civilization means people living in cities. To do that,
         | agriculture is probably needed. There's also probably some
         | level of specialization and accompanying social stratification.
         | 
         | History is written records.
         | 
         | There were many prehistoric societies, but because civilization
         | tended to have some form of written records, the prehistoric
         | societies are not considered civilizations.
         | 
         | No scholars would clai that humanity sprang out of nothing in
         | those places. I mostly hear that from bible literalists. But if
         | some of their people weren't in cities, the society was not
         | civilized. And if there was nobody to write about them they
         | were prehistoric.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > if there was nobody to write about them they were
           | prehistoric
           | 
           | A comment from a documentary about Rome stuck in my mind, it
           | goes something like : _" There is no history of Europe before
           | Rome because for most of Europe, history starts with Rome
           | conquering that region. They were the first to write anything
           | down."_
           | 
           | Similarly, we know how slavic peoples migrated into Europe
           | because those regions stopped sending written updates back to
           | Rome. Did they then revert back to pre-history? Or does a
           | region continue to "have history" even if for a few centuries
           | nobody in that area writes anything down?
        
             | sorokod wrote:
             | How about ancient Greece? Also Europe as something that has
             | a cultural identity is relatively new, difinitley postdates
             | Rome.
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | or Egypt
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | Yes, except that is not Europe but the distinction is
               | anachronistic hence my comment.
        
           | habosa wrote:
           | You might be interested to read "The Dawn of Everything"
           | which discusses all of this. Cities and agriculture are far
           | from requirements to have civilization.
           | 
           | https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/314/314162/the-dawn-of-
           | every...
        
           | anonAndOn wrote:
           | Under these terms, all 400+ tribes north of the deserts of
           | North America were prehistoric until the arrival of the
           | European and some paper.
        
             | Tuna-Fish wrote:
             | Yes. This is absolutely correct. The generally accepted
             | view is that prehistory ended and history started on the
             | North American continent roughly mid 1490's.
             | 
             | This only sounds prepostrous if you don't understand what
             | the terms mean.
             | 
             | This is also roughly the timeframe when the last stone-age
             | society near Europe finally got subjugated by Europeans and
             | stone age finally ended in the old world, when the Spanish
             | crushed the Guanches in the Canaries.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | There were plenty of urban centers in the Americas prior to
             | European arrival, e.g. Cahokia:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahokia
        
               | anonAndOn wrote:
               | That addresses civilization but not prehistory as there
               | is no known record of written language north of the
               | desert barrier.
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | Genuine question, how much evidence of agriculture would
           | survive an ice age, being crushed under the weight of 2 mile
           | thick ice sheets and then washed away or engulfed by bodies
           | of water once they've melted?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > There were many prehistoric societies, but because
           | civilization tended to have some form of written records, the
           | prehistoric societies are not considered civilizations.
           | 
           | What about cave paintings?
        
             | pas wrote:
             | That's archeology or something, not real history :)
        
             | jl6 wrote:
             | I personally find cave paintings to be compelling evidence
             | for a behaviourally modern mind. They demonstrate great
             | skill. The artists did not live in cities or have
             | agriculture or writing, but I have little doubt that they
             | perceived the world as we do, and were capable of
             | essentially the same speech and thought patterns as we are.
             | It's an awe-inspiring tragedy and mystery that those lives
             | were lived in a manner so unknown to us, and yet
             | potentially so relatable to us.
             | 
             | They absolutely would have had conversations around
             | campfires. Talking about what, I wonder?
        
           | dleslie wrote:
           | There are known city sites that predate agriculture in their
           | regions.
        
             | pmlnr wrote:
             | Example, source, etc?
        
               | JanisErdmanis wrote:
               | A comprehensive evidence around the world with sites and
               | prehistoric periods are well outlined in the last David
               | Grabaur's book "The Dawn of Everything".
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | I assume you're referring to Catalhoyuk
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk)?
        
