[HN Gopher] RED is suing Nikon for infringing on its video compr...
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       RED is suing Nikon for infringing on its video compression patents
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 147 points
       Date   : 2022-05-27 17:29 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nikonrumors.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nikonrumors.com)
        
       | ryandamm wrote:
       | I haven't pulled the patents, but they probably have to do with
       | compressing the pre-debayered image. Apple sends Red a big check
       | every year for the same patents; I believe they're part of ProRes
       | but not sure.
       | 
       | Essentially, by compressing the raw RGB data coming off the
       | sensor (where each pixel only has R, or G, or B) you avoid the
       | data explosion of interpolating color values at each pixel. It's
       | a technique for compressing raw files, and Red was early to the
       | game.
       | 
       | Perhaps someone on here has more detailed technical info, I
       | haven't actually read the patents, just talked to engineers close
       | to the project.
        
         | blenderdt wrote:
         | I believe there are two things to keep in mind here:
         | 
         | 1. There is the idea of compressing each Bayer color.
         | 
         | 2. There is the compression method.
         | 
         | I believe this issue is about point 2, the compression. But it
         | seems that Nikon is using a different compression so I am not
         | sure Red will win this.
         | 
         | Edit: from the legal document, I believe it is about this part:
         | 
         |  _" The camera can be configured to transform blue and red
         | image data in a manner that enhances the compressibility of the
         | data. The data can then be compressed and stored in this form.
         | This allows a user to reconstruct the red and blue data to
         | obtain the original raw data for a modified version of the
         | original raw data that is visually lossless when demosaiced.
         | Additionally, the data can be processed so the green image
         | elements are demosaiced first and then the red and blue
         | elements are reconstructed based on values of the demosaiced
         | green image elements."_
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | Sounds a lot like converting "left-right" audio into "mid-
           | side" audio for the same benefits.
        
           | AnonCoward4 wrote:
           | That quote sounds a lot like 1. (the idea of compressing each
           | Bayer color), but I might misunderstand it.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | Mindblowing that this technique is patentable
        
           | int0x2e wrote:
           | Until tested in court, many, many things are patentable...
        
             | JacobThreeThree wrote:
             | It's been tested in court.
             | 
             | https://www.engadget.com/2019-11-11-apple-prores-raw-red-
             | pat...
             | 
             | Major patent reform is required.
        
               | ryandamm wrote:
               | We actually have had major patent reform! Look into IPR
               | review, the Alice Supreme Court decision, and the patent
               | reform act of ... was it 2012? 2013?
               | 
               | The IP landscape is wildly different than it was when
               | these patents were first filed. That they've held up
               | under scrutiny implies they're not _total_ junk.
               | 
               | Also, it probably still needs reform. But my
               | understanding from talking to lawyers (who I was paying,
               | to be fair), it's better than it was.
        
           | ryandamm wrote:
           | Keep in mind that video cameras of that era were mostly not
           | bayer pattern sensors, at least for professional television
           | cameras. They were three, full raster sensors, typically with
           | an interference-based prism block shunting blue, green, and
           | red light to different sensors. These were so-called "three
           | chip" cameras, the optics of which dates back to analog
           | cameras that used tubes.
           | 
           | Bayer pattern sensors were more common in DSLRs, because they
           | were an extension of 35mm film, and you had to have a single,
           | flat imaging device to work with film optics.
           | 
           | In the film industry, the only digital cameras were the Sony
           | F900 series (iirc) which I believe had the three-chip design,
           | the Thomson Viper (again, memory foggy), and maybe the
           | Panasonic Varicam... I don't know if the Viper or Varicam
           | were single sensor, but they evidently weren't Bayer pattern
           | or didn't compress the Bayer pattern. (I think at least one
           | had RGB stripe layout, which is just inherently inferior.)
           | 
           | So yeah, it's obvious now. But it was patentable then,
           | because nobody (or very few) had ever made a Bayer pattern
           | sensor for a video camera. It's easy to forget how long ago
           | 2007 was, at least until I try to get out of bed in the
           | mornings.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | But if you had a raw image from a camera with a bayer
             | pattern, and you were tasked to compress it, _anyone_ with
             | decent knowledge about compression and the technology they
             | 're working with should be able to come up with compressing
             | before de-bayering. Is something really patentable just
             | because it applies to non-mainstream technology?
             | 
             | From the sounds of it, the patent literally seems to be
             | about... compressing the data you get off of the image
             | sensor. And that's it. Or are there important details I'm
             | missing?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jpe90 wrote:
               | > But if you had a raw image from a camera with a bayer
               | pattern, and you were tasked to compress it, anyone with
               | decent knowledge about compression and the technology
               | they're working with should be able to come up with
               | compressing before de-bayering. Is something really
               | patentable just because it applies to non-mainstream
               | technology?
               | 
               | Actually this exact reasoning is textbook grounds for
               | rejecting a patent application. If a "person having
               | ordinary skill in the art" would trivially come up with
               | the claimed invention, a patent application can be
               | rejected without a reference of prior art by citing
               | obviousness of the invention. If what you're saying is
               | true, the examiner that originally granted the parent was
               | probably not familiar with the subject matter(which is
               | common).
               | 
               | Source: was a patent examiner a good while back
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | Yes that's the theory, but in practice patent offices
               | massively err on the side of "eh it's probably novel,
               | we'll let the courts sort it out later, oh and by the way
               | here's our fee".
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | There was a Bayer-filter camcorder on the market in 1997:
             | the Canon Optura (or MV1, outside America).
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | That was such a great camera! That and my Nikon 990 were
               | my transition to a full digital video and still image
               | workflow.
        
             | NegativeLatency wrote:
             | There's a good wikipedia page for anyone interested in how
             | the 3 sensors were implemented:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-CCD_camera
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | There's a fascinating detail about 3CCD/3CMOS that's not
               | mentioned in that article, namely that the sensors aren't
               | actually in the same plane, but slightly offset in depth
               | (probably because of the filter films between the
               | prisms). Broadcast lenses are specifically corrected for
               | being either 3CCD or 1CCD, the former having a back-focal
               | distance that varies with wavelength, so that red is
               | focused in the red's sensor plane and so on. You cannot
               | reasonably use one kind of lens on the other kind of
               | system. Almost all broadcast lenses that shore up on eBay
               | are for 3CCD - so they're pretty useless for use with
               | "normal" small-format cameras, even if their specs are
               | otherwise enticing.
        
             | failTide wrote:
             | > Bayer pattern sensors were more common in DSLRs, because
             | they were an extension of 35mm film, and you had to have a
             | single, flat imaging device to work with film optics.
             | 
             | A lot of people were shooting video with their DSLRs before
             | more dedicated devices became available (myself included).
             | Is there actually a fundamental difference between a DSLR
             | and video camera at that point?
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> A lot of people were shooting video with their DSLRs
               | before more dedicated devices became available_
               | 
               | I doubt it. DSLRs didn't have video shooting capabilities
               | till quite later on (late 00's?) compared to phones and
               | point and shoot digital cameras which did much earlier.
        
