[HN Gopher] The weird Hewlett Packard FreeDOS option
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The weird Hewlett Packard FreeDOS option
        
       Author : erik
       Score  : 153 points
       Date   : 2022-05-15 18:45 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.tmm.cx)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.tmm.cx)
        
       | NelsonMinar wrote:
       | Imagine being the engineer tasked with creating this bizarro
       | system.
        
       | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
       | What gets me is... what's the _point_? If you don 't want to
       | fight MS about selling PCs with no OS, ship some Linux distro.
       | DOS was a nice option when you needed to support bare-metal stuff
       | like flashing the BIOS without a modern OS getting in the way,
       | but I would be _shocked_ if that worked here - basically, I can
       | see reasons to ship DOS, but they 're all mutually incompatible
       | with a virtual machine. And if you're going to ship a Linux
       | distro - heck _even_ if you 're going to include some weird DOS
       | VM - why would you _ever_ ship multiple different versions?
       | 
       | So yeah, I'm thinking horribly broken company process and/or
       | outsourcing without actually making sure the requirements make
       | sense.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > If you don't want to fight MS about selling PCs with no OS,
         | ship some Linux distro.
         | 
         | And that's exactly what they're doing. They just did the bare
         | minimum work to be able to fit that Linux setup under their
         | pre-existing "FreeDOS" SKU. And the real point of that SKU is
         | for sophisticated users to wipe the whole thing clean and set
         | up their own OS install. It still works perfectly for that.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | Shipping your PC with "some linux distro" means you have to
         | support that linux distro.
         | 
         | Selling it with freedos, you only have to support freedos, and
         | people who buy that option will install something else anyway.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | They've been doing it for 20 years, so I'd guess that there is
         | some sort of contractural rationale between HP and Microsoft.
         | 
         | HP ships Ubuntu in thin clients by default. So the fact they
         | are doing this implies some specific reason.
        
       | mc4ndr3 wrote:
       | Ghastly.
        
         | Maursault wrote:
         | Kind of random, but the article reminded me. I think every pdf
         | should have it's own linux installation. They should role it
         | into the pdf specification. You never know when that might be
         | useful.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | I know you're half-joking but there's actually been a few
           | "bootable PDF" articles on HN before.
        
       | jchw wrote:
       | And then there's another OS: UEFI.
       | 
       | Something I recently joked about doing was porting SDL to the
       | UEFI environment and then building DOSBOX for it. I'm sure
       | someone has already done this in some fashion, but the idea was
       | amusing enough for me to genuinely consider it one of these
       | weekends. I guess in _that_ case, though, you can't really run
       | FreeDOS.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | Possibly relevant: an NES emulator for UEFI:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Juc1LT7Xls
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | Also, don't forget the Minix running inside a small embedded
         | processor inside your processor or platform controller.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | timClicks wrote:
           | I occasionally wonder what an operating system running below
           | ring 0 would be used for. I haven't thought of anything
           | compelling, apart from being a backdoor.
        
           | teruakohatu wrote:
           | I am sure they will soon find a way to add a hypervisor to
           | Minix so they can add yet another layer to the mix.
        
             | bayindirh wrote:
             | That'd be fun. Intel would be providing services to
             | customers for running their own spy platform on any
             | supported Intel processor.
             | 
             | Not unlike "Other OS" on PS3. Same theory, different
             | application.
        
       | ndiddy wrote:
       | I'm guessing they're doing this because modern x86 processors
       | can't boot into BIOS mode anymore (edit: untrue, see reply by
       | dmitrygr). This makes me wonder why they're even offering FreeDOS
       | as an option when they offer Linux for customers who don't wish
       | to purchase a Windows license. Maybe they have some sort of
       | contractual obligation with a large customer?
        
         | dmitrygr wrote:
         | > modern x86 processors can't boot into BIOS mode anymore
         | 
         | This is false. They still can and happily will. Issue is more
         | about vendor not shipping a CSM image. A modern x86 processor
         | will happily run real DOS just fine.
        