               | ge96 wrote:
               | Interesting the sand bags, I do see a concrete wall
               | around the whole thing.
               | 
               | It's great people care enough to set that
               | up/preserve/study it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | api wrote:
         | This fits a pattern in science: the further we look, the more
         | we find.
         | 
         | First we thought the Earth was the center of the universe. Then
         | we thought it was just our solar system. Then we thought the
         | Milky Way Galaxy was the whole of the universe. Some
         | astronomers persisted in this belief all the way up to the
         | 1920s. Now...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Deep_Field
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Ultra-Deep_Field#Hubble...
         | 
         | ... and we've just launched the JWST which will be able to see
         | a lot further than Hubble.
         | 
         | Gobekli Tepe pushed the date for civilization back a few
         | thousand years:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobekli_Tepe
         | 
         | It'll probably get pushed back some more. Also I've always
         | thought there are too many flood myths around the world for it
         | to be chance. No I don't think there was a true global flood
         | since it makes no sense, but the end of the ice age would have
         | brought sea level rise and enormous regional floods due to
         | things like the bursting of glacial dams. This would have
         | occurred over the same period of time across the world, leaving
         | behind traces in myth and legend but also physically destroying
         | a lot of evidence of civilizations in the path of these
         | disasters.
        
         | HuShifang wrote:
         | On the flip side, let's also not forget that the earliest
         | civilizations (so to speak) were also rather different from
         | later ones in some striking ways. Put simply, they were a lot
         | more literal-minded, and didn't engage in as much abstraction
         | as did their descendents. Ancient fertility statues (even as
         | late as classical Greece and Rome) are grotesquely over-
         | endowed; ritual sacrifices of food and symbolic objects have in
         | many places taken the place of sacrificed slaves or wives.
         | Mesopotamian city states would fight wars because, like a frat
         | prank, one would steal a statue of a god like Marduk from the
         | other's temple -- only, there was no notion that it was a
         | statue, rather it _was_ the god. Early Egyptian murals speak to
         | the power of kings by showing piles of dicks their soldiers had
         | cut off of defeated enemies (unlike Egyptians they were
         | uncircumcised). And there 's the whole mummification thing,
         | which betrays a certain literal-mindedness about immortality.
         | So yeah, it's a spectrum - but both before and after the "rise
         | of civilization"
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | This seems like unjustified speculation; people could look at
           | e.g. people leaving cookies and milk out on Christmas Eve as
           | an example of how modern Americans are poor at abstraction
           | and have to give literal offerings to their god Santa Claus.
           | 
           | AFAWK there has been no significant change in the anatomy of
           | humans in the past 200k years, and similarly nothing to
           | indicate that we've had major changes in things like our
           | ability to abstract. The bicameral theory of mind has been
           | thoroughly discredited.
        
             | HuShifang wrote:
             | You can _always_ find examples of irrational behavior, but
             | the difference is scale. Today a major state isn 't
             | spending inordinate resources to ensure that the cookies
             | left for Santa are prepared using the finest ingredients
             | (say, a few million dollars' worth of gold) by the most
             | accomplished bakers, and then placed on a dish so large
             | that it can be seen from space (and hundreds or thousands
             | of people died making it).
             | 
             | If you can show me the tomb of a prominent world leader
             | from the last, let's say, 500 years that's decorated with
             | images of his/her enemies' severed genitalia, I'll concede
             | the point.
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | I feel that the problem with your claim is that within
               | 500 years all humans everywhere have suddenly become
               | abstracters extraordinaire, which just seems terribly
               | unrealistic.
               | 
               | Generally every theory which talks about these great
               | leaps in human cognition, and ties these to human
               | "development" while ascribing diminished intellectual
               | capabilities to our ancestors, seems to fall apart after
               | scrutiny (e.g., Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, bicameral theory
               | of mind).
               | 
               | Also, we've seen plenty of "undoing" of abstraction in
               | long-continuing cultures. E.g., in Hinduism, idol worship
               | wasn't really a thing in Vedic times, and only became
               | popular in Puranic times (over a 1000 years later). Many
               | Hindus do believe that some idols contain portions of
               | gods, especially those idols that reside ones in "big"
               | temples. I would not say that these folks have lost their
               | ability to abstract. As another example, post-Vedic
               | religion underwent a large amount of abstraction in the
               | Upanishads, but then reverted to personification of
               | deities via the bhakti movement and in Puranic religion.
               | Again, I wouldn't say that Hindus lost their ability to
               | think abstractly.
        
           | ativzzz wrote:
           | > grotesquely over-endowed
           | 
           | Download almost any anime-style game off the Google Play
           | store and you'll see the exact same thing
        
             | HuShifang wrote:
             | Yeah, that's why I hesitated to include it on the list, but
             | I don't think such representations are very common in
             | religious contexts today (and these statues do seem to have
             | been religiously significant, e.g. all the Venus statues
             | from prehistoric Europe and the Middle East)
        
           | thechao wrote:
           | I'm not sure I've ever seen "literal mindedness" argued like
           | this in recent works? Do you have any papers or books you
           | could point to where an archeologist or historian argues
           | this?
           | 
           | Most of the recent academic work I'm familiar with tends to
           | emphasize the opposite case, tempered by the fact that
           | ancient _religion_ and _culture_ tend to be very alien. Take,
           | for instance, popular reviews by Irving Finkel in his  "Noah"
           | book, or Ed Barnhart's work on the Moche, etc.
        
