[HN Gopher] Details on AMD's Quirky Chipset Solutions for AM5
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       Details on AMD's Quirky Chipset Solutions for AM5
        
       Author : walterbell
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2022-05-22 20:59 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (angstronomics.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (angstronomics.substack.com)
        
       | formerly_proven wrote:
       | Interesting to note that, just from memory, this means most of
       | the increased I/O possibilities actually come from the CPU
       | itself, not the chipset. 2x7 W also means that chipset power
       | remains pretty much the same compared to X570, though two chips
       | will lend themselves better to effective passive cooling.
        
       | glowingly wrote:
       | Sounds like a decent approach. On the current AM4 setup, the
       | chipset had an x8 link allocated (at least in dmi), but only x4
       | was ever hooked up. Based on information here, too bad they
       | weren't able to build on that and avoid the daisy chain setup
       | altogether (x4 direct to each "southbridge").
        
       | AaronFriel wrote:
       | What an unusual departure from their previous generation. The
       | prosumer and just-below HEDT market loved the Ryzen chips for
       | their generous amount of PCIe lanes. The x670 looks to -
       | confusingly - reduce CPU-available lanes/slots and risk
       | contention on the chipset for peripherals and storage. No one
       | will want to debug a daisy chained M.2 or USB 4.0 connection
       | suddenly slowing down.
       | 
       | If true and it's also true that the non-Pro Threadripper line is
       | gone, this leaves a large gap for Intel to exploit with Alder
       | Lake X. The Threadripper line's 60+ lanes of PCIe effectively
       | took over the HEDT market. Intel not only couldn't compete on
       | performance, but for storage arrays, ML workstations, other
       | important niches, they were the only viable option.
       | 
       | I'm hoping the rumors of Threadripper's demise are wrong, and
       | both Intel & AMD are able to compete in the space. That's best
       | for consumers, not this alternating pendulum. (See: Threadripper
       | price hikes.)
        
         | __alexs wrote:
         | PCI-E 5.0 has a ridiculous amount of bandwidth for consumer
         | purposes. They just don't need as many lanes.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | Threadripper/HEDT is a different line, socket, and chipset.
         | This is for the consumer stuff and looks to have the same
         | number of CPU direct lanes as last generation, just higher
         | speed.
        
           | AaronFriel wrote:
           | I am aware and I believe I accurately described first these
           | rumored changes to the Ryzen line, and second the rumored
           | cutting of the consumer Threadripper line.
           | 
           | Is there some way I could edit my comment to make it clearer?
           | 
           | > This is for the consumer stuff and looks to have the same
           | number of CPU direct lanes as last generation, just higher
           | speed.
           | 
           | I think I disagree, as the PCIe4.0x4 slot off the chipset is
           | now an additional step removed (& subject to greater
           | contention). But I digress, my point is that AMD risks
           | leaving a gap in their market coverage by doing two things:
           | 
           | 1. There are rumors they are no longer competing in consumer-
           | accessible high lane count CPUs/chipsets.
           | 
           | 2. They have an opportunity with the next gen Ryzen to close
           | the gap by (1.) offering more lanes at 4.0 speed (they could
           | offer 40 CPU-attached lanes!) but by moving to 5.0
           | exclusively, they limit expansion options.
           | 
           | If both leaks/rumors are true, it suggests a missed
           | opportunity.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | I think it'd be a little clearer to avoid referring to any
             | of the Threadripper family as "below HEDT" or the sort.
             | That's the Ryzen 9 family, even the lowest end plain
             | Threadripper was always HEDT. Nothing here has changed for
             | the consumer market.
             | 
             | I won't comment much on the rumour side but overall I'm not
             | as worried about whether things are named "Threadripper" vs
             | "Threadripper PRO" as this never set the price floor
             | anyways E.g. a 16 core Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3950X was
             | $350 MSRP higher than a 16 core Ryzen 9 3950X.
             | 
             | Whether or not they ever release anymore low price high
             | lane count options is an interesting question but that AM5
             | was supposed answer this and because it didn't AM5 is a
             | departure from the past is just too many layers of
             | assumption, rumour, and leaks to make any useful discussion
             | about.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | I don't see the departure?
         | 
         | AM4 cpus have an x16 for GPU, an x4 for NVMe storage, and an x4
         | for chipset, according to the article, AM5 cpus will have an
         | x16 for GPU, an x4 for NVMe storage, and adds an x4 for for
         | USB4 or more NVMe storage, and then an x4 for chipset, plus
         | whatever the USB stuff means.
         | 
         | The rumored chipset takes that x4 and offers two x4s, four
         | sata/3.0 x1 ports, and 6 usb3, six usb 2 ports.
         | 
         | There were a bunch of different chipsets for am4, most of which
         | didn't have more connectivity than that. If you build the x670
         | link two of the new chipsets, and consider the added x4 from
         | the cpu, you still have pretty similar connectivity as the
         | x570, but you only have 12 lanes squeezing into the x4 for
         | chipset instead of 16. There's certainly a discussion to be had
         | about the CPU lanes being 5.0 and the chipset lanes (including
         | uplink to the CPU, apparently) being 4.0; but while there's not
         | much in the way of PCIe 5.0 devices, it's mostly hypothetical.
         | If PCIe multiplexers weren't immensely expensive, the 24 CPU
         | lanes at PCIe 5.0 would be equal to 48 lanes of PCIe 4.0 (plus
         | 4 more for the chipset), and pretty close to the Zen2
         | Threadrippers's 56 + 8. Lack of cheap multiplexers means that's
         | not really how the cookie crumbles though.
        