               | failTide wrote:
               | Yeah you're right - I was off by a few years. Seems like
               | it wasn't common until 2009
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Apple actually tried (and failed) to break RAW from the RED
         | royalties in 2019, so I believe you are correct.
         | 
         | https://www.engadget.com/2019-11-11-apple-prores-raw-red-pat...
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | for people accustomed to looking at highly compressed video
         | data (like mpeg2, H264 or H265/HEVC file, VP9, AV1, etc), what
         | we're looking at here is a whole other category of barely-
         | compressed high bitrate video used by professional cameras. It
         | saves a lot of SSD recording storage space vs truly raw video
         | but also leaves the video in a state to be further edited and
         | cut together, then compressed into a final output product much
         | later in the work flow.
         | 
         | The ordinary consumer will never see these video file formats,
         | unless they go buy at least a $2500 blackmagic pocket 6k pro
         | and add another $2500 of lenses and accessories to make it
         | useful.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > Essentially, by compressing the raw RGB data coming off the
         | sensor (where each pixel only has R, or G, or B) you avoid the
         | data explosion of interpolating color values at each pixel.
         | It's a technique for compressing raw files, and Red was early
         | to the game.
         | 
         | So the novelty is that they separate R,G and B planes before
         | compression?
         | 
         | There are other compression algorithms that work with other
         | colorspaces, giving even better compression. E.g. splitting
         | luminance and chromatic components. I think these algorithms
         | might also be older.
        
           | ryandamm wrote:
           | Well... yeah, that's the crux of it.
           | 
           | But the patented part is treating each channel separately;
           | the actual compression algorithm isn't at issue (which, in
           | Red's case, is JPEG2000).
           | 
           | That said, as soon as you get into colorspace conversions or
           | color sampling conversions (like YUV, etc), you're baking in
           | choices and dealing with quantization and roundoff errors. If
           | you want the most pristine image possible for dealing with it
           | in post, you want the raw photosite information. And if you
           | want that, without deBayering (which introduces those same
           | errors!), you get to pay Red a royalty check.
           | 
           | I don't make the rules, I'm just pointing out what the stakes
           | are here. Yeah, it's pretty fundamental and obvious now, but
           | at the time no one was selling a professional video camera
           | with a single chip for that price. It was a different world.
        
             | car_analogy wrote:
             | > So the novelty is that they separate R,G and B planes
             | before compression?
             | 
             | > Yeah, it's pretty fundamental and obvious now, but at the
             | time no one was selling a professional video camera with a
             | single chip for that price. It was a different world.
             | 
             | I don't see how no such cameras being on the market makes
             | the software any less obvious, unless we are totally
             | abdicating the meaning of "obvious" to reduce it to "non-
             | novel". But if that were the law's intent, it wouldn't
             | require non-obviousness _and_ novelty - just one or the
             | other would suffice.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | The obviousness test seems to vary by jurisdiction, but
               | typically requires that someone with ordinary skill in
               | the field would not likely come upon that solution[0]. It
               | must _also_ be novel[1].
               | 
               | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventive_step_and_non-
               | obvious...
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novelty_(patent)
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | > someone with ordinary skill in the field would not
               | likely come upon that solution
               | 
               | This requirement often appears to be effectively ignored,
               | as in this case. Compressing the raw data (i.e., before
               | transformations like de-bayering) is a pretty obvious
               | thing to try out. This sort of run-of-the-mill
               | development does not deserve a 20-year monopoly.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | Amazon's one-click patent is probably the most famous
               | example of this. Anyone with any database programming
               | experience can figure out "store the customer's payment
               | details and shipping address and use them later to
               | complete purchases". That was also true in 1999.
               | 
               | The patent office seems to evaluate the requirements in a
               | manner very favorable to patent applicants/holders. I
               | think that's a bad thing; the criteria for what counts as
               | an invention should be stricter.
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | > So the novelty is that they separate R,G and B planes
           | before compression?
           | 
           | No. The novelty is that they compress before de-mosaicing
           | (aka debayering).
           | 
           | In other words, rather rebuilding the image from the signals
           | and compressing that image, it compresses the signals
           | themselves (not even seperated I think).
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | Digital camera image sensors only have one image plane. Each
           | pixel is recorded as a grayscale value where the light has
           | passed through a red, green, or blue filter. To get a
           | complete pixel (with values for all 3 colours) requires
           | software to interpolate a pixel with its neighbours.
        
         | innocenat wrote:
         | Apple is paying RED for #9,230,299. A quick look at the claim
         | doesn't seem to have this patent listed.
        
         | chongli wrote:
         | For those who may not be aware: digital cameras capture a
         | grayscale image with a single value per pixel. The image sensor
         | is covered by an array of colour filters (red, green, blue) in
         | a pattern called the Bayer pattern. Typically, one row of
         | filters will alternate RGRGRGRGRG and the next row will
         | alternate GBGBGBGBGB. "Debayering" involves interpolating the
         | colour-filtered grayscale values of neighbouring pixels into
         | each pixel, and then often applying some software filtering to
         | remove dead pixels, noise, and sharpen the image.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Aren't there still plenty of cameras using 3 separate sensors
           | and an optical beam splitter, instead of a Bayer filter
           | array?
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | If they do, that has to be limited to "broadcast" cameras.
             | Digital cinema cameras all pretty prominently use a single
             | sensor.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | There is one model still sold by sony using these!
             | https://pro.sony/en_GB/products/shoulder-
             | camcorders/pxw-z750
             | 
             | All the others have now switched to bayer sensors.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Only $3k from Adorama; are pro cameras really that cheap
               | these days?
               | 
               | [edit] That was google shopping popping up the Z150,
               | which is presumably less expensive. The Z450 is 20k, body
               | only, and the Z750 is "in store purchase only"
        
               | muglug wrote:
               | Yes, it's everything _else_ that 's expensive -- a set of
               | cinema lenses will set you back many multiples of that.
               | Then you need to pay the people to operate them.
               | 
               | Here's a deep dive with an expert from Arri (big movie
               | glass company) here:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1n2DR6H7mk
        
             | panda88888 wrote:
             | There's also a stacked sensor version.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
        
               | rplst8 wrote:
               | Sigma had their Foveon sensor in APS sized version
               | several years ago but they're currently working on the
               | 35mm version.
               | https://www.dpreview.com/news/1885231343/sigma-releases-
               | upda...
        
             | jakebasile wrote:
             | I don't know of any consumer cameras that do this. Some
             | manufacturers use a different filter on some models, Fuji
             | uses an X-Trans filter on some models which in the past can
             | cause issues with some software demosaicing.
        