             | HuShifang wrote:
             | Well, I _am_ a working professional historian of the
             | premodern world, and this is certainly my impression from
             | years of reading Chinese-language primary sources about
             | China during the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. Spend
             | some time with the literature, and you 'll read how Mohists
             | coupled careful logic and quasi-scientistic reasoning with
             | "ghosts who will punish you if you're bad," about how Han
             | dynasty tomb exterior-door inscriptions talk extensively
             | about how the decedent's family loves them but earnestly
             | hopes to never, ever see them again, because if they did it
             | would mean the decedent left their tomb to punish them for
             | their unfilial conduct. (And you'll read how gingerly the
             | subject of human sacrifice in the distant past, or emperors
             | indulging itinerant "Daoist" rainmakers, to the
             | considerable chagrin of more secular-minded officials, is
             | handled.) I can't point to anything synoptic on the Chinese
             | case -- early China scholars tend to make a lot (frankly
             | _too_ much) out of a little (we don 't have _that_ many
             | texts -- but Herbert Fingarette 's "Confucius: The Secular
             | as Sacred" was formative for all the early China people I
             | studied with on a more intellectual register. One
             | controversy that gets lots of play: whether Confucius urged
             | performing the rituals "as if" the dead were present, or if
             | they _were_ actually present. Linguistically, the phrasing
             | is entirely open to the latter, even if people like to make
             | the thinking presented in the  "Analects" out to be more
             | modern-seeming. At the risk of giving too much of a peek
             | behind the curtain, so to speak, broadly speaking -- this
             | being several decades since Foucault made his mark --
             | careers get made by either emphasizing the past's
             | surprising lack of alterity or by finding some spectacular,
             | flamboyantly surprising new form of alterity. And the
             | former is rather easier to pull off than the latter.
             | 
             | But, I read about the piles of genitalia in Toby
             | Wilkinson's "The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt" and about
             | the god-statues in Trevor Bryce's "Babylonia: A Very Short
             | Introduction."
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | > This idea that humanity sprang up out of nothing in
         | Sumerian/Babylon is very contrived.
         | 
         | I don't think anyone believe that's the case? It's just what we
         | have records for. You need a lot of prior development to arrive
         | to the point where you have recorded history.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | Eh, maybe no one who's thought critically about it, but past
           | the "earth is 6,000 years old" crowd I think you'll find a
           | "cilization is 10,000 years old, before which we were hunter
           | gatherers" crowd
        
             | bitxbitxbitcoin wrote:
             | I think most people are just repeating what they learned as
             | children and haven't given it much more thought. So the
             | answer is usually some combination of religious influences,
             | when you were schooled, and what textbook your teacher was
             | using.
             | 
             | In 2008, this is what a certain group in Hollywood thought
             | 10,000 B.C. was like... anachronisms and all.[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_BC_(film)
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | The ice age itself would have had glaciers grinding down all
         | evidence to nothing. Even our metal based structures would not
         | withstand it very well over a few thousand years.
         | 
         | I agree that it doesn't make sense for there to be a _single_
         | 6,000 year time period of human prosperity and collaboration,
         | its much more likely that there have been multiple periods over
         | a 200,000 time span. Perhaps some traits in humans continually
         | set us back to a rudimentary lifestyle with thinned
         | populations.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | Early civilizations did not appear out of nothing 6000 years
           | ago. The earliest evidence of cereal harvesting in the Middle
           | East is from 23000 years ago. The transition from hunting and
           | gathering to sedentary farming communities took over 10000
           | years, and those communities needed thousands of years to
           | grow into large sophisticated cities.
           | 
           | It's also good to remember that there has been an ice age for
           | the last 2.5 million years. The climate is generally too cold
           | and dry for agriculture, except during relatively short
           | interglacial periods. Maybe there was an opportunity for a
           | civilization to develop in the Eemian period 130k to 115k
           | years ago, but that was likely the only window of
           | opportunity.
        