       | cududa wrote:
       | Here's where this gets cool. If you've ever got into pro level
       | "over clicking" RAM channels to maximize performance, this would
       | leave you scratching your head.
       | 
       | Won't the timing of each chipset on each board need to be
       | painstakingly individually configured to avoid latency from a
       | "default" profile used in all chips (which inherently vary
       | between every batch)? Yes, yes they would.
       | 
       | Unless you had an automated solution. And if you have an
       | automated way you could optimize CPU and DDR timing instead of
       | using "buffered"/ "safe" latency settings to accommodate any
       | manufacturing variance.
       | 
       | Well turns out AMD has a method for that. And given the necessity
       | for a tech like this to make daisy chained chipsets work, it
       | would seem this isn't an idle patent. AM5 systems are basically
       | going to get a 10-20% performance bump due to that optimization.
       | Which is wild.
       | 
       | https://www.tomshardware.com/news/amd-patents-automatic-memo...
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | _Won't the timing of each chipset on each board need to be
         | painstakingly individually configured to avoid latency from a
         | "default" profile used in all chips (which inherently vary
         | between every batch)?_
         | 
         | No, because PCIe works completely differently from RAM. PCIe is
         | a packet-based protocol that's very latency-tolerant. (Multi-
         | lane PCIe links may require deskew but that's a standard
         | feature that has existed all along.) I think it was Marcan who
         | tunneled PCIe over RS-232 and the chips didn't even notice.
        
           | cududa wrote:
           | Well the chipset also handles shuttling RAM channels..
        
       | zamadatix wrote:
       | x16+x4 has worked fine for consumers at PCIe 4.0 since GPUs
       | aren't benefiting from the bandwidth so it should work fine with
       | PCIe 5.0 and even if you bifurcate for x8 x8 + x4 so you can have
       | another high speed addon card of some sort that's still ~250 Gbps
       | of bandwidth per card which is more than any home or gaming setup
       | will be bottlenecked by (workstation and server sure but those
       | will be different boards).
       | 
       | I'm not quite sure the dual linked chipset option for the high
       | end really gets anyone anything. I mean sure, double all your
       | ports... where half now have 2x the latency penalty to the CPU
       | and all in all they are sharing less bandwidth than your primary
       | storage slot has alone.
        
         | wtallis wrote:
         | > where half now have 2x the latency penalty to the CPU
         | 
         | Are _any_ of the typical uses for those IO lanes latency-
         | sensitive enough for that to matter at all? Consumer-grade
         | networking, SATA storage, and most USB use cases all involve
         | latency high enough that one more PCIe switch wouldn 't be
         | noticed.
        
           | Strom wrote:
           | How much extra latency are we talking here? Anyone have any
           | actual numbers?
        
             | jleahy wrote:
             | I would guesstimate low single digit microseconds (and
             | guesstimating latency is pretty much my job).
             | 
             | Typical USB poll rates are 10-100 _milliseconds_. AMD made
             | a perfectly sensible choice.
        