               | rplst8 wrote:
               | X-trans is still a mosaic and the underlying tech is
               | mostly the same (color filter array with monochrome
               | "buckets"). Instead of a 2x2 pattern, it uses a 6x6
               | pattern.
               | 
               | Goes something like: GRBGBR BGGRGG RGGBGG
               | 
               | Instead of: RG GB
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Not plenty, "3CCD" cameras exist but are rare and mainly
             | used for industrial inspections and TV broadcasts. Some old
             | home video cameras did use it but not anymore.
        
             | kelsolaar wrote:
             | Consumers camera use a Bayer colour filter array because it
             | is cheaper and more compact. Demosaicing is performant
             | enough for most consumer applications that it is hard to
             | justify for anything than scientific applications. As a
             | matter of fact, even Motion Picture cameras, e.g. ARRI LF,
             | are using a Bayer CFA.
        
       | bri3d wrote:
       | They got Kinefinity and DJI with this patent collection already,
       | too, forcing them to drop ProRes RAW support.
       | 
       | It's quite ridiculous, really, basically any camera which
       | internally records compressed lossless sensor data prior to
       | debayering (any "internal RAW" format) is vulnerable to RED
       | patent trolling.
        
         | konschubert wrote:
         | When will this patent expire?
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | The main patent in play,
           | https://patents.google.com/patent/US9245314B2/en , expires in
           | 2028.
        
         | rpmisms wrote:
         | My Terra 4k is not receiving a software update for this exact
         | reason. Fantastic RAW image, not losing that.
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | Why not use BlackMagics cameras?
        
         | imagetic wrote:
         | cause they aren't reliable, or ever available.
        
       | silencedogood3 wrote:
        
       | echelon wrote:
       | Last gasps of a dying industry, even if they don't know it yet.
       | 
       | Future movies will be filmed in mocap + multisensor
       | photogrammetry and scaled up with AI techniques. (My startup does
       | this.) Cost and time savings of not doing location scouting, set
       | dec, lighting, and blocking are huge. Plus you can edit way more
       | than a static grid of photons in post.
       | 
       | Consumer smart phones use computational photography and sensor
       | arrays to work magic.
       | 
       | $100,000 glass optics are dying. They'll maybe find future use in
       | industry and research, but the entertainment field will move on.
        
         | chrstphrknwtn wrote:
         | Sounds more like a cartoon than a film.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Miyazaki is one of my favorite directors.
        
         | dmead wrote:
         | That sounds like a terrible film experience.
        
         | bag_boy wrote:
         | Where can I read more? Also, can you point to a movie/scene
         | that used mocap? Would love to watch that.
        
           | Nathanael_M wrote:
           | I guess we're pushing the point with modern blockbusters
           | (Marvel/Star Wars) where more of the movie is animated then
           | not. And Avatar is inverse Who Framed Roger Rabbit at this
           | point.
        
             | rvnx wrote:
             | Arn't AI poses estimates more likely to become the future
             | rather than the white balls motion cap suits from the 90s ?
        
         | staindk wrote:
         | I don't know. I think there's a big space for AI assisted XYZ
         | everywhere in life, but to me that doesn't mean it would
         | replace the more 'genuine'/'analog' stuff like good lenses.
         | Even for entertainment and personal use.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | You do understand that this is why people don't like
         | contemporary movies, right?
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | > You do understand that this is why people don't like
           | contemporary movies, right?
           | 
           | Though I strongly prefer independent films, people "vote with
           | dollars". Take a look at Disney.
           | 
           | The problems with filmmaking are the institutional capital,
           | planning, and complicated logistics required to create a
           | film. There's only so much money to make movies, not everyone
           | gets a shot. This is why generic "for the masses" films get
           | made and get theatrical release placement. This is why we
           | have more Twitch streamers than filmmakers.
           | 
           | It will change.
        
           | the_only_law wrote:
           | I thought it was because the obnoxious rise of sequels,
           | reboots and overdone cliche series.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | People do like contemporary movies though. You might not, but
           | if people didn't like them they'd lose money and studios
           | would go back to what made money.
        
         | Nathanael_M wrote:
         | Interesting take that I haven't heard before, outside of like
         | Diamond Age.
         | 
         | If you were a betting man, what would your timeline be? When
         | does computer generated imagery surpass camera footage when
         | representing reality? When does a drama shooting in Toronto
         | pretending to be New York just render the whole thing? Finally,
         | do you think performances will be noticeably worse and we'll
         | all just live with it, or is the whole idea of actors having a
         | harder time acting with greenscreens/mocap sets overblown?
        
         | ryandamm wrote:
         | Do you have any background in movie production? There is more
         | to that industry than VFX tech. Yes, virtual production etc are
         | ascendent, and growing fast -- but most of the production
         | spending is still using fancy optics and traditional
         | production. (And even for virtual production, the _actors_ are
         | still people.) I think this is a typical straight-line
         | projection of the change in the industry that fails to account
         | for the actual underlying dynamics.
         | 
         | But I wish your startup well. I hope you've hired filmmakers,
         | directors, producers so someone on your team understands how
         | movies are made today.
         | 
         | (Plus: there's lots of money to be made in downmarket
         | production. More money is being spent on video production today
         | than ten years ago. The industry is not dying.)
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _there 's lots of money to be made in downmarket
           | production_
           | 
           | This is almost certainly what the commenter is targeting. I'd
           | guess that and/or the adult film industry.
        
             | ryandamm wrote:
             | I don't think so -- I think it's a reference to Gollum, the
             | apes in "Planet of the Apes," the de-aged Moss Tarkin
             | (sp?)... basically CG people. That work is almost entirely
             | at the high end, because it takes a lot of digital art work
             | to make them look realistic.
             | 
             | This is moving down market, fwiw, but it's not disrupting
             | traditional moviemaking. It's a fast-growing but tiny niche
             | that I believe will saturate before it comes close to
             | replacing the entire industry. (Full disclosure: I work
             | with cameras professionally, so maybe I'm not an unbiased
             | observer of the industry.)
             | 
             | [ edit for clarity ]
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | > Do you have any background in movie production?
           | 
           | Yes, but that shouldn't matter.
           | 
           | > most of the production spending is still using fancy optics
           | and traditional production.
           | 
           | It used to be shot and physically spliced together celluloid,
           | too.
           | 
           | Optics are punch card technology. The art, and indeed the end
           | goal itself, is storytelling. The technology is just a means
           | to an end. A grid of photons can be crafted and manipulated
           | much easier with new techniques than by trying to put those
           | photons in the correct places by hand. We're going to look
           | back at optics and glass as the dinosaur age.
           | 
           | > And even for virtual production, the actors are still
           | people
           | 
           | For now. Models can generate animated poses. This is moving
           | faster than you're giving it credit.
           | 
           | (Even when robots replace us, people will still want to act -
           | no question. The technology will still afford that. But just
           | like ADR can now be model-based, so can posture correction.)
           | 
           | Your average ten year olds will be making their own Star Wars
           | films by the end of the decade.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | >Cost and time savings of not doing location scouting, set dec,
         | lighting, and blocking are huge
         | 
         | Yes this worked awesome on the Star Wars prequels. Some of the
         | most natural and real acting I've ever seen. /s
        
           | cyberlurker wrote:
           | Excuse me sir, you may have missed the memo. We like those
           | movies now.
        