           | robonerd wrote:
           | > _Even our metal based structures would not withstand it
           | very well over a few thousand years._
           | 
           | Well, not steel framed buildings or anything like that. But
           | our modern civilization has certainly done things that I
           | think stand a good chance of lasting hundreds of millions of
           | years. Take for instance glass bottles. Those tossed into the
           | ocean won't last more than a few decades before they're
           | eroded to nothing (see: sea glass), but we've created _so
           | many_ glass bottles and distributed them so far and wide, it
           | is virtually certain that many of them will survive in the
           | soil for a very _very_ long time. There is no doubt that
           | glass can last for millions of years under the right
           | conditions; there is a lot of volcanic glass around that
           | attests to this. There are so many glass bottles in landfills
           | or littered around the world, at least some of them are
           | certain to be in geologically stable conditions.
           | 
           | Then there are things like mountaintop removal mining. Maybe
           | normal quarries get filled in and hidden over time, but
           | there's no hiding the top of a mountain being sliced right
           | off.
        
             | gibolt wrote:
             | Humans were not mass manufacturing things back then, and
             | there were orders of magnitude less people.
             | 
             | On top of that, we don't even have exact knowledge of where
             | to look. Most places we do discover have plenty of signs
             | and evidence, they are just buried under 10ft of dirt and
             | thus essentially undiscoverable.
        
               | robonerd wrote:
               | > _Humans were not mass manufacturing things back then_
               | 
               | Ah, but how do you know that? You weren't there. ;)
               | 
               | Sometimes the absence of evidence _really is_ evidence to
               | the contrary, but other times it isn 't. It all depends
               | on whether or not it's reasonable to expect evidence to
               | be found given the amount of looking we've done and the
               | nature of the evidence we're looking for. If we don't
               | find a ton of glass coke bottles in the soil around the
               | world, after digging around in innumerable construction
               | sites on almost every corner of the globe, that's
               | _strong_ evidence that nobody was mass manufacturing coke
               | bottles 50k years ago.
               | 
               | Contrast that with the lack of evidence for ancient
               | wooden sailing vessels. We don't have any evidence of
               | wooden ships 50k years ago. But supposing there were a
               | shipbuilding culture back then, would we really expect to
               | find evidence for it? All those wood artifacts would be
               | LONG gone, even the oldest bog wood ever found is less
               | than 10k years old. In this case, the absence of evidence
               | is weak evidence to the contrary at best.
        
           | rfwhyte wrote:
           | Were that the case we'd have evidence of the "Material
           | culture" of these cultures, yet we do not. Conversely, we
           | have literally TONS of archaeological evidence of Neolithic
           | hunter-gatherer people spread across the entire world during
           | these so called "Lost ages" so personally I think it's
           | preposterous to assume that somehow some advanced
           | civilization that left absolutely ZERO trace of it's supposed
           | grandeur existed beside a hunter-gatherer civilization for
           | which we have plenty of archaeological evidence.
           | 
           | It's a certainly fun through experiment to think of some lost
           | ancient civilization with glittering cities and high
           | technology that was ground down to dust by the last ice-age,
           | but there's literally no factual evidence to support such a
           | notion and plenty of factual evidence to disprove it, so it's
           | best not to get sucked too far down that particular
           | irrational rabbit-hole.
        
           | 7speter wrote:
           | A good chance that the glaciers might have also grounded
           | whole societies as well
        
             | saalweachter wrote:
             | Eh, that doesn't get you much. Glaciers weigh heavy on the
             | minds of North Americans and Northern Europeans, but they
             | didn't reach much further -- no civilization south of, say,
             | 40N would be obliterated by the glaciers themselves such
             | that we would expect no trace to remain today.
             | 
             | Sea level change would be a bigger global risk, but aside
             | from _sudden_ flooding, you would expect that to just push
             | _back_ an established civilization to the uplands of their
             | territories rather than wiping them out root and branch.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | Oh yes, any number of things could be less conducive to
             | human life or a large population.
             | 
             | I'm just thinking war tactics and war machines keep it in
             | check too.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | We can only go by what we know and what we have evidence for.
         | Sure, other small civs likely existed, but we don't have known
         | evidence of them and their history, etc. At most we have tombs
         | and archeological ruins to go by. So we go with the earliest
         | civs for whom we have written evidence as well as lots of
         | physical evidence for in addition to present-day influence.
         | Otherwise things start to get very speculative.
        