           | justsomehnguy wrote:
           | I would say what in a typical consumer setting even 2x
           | latency for the NVMe drives wouldn't be noticeable,
           | especially considering there is one directly on the CPU.
        
           | zamadatix wrote:
           | The NVMe off that second slot in particular is what's going
           | to be painful for that market segment. If it weren't the
           | topology that was only used specifically for the high
           | performance market segment I'd say it doesn't matter but I'd
           | be willing to bet most in that segment would actually want
           | that 2nd x4 lane direct to the 1st chipset like last gen, not
           | to the a second chipset just so they can have even more built
           | in USB and SATA ports.
           | 
           | But who knows, maybe "I have a great gaming PC, it's got 25
           | USB ports!" (yes, that's the actual number) is more
           | marketable than actually tuning for performance.
        
       | potiuper wrote:
       | Amazing no vendor has come out with a X300/Knoll mini ITX board
       | with a PCI x16 along with NVME slot.
        
       | rasz wrote:
       | >their 600-series chipset
       | 
       | No, the chipset is in the Ryzen CPU. What they mean is a
       | Southbridge used by board manufacturers for market segmentation
       | purposes.
       | 
       | >AMD's Ryzen line of client Desktop processors don't even need a
       | 'chipset'
       | 
       | Amazing, an article stating the truth for once!
       | 
       | >Despite this, nearly all Desktop motherboards still contain a
       | chipset, but in its modern iteration serve as I/O expansion hubs
       | 
       | and back to muddying the water. No, "chipsets" are used for
       | market segmentation, and AMD is complicit with gems like this:
       | 
       | https://www.itworldcanada.com/article/amd-zen-3-processors-w...
       | 
       | https://www.extremetech.com/computing/320548-amd-will-suppor...
       | 
       | https://www.anandtech.com/show/14477/amd-confirms-pcie-4-not...
       | 
       | https://www.eteknix.com/some-asus-x470-and-b450-motherboards...
       | 
       | not to mention overclocking lockouts
       | 
       | all this bullshit depending on what ASMedia IO dongle connects
       | over PCIE bus on the motherboards.
       | 
       | >dual-source these chipsets
       | 
       | and proceeds to explains how there will be none of that with
       | exclusive ASMedia once again :)
       | 
       | >Low-end, Mid-range, High-end
       | 
       | ah yes, back to artificial segmentation based on limited BW 4x
       | PCIE switch while CPUs provide plenty of dedicated PCIE lanes.
       | 
       | >"X670E" branded motherboards will require the primary PCIe and
       | M.2 slots to support PCIe 5.0 linkrate. The chipset itself is
       | identical to X670.
       | 
       | and now we are at making up totally fake name for a non existent
       | product X670E to upmarket PCIE 5.0, sweet!
       | 
       | >designing only a single piece of silicon to span across multiple
       | market segments, it is much more cost-effective to design for the
       | mass market middle-end solution and double up for the high-end
       | rather than designing a larger, more expensive die that fits the
       | requirements of the top end
       | 
       | spilling truth by accident once again. Yes, AMD is selling us the
       | same cheap solution under different names for different prices,
       | and we should be thrilled!
        
       | cebert wrote:
       | I was under the impression that AM5 would support PCIe 5.0
       | instead of 4.0. I'm becoming less excited about this next
       | generation from AMD than I was a few months ago.
        
         | cududa wrote:
         | What specific benefit are you expecting from PCIe 5
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | it will, but only if you pay extra for fake "X670E" chipset
         | while getting same X670 motherboard, but with unlocked pcie
         | 5.0.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | It will support PCIe 5.0 on the slots directly connected to the
         | CPU, but probably only on X670E motherboards. Note that there
         | will be very few 5.0 devices on the market and you won't be
         | able to notice the performance difference.
        
       | shantara wrote:
       | How much of this information was confirmed, and how much are
       | rumors and speculations? With such a radical change from the
       | previous generation, it seems more prudent to wait the remaining
       | couple of days until Computex to be absolutely sure.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | This is a rumor, but it's rare to see extremely specific yet
         | wrong rumors.
        
         | dangle1 wrote:
         | There's some photos at Tom's:
         | 
         | https://www.tomshardware.com/news/amd-x670-motherboard-diagr...
        
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