             | colejohnson66 wrote:
             | We hate the _sequels_ (by Disney) now!  /s (maybe?)
        
       | TD-Linux wrote:
       | The patents in question are a new level of terribad. So bad that
       | they can be trivially invalidated by prior art. Nikon's going to
       | spend a lot of money on lawyers but is likely to win (if they
       | don't settle out of court...)
       | 
       | (When reading patents, skip to the claims, they are the only part
       | that actually matters).
       | 
       | 7,830,967's independent claim is a 2k+ resolution video camera
       | that records sRGB or rec709 gamma. That's it.
       | 
       | 8,174,560 is even more ridiculous. It's a 2k+ resolution camera
       | that records at a 6:1 or more compression ratio. No actual method
       | or anything, just the concept of compressing at least 6:1
       | compression ratio. Check out indepedent claim #1.
       | 
       | Both of these are very likely to have very easy prior art
       | available. Finding any camera that records high resolution video,
       | made before the priority date would do it.
        
         | zamalek wrote:
         | > the concept of compressing at least 6:1 compression
         | 
         | The level of bullshit that this industry gets away with is
         | absolutely fascinating. I'm a gamer and I was part of the crowd
         | who were galvanized by TotalBuiscuit, rest his soul. I am not
         | alone, and part of an ever increasing amount of people, that
         | seriously question the anti-consumerism (hence, anti-
         | capitalist, if you're very patriotic) practices employed by the
         | status quo. It's patently obvious to do so in hindsight, but I
         | look at a lot more through that lens nowadays.
         | 
         | Red is that 6-times distilled, 10-times cold filtered, 50 times
         | purified, embodiment of anti-consumer practices and it's
         | _maddening._
        
           | tonguez wrote:
           | "I am not alone, and part of an ever increasing amount of
           | people, that seriously question the anti-consumerism (hence,
           | anti-capitalist, if you're very patriotic) practices employed
           | by the status quo."
           | 
           | this is one of the most bizarre sentences ever written
        
             | zamalek wrote:
             | Why?
             | 
             | How many people on this forum, specifically, suggest that
             | they use Apple devices because of, ultimately, good-will
             | garnered by Apple? There should be no doubt that Apple
             | manufactured the best laptop hardware on the planet, for
             | the general use-case, between 2014 and 2020. Yet, many
             | people continue to perceive Apple based on historic merits
             | as opposed to current merits. You could always get much
             | more than Apple for much less, but they had the quality
             | nailed down: it is certainly not rare (especially on HN) to
             | come across someone still using their MBP from 2014 and
             | reluctantly considering an upgrade. Following the golden
             | days of Apple hardware, we still have people defaulting to
             | that prior perspective, even in the face of the the
             | keyboard "don't use it in an environment with dust"
             | problems of recent history.
             | 
             | Consumer psychology is extremely fascinating, and until you
             | look at the overall behavior of consumers (which includes
             | your own stupid self), you just don't realize how you've
             | monkey brain has been exploited.
             | 
             | That sentence is only bizarre to people who haven't
             | realized their own bizarre behavior.
             | 
             |  _Edit: I include myself in monkey-brain analogies, I am a
             | human /stupid/exploitable just like you._
        
           | ryandamm wrote:
           | Red isn't a consumer company. How are they anti-consumer?
           | 
           | I'm not defending their IP practices, but this is not as
           | stupid as it seems. Nikon knew about the patents when they
           | designed their cameras. The patents were not dumb in
           | 2007-2008.
           | 
           | Claims like the one excerpted are part of larger claim sets;
           | if any claim gets invalidated, the rest that rely on it are
           | useless. For the sake of being explicit, but also robust,
           | lawyers will take a technical description and devolve it into
           | a series of nested claims. Those individual claims, in
           | isolation, sound dumb. But they're usually contingent on
           | earlier claims that might reveal the novelty.
           | 
           | (I have not read the patent.)
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | > Red isn't a consumer company. How are they anti-consumer?
             | 
             | Really?
             | 
             | I think you know like everyone else here what consumer
             | means in this context, it's not literally about consuming
             | food, or the disease known as consumption, and that
             | entities that aren't individual consumers in the nightly
             | news sense of the word are called 'consumers' as well.
             | 
             | In this instance semantics isn't insightful.
        
             | zeusk wrote:
             | Because anti-competition is anti-consumer.
             | 
             | isn't the whole basis of capitalism that capital drives
             | competition which drives innovation and consumerism?
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | RED have some very nice people.
             | 
             | However, the product was/is okay-ishm but the fan boys are
             | utterly toxic pricks.
             | 
             | the charged for everything, made special names for all
             | sorts, and had tesla levels of bullshit when it came to
             | deadlines and capabilities.
             | 
             | For example, the "RED ray" laser projector, which
             | supposedly was a 4k native laser based projector, except
             | that it wasn't, never ran at 4k during NAB and if I recall
             | correctly at some point was replaced by a barco.
             | (https://www.extremetech.com/electronics/126579-red-
             | ray-4k-ci...)
             | 
             | They made "redrockets" that were supposedly super high tech
             | decoding cards, but were in reality rebadged from another
             | company. They were extra ordinarily fragile (I personally
             | accidentally killed 3 in just one event) and fucking
             | expensive (PS4k each)
             | 
             | It was me, apparently that was the problem, not the design.
             | In the same event I replaced graphics cards, a boat load of
             | Fusion IoDrives, none of them died.
             | 
             | So yes, they were anti-consumer to a certain extent.
             | However if they liked you, they'd invite you to the ranch,
             | you'd hang out with other RED people and generally have a
             | good time.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Don't forget about "REDmags", which are bog-standard off-
               | the-shelf mSATA-SSDs sold at a markup so high it would
               | make Apple execs blush.
        
             | bdowling wrote:
             | > if any claim gets invalidated, the rest that rely on it
             | are useless.
             | 
             | This misunderstanding came up in another thread. If a
             | dependent claim is invalidated, then it invalidates the
             | claims it depends from, but not the other way around. For
             | example, consider the following claims:
             | 
             | 1. A method comprising steps A, B, and C.
             | 
             | 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising step D.
             | 
             | If the prior art only teaches claim 1, then claim 2 could
             | still be valid if the addition of step D is non-obvious
             | over the prior art. If the prior art teaches claim 2,
             | however, then claim 1 is also invalid.
        