           | animal_spirits wrote:
           | Yeah we shouldn't say we "know" that advanced civilizations
           | existed, but there's nothing wrong with hypothesizing that
           | they did. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
        
             | donkeybeer wrote:
             | But we must also be careful not to get into Russel's teapot
             | territory in the course of our hypothesizing.
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Plato wrote about it.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaeus_(dialogue)
           | 
           | "Let me begin by observing, first of all, that nine thousand
           | was the sum of years which had elapsed since the war which
           | was said to have taken place between all those who dwelt
           | outside the Pillars of Heracles and those who dwelt within
           | them: this war I am now to describe.
           | 
           | Of the combatants on the one side the city of Athens was
           | reported to have been the ruler, and to have directed the
           | contest; the combatants on the other side were led by the
           | kings of the islands of Atlantis,"
        
           | robonerd wrote:
           | > _We can only go by what we know and what we have evidence
           | for_
           | 
           | There is nuance here, in the degree to which uncertainty due
           | to lack of evidence is surfaced in scientific communications
           | for the public.
           | 
           | Take for instance, the behavior of dogs. Science cannot [yet]
           | objectively answer the question of how much the subjective
           | qualia of a dog is comparable to the qualia of humans. What
           | then can we say about whether dogs feel 'love'? Some might
           | say that science has not yet answered this question; that is
           | fine.
           | 
           | But others get overeager and assert that because science
           | hasn't demonstrated that dogs feel love, the scientific
           | position is to assume all apparent demonstrations of love
           | from dogs are little more than elaborate food seeking
           | behavior. This goes too far, it assumes a lack of evidence is
           | evidence to the contrary, implicitly treating science as
           | complete until proven otherwise. I think this overzealous
           | sort of 'scientific' thinking reflects a _dog_ matic attitude
           | which is actually antithetical to the real scientific method.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | It's a great point.
             | 
             | When you get to the edge of knowledge, ignoring obvious
             | things and glossing over tends to rule the day.
             | 
             | Knowing what we know about people, it seems absurd to think
             | that people just went poof, "civilization" has arrived!
             | There were a lot fewer humans in the past, and hundreds of
             | generations are lost to time. But the narrative of the
             | pageant of history, often leading to the <insert nation
             | here> greatness of today doesn't work with "I don't know"
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | Well, it would seem like the middle way would be to
             | postulate things such as these but not assert them as
             | 'received knowledge'. And just as we might postulate that
             | dogs can experience love, we can also postulate the
             | opposite and discuss both without giving one a
             | preponderance of support till we can develop such support.
        
             | Cupertino95014 wrote:
             | "qualia" -- what does a $2 word like this say that a $0.25
             | word like "qualities" doesn't?
        
               | robonerd wrote:
               | I chose to use that word to preempt nitpicky objections
               | about measuring oxytocin in dog brains (which doesn't
               | actually tell you anything about the subjective
               | experience the dog feels.) 'Qualia' refers specifically
               | to the subjective conscious experience, which is
               | something science is presently ill-equipped to answer
               | questions about. The word 'qualities' does not have the
               | same rhetorical effect.
               | 
               | As an aside, what's the point of complaining about
               | uncommon words? Dictionaries have never been more
               | convenient to use. If you didn't know the word before,
               | then in about 5 seconds you can learn what it means and
               | your personal vocabulary will be enriched.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | > If you didn't know the word before, then in about 5
               | seconds you can learn what it means and your personal
               | vocabulary will be enriched.
               | 
               | That was me and I was glad to learn it. Thanks for using
               | it!
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | "qualia" are the internal experiences of sensory
               | perceptions of the subject, "qualities" are the
               | attributes of the subject. They look a bit similar, and
               | are etymologically connected, but their denotations are
               | about as far apart as is possible for words that are the
               | same part of speech.
        
               | Peritract wrote:
               | Precise language is useful for discussing complex ideas
               | precisely.
               | 
               | If HN is to be a place for gratifying intellectual
               | curiousity [1], then dismisisng dismissing accurate
               | terminology as pretentious _purely_ because it is
               | unfamiliar is counter-productive.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | nanidin wrote:
               | Qualia is your subjective experience of your senses - how
               | can we discuss whether we see the color red the same way,
               | or whether we smell a rose the same way? The core concept
               | we would discuss is qualia.
               | 
               | Qualia is not plural qualities so I'm afraid I don't see
               | the connection, or the downside to using an expanded
               | vocabulary for that matter.
        