           | yuhong wrote:
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Intel's been threatening to cut off everything non UEFI for a
           | while... I think I read the iGPU in Alder Lake doesn't work
           | unless you're running UEFI?
           | 
           | It might not have happened yet, but it seems inevitable.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | That's probably because it doesn't have a traditional
             | VBIOS.
             | 
             | ...which makes me wonder whether it's possible for the
             | community to write one, given how much docs and source code
             | Intel have released for their GPUs. Of course, how VGA-
             | compatible it is is another thing to consider.
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | Thank you for the correction! I saw multiple news articles
           | several years ago saying that Intel would be dropping support
           | for BIOS mode by the end of 2020, but it appears they've been
           | dragging their feet. In the meantime, they seem to have been
           | making moves in other ways, such as not supporting BIOS mode
           | when booting with integrated graphics on 11th gen processors
           | ( https://www.asus.com/us/support/FAQ/1045467 ).
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | Hypothetically if you wanted to use something like FreeBSD,
         | Dragonfly BSD or maybe OpenSolaris? This is a big reach.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | The big market for this is K-12 schools.
         | 
         | Microsoft has a licensing program for .edu that doesn't require
         | an "embedded" hardware license. There are also many places
         | using Neverware to provide Chrome desktops while using the some
         | warranty services, etc that they have with PCs.
         | 
         | If you buy alot of computers, you can get desktops crazy cheap.
         | Big enterprise buyers get low-spec desktops for ~$225 without
         | windows or $300 with. If you don't care about power/footprint,
         | they are the best value thin client. Schools are _huge_ PC
         | buyers, some districts have  >300k students, so you're easily
         | talking 40-70k PCs annually.
        
         | mcculley wrote:
         | Maybe it is for customers running weird old legacy hardware
         | (e.g., lab devices, manufacturing, that only runs on DOS).
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Would those apps work inside QEMU though? Is it configured to
           | properly pass through the parallel port?
        
             | walrus01 wrote:
             | Highly unlikely, without really messing around with it.
        
             | mcculley wrote:
             | Maybe, but wouldn't the customer have to know how to run
             | QEMU? I am imagining a customer who wants to just replace
             | an old machine while changing as little as possible.
        
               | djur wrote:
               | Since this install is based on QEMU running in Linux, it
               | would not meet that need.
        
               | mcculley wrote:
               | The end user need not know it is QEMU atop Linux. They
               | see and use DOS.
        
           | ndiddy wrote:
           | Weird old legacy hardware that only runs on DOS generally
           | requires real-time access to stuff like ISA cards or
           | parallel/serial ports, so this wouldn't work for that use
           | case since the computer doesn't have any of those.
        
             | mcculley wrote:
             | I have a weird old nylon cutting machine connected to a DOS
             | machine over a serial port. It would not work with a
             | USB/RS-232 adaptor?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | USB-serial conversion would add a measurable amount of
               | latency, and the access to USB hardware would occur under
               | a non-real-time OS. Whether the setup "works" would be
               | highly hardware-specific. There are modern industrial
               | "PC" boards that are essentially a i586 implementation in
               | a SoC and can run these workloads far more reliably,
               | while consuming a lot less power compared to old x86
               | hardware. (They're also of interest to retrocomputing
               | enthusiasts, for largely the same reasons.)
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | mc4ndr3 wrote:
           | FreeDOS is known to not run well inside of virtualization. A
           | proper host install would be far more capable.
        
             | mcculley wrote:
             | But a proper host install is not possible on modern
             | hardware.
        
         | joshcryer wrote:
         | I suspect it's more bland than that, they need to be able to
         | have a booting/working system otherwise the customer is going
         | to call up support and say their computer isn't booting or that
         | it's saying "no OS found" type messages. It's just to cover
         | themselves, that's why they include enough Linux to be able to
         | load a PDF reader. It should be easy enough to do d:\setup.exe
         | with a USB that has a Windows installer on it, with this setup.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | Yeah, but why not have something that just uefi boots into a
           | barebones grub2 and then cli only debian-stable and bash
           | shell?
           | 
           | Forget the DOS part.
        
             | admax88qqq wrote:
             | It's probably more like they have DOS support contracted
             | out to some vendor. And when the systems upgraded to the
             | point of not being able to run DOS natively the vendor
             | built this franken-OS to fulfill the contract.
             | 
             | Renegotiating the contract to something sensible like
             | "don't run DOS anymore" was probably hopeless in the face
             | of the bureaucracy, or risked losing to contact.
        