             | zamalek wrote:
             | > Red isn't a consumer company. How are they anti-consumer?
             | 
             | Everything is consumer these days. CNC machines, milling
             | machines, soldering stations, tablesaws, planers, and, yes,
             | high-end cinematic cameras.
             | 
             | You're no longer talking about Hollywood and maybe 4 or 5
             | other big studios leveraging this stuff. Marques Brownlee,
             | Linus Tech Tips, Corridor, and tons of other Youtubers (and
             | I'm sure many more from other platforms) eat these things
             | like candy. If you or I wanted to get into this stuff, we
             | reasonably could with a little financial discipline (and
             | maybe bargaining with our significant other :D).
             | 
             | They are unimaginably vulnerable to someone coming along
             | with a platform that accepts any, say, NVME, with some form
             | of "works best with" certification system. That way, if
             | your risk is low ( enthused hobbyist) go with your MLC
             | dumpster diving special, if your risk is high then go with
             | OEM, certified, _or better_ (because there is better
             | storage than what Red offers). Keep in mind that Red have
             | supplanted a stupidly broken industry with a vastly _less_
             | broken industry, but on the absolute scale they are still
             | pretty fucking stupid. They are living on the time it takes
             | for someone to realize that, given a huge amount of R &D
             | into a sensor (because Red is likely _the_ leading sensor),
             | a more capitalist /competitive approach exists.
        
               | detaro wrote:
               | > _Marques Brownlee, Linus Tech Tips, Corridor,_
               | 
               | are not consumers but media businesses.
        
               | voidwtf wrote:
               | When did the consumer stop being the ones who consume the
               | product?
               | 
               | I'm sure many farmers would consider John Deere's
               | practices regarding DIY repairs, anti-consumer, as they
               | are the consumers. Any person who might reasonable be
               | considered an end-user of a product, or might buy a type
               | of product might be considered a consumer of that type of
               | product.
               | 
               | Anti-consumerism and protectionism do not even require
               | that you be a customer of the company in question, some
               | practices extend beyond the product itself when the
               | company seeks to stifle competition.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | Can I ask you a question?
               | 
               | Did you actually believe, or even think about the
               | position you're now taking prior to reading the comment
               | thread about it?
               | 
               | I'm highly skeptical that someone genuinely holds the
               | position "businesses aren't consumers."
               | 
               | I think it's more likely that you're just arbitrarily
               | taking a contrarian position to argue online to pass the
               | time.
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | That line between "business" and "consumer" is becoming
               | increasingly indistinct. This is the very nature of
               | "influencers." We have every-day-joes/janes setting up
               | multi-thousand dollar machines in their own (or rented)
               | garage for their own, or followers', enjoyment.
               | 
               | > are not consumers but media businesses.
               | 
               | This idea of yours is extremely out of touch with
               | reality, just like Red are. Those "media businesses"
               | would be nowhere without an engaged audience. The modern
               | audience are participators, not watchers. Commodity 3D
               | printers have succeeded for a reason.
               | 
               | People aren't as one-dimensional as they used to be. They
               | take their interests to an extreme degree. It might take
               | a videography/cinematography enthusiast 2 years to save
               | up for a Red, but they will.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Influencers are businesses, plain and simple. They buy
               | the camera to make a profit.
               | 
               | Compare this to someone like me, who also owns expensive
               | cameras, but I have them to take pictures and show my
               | friends. I plan to make $0 from this endeavor. I'm a
               | consumer, not a business.
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | And you don't care about the immensely expensive Red
               | SSDs?
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Oh, I shoot stills on Sony equipment, so I just use good
               | old SD cards. And film when I need high resolution ;)
               | 
               | I agree that RED is cost-prohibitive for individuals that
               | aren't running a business because of things like the 500%
               | markup on SSDs. That is always the risk of a proprietary
               | ecosystem; kind of like how you can buy 128GB of RAM for
               | your PC for a few hundred dollars, but the same RAM in an
               | Apple computer is $1600. That's just the price of "we
               | guarantee that it will work", and for business use, it
               | makes a lot of sense. For consumers, it kind of sucks,
               | because you feel so close to being able to afford
               | something really cool, but you just can't make the math
               | work.
               | 
               | I do understand the pushback; people want to pay for the
               | impressive sensor and not the mind-numbingly-boring SSDs,
               | but they want to make money on both. I am not sure that's
               | strictly consumer unfriendly, but just how they do the
               | financial engineering.
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | There's a conversation to be had about how much money Red
             | is making from selling luxury goods to amateurs but this
             | thread probably isn't the best place.
        
           | antisthenes wrote:
           | I read your post at least 3 times and still don't understand
           | how those sentences fit together into a coherent thought.
           | 
           | What does TotalBiscuit have to do with video compression?
           | What does anti-capitalism have to do with being patriotic?
           | How is TotalBiscuit related to anti-consumerism?
           | 
           | The only thing that somehow makes sense is that Red employs
           | some anti-consumer practices through overly broad patents,
           | thus restricting innovation.
           | 
           | Is that what you were trying to say?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bdowling wrote:
         | I haven't looked at the claims here, but the independent claims
         | are the most broad claims of a patent. The dependent claims are
         | always necessarily narrower. So, even if an independent claim
         | is invalidated, it's dependent claim may survive if it is novel
         | and non-obvious over the prior art.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | > even if an independent claim is invalidated, its dependent
           | claim may survive if it is novel and non-obvious over the
           | prior art.
           | 
           | False. Let's say Claim 1 has elements A, B, and C. Claim 2
           | adds element D. Thus Claim 2 really has A, B, C, and D.
           | 
           | If 'A' is invalidated, then any claim that includes it, i.e.
           | that depends from Claim 2, is also invalidated.
        
             | btrettel wrote:
             | This is not true. Dependent claims are often viewed as
             | "backup" claims in case the independent claims are rejected
             | in prosecution by the patent examiner or found invalid by a
             | court.
             | 
             | It's not hard to find online sources to back this up, for
             | example:
             | 
             | https://patentlyo.com/patent/2008/05/theory-of-depen.html
             | 
             | https://www.natlawreview.com/article/patent-owner-
             | tip-12-sur...
        
             | brigade wrote:
             | You might be confusing infringement with patentability.
             | 
             | If an independent claim isn't infringed, then by extension
             | none of the dependent claims are infringed and they don't
             | have to be considered. So the easiest route to defending a
             | patent lawsuit can be proving the independent claims don't
             | apply.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | There are two main defenses: invalidity and non-
               | infringement. You're correct, and you're talking about
               | non-infringement.
               | 
               | Invalidity can be proven outside of a full-blown lawsuit
               | (via re-exam) and so it's cheaper. Asking a jury to judge
               | invalidity is asking for trouble, because they usually
               | figure they're not competent to do it.
               | 
               | I actually watched a video of a mock jury, where they
               | debated this. It's pretty shocking how little they
               | understand the law. One juror actually said, "well, that
               | prior art reference -- it's not fair to expect the PTO to
               | have heard of that."
        