         | fsloth wrote:
         | I warmly recommend to anyone interested in this line of thought
         | James Scott's "Against the grain" for oldest evidence of the
         | first agrarian states in the middle east.
         | 
         | "Against the grain" points out that it's not obvious as number
         | of people increases everyone wants to live in cities ruled over
         | and taxed by someone else.
         | 
         | "I think it's pretty clear that sophisticated societies existed
         | long before recorded history."
         | 
         | If you mean beyond 12k years or so I would not say it's "pretty
         | clear". I would go as far and say it's psychologically and
         | biologically feasible, but we have no evidence to back this up.
         | 
         | What archaeological evidence does prove, is that arrival of
         | anything resembling civilization was a shambolic affair lasting
         | thousands of years, composed of waxing and waning city-sized
         | polities that could at maximum control only few tens of square
         | kilometers of area.
         | 
         | What we do have are sites like Gobekli Tepe at max 12 000 years
         | ago https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe
         | 
         | The arrival of agricultural plants is around the same time
         | during Neolithic Revolution
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution
         | 
         | I think you would need to expand on the meaning of
         | "sophisticated". I don't want to presume your intent with the
         | use of this word.
         | 
         | But, a hunter gatherer society looks quite a lot different from
         | an agricultural society.
         | 
         | Of course the people living in a hunter gatherer society could
         | very well be artistically and philosophically very developed.
         | But the likelihood of an "Atlantean supercivilization" would be
         | very small.
         | 
         | I think both options are pretty cool. As a species we have a
         | history of 200 000 years. Either our past is riddled with
         | complex emergent societies that have been ground to dust,
         | forgotten, only for the cycle to start again a new over and
         | over again over thousands of years. And only on our current
         | cycle we've managed to start to reach the full potential of our
         | species.
         | 
         | Or, there have not been "civilizational cycles" which would
         | make our anthropocene epoch with it's industrialization and
         | science something even more mind blowingly astonishing.
         | 
         | Both options are humbling.
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | Your suppositions are interesting, but there's simply no proof
         | of them.
        
           | Naga wrote:
           | Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Unfortunately
           | most of the (probable) evidence is under meters of water and
           | mud.
        
             | judahmeek wrote:
             | Is there such a thing as "evidence of absence"?
        
               | earleybird wrote:
               | I'm thinking that would be demonstrating that there
               | cannot be evidence.
        
             | LeanderK wrote:
             | But also untouched. Maybe we'll find a way to dig up
             | evidence in the future...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | throwaway5752 wrote:
             | As long as it has been investigated scientifically, then
             | "Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence" is
             | actually not correct. To my understanding that is exactly
             | how particle physics research is conducted.
             | 
             | My understanding is that there is no evidence for pre-
             | historic human societies that had advanced technologies. We
             | have hard data in our genetics for the timeframes of human
             | existence (statistical rate of random genetic drift vs
             | nearest ancestors) in addition to the fossil record, we
             | have good information from ice cores about when/what of
             | particulates were in the atmosphere, we know general rates
             | of tectonic movements , and it's easy to observe what's
             | under kilometers of strata with drilling cores if anyone
             | has a good hypothesis as to where to drill.
        
           | greatpostman wrote:
           | Actually I think platos account of Atlantis and how it
           | coincides with the dates of the flood is evidence. How could
           | he have known the exact years back of the flood? Sure it's
           | shaky, but the geology checks out.
        
           | TSiege wrote:
           | Why is the default assumption that since we can't prove
           | humans had sophisticated and complex lives comparable to our
           | own, that we must assume they are simpletons. Their minds
           | were no less capable of our own, why shouldn't we assume they
           | had complex morals and social structures?
        
             | jpollock wrote:
             | Because that's how we differentiate science from theology.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | Hard disagree here. There's a lot of differences between
               | science and theology. There is nothing divine or holy
               | about potential past civilizations.
        
               | jpollock wrote:
               | Divine/Holy are how powerful people prevent others from
               | questioning things. I didn't mention Divine or Holy, just
               | theology.
               | 
               | The core difference between Science and Theology is how
               | they deal with statements of "truth" without evidence.
               | 
               | Theology starts with "it's true because I said so"
               | 
               | Science starts with "it's true because I can demonstrate
               | it"
               | 
               | That humans were complex in the past is a good
               | hypothesis. It needs evidence before it can be accepted
               | as fact, or even necessarily expect respect from others.
               | The lack of recent skull changes would seem to be a good
               | start.
               | 
               | If someone believes the hypothesis to be true, they will
               | go explore and find evidence to back their claims. If
               | there was a complex society in the English Channel, it's
               | likely well preserved, just waiting to be found!
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | >Theology starts with "it's true because I said so"
               | 
               | To believe this is to cut yourself off from an
               | unfathomably rich collection of human knowledge, and it
               | is sad to see someone committed to it.
        