           | JonathonW wrote:
           | Windows installers are bootable these days (from DVD or USB;
           | doesn't matter); they haven't been runnable from DOS for a
           | couple decades now.
           | 
           | At any rate, even if you _did_ find some OS you could install
           | from DOS, you'd be installing it into the QEMU image if you
           | installed from FreeDOS on a system with this arrangement.
           | There's no way to get back to the bare metal hardware from
           | FreeDOS here.
        
       | john_moscow wrote:
       | Knowing how big corporations usually work, dropping the FreeDOS
       | option completely due to incompatibility would require approvals
       | from 7 layers of corporate management, while shipping a half-
       | assed version that is not usable for any practical purposes only
       | took one nerd from engineering.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | I can't find a source for it, but my recollection is that MS
       | considers selling a PC with no operating system as encouraging
       | piracy of Windows.
       | 
       | So I suspect this option is either due to an agreement with MS,
       | or an overly cautious legal department.
        
         | shmerl wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | Some countries also prohibit selling laptops without any OSs
         | because they're unusable in that way, so this is a way to sell
         | a technically "fully usable laptop" for people who'll install
         | linux anyway.
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | which leaves the question of why going through the hassle of
           | creating this mess instead of just Linux.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | Because they they have to support that linux distro, with
             | all the drivers, update etc.,...
             | 
             | And the FreeDOS just works. Doesn't do much, but what it
             | does, it does well.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | but the Linux they are shipping underneath that FreeDOS
               | _also_ works. And they also offer Linux preinstalled, so
               | they need to  "support" that to whatever amount anyways.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | But customers can also order this laptop with Ubuntu
         | preinstalled. Why offer both Ubuntu _and_ FreeDOS, especially
         | if the latter is just running inside of a Linux VM anyway?
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | When I last ordered from HP, many laptops did not have Linux
           | as an option (mine did not, so I bought the FreeDOS version)
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | You're probably thinking about the agreement MS had with PC
         | manufacturers that required them to pay for a copy of DOS
         | regardless of whether the computer they sold had a copy of DOS
         | or not. MS was barred from using that method in 1994.
         | 
         | https://www.justice.gov/atr/competitive-impact-statement-us-...
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | Some countries have consumer protection laws that require that
         | a factory-assembled computer must come with an OS. This whole
         | FreeDOS thing feels like malicious compliance to me just to
         | have _something_ so it doesn 't boot into a BIOS error.
         | 
         | Though I've assumed that FreeDOS runs on bare metal. This whole
         | Linux-with-a-VM feels strange, to say the least.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | That was far more amusing and interesting than I thought it would
       | be...
       | 
       | I wonder if it can actually boot DOS on the physical hardware,
       | and if it can't ( DOS itself is very minimal in what it requires
       | of the hardware), is it really PC-compatible anymore?
        
         | yuhong wrote:
         | Intel phased out the UEFI CSM from new platforms in 2020-2021.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | I suppose you could use GRUB and whatever Coreboot has as its
           | BIOS? Either way, sad times indeed when PCs aren't anymore.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | seabios is the project you're looking for, and yes now I
             | want to go see if it supports being booted from GRUB:)
             | 
             | EDIT: The answer is yes and it's been done:
             | https://g00se.org/2016/11/seabios-on-libreboot.html
             | (granted, that's booting directly from coreboot to GRUB,
             | but it should be the same booting UEFI to GRUB AFAIK)
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | The Clover bootloader designed for Hackintosh is able to boot
           | UEFI operating systems (including non-Apple ones) on
           | computers that don't natively support UEFI. Is there any
           | reason a different bootloader couldn't do the reverse?
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | It's like a Linux, qemu, DOS turducken
        
       | ObscureScience wrote:
       | Wow.
       | 
       | But it's also quite surprising considering HP (and HPE which I
       | understand is not very related) usually provides FreeDOS based
       | firmware update and configurarion ISOs on their product download
       | pages.
        
       | indigodaddy wrote:
       | Very interesting. I'm assuming there is no persistence in the
       | referenced live squashfs ?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-05-15 23:00 UTC)