             | bdowling wrote:
             | > False.
             | 
             | You have it backwards. If a dependent claim is invalid,
             | then the independent claim from which it depends is also
             | invalid. It doesn't make sense the other way around.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I'm not sure who "you" refers to here.
               | 
               | Your Patently Obvious article refers to patent
               | prosecution, which is different from re-examination.
               | Let's keep referring back to my original 1(A, B, C) and
               | 2(D) example.
               | 
               | A dependent claim is "backup" because the examiner may
               | find that (A, B, C) is not patentable, but coupled with
               | D, you get (A, B, C, D) which is.
               | 
               | This happens all the time in prosecution. So let's say
               | (A, B, C, D) is allowed and issued.
               | 
               |  _Note_ that you did not win the right to sell a product
               | with (A, B, C, D), because someone else (Call them
               | CompanyX) has patented (A, B, C) and you are infringing
               | it.
               | 
               | All you've got is the right to _exclude_ anyone,
               | including CompanyX, from selling (A, B, C, D).
               | 
               | If someone else infringes your patent and you sue them,
               | and they're able to prove that 'A' was known in the art,
               | then CompanyX's patent _and_ yours are both invalidated.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | How do prior art pieces invalidate it if they weren't
         | compressed with it?
        
         | ryandamm wrote:
         | The F900s that Lucas shot Episode 1 on recorded at sub-1080p
         | resolution, _before_ being letterboxed. That was a long time
         | ago.
        
         | failTide wrote:
         | > 2k+ resolution camera that records at a 6:1 or more
         | compression ratio.
         | 
         | How does that even get granted? Does the patent office not have
         | domain experts?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | USPTO is entirely funded through patent fees. They get more
           | fees if they approve a patent.
           | 
           | No, I am not joking: https://www.uspto.gov/about-
           | us/performance-and-planning/budg...
           | 
           | There's your problem.
        
             | SeanLuke wrote:
             | That is not the problem. Just because an agency is funded
             | by fees does not mean that it has perverse incentives nor
             | corruption (though it can be the case). After all, the FDA
             | has to assess all of Pfizer's drug applications -- do you
             | want to pay for all that out of your income tax, or should
             | Pfizer be paying it? Furthermore, the USPTO has had the
             | same issues described here _long_ before they were self-
             | funded by congress.
             | 
             | The problem is that that the USPTO doesn't have enough
             | money to hire inspectors and officials. They are woefully,
             | desperately underfunded. The same problems that plague the
             | USPTO also plague the IRS, and for the same reason. The
             | USPTO would do much better if they were permitted to double
             | the fees, or more, for patent application.
        
               | codys wrote:
               | The FDA used to not be funded by the pharmaceutical
               | industry, and instead be directly funded. There are
               | routine questions about how the current arrangement
               | influences FDA decision making in a way that negatively
               | affects their ability to independently review drugs. IOW:
               | the current setup causes the FDA to approve things they
               | probably should not have approved, because they are
               | incentivized to "get along" with the companies paying
               | them.
        
               | toma_caliente wrote:
               | > That is not the problem. Just because an agency is
               | funded by fees does not mean that it has perverse
               | incentives nor corruption (though it can be the case).
               | After all, the FDA has to assess all of Pfizer's drug
               | applications -- do you want to pay for all that out of
               | your income tax, or should Pfizer be paying it?
               | 
               | The FDA gets billions in funding from the government and
               | the USPTO does not. I'm not saying you are right or wrong
               | about the problems regarding the USPTO but to compare its
               | funding to the FDA is disingenious and wrong.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | Former patent examiner here. The main problem with
               | quality is as you describe: patent examiners don't get
               | enough time. I've written about this before on HN:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31197809
               | 
               | Note that increasing fees alone won't necessarily change
               | anything if USPTO management doesn't give examiners more
               | time in response. For example, the USPTO charges
               | applicants extra if they have more than a certain number
               | of claims (20, I believe), but examiners only get 1 hour
               | extra if there are more than that number. I once had an
               | application with 45 claims... I estimate that I only got
               | around 23 hours total for the first "office action" on
               | that one (most of the work), and that includes the extra
               | hour I got. So I got 5% more time for 125% more work!
               | 
               | Edit: Here's the application with 45 claims that I worked
               | on: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190160529A1/en
        
           | rlpb wrote:
           | Patent lawyers consider the "not obvious to someone skilled
           | in the art" test done by merely looking at prior art. If it's
           | not previously explicitly patented, it's valid.
           | 
           | According to them. This is exactly what a patent lawyer told
           | me when I asked about how they test for that requirement.
        
             | btrettel wrote:
             | Anything available to the public can be used in a prior art
             | rejection, not just patents. (I'm a former patent examiner
             | and I frequently used "non-patent literature" as it's
             | called.)
        
           | lizardactivist wrote:
           | The U.S. encourages carpet-bombing with trivial patents
           | claiming to be bonafide inventions, because it gives
           | opportunities for market protectionism.
        
         | ryandamm wrote:
         | Again, the patent to compress Bayer pattern data before de-
         | Bayering is the pivotal one. There's a reason Apple is still
         | paying royalties, and it ain't because they don't have good
         | lawyers.
        
         | izzydata wrote:
         | It seems like there should be some kind of penalty for filing
         | troll patents if they can be invalidated like that.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | There _are_ legal remedies, like being forced to pay the
           | other side 's legal fees, and even worse consequences than
           | that.
           | 
           | Difficult to win, though.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | _> if they don 't settle out of court_
         | 
         | Nikon _never_ settles out of court. They have _excellent_ IP
         | lawyers.
         | 
         | That said, the video/imaging arena is a minefield of highly-
         | enforceable patents. Very old ones. I don't miss writing that
         | kind of software.
        
           | booi wrote:
           | They're also known to quietly imply that you may also be
           | infringing on some of THEIR patents for which they have an
           | enormous pile of.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | Yup.
             | 
             | Like I said, I don't miss that field too much.
             | 
             | Like dancing in an iron maiden.
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | Apple and Sony have both tried to invalidate this patent
         | collection and failed.
        
         | esquivalience wrote:
         | I checked what you said about the 967 patent. I'm afraid it's
         | just wrong. You quoted some of the initial part and missed out
         | the bit which actually describes what's happening:
         | 
         | "an image processing system configured to perform a pre-
         | emphasis function on the digital raw image data, to compress
         | the digital raw image data after performing the pre-emphasis
         | function such that the digital raw image data remains
         | substantially visually lossless upon decompression, and to
         | store the compressed digital raw image data in the memory
         | device at a rate of at least about 23 frames per second,
         | wherein the pre-emphasis function comprises a curve defined by
         | the function y=(x+c)^g, where 0.01 <g<1 and c is an offset."
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | That "pre-empahsis" is a description of Rec 709 gamma. (the
           | dependent claims go on to give the 709 constants for it).
        