               | jpollock wrote:
               | Except, that's what it literally is.
               | 
               | God speaks to someone. That someone says "It's true
               | because God told me so."
               | 
               | I have read religious works, I'm not cut off from them.
               | It's impossible to be cut off from theology in the USA.
               | However, they all start with "it is true because I (the
               | author) say so".
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kspacewalk2 wrote:
             | Because complex social structures tend to be innovations
             | and inventions similar to those in the physical realm. It
             | thus stands to reason that a 'social evolution' has taken
             | place over the millennia, and there's ample evidence of
             | that progress in the world around you. No one says
             | prehistoric humans were individually simpletons, just that
             | societally they were far simpler (as in strictly less
             | advanced).
        
               | medstrom wrote:
               | Please specify, what do you mean by "less advanced"? I
               | doubt a randomly picked person has a more complex net of
               | social interactions today than 50,000 years ago -
               | probably the personal level is a lot simpler today, since
               | we can outsource many needs to corporate and national
               | structures, with whom you also have pretty
               | straightforward relations.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | And in the absence of proof, the simplest assumption would be
           | that humans then were just as human, and so had sophisticated
           | societies etc.
        
             | chucksmash wrote:
             | A simpler alternative assumption could be this:
             | 
             | 1. sophistication is driven by specialization
             | 
             | 2. the ability to specialize is driven by access to surplus
             | energy
             | 
             | 3. before the advent of agriculture bands of humans simply
             | did not have the excess calories available to them to
             | support a priesthood and philosophers and bureaucrats, etc.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > sophistication is driven by specialization
               | 
               | Sophisticated technology is driven that way for sure,
               | Sophisticated culture, I would argue, does not have those
               | preconditions.
        
               | Peritract wrote:
               | That is definitively not a simpler assumption. Each of
               | those bullet points is itself a new assumption.
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | Reminds me about the theory about how the Persian Gulf was the
       | origin of the first civilisations and the origin of the myth of
       | paradise. As the water rose people was displaced and eventually
       | ended up forming ur.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | In case people aren't familiar with Ur (I wasn't):
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur
         | 
         | > Ur was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient
         | Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern "Tell el-Muqayyar"
         | in south Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate. Although Ur was once a
         | coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian
         | Gulf, the coastline has shifted and the city is now well
         | inland, on the south bank of the Euphrates, 16 kilometres from
         | Nasiriyah in modern-day Iraq. The city dates from the Ubaid
         | period circa 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a
         | city-state from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king
         | being Mesannepada.
         | 
         | The pictures of the Ziggurat are really impressive.
        
           | HappyDreamer wrote:
           | I also wasn't. Quite depressing laws they had, I think:
           | 6. If a man violates the right of another and deflowers the
           | virgin wife of a young man, they shall kill that male.
           | 7. If the wife of a man followed after another man and he
           | slept with her, they shall slay that woman, but that male
           | shall be set free.         ... and slaves of course ...
           | 
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Ur-
           | Nammu#Surviving_law... )
           | 
           | Has it been like that for 4000+ years (at some places) :-(
           | 
           | > pictures of the Ziggurat are really impressive
           | 
           | Yes :-)
        
           | christkv wrote:
           | You might enjoy this podcast about the rise and fall of the
           | Sumerians https://youtu.be/d2lJUOv0hLA
        
       | anm89 wrote:
       | It's pretty fascinating to comprehend how different Europe's land
       | mass is from a couple thousand years ago. Imagining the current
       | world with shore lines as different as that is pretty hard to
       | Fathom.
       | 
       | It puts the climate change narrative in perspective a bit. In
       | someways, the change we are experiencing isn't as unprecedented
       | as some people perceive. In other ways, if we are going to be on
       | a highly accelerated version of something like the event in the
       | story than we are going to be in for a hell of a ride.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | This xkcd shows how highly accelerated it is:
         | https://xkcd.com/1732/
        
       | del_operator wrote:
       | Didn't Time Team cover these topics and more?
        
         | ugl wrote:
         | Yep. Twice. Posted a link upstream.
        
       | gorm wrote:
       | The BBC program "In our time" did an episode on Doggerland some
       | years back https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0006707
        
       | pferde wrote:
       | There is an interesting Youtube video by AlternateHistoryHub on
       | exactly this topic ("What if Britain Wasn't An Island?"), so if
       | you're interested in a bit of theorizing about what could've been
       | or might've been, I recommend it:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssoKkvDbJpE
        
       | bandibus wrote:
       | This is sort of a sequel to a piece about the ancient
       | Mediterranean megaflood that did really well on here last month -
       | so, with my fingers crossed it's not too obnoxiously self-
       | promotional of me to do it, I thought I'd give this one a punt as
       | well.
       | 
       | Also, thank you to those who left comments saying you didn't like
       | that former piece's introduction. I agree with you! It was
       | rambling and a bit self-indulgent and I should have just got on
       | with the story. This one does that (I think). Cheers.
        
         | argomo wrote:
         | No offense, but I couldn't get into this piece due to the
         | upfront clutter. Some readers may find it charming, but the
         | privilege comment, the chart tweet, the subscribe button, the
         | references to various novels... I just wasn't finding a good
         | starting point to latch onto the content promised by the
         | (excellent) headline. It felt like I had jumped into the middle
         | of a podcast where the hosts are bantering and not making much
         | progress on the discussion.
        
           | bandibus wrote:
           | That's a fair comment, thank you. I originally wrote it that
           | way because it was for longterm readers, with a bunch of
           | callbacks to previous stuff, as you mention there. But for
           | first-time visitors, it could be seen as clutter. I've cut
           | some of that out, and I think you're right. Cheers!
        
           | imilk wrote:
           | Just scroll past the 2nd picture and start reading.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Just... do that thing that nobody does on a normal basis,
             | nor should they be expected to. Just. Has to be one of my
             | favorite words.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | Whether you think wearing my mouse wheel down to actually
               | get to the directions for any recipe posted on a blog is
               | good or not - it certainly is normal... and ditto for
               | websites having a lot of above the fold advertisements.
        
         | formerkrogemp wrote:
         | It's great to see the follow up piece! I enjoyed the read, and
         | I think many others will too.
        
           | bandibus wrote:
           | Thank you! :)
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Thanks, I think this is great! I've often wondered if the
         | "great flood" myths and the legend of Atlantis have any factual
         | basis carried on in oral history. The Zanclean flood stretches
         | credulity beyond reason (as fun as it is to think about a story
         | passed down from the first Hominins), but this event happened
         | recently enough to ponder links to mythology...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessair
        
           | neaden wrote:
           | Great flood maybe, but we don't have any actual proof that
           | Atlantis was some ancient legend vs something Plato just made
           | up and said he heard from someone else since there are no
           | previous accounts of it before him.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | Also, please bear in mind that there's a good reason to
             | suspect that Plato bent a lot of things to suit his goal of
             | trying to explain philosophical concepts. Socrates is often
             | hailed as one of the greatest western philosophers but we
             | have almost no record of his character outside the
             | dramatizations written by Plato. We're almost certain he
             | was a real person but if Plato is to be trusted he was
             | extremely against any preservation of his discourses -
             | almost everything we've got on him comes from Plato
             | describing his mentor.
             | 
             | So Atlantis might be much the same - the story of a city
             | lost to flooding (maybe even the same root story as the
             | biblical one) repurposed and embellished to express a
             | philosophical point.
        
             | akomtu wrote:
             | There should be some traces of it still. Per the legend,
             | the last day of Atlantis was the day Sahara became a
             | desert, so inspecting it should reveal something. Also,
             | "Atlantis" is a made up term (by Plato?). Again, per the
             | legend, that nation called themselves "lanka" and I wonder
             | if Sri Lanka ("Holy Lanka ") was named this way for a
             | reason.
        
           | greatpostman wrote:
           | Platos account of Atlantis which was destroyed ten thousand
           | years prior matches geological artifacts of huge climate
           | changes/end of the ice age. I'd say the evidence point to his
           | stories legitimatacy
        
           | joshuaissac wrote:
           | The Gunditjmara Australian story "Dreamtime" recounts the
           | eruption of the now-dormant volcano Budj Bim about 37,000
           | years ago.[1][2] So it is possible for accounts of historical
           | events to be transmitted orally over a very long period of
           | time.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.awe.gov.au/parks-
           | heritage/heritage/places/nation...
           | 
           | 2. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-26/study-dates-
           | victorian...
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | Megaflood? I thought the Biblical flood had no evidence for it
        
       | robscallsign wrote:
       | I'm curious if anyone has a similar image of the shoreline of the
       | west coast of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington state, etc.
        
       | ugl wrote:
       | Time Team did an episode/dig about this, and another sbout
       | doggerland in general.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTvOcm5dgDI
        
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