             | esquivalience wrote:
             | Sure, I can't say - but when was that made part of Rec 709?
             | I suppose that may well be what it invented...
             | 
             | Edit - to clarify better that what I'm trying to convey is
             | that the time and context matters too, and the claims have
             | to be read in light of the description, so suggesting that
             | claims are trivially invalid is something to be cautious
             | about.
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | Rec 709 was published in _1990_ (and had that gamma
               | structure then, of course!).
               | 
               | All you can say red is doing is reciting the rather
               | obvious combination of a 2k+ camera with rec 709, 23+
               | fps, etc.
               | 
               | Maybe it's the case that someone can't find a 2k camera
               | being offered to the public early enough to invalidate on
               | a prior art basis-- but I can't see how anyone could
               | conclude from this that a red success would be indicative
               | of anything but a deeply flawed patent system in dire
               | need of reform.
        
       | ryandamm wrote:
       | I do find myself wondering what fraction of Red's revenue is IP
       | vs camera sales. No particular reason, just curious -- these
       | patents sound rather profitable.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | AFAIK almost no cameras are paying royalties to Red. They
         | prefer to just not implement raw.
        
           | ryandamm wrote:
           | But they are collecting royalties from Apple and others...
        
       | Layke1123 wrote:
       | I cannot think of a better way to actually impede humanity's
       | progress than to put up artificial barriers to techniques
       | developed to help spur innovation and growth. The patent system
       | is mind numbingly stupid as it absolutely STIFLES innovation.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | On the other hand, who would research anything or spend
         | anything on R&D if it was not protected? It's a two-way street.
         | There are good patents, bad patents, and everything in between.
        
           | ploxiln wrote:
           | > who would research anything or spend anything on R&D if it
           | was not protected?
           | 
           | Most people that do real R&D do it because they want to, not
           | because they're rewarded with patents. They want to make a
           | better camera, a better camera format, and sell it. And
           | nobody learns how to make something by reading the patents,
           | in the past 50+ years they're practically unreadable
           | legalese. Once upon a time they had diagrams for mechanical
           | devices or chemical processes, but now they're just ideas
           | that many people faced with similar challenges and available
           | technologies would have considered, except the first to
           | bother to patent a general idea like "compress raw sensor
           | data before debayering" now gets to be a massive pain in the
           | ass to people actually doing R&D to make things.
        
             | babypuncher wrote:
             | I think this is true on an individual level, but a lot of
             | high tech innovation is only possible with hundreds of
             | engineers working together full time for years. Nobody is
             | inventing EUV lithography in their garage, someone had to
             | spend hundreds of millions of dollars assembling the
             | necessary talent and providing the resources needed to get
             | it done. That someone expects a return on their investment,
             | otherwise they will find something else to do with their
             | capital.
             | 
             | What we really need is much more strict requirements for
             | what qualifies as a truly unique innovation worthy of
             | patent protection. None of this BS about virtual shopping
             | carts on eCommerce sites, or playable minigames on video
             | game loading screens.
        
               | Layke1123 wrote:
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/how-a-22-year-old-makes-
               | micr....
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | > Sam Zeloof, a 22-year-old American, produced a chip
               | with 1,200 transistors
               | 
               | This is an impressive feat to be sure, but to compare it
               | to modern EUV lithography is like comparing a crossbow to
               | an ICBM
        
               | Layke1123 wrote:
               | Why can I not reply to the person below me?
               | 
               | Regardless, anyone could do this type of fabrication in
               | their garage given removing the legal and technical
               | barriers that keep EUV technology behind lock and key.
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | What that guy is doing in his parents garage is not EUV
               | lithography. He's doing what early IC manufacturers first
               | accomplished in the 60s, only with the benefit of 50
               | added years of knowledge in the space and decades old
               | equipment that never would have been affordable to the
               | average tinkerer when this technology was cutting edge.
               | 
               | The idea that the risk of patent infringement is the only
               | thing preventing him from building a chip comparable to a
               | modern Intel or AMD CPU in his garage today is absurd.
        
               | mateo1 wrote:
               | I also think a shorter duration and/or a cap on total
               | royalties would be useful. Like 10 years and 10x initial
               | r&d investment, instead of "forever" and "infinite".
        
             | dymk wrote:
             | > Most people that do real R&D do it because they want to,
             | not because they're rewarded with patents.
             | 
             | Everybody's gotta eat. Would you work your job if you
             | weren't getting paid?
        
               | Layke1123 wrote:
               | Your question shows a lack of understanding. Many
               | billionaires do not need to work. What keeps them showing
               | up to "jobs"?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | betaby wrote:
           | Most of R&D in the medical/pharmacological field is done by
           | government grants as an example.
        
             | tyrfing wrote:
             | Do you have a source for 'most'? Pharma R&D spending is
             | very high compared to any other industry.
             | 
             | https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57126
        
               | betaby wrote:
               | https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/us-tax-
               | dolla...
               | 
               | The raw dollar value R&D in the private sector is higher,
               | but that's accounting gymnastics for tax purposes, not
               | actual R&D.
        
           | netr0ute wrote:
           | Then the competitors that don't care about lack of patents
           | will take over the market, creating the impetus for
           | innovation again.
        
             | Layke1123 wrote:
             | I thought competition is what keeps markets working
             | efficiently. Without competition, what's the motivation to
             | actually share innovation when it is not needed to maximize
             | profits, as innovation is much more costly than maintaining
             | the status quo?
        
             | Majestic121 wrote:
             | Not really, there will be small innovation on obvious
             | matters but any R&D that actual takes capital to validate
             | or does not have immediate result will simply be dropped.
             | 
             | Or kept purely secret
        
           | Layke1123 wrote:
           | Sheer...human...curiosity. When everyone can afford a
           | comfortable lifestyle, what else do you think humanity will
           | do? Drink themselves to death? If that were true, we would
           | already be long gone.
        
       | Buttons840 wrote:
       | Should have put their patent infringing software behind some DRM.
       | RED finds out Nikon is violating their patent, sues Nikon, Nikon
       | makes a strategic campaign donation, some people at RED end up
       | being felons. God bless America.
       | 
       | Seriously, if I infringe a patent in some DRMed software, can
       | anyone ever legally discover that fact?
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | > _" Seriously, if I infringe a patent in some DRMed software,
         | can anyone ever legally discover that fact? "_
         | 
         | Yes, RED can file a suit, and 'discover' the software. The
         | legal system is not some arcane and buggy piece of code.
        
       | bumblebritches5 wrote:
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Alleged violations of patents:
       | 
       | - 7,830,967 "Video Camera"
       | 
       | - 8,174,560 "Video Camera"
       | 
       | - 9,245,314 "Video Camera"
       | 
       | - 9,436,976 "Video Camera"
       | 
       | - 9,521,384 "Green Average Subtraction in Image Data"
       | 
       | - 9,716,866 "Green Image Data Processing"
       | 
       | - 10,582,168 "Green Image Data Processing"
       | 
       | Almost all patents use the following generic description or
       | variations thereof:
       | 
       | "Embodiments provide a video camera that can be configured to
       | highly compress video data in a visually lossless manner. The
       | camera can be configured to transform blue, red, and/or green
       | image data in a manner that enhances the compressibility of the
       | data. The camera can be configured to transform at least a
       | portion of the green image data in a manner that enhances the
       | compressibility of the data. The data can then be compressed and
       | stored in this form. This allows a user to reconstruct the red,
       | blue, and/or green image data to obtain the original raw data or
       | a modified version of the original raw data that is visually
       | lossless when demosacied. Additionally, the data can be processed
       | in a manner in which at least some of the green image elements
       | are demosaiced first and then the red, blue, and/or some green
       | elements are reconstructed based on values of the demosaiced
       | green image elements."
       | 
       | IANAL, but this legal description is gobbledygook describing a
       | video camera, that can compress video, in a visually lossless
       | manner, by rearranging RGB data to be more compressible, and then
       | being able to obtain original data from a "demosaiced" version of
       | the RGB data.
       | 
       | RED clearly doesn't like Nikon's use of GREEN.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | From what I understand we should we looking at the patent
         | claims to see what the patent really covers.
        
         | ryandamm wrote:
         | I think this is straightforward technical language being
         | translated into patent language. But you should always read the
         | claims; the language is usually more precise there.
         | 
         | I believe the technique at issue is a way to compress the data
         | -- using standard codecs like JPEG2000 -- without first de-
         | bayering the image. I imagine it was pretty novel when the
         | patent was filed, which would've been the mid '00s. (The Red
         | One used this technique, and it launched in ~2007.)
        
           | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
           | The fundamental problem seems to be that in practice, mere
           | novelty is enough to get a patent.
           | 
           | I don't think a company should be granted a 20-year monopoly
           | just because they were the first to write an idea down. I
           | don't see how patents on run-of-the-mill innovations further
           | innovation in the economy as a whole.
           | 
           | Even if there were no such thing as patents, companies would
           | have begun compressing individual channels prior to de-
           | bayering, because it makes sense and is a fairly obvious
           | thing to try. The patent system didn't spur innovation in
           | this case. It just allowed one company to demand a rent from
           | everyone else.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | The application to images may have been novel, but this is
           | just a trivial application of a rule that has been well known
           | since the first uses of compression methods.
           | 
           | Whenever there is some data which passes through several
           | conversion stages, there is a certain point in the chain of
           | transformations where compression is more efficient than in
           | the other points, so it is always necessary to choose
           | carefully where to insert a compression transformation.
           | 
           | For example, if you aggregate some files into an archive file
           | and then you encrypt the archive file, a compression step
           | must be inserted between the concatenation of the input files
           | and the encryption step.
           | 
           | Inserting the compression before concatenation or after
           | encryption will give much worse compression ratios.
           | 
           | The same is true for any chain of transformations. It is
           | always necessary to identify the point where the compression
           | must be inserted, which for image processing in a camera
           | happens to be before debayering.
           | 
           | Absolutely anyone who would receive the task to add
           | compression to an image processing chain of algorithms would
           | start by making tests to determine where to insert the
           | compression.
           | 
           | Discovering the claim of the patent does not require any kind
           | of creativity or any other special skill in the domain. It
           | would have happened automatically to the first one who
           | happened to work at this problem.
        
       | Lammy wrote:
       | AIUI (and I ANAL), these patents are also behind the Z-Camera
       | ZRAW format change as of Z-Cam firmware 0.94.1:
       | 
       | https://www.personal-view.com/talks/discussion/25023/z-cam-i...
       | 
       | > "As [the original post] said, ZRAW stores a full RAW, albeit
       | compressed (Huffman and Golomb). This means that the original
       | information about YUV is not correct. In the code, they called
       | the channels that way, indeed, but the channels themselves, as it
       | turned out, store the usual RGB CFA Bayer."
       | 
       | https://www.personal-view.com/talks/discussion/25185/zraw-is...
       | 
       | > "ZRAW is not RAW anymore. After firmware v0.94.1 it's an AES-
       | encrypted MOV-container-corrupted overXORred shit, that contains
       | only HEVC bitstream."
        
       | czbond wrote:
       | Did RED or Nikon get them from Pied Piper?
        
       | google234123 wrote:
       | Apparently using jpeg2000 to store video (which is redcode) is
       | enough to violate these patents. Too bad Apple couldn't demolish
       | this patent.
       | 
       | Nikon has 100s or 1000s of their own patents, I would guess that
       | they will counter sue for random violatations by RED.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | AFAIK the patent is on lossy raw video; JPEG2000 has nothing to
         | do with it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | nwiswell wrote:
         | As usual, the lawyers win.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | One would have thought that Nikon has at least one enforceable
       | patent against Red and therefore cross-licensing is the eventual
       | outcome.
        
       | hatware wrote:
       | You mean corporations don't actually want to innovate once they
       | have significant market share?
        
       | imagetic wrote:
       | Nikon will most likely end up having to remove internal RAW
       | support for the Z9. That was a big selling point for me, I
       | received one of the first in Z9 preorders (I'm a professional
       | photographer who does a lot of video production work as well). I
       | work with RED cameras fairly regularly.
       | 
       | RED, while protecting their first to market realm and making sure
       | they get the check, have really stifled where the camera industry
       | can go. Apple, Sony, Kinfinity, all lost out to RED on similar
       | cases.
       | 
       | Assuming Nikon isn't completely ignorant (they've been protecting
       | patents for a long ass time), introducing internal RAW in the Z9
       | was a red flag on announcement day for this very topic. It gave
       | them the splash they needed to launch their flagship camera, so
       | it's very possible they figured they'd take the win while they
       | can, even if it came with a hard slap for everyone after the
       | fact.
       | 
       | And it's a thin, but very legal argument to say they compete in
       | the same space. No Z9 owner in a professional space is looking to
       | buy a RED really. If there are, it's probably less than 10 in the
       | world.
       | 
       | A huge part of me wishes people just wouldn't buy RED cameras in
       | protest to how big of a road block they've created and the
       | business practices they've employed themselves.
       | 
       | And Maybe the rest of the industry just collectively gangs up on
       | them to apply pressure. One can dream. Right now, the only way
       | this ends is if people talk with their money, or the patents
       | expire.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | Just use QOI and be done with it. https://qoiformat.org/
        
       | lizardactivist wrote:
       | Red joins the ever-growing horde of U.S. American patent trolls.
       | It's a real shame.
        
         | esjeon wrote:
         | Yeah, real shame. Nikon's market hardly overlaps with RED's,
         | and never will. This is not "free market competition", but a
         | cheap attempt to suck out money from other companies. Probably
         | the company has already reached the end of its own potential.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | What would be the consequences of throwing out all patents that
       | are purely an information theory thing?
       | 
       | These seem to have the biggest impact on our ability to
       | interoperate with complex technologies at scale.
        
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